Method for homogeneously removing odor substances in water by ozone / periodate

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for homogeneously removing smelly substances in water by ozone / periodate. The method comprises the following steps: adding ozone (O3) and periodate (IO4-) into a water body containing the smelly substances; adjusting the pH value of the water body to 6.0-8.0; reacting for 3 to 10 minutes under the condition of 0 to 35 DEG C; wherein the molar ratio of O3 to IO4 <-> is (1: 2)-(10: 1), the adding amount of ozone is 2.0-8.0 mg / L, and the adding amount of periodate is 3.0-15.0 mg / L. High-activity free radicals (. OH, IO3. And the like) are generated by using a homogeneous catalysis system, so that efficient degradation of odor substances is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and in particular relates to a method for removing odorous substances in water by using ozone / periodate homogeneously. Background Art

[0002] Odor-causing substances (such as 2-MIB, GSM, etc.) are typical difficult-to-degrade pollutants in drinking water treatment. The "National Drinking Water Quality Standard" (GB5749-2022) has set the limit at no more than 10 ng / L. Existing water treatment processes (such as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, conventional ozone oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, etc.) have low removal efficiency (usually less than 50%), posing a challenge to drinking water safety. In recent years, advanced oxidation technologies (AOPs) have become a research hotspot due to their strong oxidizing ability. Systems such as UV / hydrogen peroxide and UV / persulfate can significantly improve the removal efficiency of odorous substances in water. However, these technologies still face problems such as high energy consumption and insufficient UV efficiency (interference from organic matter in water). Advanced oxidation technologies with ozone as the core have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to resist interference from organic matter. Technologies such as ozone / hydrogen peroxide and ozone / persulfate can significantly improve the removal ability of odorous substances, but hydrogen peroxide is a precursor chemical that is not conducive to drug management. Persulfate treatment will significantly reduce the pH of the treated water. New ozone advanced oxidation technologies still need to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently removing odorous substances in water by using ozone / periodate in a homogeneous phase.

[0004] Technical solution: The ozone / periodate homogeneous method for removing odorous substances in water described in the present invention comprises the following steps: adding ozone (O3) and periodate (IO4-) to water containing odorous substances; adjusting the pH value of the water to 6.0-8.0; reacting at 0-35°C for 3-10 minutes; wherein the molar ratio of O3 to IO4- is 1:2-10:1, the ozone dosage is 2.0-8.0 mg / L, and the periodate dosage is 3.0-15.0 mg / L.

[0005] Preferably, when the water temperature is 10-35° C. and the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body is less than 1000 mg / L, the ozone dosage is 2.0-6.0 mg / L and the periodate dosage is 3.0-12.0 mg / L.

[0006] Preferably, when the water temperature is 0-10° C. and the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body is less than 1000 mg / L, the ozone dosage is 6.0-8.0 mg / L, so that the removal rate of 2-MIB and GSM is greater than 90%.

[0007] Preferably, when the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body is ≥1000 mg / L, the dosage of periodate is 12-15 mg / L, and the pH is controlled at 6.0-7.0, so that the removal rate of 2-MIB and GSM is >85%.

[0008] Preferably, the periodate is at least one of sodium periodate (NaIO4) and potassium periodate (KIO4).

[0009] Further preferably, the purity of the periodate is >90% to ensure that the technology can efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and iodate radicals (IO3·) within the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0.

[0010] Preferably, the odorous substance includes at least one of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM).

[0011] Preferably, the initial concentration of odorous substances in the water body is in the range of 30 to 300 ng / L.

[0012] Preferably, the ozone is directly introduced into the water body through an ozone generator, or dispersed in the form of fine bubbles through a microporous diffuser to improve ozone utilization and reduce tail gas emissions.

[0013] Preferably, stirring or aeration is continued during the reaction process to enhance the mixing efficiency of ozone and periodate and the contact efficiency of free radicals and odor substances.

[0014] Preferably, the method is achieved by constructing a multi-stage reaction zone:

[0015] (1) First stage reaction zone: periodate addition and mixing zone;

[0016] (2) Second stage reaction zone: ozone is exposed through titanium plate aeration disk or microporous diffuser to achieve full mixing of gas and liquid and enhance the production of OH and IO3.

[0017] (3) The third reaction zone: Odor substances in the water are efficiently degraded to achieve the goal of odor removal.

[0018] The ozone / periodate homogeneous method for removing odorous substances in water is applicable to the pretreatment or deep treatment of drinking water (such as lake and reservoir source water).

[0019] Reaction Principle: This technology achieves rapid generation of free radicals and efficient removal of odorous substances by regulating the oxidant ratio and reaction conditions. The pathway for generating free radicals in the reaction system of ozone and periodate is as follows:

[0020] 2O3+2IO4 - +2H2O→2IO3·+4·OH+3O2.

[0021] Ozone molecules react directly with periodate ions to generate highly reactive iodate radicals (IO3·) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Among them, IO3· has a selective oxidation ability for odor-causing substances, while ·OH further degrades and mineralizes organic matter through non-selective attacks. The odor-causing substances are attacked by IO3· and ·OH respectively through electron transfer reactions and radical addition reactions to open the ring and achieve their efficient degradation and deodorization.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages:

[0023] (1) The method of the present invention has a high degradation ability for odor-causing substances in water: Under the conditions of an ozone dosage of 4.0 mg / L, a periodate concentration of 6.0 mg / L, and a reaction time of 5 min, the removal rate of 2-MIB can reach 95.2%, the removal rate of GSM reaches 92.8%, and the removal rate of TOC is 25.7%, which is superior to the control groups of single ozone oxidation (the removal rate of 2-MIB is 46.5% and the removal rate of GSM is 46.7%) and periodate oxidation (the removal rate of 2-MIB is 2.8% and the removal rate of GSM is 4.3%).

[0024] (2) The method of the present invention has broad applicability: When the water temperature is 0 - 10 °C, the removal rates of 2-MIB and GSM can be > 90% by increasing the ozone dosage; when the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water body ≥ 1000 mg / L, the dosage of periodate can be adjusted and controlled to make the removal rates of 2-MIB and GSM > 85%.

[0025] (3) The method of the present invention has safety guarantees: Ozone and periodate do not require additional energy input and can react under normal temperature and pressure. The operation is simple and does not produce secondary pollution. At the same time, it will not cause the accumulation of by-products. Description of the drawings

[0026] Figure 1 is the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum for the identification of IO3· and ·OH in the present invention (a. ·IO3; b. ·OH);

[0027] Figure 2 is the result diagram of Example 5 of the present invention (the effects of ozone / periodate treatment on a. 2-MIB and GSM, b. TOC, c. trichloromethane formation potential and dichloroacetic acid formation potential). Detailed implementation manners

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] The concentration of 2-MIB in the raw water of a southern reservoir was detected to be 164 ng / L, the concentration of GSM was 22.4 ng / L, the total organic carbon (TOC) was 3.7 mg / L, the pH was 7.2, the turbidity was 32 NTU, and the water temperature was 25 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 12.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 2.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate was 1:0.75, and the uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through a microporous diffuser. After 5 minutes of treatment, the water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 7.8 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 95.2%, the concentration of GSM decreased to 2.1 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 90.6%, the TOC removal rate was 21.2%, and the total iodate residue was 0.08 mg / L. The comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 2.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 12.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 38.6% of 2-MIB and 28.8% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 8.6% of 2-MIB and 6.7% of GSM.

[0031] Example 2:

[0032] The concentration of 2-MIB in the raw water of a southern lake was detected to be 223.7 ng / L, the concentration of GSM was 28.6 ng / L, the total organic carbon (TOC) was 4.5 mg / L, the pH was 7.7, the turbidity was 45 NTU, and the water temperature was 22 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / potassium periodate was used for treatment. First, 3.0 mg / L of potassium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 6.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration, and the molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate was 9.6:1. After 10 minutes of treatment, the water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 5.3 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 97.6%, the concentration of GSM decreased to 2.7 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 90.6%, and the TOC removal rate was 26.4%. The comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 6.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 3.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 67.4% of 2-MIB and 56.3% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.4% of 2-MIB and 5.4% of GSM.

[0033] Example 3:

[0034] In the effluent of the sedimentation tank of a typical water plant in the south that uses lake water as the water source, the concentration of 2-MIB was detected to be 36.4 ng / L, the concentration of GSM was 14.7 ng / L, the total organic carbon (TOC) was 2.8 mg / L, the pH was 7.7, the turbidity was 2.3 NTU, and the water temperature was 19 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 6.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 4.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 2.96:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, the water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 2.2 ng / L, and the removal rate was as high as 94.0%. The concentration of GSM decreased to 1.1 ng / L, and the removal rate was as high as 92.5%. The TOC removal rate was 19.4%. The comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 4.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 6.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that single ozone treatment could only remove 43.5% of 2-MIB and 41.7% of GSM, and single periodate oxidation could only remove 3.5% of 2-MIB and 4.9% of GSM. The trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid generated after the treated water was chlorinated (sodium hypochlorite dosage of 1.0 mg / L) were 13.4 μg / L and 7.8 μg / L respectively, which were significantly lower than the concentrations of trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid generated by chlorinating the water without ozone / periodate treatment (20.5 μg / L and 12.1 μg / L respectively).

[0035] Example 4:

[0036] Laboratory bench-scale water distribution tests were carried out. 2-MIB and GSM with concentrations of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used to adjust the pH of the water body to 8.0, and the water temperature was controlled at 10 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 9.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 4.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 1.98:1. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through a microporous diffuser. After 3 minutes of treatment, the water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 5.3 ng / L, and the removal rate was as high as 94.7%. The concentration of GSM decreased to 6.6 ng / L, and the removal rate was as high as 93.4%. The comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 4.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 9.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that single ozone treatment could only remove 41.1% of 2-MIB and 34.6% of GSM, and single periodate oxidation could only remove 3.4% of 2-MIB and 4.0% of GSM.

[0037] Example 5:

[0038] (1) Sodium periodate at a dosage of 6.0 mg / L was first added to pure water. After mixing evenly, ozone at a dosage of 4.0 mg / L was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through a microporous diffuser, and the molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 2.96:1. 1 mmol / L of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide was added as a scavenger for ·PO4 2- , and the free radicals were immediately measured using an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. As Figure 1 , the characteristic peaks of ·OH and IO3· were detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, confirming the generation of ·OH and IO3·.

[0039] (2) A laboratory-scale pilot water test was conducted. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was 7.1, and the water temperature was 22 °C. The ozonation / sodium periodate advanced oxidation technology was used for treatment. Sodium periodate at a dosage of 6.0 mg / L was first added. After mixing evenly, ozone at a dosage of 4.0 mg / L was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through a microporous diffuser, and the molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 2.96:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, the water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 4.8 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 95.2%, the concentration of GSM decreased to 7.2 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 92.8%, and the TOC removal rate was 25.7%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozonation (ozone dosage of 4.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 6.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that single ozonation alone could only remove 46.5% of 2-MIB and 46.7% of GSM, and single periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.8% of 2-MIB and 4.3% of GSM. The trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid generated after chlorination disinfection (sodium hypochlorite dosage of 1.0 mg / L) of the treated water were 4.5 μg / L and 3.3 μg / L respectively, which were lower than the concentrations of trichloromethane and dichloroacetic acid generated by chlorination disinfection of the water without ozonation / periodate treatment (5.7 μg / L and 6.1 μg / L respectively). The results are as Figure 2 shown.

[0040] Example 6:

[0041] Laboratory-scale pilot water distribution tests were conducted. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was 6.0, and the water temperature was 35 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 10.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 2.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through a microporous diffuser. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 0.89:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 3.3 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 96.7%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 6.1 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 93.9%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 2.0 mg / L) and periodate oxidation (dosage of 10.0 mg / L) showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 29.4% of 2-MIB and 25.6% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.7% of 2-MIB and 3.5% of GSM.

[0042] Example 7:

[0043] Laboratory-scale pilot water distribution tests were conducted. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was 7.1, simulating the low-temperature conditions in winter, and the water temperature was controlled at 5 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 6.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 8.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 5.95:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 9.1 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 90.9%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 9.7 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 90.3%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 8.0 mg / L) and periodate oxidation (dosage of 6.0 mg / L) showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 42.1% of 2-MIB and 35.4% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.6% of 2-MIB and 4.8% of GSM.

[0044] Example 8:

[0045] Laboratory-scale pilot water distribution tests were conducted. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was 7.0, simulating the low-temperature conditions in winter, and the water temperature was controlled at 10 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 6.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 6.0 mg / L of ozone was added. Ozone was evenly dispersed through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 4.46:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 8.2 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 91.8%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 6.7 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 93.3%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 6.0 mg / L) and periodate oxidation (dosage of 6.0 mg / L) showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 40.5% of 2-MIB and 29.6% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.4% of 2-MIB and 4.2% of GSM.

[0046] Example 9:

[0047] Laboratory-scale pilot water distribution tests were conducted. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was 7.0, simulating the low-temperature conditions in winter, and the water temperature was controlled at 0 °C. The advanced oxidation technology of ozone / sodium periodate was used for treatment. First, 6.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 7.0 mg / L of ozone was added. Ozone was evenly dispersed through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 5.20:1. After 5 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 9.8 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 90.2%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 8.9 ng / L, with a removal rate as high as 91.1%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozone oxidation (ozone dosage of 7.0 mg / L) and periodate oxidation (dosage of 6.0 mg / L) showed that ozone treatment alone could only remove 33.4% of 2-MIB and 36.5% of GSM, and periodate oxidation alone could only remove 2.7% of 2-MIB and 3.6% of GSM.

[0048] Example 10:

[0049] Laboratory-scale water preparation experiments were carried out. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was adjusted to 7.0, the water temperature was 22 °C, and some dissolved solids were additionally added with an initial dissolved solid content of 1225 mg / L. The ozonation / sodium periodate advanced oxidation technology was used for treatment. First, 14.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 4.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 1.28:1. After 10 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 12.4 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 87.6%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 11.2 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 88.8%. Comparative experiments with traditional ozonation (ozone dosage of 4.0 mg / L) and periodate (dosage of 14.0 mg / L) oxidation showed that single ozonation treatment could only remove 38.3% of 2-MIB and 35.4% of GSM, and single periodate oxidation could only remove 6.7% of 2-MIB and 8.4% of GSM.

[0050] Example 11:

[0051] Laboratory-scale water preparation experiments were carried out. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was adjusted to 6.0, the water temperature was 22 °C, and some dissolved solids were additionally added with an initial dissolved solid content of 1225 mg / L. The ozonation / sodium periodate advanced oxidation technology was used for treatment. First, 15.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 4.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 1.19:1. After 10 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 9.2 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 90.8%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 8.3 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 91.7%.

[0052] Example 12:

[0053] Laboratory-scale water preparation experiments were carried out. 2-MIB and GSM at a concentration of 100 ng / L each were added to pure water. The pH of the water body was adjusted to 6.5, the water temperature was 22 °C, and some dissolved solids were additionally added with an initial dissolved solid content of 1225 mg / L. The ozonation / sodium periodate advanced oxidation technology was used for treatment. First, 12.0 mg / L of sodium periodate was added. After mixing evenly, 4.0 mg / L of ozone was added. The uniform dispersion of ozone was achieved through titanium plate aeration. The molar ratio of ozone to sodium periodate added was 1.49:1. After 10 minutes of treatment, water quality analysis showed that the concentration of 2-MIB decreased to 13.9 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 86.1%, and the concentration of GSM decreased to 14.2 ng / L with a removal rate as high as 85.8%.

Claims

1. A method for homogeneously removing odorants in water by ozone / periodate, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Adding ozone (O3) and periodate (IO4-) to the water body containing odor substances; adjusting the pH value of the water body to 6.0 - 8.0; reacting for 3 - 10 minutes under the condition of 0 - 35 °C; wherein the molar ratio of O3 to IO4- is 1:2 - 10:1, the ozone dosage is 2.0 - 8.0 mg / L, and the periodate dosage is 3.0 - 15.0 mg / L.

2. The method for homogeneously removing odorant substances in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the water temperature is 10 - 35 °C and the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body < 1000 mg / L, the ozone dosage is 2.0 - 6.0 mg / L, and the periodate dosage is 3.0 - 12.0 mg / L.

3. The method for homogeneous removal of odorants in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the water temperature is 0 - 10 °C and the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body < 1000 mg / L, the ozone dosage is 6.0 - 8.0 mg / L.

4. The method for homogeneous removal of odor-causing substances in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the water body ≥ 1000 mg / L, the periodate dosage is 12 - 15 mg / L, and the pH is controlled to be 6.0 - 7.

0.

5. The method for homogeneous removal of odorants in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The periodate is at least one of sodium periodate (NaIO4) and potassium periodate (KIO4).

6. The method for homogeneous removal of odorant substances in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The odor substances include at least one of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM).

7. The method for homogeneous removal of odorants in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial concentration range of odor substances in the water body is 30 - 300 ng / L.

8. The method for homogeneous removal of odorants in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ozone is directly introduced into the water body through an ozone generator or dispersed in the form of fine bubbles through a microporous diffuser.

9. The method for homogeneous removal of odor-causing substances in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the reaction process, continuous stirring or aeration is carried out.

10. The method for homogeneous removal of odor-causing substances in water by ozone / periodate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is realized by constructing a multi-stage reaction zone: (1) The first-stage reaction zone: a periodate dosing and mixing zone; (2) The second-stage reaction zone: ozone is aerated through a titanium plate aeration disk or a microporous diffuser to achieve full gas-liquid mixing and strengthen the generation of ·OH and IO3·; (3) The third-stage reaction zone: the odor substances in the water are efficiently degraded to achieve the odor removal target.

Images