Potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of biomass resource utilization, and particularly discloses a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid leaf fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid leaf fertilizer is prepared from, by mass, refined wood vinegar, forest branch and leaf fermented biogas slurry, potassium humate, a water-soluble potash fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, urea, glycerol, a leaf fertilizer green auxiliary and water; the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer is prepared at low cost by combining a pyrolysis byproduct wood vinegar of an agriculture and forestry biomass resource, the wood branch and leaf fermentation biogas slurry and potassium humate, and the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer can be used for improving the utilization rate of a potassium fertilizer, increasing the crop yield and improving the crop quality for crops such as melons, fruits, vegetables and field cereals; especially, the leaf fertilizer green auxiliary agent is added, so that the complexing ability to potassium is improved, the permeability of the fertilizer liquid is greatly improved, and the loss of the fertilizer liquid is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biomass resource utilization, and particularly to a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the global attention to the ecological environment and the green management of agriculture has been increasing, with a clear focus on the green transformation and development of agriculture, which has also led to a continuous rise in the popularity of biomass green fertilizers. Wood vinegar is an organic product obtained by condensing and recovering the flue gas after high-temperature carbonization or dry distillation of forestry and agricultural biomass raw materials such as wood. It contains dozens of organic substances such as organic acids, phenols, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and furans, as well as various trace elements and vitamins B1 and B2. After the crude wood vinegar is refined, the content of wood tar can be significantly reduced, making it more suitable for foliar spraying. The refined wood vinegar has the functions of promoting crop photosynthesis, accelerating leaf growth, slowing down leaf senescence, disinfecting the soil, and preventing and controlling pests and diseases. The biogas slurry produced by the solid-state anaerobic fermentation of forest tree branches and leaves contains various organic substances such as humic acid, sugar, and aldehyde, which can chelate with trace elements and is suitable for use as a chelating assistant for nutrient foliar fertilizers. The reasonable development of wood vinegar and the biogas slurry of forest tree branches and leaves can not only improve the high-value utilization of forestry and agricultural biomass, but also solve the prominent problems of resource and environmental constraints, adding a boost to the realization of the "dual carbon" goal.

[0003] Potassium element has the functions of ensuring the smooth progress of various metabolic processes, promoting plant growth, enhancing the ability to resist pests, diseases and lodging. Humic acid is a macromolecular organic substance widely existing in nature and is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine and health, and environmental protection. The water-insoluble property of humic acid limits its development in the direction of water-soluble fertilizers. Therefore, most water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid exist in the form of humate. Potassium humate is an organic potassium fertilizer, which can increase the potassium content in the soil, reduce the loss and fixation of potassium, increase the absorption and utilization rate of potassium by crops, and also has the functions of improving the soil, promoting crop growth, enhancing the stress resistance of crops, improving the quality of crops, and protecting the agricultural ecological environment.

[0004] The Chinese Patent Database with the patent number CN102167635A discloses a humic acid plant growth nutrient-efficient foliar fertilizer and its preparation method. This foliar fertilizer consists of sodium humate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace elements, chelating agents, functional auxiliaries, neem seed preparations, and surfactants. The selected chelating agent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The Chinese Patent Database with the patent number CN109251082A discloses a humic acid foliar fertilizer and its preparation method, in which the humic acid extracted by microbial fermentation forms complexes or chelates with trace elements for foliar spraying. The Chinese Patent Database with the patent number CN107244989A discloses a mulberry leaf foliar fertilizer and its production method. This foliar fertilizer consists of superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, wood vinegar, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelated iron. The above chelating agents are all ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Such chelating agents are difficult to biodegrade and have a negative impact on the environment, which does not conform to the concept of green development. Moreover, the binding ratio of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a chelating agent to potassium ions is 1:1, and the complexation degree with potassium ions is relatively low, resulting in the loss of potassium elements. At the same time, there are also disadvantages such as a long product preparation cycle, redundant raw materials, and low nutrient content. Currently, the following pain points exist in humic acid-containing foliar fertilizers:

[0005] (1) The foliar fertilizer is prone to dripping from the leaf surface, resulting in a low nutrient penetration rate when the leaf surface absorbs the fertilizer solution. In particular, it is more difficult for leaves with a thick cuticle to absorb nutrient components.

[0006] (2) The chelating agents in the foliar fertilizer are all ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Such chelating agents are difficult to biodegrade and have a negative impact on the environment, which does not conform to the concept of green development.

[0007] (3) Most humic acid-containing foliar fertilizers add plant growth regulators, resulting in obvious growth after spraying on many crops. However, in the later stage, there are often phenomena such as lush branches and leaves and poor fruit quality. In addition, the addition of plant hormones will also have an impact on human health.

[0008] (4) There are many types of humic acid-containing foliar fertilizers, and the prices vary widely. There are problems such as complex preparation processes, low nutrient content, and poor environmental protection, which further lead to an insignificant effect on increasing crop yield and income.

[0009] Therefore, it is particularly important to adopt a green chelation strategy to provide a high-quality, hormone-free, and green humic acid foliar fertilizer. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer and its preparation method to solve the problems of high-value utilization of agricultural and forestry biomass resources, low nutrient content of humic acid-based foliar fertilizers, non-green and environmentally unfriendly chelating agents, and poor permeability of foliar fertilizers.

[0011] Another purpose of the present invention is to improve the complexation degree of potassium ions with the components in the foliar fertilizer and reduce the loss of potassium elements.

[0012] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A potassium-rich type wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, by mass components, includes the following components: refined wood vinegar, forest tree branches and leaves biogas slurry, potassium humate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, urea, glycerol, foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent and water.

[0013] Preferably, it includes the following components: 20-30 parts of refined wood vinegar, 15-20 parts of forest tree branches and leaves fermented biogas slurry, 6-10 parts of potassium humate, 4-5 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 5-8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 parts of urea, 2-3 parts of glycerol, 0.5-1 part of foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent and 30-50 parts of water.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is: Let the crude wood vinegar stand for 2-3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter it after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 hours to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of straw activated carbon is 3%-8% of the mass of the wood vinegar.

[0015] Preferably, the refined wood vinegar includes 13 kinds of acids, accounting for 25.78%; 17 kinds of phenols, accounting for 9.49%; 15 kinds of ketones in total, accounting for 3.05%; 9 kinds of esters, accounting for 1.53%; 6 kinds of alcohols, accounting for 0.69%; The pH of the refined wood vinegar is 3.81, the density is 1.016 g / mL, and the color is clarified tawny.

[0016] Preferably, the forest tree branches and leaves fermented biogas slurry is obtained by treating broad-leaved wood branches and leaves through solid-state anaerobic fermentation technology

[0017] and leaves, stirring at a temperature of 25-40 °C for 30-90 min, and then obtaining it through precipitation, filtration and concentration.

[0018] Preferably, the potassium humate is prepared by alkalization of humic acid and potassium hydroxide. Among them, the humic acid is derived from the purified product of forest tree branches and leaves biogas residue fermentation, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 2.5%-3%.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of the potassium humate is: Dissolve 5-10 parts of humic acid in 10-15 parts of potassium hydroxide solution with a certain concentration, then place it in a constant temperature magnetic stirring water bath pot and stir for 40-50 min, the water bath temperature is 70-90 °C. After the reaction is completed, let it stand for filtration and cool to room temperature, and then slowly pour it into a surface dish and place it in an oven to dry for standby.

[0020] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent is one or a combination of several of alkyl glycoside, sodium lignosulfonate, decyl glucoside, orange peel essential oil, green tangerine peel oil, and citrus essential oil.

[0021] Preferably, the water-soluble potassium fertilizer includes one or more of potassium nitrate, potassium formate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium tripolyphosphate.

[0022] A preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0023] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5 after ultrasonic treatment for 10 - 15 minutes for standby, and the pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0024] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer, and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer, and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution;

[0025] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 50 - 60 °C, keep the magnetic stirring speed at 300 - 400 r / min, and the reaction time is 40 - 50 minutes. Add the foliar fertilizer green chelating agent 10 minutes before the reaction ends to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0026] Preferably, the potassium-rich humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the above method is diluted 400 - 800 times with water for use.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention combines the pyrolysis by-product wood vinegar of agricultural and forestry biomass resources with potassium humate to prepare the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer at low cost, targeting crops such as fruits, vegetables, and field grains. The refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry contain dozens of organic components, and also contain various trace elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ge, Mn, Fe, and vitamins B1 and B2, which can promote plant growth, sterilize, and expel insects. The humic acid is an extract of forest tree branch and leaf fermentation biogas residue, and potassium humate can promote the development of crop roots and improve the drought and cold resistance of crops. At the same time, potassium humate can absorb and store potassium ions, improve the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer, increase fertilizer efficiency, improve crop yield and quality, which is equivalent to playing a role in slowly releasing potassium ions. In addition, a foliar fertilizer green chelating agent is specially added to increase the complexing ability of potassium, greatly improve the permeability of the fertilizer solution, and reduce the loss of the fertilizer solution. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of the growth of water spinach three weeks after spraying. In the figure, a is Comparative Example 1; b is Comparative Example 2; c is Comparative Example 3; d is Example 4;

[0029] Figure 2It is an ecological parameter diagram of water spinach. In the diagram, a is the chlorophyll content; b is the catalase content; c is the peroxidase content; d is the malondialdehyde content; CK is Comparative Example 1; WV is Comparative Example 2; Market is Comparative Example 3; This work is Example 4. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] By referring to the accompanying drawings, a more complete understanding of the components, methods, and devices disclosed herein can be obtained. These drawings are merely schematic representations for the convenience and ease of illustration of the present disclosure and are therefore not intended to indicate the relative sizes and dimensions of the device or its components, and / or are not intended to define or limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0031] Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the specific structures of the embodiments selected for illustration in the drawings and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the drawings and the following description, it should be understood that like numerical reference numerals represent components having the same function.

[0032] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, nouns without a quantifier and nouns modified by "the" include singular and plural referents.

[0033] As used in the specification and claims, the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "can", "containing", and their variants are open transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of the specified component / step and allow the presence of other components / steps. However, such a description should also be construed as describing the composition or method as "consisting of" and "essentially consisting of" the listed components / steps, which allows only the presence of the specified component / step and any inevitable impurities that may result therefrom, and excludes other components / steps.

[0034] The numerical values in the specification and claims of this application should be understood to include the same numerical values when reduced to the same number of significant figures and numerical values that differ from the said values by less than the experimental error of the conventional measurement techniques used to determine the said values of the type described in this application.

[0035] All ranges disclosed herein include the indicated endpoints and can be combined independently (e.g., the range "2 grams to 10 grams" includes the endpoints 2 grams and 10 grams, and all intermediate values).

[0036] The terms "about" and "approximate" may be used to include any numerical value that may vary without changing the basic function of that value. When used with a range, "about" and "approximate" also disclose the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, "about 2 to about 4" also discloses the range of "2 to 4". Generally, the terms "about" and "approximate" may refer to ±10% of the indicated number. However, for temperature, the term "about" means ±1 °C.

[0037] Unless otherwise expressly specified, percentages of elements shall be considered as weight percentages of the alloy.

[0038] This disclosure may relate to the temperature of certain method steps. It should be noted that these indicators generally refer to the temperature set by a heat source (such as a furnace), rather than necessarily the temperature that the heated material must reach.

[0039] The present invention provides a potassium-rich type wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, which, by mass components, includes the following components: 20 - 30 parts of refined wood vinegar, 15 - 20 parts of forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry, 6 - 10 parts of potassium humate, 4 - 5 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 - 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 - 15 parts of urea, 2 - 3 parts of glycerol, 0.5 - 1 part of foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent, and 30 - 50 parts of water;

[0040] Among them, the preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is: allowing the crude wood vinegar to stand for 2 - 3 months to naturally stratify, then extracting the middle clarified solution, and filtering after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 h to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of the straw activated carbon is 3% - 8% of the mass of the wood vinegar;

[0041] The refined wood vinegar includes 13 kinds of acids, accounting for 25.78%; 17 kinds of phenols, accounting for 9.49%; 15 kinds of ketones in total, accounting for 3.05%; 9 kinds of esters, accounting for 1.53%; 6 kinds of alcohols, accounting for 0.69%; the pH of the refined wood vinegar is 3.81, the density is 1.016 g / mL, and the color is clarified tawny;

[0042] The forest tree branch and leaf fermented biogas slurry is obtained by treating broadleaf tree branches and leaves through solid-state anaerobic fermentation technology,

[0043] stirring at a temperature of 25 - 40 °C for 30 - 90 min, and then obtaining it through precipitation, filtration, and concentration.

[0044] The potassium humate is prepared by alkalization of humic acid and potassium hydroxide. Among them, the humic acid is derived from the purified product of forest tree branch and leaf biogas residue fermentation, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 2.5% - 3%;

[0045] The preparation method of the potassium humate is as follows: Take 5-10 parts of humic acid and dissolve it in 10-15 parts of potassium hydroxide solution with a certain concentration. Then place it in a constant temperature magnetic stirring water bath and stir for 40-50 minutes. The water bath temperature is 70-90 °C. After the reaction is completed, let it stand for filtration and cool to room temperature. Then slowly pour it into a petri dish and dry it in an oven for standby;

[0046] The foliar fertilizer adjuvant is one or a combination of several of alkyl glucoside, sodium lignosulfonate, decyl glucoside, orange peel essential oil, green tangerine peel essential oil, and citrus essential oil.

[0047] The present invention provides a preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, which includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5 after ultrasonic treatment for 10-15 minutes for use. The pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0049] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution;

[0050] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 50-60 °C, keep the magnetic stirring speed at 300-400 r / min, and the reaction time is 40-50 minutes. Add the foliar fertilizer green adjuvant 10 minutes before the end of the reaction to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0051] The potassium-rich humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the above method can be diluted 300-800 times with water for use.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] A potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, calculated by mass components, includes the following components: 20 parts of refined wood vinegar, 15 parts of forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry, 6 parts of potassium humate, 3 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of glycerol, 10 parts of urea, 0.5 part of foliar fertilizer green adjuvant and 30 parts of water.

[0054] Among them, the foliar fertilizer green adjuvant is alkyl glucoside.

[0055] The preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is as follows: Let the crude wood vinegar stand for 3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter it after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 hours to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of the straw activated carbon is 5% of the mass of the wood vinegar.

[0056] A preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 7 after ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes and set aside, and the pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0058] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in turn. When adding, wait until the urea is completely dissolved, and then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in turn for dissolution;

[0059] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 50 °C, keep the magnetic stirring speed at 300 r / min, and the reaction time is 40 minutes. Add the foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent 10 minutes before the end of the reaction to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0060] Applying the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 1 to water spinach can promote the plant height to increase by 13.3%, the fresh weight to increase by 6.5%, the root length to increase by 8.3%, and the number of leaves to increase by 50%.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] A potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, calculated by mass components, comprises the following components: 22 parts of refined wood vinegar, 15 parts of forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry, 6 parts of potassium humate, 4 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of glycerol, 15 parts of urea, 1 part of foliar fertilizer green auxiliary agent and 25 parts of water.

[0063] Among them, the foliar fertilizer auxiliary agent is sodium lignosulfonate;

[0064] The preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is: let the crude wood vinegar stand for 3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter it after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 hours to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of the straw activated carbon is 6% of the mass of the wood vinegar;

[0065] A preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0066] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 7 after ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes and set aside, and the pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0067] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after the urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution;

[0068] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar liquid and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 55 °C, keep the magnetic stirring speed at 300 r / min, and the reaction time is 45 min. Add the foliar fertilizer green assistant 10 min before the end of the reaction to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar liquid humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0069] Applying the potassium-rich wood vinegar liquid humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 2 to water spinach can promote the plant height to increase by 12.7%, the fresh weight to increase by 7.2%, the root length to increase by 6.8%, and the number of leaves to increase by 54%.

[0070] Example 3:

[0071] A potassium-rich wood vinegar liquid humic acid foliar fertilizer, by mass components, includes the following components: 25 parts of refined wood vinegar liquid, 17 parts of forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry, 8 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of glycerol, 12 parts of urea, 0.5 part of foliar fertilizer green assistant and 35 parts of water.

[0072] Among them, the foliar fertilizer assistant is alkyl glucoside;

[0073] The preparation method of the refined wood vinegar liquid is: Let the crude wood vinegar liquid stand for 3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 h to obtain the refined wood vinegar liquid. The addition amount of straw activated carbon is 7% of the mass of the wood vinegar liquid;

[0074] A preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar liquid humic acid foliar fertilizer, includes the following steps:

[0075] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 7 after ultrasonic treatment for 10 min for standby, and the used pH regulator is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0076] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after the urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution;

[0077] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 60 °C, maintain the magnetic stirring speed at 300 r / min, and the reaction time is 50 min. Add the foliar fertilizer green additive 10 min before the end of the reaction to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0078] Applying the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 3 to water spinach can promote a 14.5% increase in plant height, a 7.9% increase in fresh weight, a 9.4% increase in root length, and a 56% increase in the number of leaves.

[0079] Example 4:

[0080] A potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, by mass components, includes the following components: 20 parts of refined wood vinegar, 20 parts of forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry, 10 parts of potassium humate, 5 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of glycerol, 16 parts of urea, 1 part of foliar fertilizer green additive, and 30 parts of water. [[ID=,11]]

[0081] Among them, the foliar fertilizer additive is alkyl polyglycoside;

[0082] The preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is: let the crude wood vinegar stand for 3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter it after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 h to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of the straw activated carbon is 8% of the mass of the wood vinegar;

[0083] A preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0084] S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 7 after ultrasonic treatment for 15 min for standby, and the pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution;

[0085] S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after the urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution;

[0086] S3: After the dissolution in S2 is completed, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 60 °C, maintain the magnetic stirring speed at 500 r / min, and the reaction time is 45 min. Add the foliar fertilizer green additive 10 min before the end of the reaction to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

[0087] Applying the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 4 to water spinach can promote a 15.2% increase in plant height, an 8.6% increase in fresh weight, an 8.7% increase in root length, and a 60% increase in the number of leaves.

[0088] Comparative Example 1:

[0089] Spray water on water spinach, and spray after three leaves have unfolded.

[0090] Comparative Example 2:

[0091] Use diluted refined wood vinegar liquid and spray it on water spinach after three leaves have unfolded.

[0092] Comparative Example 3:

[0093] Use a commercially available foliar fertilizer and spray it on water spinach after three leaves have unfolded.

[0094] Conduct experimental tests on the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Select water spinach with consistent growth. When treating, evenly spray the fertilizer solution on both the front and back of the water spinach until it drips; spray a 400-fold dilution of the fertilizer solution every 3 days during the seedling stage. The experimental results are as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Table 1 show:

[0095] Table 1 Ecological Index Test of Water Spinach Three Weeks after Spraying

[0096]

[0097] It can be seen from Figure 1 that after spraying water spinach for three weeks, Example 4 is significantly more leafy than Comparative Examples 1-3, and there is no obvious yellow leaf phenomenon; Table 1 is the ecological index test of the plants three weeks later. It can be seen from Table 1 that the water spinach grows more lushly after spraying the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 4 compared with Comparative Examples 1-3; it can be seen from Figure 2 the enzyme activity test in that the chlorophyll content of the water spinach sprayed with the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 4 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, and the catalase content and peroxidase content are also higher, which can effectively improve the photosynthesis of water spinach and promote the metabolism in the plant. The malondialdehyde content is also relatively low, basically the same as that of Comparative Examples 1-3, indicating that spraying the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 4 will not affect the growth environment of water spinach.

[0098] Usage method:

[0099] When the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer of the present invention is used, it can be diluted by adding 300 - 800 parts by weight of water to 1 part by weight of the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer; for non-fruit tree crops, when there are more than 5 leaves, it is diluted 400 - 600 times and sprayed to promote growth; during the growth period, the fertilizer solution diluted 400 times can be sprayed to timely supplement nutrient elements; it is sprayed once every 10 - 15 days, and is sprayed after 10 am or 4 pm. It is not suitable to apply in windy weather, rainy days or under strong sunlight to avoid fertilizer damage, and it cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides and alkaline fertilizers.

[0100] Another usage method of the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer of the present invention is for fruit tree crops. Before flowering, a 600-fold dilution solution can be sprayed, once every 3 weeks; during the growth period, a 275 - 300-fold dilution solution can be sprayed to timely supplement nutrient elements, once every 10 - 15 days; the spraying method is to spray after 4 pm. It is not suitable to apply in windy weather, rainy days or under strong sunlight to avoid fertilizer damage, and it cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides and alkaline fertilizers.

[0101] In the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer of the present invention, the refined wood vinegar and forest tree branch and leaf biogas slurry contain substances such as acids and phenols, which can stimulate plants and promote plant growth, and also have the effect of expelling insects; in addition, potassium humate can promote the development of crop roots and improve the drought and cold resistance of crops. The leaf surface is covered by a waxy layer and a cutin layer as the outer wall of leaf epidermal cells. The waxy layer has a hydrophobic function, and the foliar fertilizer adjuvant added in the present invention can moisten the leaves, penetrate the fertilizer solution, and has the effect of prolonging the fertilizer efficiency. In addition, the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer of the present invention can also be used for root irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer, and the dilution multiple is 300 - 500 times.

[0102] The foliar fertilizer provided by the present invention is applicable to various crops, including but not limited to:

[0103] 1. Melons: Muskmelon, Honeydew melon, etc.

[0104] 2. Fruits: Apples, Pears, Various fruit trees, etc.

[0105] 3. Vegetables: Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Beans and various leafy vegetables.

[0106] 4. Cereals: Corn, Sorghum, Buckwheat, etc.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes the following components: 20 - 30 parts of refined wood vinegar, 15 - 20 parts of forest tree branches and leaves fermented biogas slurry, 6 - 10 parts of potassium humate, 4 - 5 parts of water-soluble potassium fertilizer, 5 - 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 - 15 parts of urea, 2 - 3 parts of glycerol, 0.5 - 1 part of foliar fertilizer green assistant, and 30 - 50 parts of water.

2. The potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wood vinegar is derived from the dry distillation process of mixed woods such as birch and poplar. The preparation method of the refined wood vinegar is as follows: Let the crude wood vinegar stand for 2 - 3 months to naturally stratify, then extract the middle clarified solution, and filter it after adsorbing with straw activated carbon for 24 h to obtain the refined wood vinegar. The addition amount of straw activated carbon is 3% - 8% of the mass of the wood vinegar.

3. The potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refined wood vinegar includes 13 kinds of acids, accounting for 25.78%; 17 kinds of phenols, accounting for 9.49%; 15 kinds of ketones in total, accounting for 3.05%; 9 kinds of esters, accounting for 1.53%; 6 kinds of alcohols, accounting for 0.69%. The pH of the refined wood vinegar is 3.81, the density is 1.016 g / mL, and the color is clarified tawny.

4. The potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest tree branches and leaves fermented biogas slurry is prepared by treating broad-leaved wood branches and leaves with solid-state anaerobic fermentation technology. At a fermentation temperature of 25 - 40 °C, stir for 30 - 90 min, and then obtain it through precipitation, filtration, and concentration.

5. The potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potassium humate is prepared by alkalization of humic acid and potassium hydroxide. Among them, the humic acid is derived from the purified product of forest tree branches and leaves biogas residue fermentation, and the mass fraction of potassium hydroxide is 2.5% - 3%.

6. The potassium-rich type wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the potassium humate is as follows: Take 5 - 10 parts of humic acid and dissolve it in 10 - 15 parts of a certain concentration of potassium hydroxide solution, then place it in a constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath pot and stir for 40 - 50 min. The water bath temperature is 70 - 90 °C. After the reaction ends, let it stand for filtration and cool to room temperature, and then slowly pour it into a watch glass and dry it in an oven for standby.

7. The potassium-rich type wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer assistant is one or a combination of alkyl glycoside, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, decyl glucoside, orange peel essential oil, green mandarin oil, and citrus essential oil.

8. The water-soluble potassium fertilizer according to claim 1 includes one or several of potassium nitrate, potassium formate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium tripolyphosphate.

9. The preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Take potassium humate according to the formula ratio, dissolve the potassium humate powder in a certain amount of ultrapure water, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5 after ultrasonic treatment for 10 - 15 min for standby. The pH regulator used is glacial acetic acid solution. S2: Take urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer, and glycerol according to the formula ratio, and pour urea, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium fertilizer, and glycerol into the potassium humate solution in sequence. When adding, after urea is completely dissolved, then add ammonium sulfate and water-soluble potassium fertilizer in sequence for dissolution. S3: After the dissolution in S2 ends, add a certain amount of refined wood vinegar and forest tree branches and leaves fermented biogas slurry according to the formula ratio for a water bath reaction. The water bath temperature is 50 - 60 °C, keep the magnetic stirring speed at 300 - 400 r / min, and the reaction time is 40 - 50 min. Add the foliar fertilizer assistant 10 min before the reaction ends to obtain the potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer.

10. The preparation method of a potassium-rich wood vinegar humic acid foliar fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The potassium-rich humic acid foliar fertilizer prepared by the above method is diluted 400 - 800 times with water before use.

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