Degradable minimal quantity lubricating cutting oil as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to degradable minimal quantity lubrication cutting oil which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of vegetable oil, 30-70 parts of synthetic ester, 0.1-1 part of an antioxidant, 0.5-3 parts of an extreme pressure agent and 0.1-1 part of a low oil mist inhibitor. The invention also relates to a preparation method and application of the degradable minimal quantity lubrication cutting oil. The minimal quantity lubrication cutting oil provided by the invention adopts the vegetable oil and the synthetic ester with high degradation rate as main components, does not adopt sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents which are unfriendly to the environment, has good biodegradability and extreme pressure antiwear property, and can keep a good processing environment by adding the low oil mist inhibitor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of micro-lubricating oil for cutting processing, and particularly relates to a degradable micro-lubricating cutting oil, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Clean cutting has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection, sustainable development, and ecological balance, and is one of the frontiers and important growth points of manufacturing technology. The micro-lubrication technology (MQL), namely the micro-lubrication technology of micron atomization of lubricating oil, is one of the main development directions of clean cutting. Compared with the traditional cutting fluid lubrication method, micro-lubrication can efficiently cool and lubricate, save the consumption of cutting fluid, reduce the purchase cost of cutting fluid and the wastewater treatment cost, purify the working environment, and reduce the harm to human health.

[0003] Due to the small usage amount of micro-lubricating cutting oil, generally the spraying amount is not higher than 50 ml / h, there are problems of poor lubrication and cooling. In order to solve the lubricity problem, sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents that are not friendly to the environment are usually used excessively. At the same time, because it is directly sprayed into the environment in an atomized manner, it is urgent to strengthen the research on environmentally friendly and degradable micro-lubricating cutting oil. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a degradable micro-lubricating cutting oil, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0005] Therefore, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a degradable micro-lubricating cutting oil, and by mass, its components include: 30-60 parts by mass of vegetable oil, 30-70 parts by mass of synthetic ester, 0.1-1 part by mass of antioxidant, 0.5-3 parts by mass of extreme pressure agent, and 0.1-1 part by mass of low oil mist inhibitor.

[0006] The micro-lubricating cutting oil obtained by compounding the vegetable oil and synthetic ester with high degradation rate as the main components with an antioxidant, an extreme pressure agent, and a low oil mist inhibitor has good biodegradability and extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. At the same time, a low oil mist inhibitor is added to maintain a good processing environment.

[0007] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the degradable micro-lubricating cutting oil provided by the present invention, by mass, its components include: 30-60 parts by mass of vegetable oil, 35-70 parts by mass of synthetic ester, 0.2-1 part by mass of antioxidant, 0.5-3 parts by mass of extreme pressure agent, and 0.2-1 part by mass of low oil mist inhibitor.

[0008] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the vegetable oil includes at least one of soybean oil and palm oil.

[0009] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the synthetic ester includes at least one of methyl palmitate, pentaerythritol oleate, isooctyl stearate, and trimethylolpropane oleate.

[0010] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and alkyl diphenylamine.

[0011] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the extreme pressure agent includes at least one of tributyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphite.

[0012] In the micro-lubrication cutting oil of the present invention, sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents that are not environmentally friendly are not used as extreme pressure agents. While having good extreme pressure and anti-wear properties, it is environmentally friendly.

[0013] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the low oil mist inhibitor includes at least one of polyisobutene, hexene-propylene copolymer, and polyacrylate.

[0014] Therefore, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil, including the following steps: heating and mixing vegetable oil, synthetic ester, antioxidant, extreme pressure agent, and low oil mist inhibitor to obtain the degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil.

[0015] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method preferably includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Heating and uniformly mixing vegetable oil, synthetic ester, and extreme pressure agent to obtain a first mixture;

[0017] S2: Adding an antioxidant to the first mixture obtained in step S1, heating and uniformly mixing to obtain a second mixture;

[0018] S3: Adding a low oil mist inhibitor to the second mixture obtained in step S2, heating and uniformly mixing to obtain the degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil.

[0019] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the heating temperature is independently 50-60°C; the mixing method independently includes stirring, the stirring rate is preferably 300-800 rmp, and the stirring time is preferably 20-40 min.

[0020] Therefore, in a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil in micro-lubrication cutting processing.

[0021] The above raw materials in the present invention can be prepared by oneself or obtained commercially, and the present invention does not make special limitations on this.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. Compared with the prior art, the micro-lubrication cutting oil of the present invention uses vegetable oil and synthetic ester with high degradation rate as the main components, and does not use sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents that are not environmentally friendly. It has good biodegradability and extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. At the same time, a low oil mist inhibitor is added to maintain a good processing environment.

[0024] 2. The preparation process of the present invention is simple and the reaction time is short. Specific Embodiments

[0025] The following will describe the implementation embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. For those not specified in the embodiments, the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This example provides a preparation method of a degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0028] S1: Add 30.0 parts by mass of soybean oil, 68.8 parts by mass of methyl palmitate, and 0.5 parts by mass of tributyl phosphate into a blending kettle, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 minutes until it is transparent and homogeneous to obtain a first mixture;

[0029] S2: Add 0.2 parts by mass of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol to the first mixture obtained in step S1, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 minutes until it is transparent and homogeneous to obtain a second mixture;

[0030] S3: Add 0.5 parts by mass of polyisobutene to the second mixture obtained in step S2, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 minutes until it is transparent and homogeneous to obtain the degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] This example provides a preparation method of a degradable micro-lubrication cutting oil, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0033] S1: Add 40.0 parts by mass of soybean oil, 58 parts by mass of pentaerythritol oleate, and 1.0 parts by mass of tricresyl phosphate into a blending kettle, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 minutes until it is transparent and homogeneous to obtain a first mixture;

[0034] S2: Add 0.5 part by mass of alkyldiphenylamine to the first mixture obtained in step S1, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain a second mixture;

[0035] S3: Add 0.5 part by mass of hexene - propylene copolymer to the second mixture obtained in step S2, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain the degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] This example provides a preparation method of a degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] S1: Add 50.0 parts by mass of soybean oil, 46.5 parts by mass of isooctyl stearate, and 2.0 parts by mass of dibutyl phosphite to a blending kettle, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain a first mixture;

[0039] S2: Add 0.5 part by mass of 2,6 - di - tert - butyl - p - cresol to the first mixture obtained in step S1, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain a second mixture;

[0040] S3: Add 1 part by mass of polyacrylate to the second mixture obtained in step S2, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain the degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] This example provides a preparation method of a degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] S1: Add 60.0 parts by mass of palm oil, 36.3 parts by mass of trimethylolpropane oleate, and 3 parts by mass of tributyl phosphate to a blending kettle, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain a first mixture;

[0044] S2: Add 0.5 part by mass of alkyldiphenylamine to the first mixture obtained in step S1, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous to obtain a second mixture;

[0045] S3: Add 0.2 parts by mass of polyisobutene to the second mixture obtained in step S2, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous, thereby obtaining the degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] This example provides a preparation method for a degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0048] S1: Add 40.0 parts by mass of palm oil, 57.5 parts by mass of methyl palmitate, and 1.0 part by mass of tricresyl phosphate to a blending kettle, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous, thereby obtaining a first mixture;

[0049] S2: Add 1.0 part by mass of 2,6 - di - tert - butyl - p - cresol to the first mixture obtained in step S1, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous, thereby obtaining a second mixture;

[0050] S3: Add 0.5 part by mass of polyacrylate to the second mixture obtained in step S2, and stir at a speed of 500 rmp at 50°C - 60°C for more than 20 min until it becomes transparent and homogeneous, thereby obtaining the degradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

[0051] Test Example 1

[0052] Apply the minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil obtained in Example 1 of the present invention and the commercially available products of Comparative Examples 1 - 2 (Comparative Example 1 is commercially available minimum quantity lubricating oil W10, and Comparative Example 2 is commercially available minimum quantity lubricating oil W40) to the cutting process. The specific process parameters of the cutting process are as follows:

[0053] Test equipment: CAK3665 CNC lathe (Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Works),

[0054] Test device: LTL external minimum quantity lubrication device,

[0055] Test instrument: Roughness measuring instrument TR200, sampling length is 0.8 mm; oil mist collection device (FA - 3 type eight - stage aerosol distribution sampler),

[0056] Specimen: 45# round steel specimen (250 mm × Φ70 mm),

[0057] Cutting tool: Diamond turning tool, chamfer 0.8 mm,

[0058] Cutting test conditions: Spindle speed r = 900 r / min, feed rate f = 0.2 mm / r, depth of cut a p= 0.2 mm, target distance 20 mm, air pressure 0.5 MPa, fuel injection rate 10 ml / h.

[0059] Surface roughness results and in-process oil mist concentration (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ) results of three kinds of minimum quantity lubrication cutting oils are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1 Test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0061] Sample Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Roughness / μm 1.363 1.365 1.371 1.368 1.373 1.385 1.396 <![CDATA[PM 2.5 > 1.602 1.796 2.052 1.925 2.194 2.404 2.530 <![CDATA[PM 10 > 3.045 3.245 3.346 3.294 3.412 3.525 3.953

[0062] After testing, under the same processing conditions, after machining with the minimum quantity lubrication cutting oils of Examples 1-5, the surface roughness of the specimens is lower than that when using the commercially available products of Comparative Examples 1-2, and the in-process oil mist concentrations PM 2.5 and PM 10 are also lower than those of the commercially available products of Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0063] Test Example 2

[0064] A biodegradability test was conducted on the biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0065] Test method: GB / T 21856-2008 Test for rapid degradability of chemicals - Carbon dioxide evolution test,

[0066] Inoculum: Activated sludge,

[0067] Test result: The average biodegradation rate on the 28th day is 86.5%, greater than 60%, reaching the passing level of rapid biodegradation.

[0068] In summary, for the minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil of the present invention, vegetable oils and synthetic esters with high degradation rates are used as the main components, and sulfur- and chlorine-containing extreme pressure agents that are not environmentally friendly are not used. It has good biodegradability and extreme pressure and anti-wear properties. At the same time, a low oil mist inhibitor is added to maintain a good processing environment.

[0069] For any numerical value mentioned in the present invention, if there is only a two-unit interval between any minimum value and any maximum value, all values increasing by one unit from the minimum value to the maximum value are included. For example, if the amount of a component, or the value of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, time, etc. is stated as 50 - 90, it means in this specification that 51 - 89, 52 - 88... as well as 69 - 71 and 70 - 71 etc. are specifically listed. For non-integer values, appropriate consideration can be given with 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 or 0.0001 as one unit. These are only some specifically indicated examples. In this application, in a similar manner, all possible combinations of numerical values between the listed minimum value and maximum value are considered to have been disclosed.

[0070] It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described by referring to typical embodiments, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory words rather than limiting words. Modifications can be made to the present invention within the scope of the claims of the present invention as stipulated, and the present invention can be revised without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention described therein relates to specific methods, materials and embodiments, it does not mean that the present invention is limited to the specific examples disclosed therein. On the contrary, the present invention can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same functions.

Claims

1. A biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil, characterized in that, In parts by mass, its components include: 30 - 60 parts by mass of vegetable oil, 30 - 70 parts by mass of synthetic ester, 0.1 - 1 part by mass of antioxidant, 0.5 - 3 parts by mass of extreme pressure agent, and 0.1 - 1 part by mass of low oil mist inhibitor.

2. The biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to claim 1, wherein The vegetable oil includes at least one of soybean oil and palm oil.

3. The biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The synthetic ester includes at least one of methyl palmitate, pentaerythritol oleate, isooctyl stearate, and trimethylolpropane oleate.

4. The biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6 - di - tert - butyl - p - cresol and alkyl diphenylamine.

5. The biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The extreme pressure agent includes at least one of tributyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and dibutyl phosphite.

6. The biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The low oil mist inhibitor includes at least one of polyisobutene, hexene - propylene copolymer, and polyacrylate.

7. A method for preparing the biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Heat and mix the vegetable oil, synthetic ester, antioxidant, extreme pressure agent, and low oil mist inhibitor to obtain a biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, This preparation method includes the following steps: S1: Heat and mix the vegetable oil, synthetic ester, and extreme pressure agent evenly to obtain a first mixture; S2: Add the antioxidant to the first mixture obtained in step S1, heat and mix evenly to obtain a second mixture; S3: Add the low oil mist inhibitor to the second mixture obtained in step S2, heat and mix evenly to obtain a biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The temperature of the heating is independently 45 - 65 °C; and / or, the mixing method independently includes stirring, the stirring rate is preferably 300 - 800 rmp, and the stirring time is preferably 20 - 40 min.

10. Application of the biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil according to any one of claims 1 - 6 or the biodegradable minimum quantity lubrication cutting oil prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 - 9 in minimum quantity lubrication cutting machining.