Air conditioning system of hydrogen power bus

Abstract

The invention provides an air conditioning system of a hydrogen power bus, which belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and comprises an adsorption type refrigeration system, a fuel cell heat management system and an overhead air conditioning heat exchange system, and the fuel cell heat management system provides energy for the adsorption type refrigeration system and the overhead air conditioning heat exchange system. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises a fuel cell, a first plate heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, a water pump, an air compressor, a first electromagnetic valve, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a third regulating valve and a fourth regulating valve. The problems that an existing hydrogen power bus is large in environmental control power consumption and a hydrogen fuel cell system is insufficient in heat energy utilization are solved, the refrigerating and heating working conditions can be adjusted under different season requirements, the energy utilization rate is high, the refrigerating process is free of pollution and peculiar smell, efficient and stable operation is achieved, and meanwhile energy consumption and operation and maintenance cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly to an air conditioning system for a hydrogen-powered bus. Background Art

[0002] At present, the global demand for using clean energy is increasing continuously. As an efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion device, hydrogen fuel cells are gradually becoming the focus of research and application. Hydrogen fuel cell buses use hydrogen fuel cells as the power source, and have the advantages of high efficiency, cleanliness, zero emissions, etc. With the global emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable development, traditional fuel buses are gradually being replaced by new energy buses due to high pollution and high energy consumption. The technology of hydrogen fuel cells is constantly maturing, including the improvement of the power density of the fuel cell stack, the enhancement of system reliability, and the reduction of costs, etc., which lays the foundation for the commercial application of hydrogen fuel cell buses. Hydrogen fuel cell buses are suitable for medium- and long-distance, medium- and heavy-load transportation scenarios, and have the advantages of short hydrogen refueling time and long endurance mileage, etc., and are gradually becoming an important development direction in the commercial vehicle field.

[0003] The waste heat recovery technology has a broad application background at present. Through the waste heat recovery technology, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell can be used for heating, refrigeration, and providing heat energy for other equipment, which can improve the energy utilization efficiency, reduce the operation cost of the vehicle, and has significant economic benefits especially in large-scale commercial operations. The recovered waste heat can be used for the cold start of the fuel cell to improve its adaptability in low-temperature environments. Waste heat recovery reduces energy waste and conforms to the trend of global sustainable development.

[0004] The air conditioning system of new energy buses faces many challenges in practical applications. Among them, the air conditioning system is one of the main energy consumers of new energy buses. Especially when heating in winter, it will significantly reduce the endurance mileage of the vehicle. And the traditional heat pump air conditioner has low heating efficiency in low-temperature environments and is difficult to meet the heating requirements inside the vehicle. The air conditioning system of new energy buses needs to work in coordination with systems such as the battery thermal management system and the vehicle thermal management, which increases the complexity of design and control. High-efficiency and energy-saving air conditioning systems often have high costs, and their reliability faces challenges under complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air conditioning system for a hydrogen-powered bus, which solves the problems of large power consumption of the environmental control of current hydrogen-powered buses and insufficient utilization of the heat energy of the hydrogen fuel cell system, can adjust the refrigeration and heating working conditions according to different seasonal requirements, has high energy utilization efficiency, no pollution and no peculiar smell during the refrigeration process, operates efficiently and stably, and at the same time reduces energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] An air conditioning system for a hydrogen-powered bus, characterized in that: it includes an adsorption refrigeration system, a fuel cell thermal management system, and a roof-mounted air conditioning heat exchange system, and the fuel cell thermal management system provides energy for the adsorption refrigeration system and the roof-mounted air conditioning heat exchange system.

[0008] The fuel cell thermal management system includes a fuel cell, a first plate heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, a water pump, an air compressor, a first solenoid valve, a first regulating valve, a second regulating valve, a third regulating valve, and a fourth regulating valve.

[0009] The coolant outlet of the fuel cell is connected to one end of the first solenoid valve, the other end of the first solenoid valve is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger, the cold-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger is connected to one end of the first regulating valve, the hot-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell, the hot-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger is communicated with the exhaust outlet of the air compressor, the intake passage of the air compressor is communicated with the atmosphere, the other end of the first regulating valve is connected to one end of the second regulating valve, the other end of the second regulating valve is connected to the liquid inlet of the air heat exchanger, the liquid outlet of the air heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the water pump, a third regulating valve and a fourth regulating valve are sequentially arranged between the air heat exchanger and the water pump, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell.

[0010] A first branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger and the first regulating valve, a second branch and a third branch are sequentially arranged between the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, a fourth branch is arranged between the second regulating valve and the air heat exchanger, the first branch and the second branch are connected to the adsorption refrigeration system, the third branch and the fourth branch are connected to the roof-mounted air conditioning heat exchange system, a fifth branch is arranged between the air heat exchanger and the third regulating valve, a sixth branch and a seventh branch are arranged between the third regulating valve and the fourth regulating valve, an eighth branch is arranged between the fourth regulating valve and the water pump, the fifth branch, the sixth branch, the seventh branch, and the eighth branch are all connected to the adsorption refrigeration system, and there is heat exchange between the roof-mounted air conditioning heat exchange system and the adsorption refrigeration system.

[0011] Furthermore, the adsorption refrigeration system includes an adsorption bed, a condenser, an evaporator, a regulating valve, a second solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve. The refrigerant outlet of the adsorption bed is connected to one end of the second solenoid valve, the other end of the second solenoid valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to one end of the regulating valve, the other end of the regulating valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator, the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to one end of the third solenoid valve, and the other end of the third solenoid valve is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the adsorption bed.

[0012] Further, the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system includes an air heater, a fan, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve. The gas outlet of the air heater is connected to one side inlet of the first three-way valve, the gas inlet of the air heater is connected to one side outlet of the second three-way valve, the other side outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the gas inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the carriage, the other side inlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the gas outlet of the evaporator, and the fan blows the outside air in and it flows through the second three-way valve.

[0013] Further, a fifth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the first branch, the first branch is connected to the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed, a sixth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the second branch, the second branch is connected to the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed, a seventh regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the third branch, the third branch is connected to the fluid inlet of the air heater, and an eighth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the fourth branch, and the fourth branch is connected to the fluid outlet of the air heater.

[0014] Further, a ninth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the fifth branch, the fifth branch is connected to the water side inlet of the condenser, a tenth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the sixth branch, the sixth branch is connected to the water side outlet of the condenser, an eleventh regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the seventh branch, the seventh branch is connected to the cold water inlet of the adsorption bed, and a twelfth regulating valve for controlling on-off is provided on the eighth branch, and the eighth branch is connected to the cold water outlet of the adsorption bed.

[0015] Further, the adsorption bed uses two adsorption devices for intermittent adsorption and desorption to achieve continuous output of cold air. The adsorption bed includes a first adsorption device and a second adsorption device, and both the first adsorption device and the second adsorption device are arranged inside the adsorption bed.

[0016] When the first adsorption device is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the second adsorption device is in the desorption state and hot water is introduced into it. When the second adsorption device is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the first adsorption device is in the desorption state and hot water is introduced into it.

[0017] Further, the air-conditioning system starts the adsorption refrigeration mode in summer and the heating mode in winter. When the adsorption refrigeration mode is started, the seventh regulating valve and the eighth regulating valve are closed, and the gas inlet and gas outlet of the air heater are closed, and other valves work normally. When the heating mode is started, the ninth regulating valve, the tenth regulating valve, the eleventh regulating valve, the twelfth regulating valve, the fifth regulating valve, and the sixth regulating valve are closed, and the valves in the adsorption refrigeration system do not work, and other valves work normally.

[0018] Further, taking water as the refrigerant, a microchannel condenser filled with silica gel and two three-way valves are provided in both the first adsorption device and the second adsorption device. The two three-way valves are respectively arranged at the water-side inlet and the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The outlet of the three-way valve at the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser has two inlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water inlet and the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed. The inlet of the three-way valve at the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser has two outlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water outlet and the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed.

[0019] Further, the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and deionized water is selected as the coolant of the fuel cell.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention:

[0021] 1. The present invention has a heat management function throughout the seasons. The integrated cold and hot water pipeline is controlled by several valves, which can flexibly respond to different environments and usage requirements.

[0022] 2. The present invention adopts an adsorption refrigeration subsystem, which can efficiently recover and utilize the waste heat of the air compressor and the fuel cell, and the refrigeration process is pollution-free and odorless.

[0023] 3. The present invention uses the waste heat of the fuel cell and the air compressor to heat the air for heating, utilizes the heat that would be directly discharged in the existing system, and improves the energy utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is the working principle diagram of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure: 101, adsorption bed, 1011, first adsorption device, 1012, second adsorption device, 102, condenser, 103, evaporator, 104, regulating valve, 105, second solenoid valve, 106, third solenoid valve, 201, fuel cell, 202, first plate heat exchanger, 203, air heat exchanger, 204, water pump, 205, air compressor, 206, first solenoid valve, 207, first regulating valve, 208, second regulating valve, 209, third regulating valve, 210, fourth regulating valve, 211, fifth regulating valve, 212, sixth regulating valve, 213, seventh regulating valve, 214, eighth regulating valve, 215, ninth regulating valve, 216, tenth regulating valve, 217, eleventh regulating valve, 218, twelfth regulating valve, 301, air heater, 302, fan, 303, first three-way valve, 304, second three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] As Figure 1 shown, an air-conditioning system for a hydrogen-powered bus includes an adsorption refrigeration system, a fuel cell thermal management system, and a roof-mounted air-conditioning heat exchange system. The fuel cell thermal management system provides energy for the adsorption refrigeration system and the roof-mounted air-conditioning heat exchange system.

[0028] The fuel cell thermal management system includes a fuel cell 201, a first plate heat exchanger 202, an air heat exchanger 203, a water pump 204, an air compressor 205, a first solenoid valve 206, a first regulating valve 207, a second regulating valve 208, a third regulating valve 209, and a fourth regulating valve 210.

[0029] The coolant outlet of the fuel cell 201 is connected to one end of the first solenoid valve 206. The other end of the first solenoid valve 206 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 202. The cold-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 202 is connected to one end of the first regulating valve 207. The hot-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 202 communicates with the air inlet of the fuel cell 201. The hot-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger 202 communicates with the exhaust outlet of the air compressor 205. The intake passage of the air compressor 205 communicates with the atmosphere. The other end of the first regulating valve 207 is connected to one end of the second regulating valve 208. The other end of the second regulating valve 208 is connected to the liquid inlet of the air heat exchanger 203. The liquid outlet of the air heat exchanger 203 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 204. A third regulating valve 209 and a fourth regulating valve 210 are sequentially arranged between the air heat exchanger 203 and the water pump 204. The outlet of the water pump 204 is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell 201.

[0030] A first branch is provided between the first plate heat exchanger 202 and the first regulating valve 207. A second branch and a third branch are sequentially provided between the first regulating valve 207 and the second regulating valve 208. A fourth branch is provided between the second regulating valve 208 and the air heat exchanger 203. The first branch and the second branch are connected to the adsorption refrigeration system. The third branch and the fourth branch are connected to the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system. A fifth branch is provided between the air heat exchanger 203 and the third regulating valve 209. A sixth branch and a seventh branch are provided between the third regulating valve 209 and the fourth regulating valve 210. An eighth branch is provided between the fourth regulating valve 210 and the water pump 204. The fifth branch, the sixth branch, the seventh branch and the eighth branch are all connected to the adsorption refrigeration system. There is heat exchange between the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system and the adsorption refrigeration system.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption refrigeration system includes an adsorption bed 101, a condenser 102, an evaporator 103, a regulating valve 104, a second solenoid valve 105 and a third solenoid valve 106. The refrigerant outlet of the adsorption bed 101 is connected to one end of the second solenoid valve 105. The other end of the second solenoid valve 105 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 102. The refrigerant outlet of the condenser 102 is connected to one end of the regulating valve 104. The other end of the regulating valve 104 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 103. The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 103 is connected to one end of the third solenoid valve 106. The other end of the third solenoid valve 106 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the adsorption bed 101.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system includes an air heater 301, a fan 302, a first three-way valve 303 and a second three-way valve 304. The gas outlet of the air heater 301 is connected to one side inlet of the first three-way valve 303. The gas inlet of the air heater 301 is connected to one side outlet of the second three-way valve 304. The other side outlet of the second three-way valve 304 is connected to the gas inlet of the evaporator 103. The outlet of the first three-way valve 303 is connected to the carriage. The other side inlet of the first three-way valve 303 is connected to the gas outlet of the evaporator 103. The fan 302 blows the outside air in and it flows through the second three-way valve 304.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fifth regulating valve 211 for controlling on-off is provided on the first branch, the first branch is connected to the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed 101, a sixth regulating valve 212 for controlling on-off is provided on the second branch, the second branch is connected to the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed 101, a seventh regulating valve 213 for controlling on-off is provided on the third branch, the third branch is connected to the fluid inlet of the air heater 301, and an eighth regulating valve 214 for controlling on-off is provided on the fourth branch, the fourth branch is connected to the fluid outlet of the air heater 301.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ninth regulating valve 215 for controlling on-off is provided on the fifth branch, the fifth branch is connected to the water side inlet of the condenser 102, a tenth regulating valve 216 for controlling on-off is provided on the sixth branch, the sixth branch is connected to the water side outlet of the condenser 102, an eleventh regulating valve 217 for controlling on-off is provided on the seventh branch, the seventh branch is connected to the cold water inlet of the adsorption bed 101, and a twelfth regulating valve 218 for controlling on-off is provided on the eighth branch, the eighth branch is connected to the cold water outlet of the adsorption bed 101.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption bed 101 uses two adsorption devices for intermittent adsorption and desorption to achieve continuous cold air output. The adsorption bed 101 includes a first adsorption device 1011 and a second adsorption device 1012, and both the first adsorption device 1011 and the second adsorption device 1012 are provided inside the adsorption bed 101.

[0036] When the first adsorption device 1011 is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the second adsorption device 1012 is in the desorption state, and hot water is introduced into it; when the second adsorption device 1012 is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the first adsorption device 1011 is in the desorption state, and hot water is introduced into it.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air-conditioning system starts the adsorption refrigeration mode in summer and the heating mode in winter. When the adsorption refrigeration mode is started, the seventh regulating valve 213 and the eighth regulating valve 214 are closed, and the gas inlet and gas outlet of the air heater 301 are closed, and other valves work normally; when the heating mode is started, the ninth regulating valve 215, the tenth regulating valve 216, the eleventh regulating valve 217, the twelfth regulating valve 218, the fifth regulating valve 211 and the sixth regulating valve 212 are closed, and the valves in the adsorption refrigeration system do not work, and other valves work normally.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, water is used as the refrigerant. A microchannel condenser filled with silica gel and two three-way valves are provided in both the first adsorption device 1011 and the second adsorption device 1012. The two three-way valves are respectively arranged at the water-side inlet and the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The outlet of the three-way valve at the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water-side inlet of the microchannel condenser has two inlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water inlet and the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed 101. The inlet of the three-way valve at the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water-side outlet of the microchannel condenser has two outlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water outlet and the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed 101.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell 201 is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and deionized water is selected as the coolant of the fuel cell 201.

[0040] The working process of the present invention:

[0041] The working circuits of the present invention for summer refrigeration and winter heating are not completely the same, including the summer adsorption refrigeration mode and the winter heating mode.

[0042] In the summer adsorption refrigeration mode, in the fuel cell thermal management system, the ninth regulating valve 215, the tenth regulating valve 216, the eleventh regulating valve 217, the twelfth regulating valve 218, the fifth regulating valve 211, and the sixth regulating valve 212 are opened, and the seventh regulating valve 213 and the eighth regulating valve 214 are closed.

[0043] Specifically, the eleventh regulating valve 217 and the twelfth regulating valve 218 are opened to provide driving force for the desorption of the adsorption bed; the ninth regulating valve 215 and the tenth regulating valve 216 are opened to provide driving force for the adsorption of the adsorption bed. The first regulating valve 207, the second regulating valve 208, the third regulating valve 209, and the fourth regulating valve 210 are main circuit valves. By reducing their opening degrees and opening the bypass valve, the flow direction of the water can be controlled to the bypass.

[0044] In the coolant passage of the fuel cell, a first solenoid valve 206 is provided at the outlet of the radiator of the fuel cell 201 to regulate the flow rate. Then, the coolant exchanges heat with the compressed air at the outlet of the air compressor 205. The coolant is heated and at the same time takes away the heat of the compressed air. Subsequently, the hot coolant can enter the adsorption refrigeration system for heat exchange, which can drive the desorption process of the adsorption bed. The coolant flows in through the fifth regulating valve 211 and flows out through the sixth regulating valve 212. During this process, the first regulating valve 207 reduces the opening degree to ensure that there is water flowing to the bypass where the fifth regulating valve 211 and the sixth regulating valve 212 are located. Subsequently, the coolant enters the air heat exchanger 203 to dissipate a large amount of heat, significantly reducing the temperature of the coolant. Subsequently, the low-temperature coolant flows into the condenser 102 in the adsorption refrigeration cycle system through the ninth regulating valve 215 and flows out through the tenth regulating valve 216, condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid in the adsorption refrigeration cycle system into a medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid. During this process, the third regulating valve 209 reduces the opening degree to ensure that there is water flowing to the bypass where the ninth regulating valve 215 and the tenth regulating valve 216 are located. Subsequently, the low-temperature coolant flows into the adsorption bed in the adsorption refrigeration system through the eleventh regulating valve 217 and flows out through the twelfth regulating valve 218. During this process, the fourth regulating valve 210 reduces the opening degree to ensure that there is water flowing to the bypass where the eleventh regulating valve 217 and the twelfth regulating valve 218 are located. Subsequently, the coolant flows into the heat dissipation device of the fuel cell 201 under the drive of the water pump 204 for heat exchange, cooling the fuel cell 201 so that the fuel cell 201 can operate normally without overheating.

[0045] When the first adsorption device 1011 is in the desorption state, the hot deionized water flowing into the adsorption bed 101 through the hot water inlet enters the first adsorption device 1011 through the three-way valve at the water side inlet of the first adsorption device 1011, and serves as a heat source to drive desorption. Subsequently, it passes through the three-way valve at the water side outlet of the first adsorption device 1011, exits through the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed 101, and returns to the fuel cell thermal management cycle through the sixth regulating valve 212. At the same time, the second adsorption device 1012 is in the adsorption state, and the cold deionized water flowing into the adsorption bed 101 through the cold water inlet enters the second adsorption device 1012 through the three-way valve at the water side inlet of the second adsorption device 1012, and serves as a cold source to drive adsorption. Subsequently, it passes through the three-way valve at the water side outlet of the second adsorption device 1012, exits through the cold water outlet of the adsorption bed 101, and returns to the fuel cell thermal management cycle through the twelfth regulating valve 218. After completing their respective processes, the first adsorption device 1011 changes to the adsorption state, and the second adsorption device 1012 changes to the desorption state. Such an alternating cycle is carried out to continuously output high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and adsorb medium-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant. The working fluid flow rate is controlled by the opening degree of the regulating valve 104, thereby achieving precise control of the refrigerating capacity. The top-mounted air-conditioning heat exchange system can distinguish the air flow directions in winter and summer conditions. In the summer condition, outdoor air enters the pipeline through the second three-way valve 304, flows along the pipeline into the evaporator 103, transfers heat to the adsorption refrigeration cycle, and the outlet is low-temperature gas, which is introduced into the vehicle through the first three-way valve 303 to provide cool air.

[0046] In the winter heating mode, the seventh regulating valve 213 and the eighth regulating valve 214 are opened, the opening degree of the second regulating valve 208 is reduced, and the first regulating valve 207, the third regulating valve 209, and the fourth regulating valve 210 remain open. All valves in the adsorption refrigeration system do not work, and the adsorption refrigeration system does not work. Specifically, the regulating valve 104, the second solenoid valve 105, the third solenoid valve 106, the fifth regulating valve 211, the sixth regulating valve 212, the ninth regulating valve 215, the tenth regulating valve 216, the eleventh regulating valve 217, and the twelfth regulating valve 218 are all closed. In the fuel cell thermal management system, for the flow of the coolant, specifically, the coolant passage of the fuel cell 201 can adjust the flow rate through the first solenoid valve 206, and then the coolant enters the first plate heat exchanger 202 to exchange heat with the compressed air. The coolant is heated and at the same time takes away the heat of the compressed air. Subsequently, the hot coolant enters the air heater 301 to increase the temperature of the air entering the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system. Subsequently, the coolant enters the air heat exchanger 203 to dissipate a large amount of heat, significantly reducing the coolant temperature. Subsequently, the cooling water flows into the cooling device of the fuel cell 201 driven by the water pump 204 to take away the heat of the fuel cell 201, enabling the fuel cell 201 to work properly without overheating. In the overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system, outdoor air enters the pipeline through the second three-way valve 304, absorbs the heat from the hot coolant in the fuel cell thermal management system, and the outlet air temperature is relatively high. It is introduced into the vehicle for heating through the first three-way valve 303.

[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can still adjust the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Therefore, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and variations.

Claims

1. An air-conditioning system for a hydrogen-powered bus, characterized in that: It includes an adsorption refrigeration system, a fuel cell thermal management system, and a roof-mounted air conditioner heat exchange system. The fuel cell thermal management system provides energy for the adsorption refrigeration system and the roof-mounted air conditioner heat exchange system; The fuel cell thermal management system includes a fuel cell (201), a first plate heat exchanger (202), an air heat exchanger (203), a water pump (204), an air compressor (205), a first solenoid valve (206), a first regulating valve (207), a second regulating valve (208), a third regulating valve (209), and a fourth regulating valve (210); The coolant outlet of the fuel cell (201) is connected to one end of the first solenoid valve (206). The other end of the first solenoid valve (206) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (202). The cold-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger (202) is connected to one end of the first regulating valve (207). The hot-side outlet of the first plate heat exchanger (202) is communicated with the air inlet of the fuel cell (201). The hot-side inlet of the first plate heat exchanger (202) is communicated with the exhaust outlet of the air compressor (205). The intake passage of the air compressor (205) is communicated with the atmosphere. The other end of the first regulating valve (207) is connected to one end of the second regulating valve (208). The other end of the second regulating valve (208) is connected to the liquid inlet of the air heat exchanger (203). The liquid outlet of the air heat exchanger (203) is connected to the inlet of the water pump (204). A third regulating valve (209) and a fourth regulating valve (210) are sequentially arranged between the air heat exchanger (203) and the water pump (204). The outlet of the water pump (204) is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell (201); A first branch is arranged between the first plate heat exchanger (202) and the first regulating valve (207). A second branch and a third branch are sequentially arranged between the first regulating valve (207) and the second regulating valve (208). A fourth branch is arranged between the second regulating valve (208) and the air heat exchanger (203). The first branch and the second branch are connected to the adsorption refrigeration system. The third branch and the fourth branch are connected to the roof-mounted air conditioner heat exchange system. A fifth branch is arranged between the air heat exchanger (203) and the third regulating valve (209). A sixth branch and a seventh branch are arranged between the third regulating valve (209) and the fourth regulating valve (210). An eighth branch is arranged between the fourth regulating valve (210) and the water pump (204). The fifth branch, the sixth branch, the seventh branch, and the eighth branch are all connected to the adsorption refrigeration system. There is heat exchange between the roof-mounted air conditioner heat exchange system and the adsorption refrigeration system.

2. The air-conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 1, wherein: The adsorption refrigeration system includes an adsorption bed (101), a condenser (102), an evaporator (103), a regulating valve (104), a second solenoid valve (105) and a third solenoid valve (106). The refrigerant outlet of the adsorption bed (101) is connected to one end of the second solenoid valve (105), the other end of the second solenoid valve (105) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the condenser (102), the refrigerant outlet of the condenser (102) is connected to one end of the regulating valve (104), the other end of the regulating valve (104) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (103), the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (103) is connected to one end of the third solenoid valve (106), and the other end of the third solenoid valve (106) is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the adsorption bed (101).

3. The air-conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 2, wherein: The overhead air-conditioning heat exchange system includes an air heater (301), a fan (302), a first three-way valve (303) and a second three-way valve (304). The gas outlet of the air heater (301) is connected to one side inlet of the first three-way valve (303), the gas inlet of the air heater (301) is connected to one side outlet of the second three-way valve (304), the other side outlet of the second three-way valve (304) is connected to the gas inlet of the evaporator (103), the outlet of the first three-way valve (303) is connected to the carriage, the other side inlet of the first three-way valve (303) is connected to the gas outlet of the evaporator (103), and the fan (302) blows outside air in and flows through the second three-way valve (304).

4. The air-conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 3, wherein: A fifth regulating valve (211) for controlling on / off is provided on the first branch, the first branch is connected to the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed (101), a sixth regulating valve (212) for controlling on / off is provided on the second branch, the second branch is connected to the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed (101), a seventh regulating valve (213) for controlling on / off is provided on the third branch, the third branch is connected to the fluid inlet of the air heater (301), and an eighth regulating valve (214) for controlling on / off is provided on the fourth branch, and the fourth branch is connected to the fluid outlet of the air heater (301).

5. The air-conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 4, wherein: A ninth regulating valve (215) for controlling on / off is provided on the fifth branch, the fifth branch is connected to the water side inlet of the condenser (102), a tenth regulating valve (216) for controlling on / off is provided on the sixth branch, the sixth branch is connected to the water side outlet of the condenser (102), an eleventh regulating valve (217) for controlling on / off is provided on the seventh branch, the seventh branch is connected to the cold water inlet of the adsorption bed (101), and a twelfth regulating valve (218) for controlling on / off is provided on the eighth branch, and the eighth branch is connected to the cold water outlet of the adsorption bed (101).

6. The air conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 5, wherein: The adsorption bed (101) uses two adsorption devices for intermittent adsorption and desorption to achieve continuous cold air output. The adsorption bed (101) includes a first adsorption device (1011) and a second adsorption device (1012), and both the first adsorption device (1011) and the second adsorption device (1012) are arranged inside the adsorption bed (101); When the first adsorption device (1011) is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the second adsorption device (1012) is in the desorption state, and hot water is introduced into it. When the second adsorption device (1012) is in the adsorption state, cold water is introduced into it. At this time, the first adsorption device (1011) is in the desorption state, and hot water is introduced into it.

7. The air conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 6, wherein: The air conditioning system starts the adsorption refrigeration mode in summer and the heating mode in winter. When the adsorption refrigeration mode is started, the seventh regulating valve (213) and the eighth regulating valve (214) are closed, and the gas inlet and gas outlet of the air heater (301) are closed, and other valves work normally. When the heating mode is started, the ninth regulating valve (215), the tenth regulating valve (216), the eleventh regulating valve (217), the twelfth regulating valve (218), the fifth regulating valve (211) and the sixth regulating valve (212) are closed, and the valves in the adsorption refrigeration system do not work, and other valves work normally.

8. The air conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 7, wherein: Water is used as the refrigerant. A microchannel condenser filled with silica gel and two three-way valves are provided in both the first adsorption device (1011) and the second adsorption device (1012). The two three-way valves are respectively arranged at the water side inlet and the water side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The outlet of the three-way valve at the water side inlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water side inlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water side inlet of the microchannel condenser has two inlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water inlet of the adsorption bed (101) and the hot water inlet of the adsorption bed (101). The inlet of the three-way valve at the water side outlet of the microchannel condenser is communicated with the water side outlet of the microchannel condenser. The three-way valve at the water side outlet of the microchannel condenser has two outlets, which are respectively communicated with the cold water outlet of the adsorption bed (101) and the hot water outlet of the adsorption bed (101).

9. The air conditioning system of a hydrogen-powered bus according to claim 8, wherein: The fuel cell (201) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and deionized water is selected as the coolant of the fuel cell (201).

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