Method for cultivating phellinus igniarius by using mulberry and phellinus igniarius and internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

Abstract

The application discloses Sanghuangporus sanghuang, which is obtained by separating Sanghuangporus sanghuang fruiting bodies of authentic perennial wild mulberry trees, is named Sanghuangporus sanghuang CKS-327, has a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20242849, and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on December 18, 2024, and the preservation address is Wuhan University, Biaoyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. A method for cultivating Sanghuangporus sanghuang in an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system, specifically comprising the following steps: (1) continuously stressing and stimulating Sanghuangporus sanghuang mother species domestication; (2) stressing and stimulating Sanghuangporus sanghuang fungus solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent culture; (3) cultivating and culturing fresh mulberry branch segments; and (4) managing yellow production in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The application ensures that the effective active ingredients of the wild perennial Sanghuangporus sanghuang are closest, improves the medicinal value of Sanghuangporus sanghuang, and maximally and continuously transforms and utilizes mulberry branch resources and water resources to produce Sanghuangporus sanghuang, and solves the problems of great management difficulty and low transformation efficiency of high-content mulberry branch sawdust bag cultivation and production of Sanghuangporus sanghuang.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of microbial technology, and more particularly to a Sanghuangporus sanghuang and a method for cultivating Sanghuang by using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a kind of extremely rare perennial large medicinal fungi parasitizing on mulberry (Morus L.), and is known as "forest gold". With the more and more in-depth research on the anticancer mechanism and medicinal value of Sanghuang by domestic and foreign experts, Sanghuang has been widely recognized by people, and is currently one of the medicinal fungi with the best anticancer efficiency recognized internationally. The use of Sanghuang is recorded in the medical books of all dynasties since the Han Dynasty, such as the Shennong's Herbal Classic of the Han Dynasty, the Materia Medica of Tao Hongjing of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Pharmacology of Zhen Quan of the early Tang Dynasty, etc. The main functions of Sanghuang include treating dysentery, night sweat, metrorrhagia, hematuria, umbilical and abdominal pain, prolapse of the rectum, leucorrhagia, amenorrhea, diarrhea, and prolonging life, etc. Modern research shows that Sanghuang has significant effects of anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, enhancing immunity, preventing and treating rheumatoid arthritis, reducing blood lipids, inhibiting uric acid, etc., and has high medicinal value, especially in the aspect of anti-tumor, which has been proved to be superior to medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum, and has become a hot spot for research and development of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical preparations and health products, and has good economic and social benefits.

[0003] Despite the limitations of ancient technology, ancient records of Sanghuang (a type of fungus) were often brief, with varying descriptions of its name, texture, and usage. However, all ancient texts mention Sanghuang closely related to mulberry trees. Contemporary scholars such as Wu Shenghua and Dai Yucheng have conducted detailed classifications of Sanghuang fungus, clarifying that only Sanghuang growing on mulberry trees, i.e., "mulberry tree Sanghuang" (Sanghuangporus sanghuang), is the authentic Sanghuang. Authentic wild mulberry tree Sanghuang is extremely rare, with highly irregular fruiting body morphology, and its growth is extremely demanding in terms of natural environment and mulberry tree variety. In the past two decades, Sanghuang has gained increasing attention from researchers in the US, Japan, South Korea, and China due to its outstanding medicinal value. Driven by commercial interests, most of the so-called "Sanghuang" on the market, such as poplar yellow, lilac yellow, and other miscellaneous tree yellow, varies in shape and actually lacks any mulberry tree attributes. Despite being sold as "Sanghuang" or "mulberry tree Sanghuang," it is expensive, difficult for consumers to distinguish, and has gradually caused market chaos. These so-called "Sanghuang" can be basically classified into two categories: one is the fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to the Hymenochaetaceae family, such as *Syringa reticulata*, *Lonicera japonica*, *Quercus acutissima*, *Populus spp.*, and *Sanghuang of *Syringa reticulata*, which belong to the *Fodium spp.* genus; the other is the fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to the Polyporaceae family, such as *Lysimachia christinae*, *Pinus pine*, which belong to the *Fodium spp.* genus, and some miscellaneous tree fruiting bodies. Currently, the confusion surrounding Sanghuang in the consumer market and academic circles severely restricts the development of this ancient and miraculous traditional Chinese medicine in my country, making it difficult for mulberry Sanghuang to become a stable ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.

[0004] Modern health consciousness has fueled a surge in demand for Sanghuang (a type of medicinal mushroom), driving prices ever higher. Wild Sanghuang resources are extremely limited, prompting researchers to explore artificial cultivation methods. Currently, authentic Sanghuang (Sanghuangporus sanghuang) is very difficult to domesticate artificially. Even if domestication is successful, the yield and quality of the fruiting bodies are highly unstable, making large-scale commercial production difficult. Most commercially available Sanghuang is actually from species like Poplar Sanghuang and Fibriophyllum commune, which closely resemble authentic mulberry Sanghuang in appearance. These are often sold as "Sanghuang" or "mulberry Sanghuang," but their medicinal properties differ significantly from authentic mulberry Sanghuang.

[0005] Therefore, the artificial domestication of authentic mulberry tree Phellinus linteus, the full utilization of the massive resources of one-year-old mulberry branches generated by the current large-scale spring and summer pruning of mulberry orchards, and the establishment of a high-yield and stable mulberry tree Phellinus linteus cultivation and production technology system are of great significance to the healthy and stable development of the authentic mulberry tree Phellinus linteus industry, and also to the promotion of the development of this ancient and magical traditional Chinese medicine in my country. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus on mulberry trees and an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A strain of *Sanghuangporus sanghuang*, isolated from the fruiting body of a genuine perennial wild mulberry tree, was named *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* CKS-327, with accession number CCTCCNO: M 20242849. It was deposited on December 18, 2024, at the China Center for Type Culture Collection, located at Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

[0009] The isolation, screening, and identification of the *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* strain CKS-327 of this invention: The *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* strain was isolated from the fruiting bodies of perennial wild *Sanghuangporus* and named *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* CKS-327. Based on the morphology of the fruiting bodies of perennial wild *Sanghuangporus*, the morphology of the isolated mycelium, microscopic characteristics, and ITS sequence comparison results, it was found to have the highest homology with the ITS sequence of *Sanghuangporus sanghuang*. Therefore, this strain was identified as belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae, genus *Sanghuangporus*, and is a strain of *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae. It was deposited on December 18, 2024, at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), located at Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20242849. This strain of Phellinus linteus has undergone continuous purification and screening over many years, and has been domesticated and cultivated into authentic Phellinus linteus using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. In the early stage of growth on plate culture medium, the mycelium often shows a clear separation between light yellow and golden yellow colors, with other biological characteristics being consistent. The mycelium grows rapidly and vigorously, and the strain is stable and not prone to mutation. The agronomic traits of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies produced by cultivating fresh mulberry branch segments are excellent, with high content of active ingredients, which is significantly superior to authentic wild Phellinus linteus.

[0010] The 736bp ITS sequence of Sanghuangporus sanghuang CKS-327 is shown in the sequence listing SEQ ID No. 1.

[0011] This invention also proposes a method for cultivating Phellinus linteus using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system, specifically including the following steps:

[0012] (1) Domestication of Phellinus linteus mother seed under continuous stress

[0013] After activating the above-mentioned mulberry fungus mother culture, it was inoculated onto the left end of the mulberry fungus mother culture continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium. After cultivation, acclimatization and quality improvement, the fungal strains with fast growth rate, dense and vigorous growth and neat edges were selected. Under aseptic conditions, the plate was opened and blown with sterile air for 2-5 minutes every day to carry out air-drying acclimatization. The acclimatization was repeated many times until the mycelium covered the plate. Then, the fungal strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end were selected for use.

[0014] (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus

[0015] Under aseptic conditions, the strain that has been domesticated by the mother culture is inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent culture medium of Phellinus linteus, and then statically cultured in the dark, followed by fermentation culture under magnetic stirring to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent for later use.

[0016] (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments

[0017] The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus fermentation agent was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber for cultivation under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions. When more than 80% of the mycelium of the culture bag showed light yellow nodular protrusions, the culture bag was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management.

[0018] (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

[0019] After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system to continuously replenish moisture. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 5-6 cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The conditions for yellowing are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 30-40℃, the external environment of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 25-30℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 800-1500ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to dark yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained. Larger ones are harvested, and smaller ones are left.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (1) above, each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Sanghuang mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 210-230g potato, 20-22g glucose, 0.8-1.0g MgSO4, 1.0-1.5g KH2PO4, 0.3-0.5g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water. After the culture medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (1) above, each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Phellinus linteus contains the following raw materials by weight: 210-230g potato, 20-22g glucose, 0.8-1.0g MgSO4, 1.0-1.5g KH2PO4, 1.0-1.5g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (1) above, the preparation method of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium of Sanghuang mother seed is as follows: place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium at the left end into the culture dish, remove the solid culture medium at the left end that exceeds the semi-circular diameter at the bottom layer with a sterile scalpel under sterile conditions, raise the blank end of the culture dish and place it at an angle, pour the solid culture medium at the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium at the right end covers part of the solid culture medium at the junction, and solidify to obtain the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium of Sanghuang mother seed. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole at the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (1) above, the culture temperature is 26℃ and the time is 6-7 days.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2) above, each 1L of Sanghuangjun solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent culture medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 220-240g potato, 20-22g glucose, 5-8g water-soluble soybean cake powder, 0.03-0.05g Na2SeO3, 1.1-1.3g MgSO4, 1.3-1.5g KH2PO4, 0.3-0.5g mulberry root bark extract, 0.5-0.8g hydrolyzed tannins, and the remainder is water, with a pH of 6.5.

[0025] Furthermore, in step (2) above, the static culture temperature is 23℃ and the time is 12h; the magnetic stirring speed is 620rpm; the fermentation culture temperature is 26-28℃ and the time is 9-11d.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (3) above, the preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut the long mulberry branches that have just been harvested from the mulberry tree into 18-20cm wood strips, and then use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry wood strips into mulberry wood bundles as the main material for cultivation. Soak one end of the bundle in a saturated gypsum powder aqueous solution, and soak both ends of the mulberry wood bundle for 6 hours for later use. Then, prepare the auxiliary material for cultivation according to 80%-83% cork tree sawdust, 15%-18% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 45%-50% moisture content. Finally, complete the bagging of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments according to the structure of 2-3cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 18-20cm of main material in the middle, and 2-3cm of auxiliary material at the top.

[0027] The further beneficial effects of the above-mentioned method are that the culture medium for cultivating fresh mulberry branch segments of the present invention is extremely close to the supply of nutrients and active ingredients of living mulberry trees. Through the dual promotion of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of the mother plant and stress stimulation culture of Sanghuang fungus solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent, it significantly promotes the invasion and transformation of fresh mulberry bark by Sanghuang fungus and strengthens the resistance of Sanghuang fungus to stagnation or termination of growth caused by insufficient air humidity during cultivation management.

[0028] The culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments of this invention uses a three-layer structure similar to a meat sandwich, with two ends of Phellodendron amurense sawdust as an aid and the middle of fresh mulberry branch segments. Combined with the solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus, it achieves the characteristic of inoculation at one end and mycelium growth at both ends. The mycelium growth at both ends is stable and fast, and the added Phellodendron amurense active ingredients are more diverse and rich.

[0029] This invention involves inoculating one end of a culture medium containing fresh mulberry branch segments, allowing both ends to germinate almost simultaneously into the center of the culture medium. This shortens the germination time, reduces ineffective consumption of the culture medium, and effectively avoids contamination by other microorganisms.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (3) above, the inoculation time is 50-65 days.

[0031] Furthermore, in step (4) above, the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is composed of three module units. The first module unit is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thick bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle ring at the top, a dustproof air inlet near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device near the bottom on the opposite side. The second module unit is shaped like a transparent water basin, with a 5mm diameter backflow hole around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices at the bottom, and a sand bed containing 5%-8% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third module unit is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a heating rod that can be precisely controlled at the bottom, and is filled with pure water.

[0032] The further beneficial effects of the above-mentioned method are that the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system of this invention enables the simulated growth and cultivation of wild Phellinus linteus. It not only provides a controllable, continuous, and precisely circulated internal and external temperature difference environment for Phellinus linteus growth, but also provides humidity circulation and replenishment from both internal and external spatial dimensions. Simultaneously, the device achieves unlimited internal water circulation, saving water and eliminating the need for external water mist humidification, significantly reducing contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in a high effective yellowing rate, stable and continuous growth and development of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies, minimal fluctuations in yield and quality, and low management costs. Furthermore, the continuously precise and controllable internal and external temperature difference environment facilitates research on how to enhance the accumulation of medicinal components in Phellinus linteus.

[0033] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. The CKS-327 strain of Phellinus linteus of this invention is isolated from the genuine Phellinus linteus fruiting body. After further quality improvement and domestication, the Phellinus linteus fruiting body produced by cultivation in combination with an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange culture system has significantly higher content of active ingredients such as polysaccharides, sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and glycoproteins than wild Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies, and has high medicinal development value.

[0035] 2. This invention further solves a series of key technical problems, such as the domestication of perennial mulberry Sanghuang from the mother plant to the stress stimulation culture of Sanghuang fungus using a solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent, and the cultivation and production of Sanghuang fruiting bodies using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange culture system. It makes full use of fresh mulberry branch segments to provide perennial mulberry Sanghuang fungus with nutrients and active ingredients closest to those of living mulberry trees, as well as the culture conditions of internal to external water circulation, within the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. This ensures the effective active ingredients that are closest to those of wild perennial living Sanghuang, enhances the medicinal value of Sanghuang, and maximizes the continuous conversion and utilization of mulberry branch resources and water resources to produce mulberry Sanghuang. It also solves the problems of high management difficulty and low conversion efficiency in the cultivation and production of mulberry Sanghuang using high-content mulberry branch sawdust bag material. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system of the present invention;

[0037] Among them, 1-first module unit, 2-second module unit, 3-third module unit, 4-handle ring, 5-dustproof air inlet, 6-exhaust equipment, 7-backflow hole, 8-water guiding equipment, 9-sand bed, 10-heating rod, 11-pure water. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Isolation, screening and identification of mulberry strain CKS-327

[0041] This invention relates to a strain of *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* isolated from the fruiting bodies of perennial wild mulberry trees. Named *Sanghuangporus sanghuang* CKS-327, the strain was identified based on the morphology of the fruiting bodies of perennial wild mulberry trees, the morphology of the isolated mycelium, microscopic characteristics, and ITS sequence alignment results. The analysis showed the highest homology with the ITS sequence of *Sanghuangporus sanghuang*. Therefore, this strain is identified as belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae, genus *Sanghuangporus*, and species *Sanghuangporus*, with accession number CCTCC NO: M 20242849. It was deposited on December 18, 2024, at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), located at Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. This strain of Phellinus linteus has undergone continuous purification and screening over many years, and has been domesticated and cultivated into authentic Phellinus linteus using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. In the early stage of growth on plate culture medium, the mycelium often shows a clear separation between light yellow and golden yellow colors, with other biological characteristics being consistent. The mycelium grows rapidly and vigorously, and the strain is stable and not prone to mutation. The agronomic traits of Phellinus linteus fruiting bodies produced by cultivating fresh mulberry branch segments are excellent, with high content of active ingredients, which is significantly superior to authentic wild Phellinus linteus.

[0042] The 736bp ITS sequence of Sanghuangporus sanghuang CKS-327 is as follows:

[0043] 。

[0044] Example 2

[0045] CKS-327

[0046] 1

[0047] After activation, the slant mother culture of the mulberry strain CKS-327 from Example 1 was inoculated onto the left end of the mulberry mother culture continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium. After acclimatization and quality improvement at a temperature of 26℃ for 6 days, the strains with fast growth rate, dense growth and neat edges were selected. Under aseptic conditions, the plate was opened and sterile air was blown on for 2 minutes every day for air-drying acclimatization. The acclimatization was repeated many times until the mycelium covered the plate. Then, the strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end were selected for use.

[0048] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Phellinus linteus mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 230g potato, 20g glucose, 1.0g MgSO4, 1.5g KH2PO4, 0.3g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water. After the culture medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center.

[0049] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium for Phellinus linteus mother culture contains the following raw materials by weight: 230g potato, 20g glucose, 1.0g MgSO4, 1.5g KH2PO4, 1.5g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water;

[0050] The preparation method of the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is as follows: Place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium from the left end into the culture dish, and under aseptic conditions, use a sterile scalpel to remove the solid culture medium from the bottom layer that exceeds the semi-circular diameter of the left end. Raise the blank end of the culture dish and tilt it, pour the solid culture medium from the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium from the right end covers part of the solid culture medium from the left end at the junction. After solidification, the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is obtained. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole in the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation.

[0051] (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus

[0052] Under aseptic conditions, the strain that had been domesticated by the mother culture was inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium of Phellinus linteus. In the dark, it was statically cultured at 23°C for 12 hours, and then fermented at 26°C for 11 days under magnetic stirring at 620 rpm to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium for later use.

[0053] Each 1L of *Sanghuang* solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 220g potato, 22g glucose, 8g water-soluble soybean meal powder, 0.03g Na2SeO3, 1.1g MgSO4, 1.3g KH2PO4, 0.3g morusin, 0.8g hydrolyzed tannins, with the remainder being water, and the pH is 6.5.

[0054] (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments

[0055] The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber and cultured under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions for 65 days. When more than 80% of the mycelium of the culture bag showed light yellow nodular protrusions, the culture bag was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management.

[0056] The preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut the long mulberry branches freshly harvested from the mulberry tree into 20cm segments. Then, use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry segments into bundles as the main material for the culture medium. Soak one end of each bundle in a saturated gypsum powder solution for 6 hours. Then, prepare the auxiliary material for the culture medium according to the following formula: 83% cork tree sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 50% moisture content. Finally, complete the bagging of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments with a structure of 2cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 20cm of main material in the middle, and 2cm of auxiliary material at the top.

[0057] (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is composed of three modular units. The first modular unit 1 is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thicker bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle ring 4 at the top, a dustproof air inlet 5 near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device 6 near the bottom on the opposite side. The second modular unit 2 is shaped like a transparent water basin, with backflow holes 7 of 5mm in diameter around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices 8 at the bottom, and a sand bed 9 containing 5% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third modular unit 3 is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a heating rod 10 fixed at the bottom for precise temperature control, and is filled with pure water 11.

[0059] After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system to continuously replenish moisture. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 5cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The conditions for yellowing are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 40℃, the external environment of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 30℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 1500ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to dark yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained, and the larger ones are harvested while the smaller ones are left.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Cultivation Experiment of Genuine Mulberry Phellinus sarmentosum Using Strain CKS-327 in an Internal Circulation Heat and Humidity Exchange System

[0062] (1) Domestication of Phellinus linteus mother seed under continuous stress

[0063] After activation, the slant mother culture of the mulberry strain CKS-327 from Example 1 was inoculated onto the left end of the mulberry mother culture continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium. After acclimatization and quality improvement at a temperature of 26℃ for 7 days, the strains with fast growth rate, dense growth and neat edges were selected. Under aseptic conditions, the plate was opened and sterile air was blown on for 4 minutes every day for air-drying acclimatization. The acclimatization was repeated many times until the mycelium covered the plate. Then, the strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end were selected for use.

[0064] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Phellinus linteus mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 210g potato, 22g glucose, 0.8g MgSO4, 1.0g KH2PO4, 0.5g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water. After the culture medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center.

[0065] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium for Phellinus linteus mother culture contains the following raw materials by weight: 210g potato, 22g glucose, 0.8g MgSO4, 1.0g KH2PO4, 1.0g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water;

[0066] The preparation method of the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is as follows: Place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium from the left end into the culture dish, and under aseptic conditions, use a sterile scalpel to remove the solid culture medium from the bottom layer that exceeds the semi-circular diameter of the left end. Raise the blank end of the culture dish and tilt it, pour the solid culture medium from the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium from the right end covers part of the solid culture medium from the left end at the junction. After solidification, the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is obtained. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole in the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation.

[0067] (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus

[0068] Under aseptic conditions, the strain that had been domesticated by the mother culture was inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium of Phellinus linteus. In the dark, it was statically cultured at 23°C for 12 hours, and then fermented at 28°C for 9 days with magnetic stirring at 620 rpm to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium for later use.

[0069] Each 1L of *Sanghuang* solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 240g potato, 20g glucose, 5g water-soluble soybean meal powder, 0.05g Na2SeO3, 1.3g MgSO4, 1.5g KH2PO4, 0.5g morusin, 0.5g hydrolyzed tannin, and the remainder is water, with a pH of 6.5.

[0070] (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments

[0071] The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber and cultured under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions for 60 days. When more than 80% of the mycelium of the culture bag showed light yellow nodular protrusions, the culture bag was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management.

[0072] The preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut the long mulberry branches freshly harvested from the mulberry tree into 18cm segments. Then, use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry segments into bundles as the main material for the culture medium. Soak one end of each bundle in a saturated gypsum powder solution for 6 hours. Then, prepare the auxiliary material for the culture medium according to the following formula: 80% cork tree sawdust, 18% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 45% moisture content. Finally, complete the bagging of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments with a structure of 3cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 18cm of main material in the middle, and 3cm of auxiliary material at the top.

[0073] (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is composed of three modular units. The first modular unit 1 is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thicker bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle ring 4 at the top, a dustproof air inlet 5 near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device 6 near the bottom on the opposite side. The second modular unit 2 is shaped like a transparent water basin, with backflow holes 7 of 5mm diameter around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices 8 at the bottom, and a sand bed 9 containing 8% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third modular unit 3 is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a heating rod 10 fixed at the bottom for precise temperature control, and is filled with pure water 11.

[0075] After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system to continuously replenish moisture. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 6cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The conditions for yellowing are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 30℃, the external environment of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 25℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 800ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to dark yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained, and the larger ones are harvested while the smaller ones are left.

[0076] Example 4

[0077] Cultivation Experiment of Genuine Mulberry Phellinus sarmentosum Using Strain CKS-327 in an Internal Circulation Heat and Humidity Exchange System

[0078] (1) Domestication of Phellinus linteus mother seed under continuous stress

[0079] After activation, the slant mother culture of the mulberry strain CKS-327 from Example 1 was inoculated onto the left end of the mulberry mother culture continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium. After acclimatization and quality improvement at 26℃ for 6 days, the strains with fast growth rate, dense growth and neat edges were selected. Under aseptic conditions, the plate was opened and sterile air was blown on for 5 minutes every day for air-drying acclimatization. The acclimatization was repeated many times until the mycelium covered the plate. Then, the strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end were selected for use.

[0080] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Phellinus linteus mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 220g potato, 21g glucose, 0.9g MgSO4, 1.4g KH2PO4, 0.4g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water. After the culture medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center.

[0081] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium for Phellinus linteus mother culture contains the following raw materials by weight: 220g potato, 21g glucose, 0.9g MgSO4, 1.4g KH2PO4, 1.3g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water;

[0082] The preparation method of the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is as follows: Place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium from the left end into the culture dish, and under aseptic conditions, use a sterile scalpel to remove the solid culture medium from the bottom layer that exceeds the semi-circular diameter of the left end. Raise the blank end of the culture dish and tilt it, pour the solid culture medium from the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium from the right end covers part of the solid culture medium from the left end at the junction. After solidification, the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is obtained. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole in the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation.

[0083] (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus

[0084] Under aseptic conditions, the strain that had been domesticated by the mother culture was inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium of Phellinus linteus. In the dark, it was statically cultured at 23°C for 12 hours, and then fermented at 27°C for 10 days with magnetic stirring at 620 rpm to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium for later use.

[0085] Each 1L of *Sanghuang* solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 230g potato, 21g glucose, 7g water-soluble soybean meal, 0.04g Na2SeO3, 1.2g MgSO4, 1.4g KH2PO4, 0.4g morusin, 0.6g hydrolyzed tannins, with the remainder being water, and the pH is 6.5.

[0086] (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments

[0087] The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber and cultured under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions for 63 days. When more than 80% of the spawn bags showed light yellow nodular protrusions after the mycelium of the spawn had fully grown, the spawn was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management.

[0088] The preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut freshly harvested long mulberry branches into 19cm segments. Then, use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry segments into bundles as the main material for the culture medium. Soak one end of each bundle in a saturated gypsum powder solution for 6 hours. Next, prepare the auxiliary material for the culture medium according to the following composition: 82% cork tree sawdust, 16% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 48% moisture content. Finally, complete the bagging of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments with a structure of 2cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 19cm of main material in the middle, and 3cm of auxiliary material at the top.

[0089] (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is composed of three modular units. The first modular unit 1 is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thicker bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle ring 4 at the top, a dustproof air inlet 5 near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device 6 near the bottom on the opposite side. The second modular unit 2 is shaped like a transparent water basin, with backflow holes 7 of 5mm diameter around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices 8 at the bottom, and a sand bed 9 containing 6% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third modular unit 3 is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a heating rod 10 fixed at the bottom for precise temperature control, and is filled with pure water 11.

[0091] After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system to continuously replenish moisture. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 6cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The conditions for yellowing are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 38℃, the external environment of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 28℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 1200ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to dark yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained, and the larger ones are harvested while the smaller ones are left.

[0092] Example 5

[0093] Cultivation Experiment of Genuine Mulberry Phellinus sarmentosum Using Strain CKS-327 in an Internal Circulation Heat and Humidity Exchange System

[0094] (1) Domestication of Phellinus linteus mother seed under continuous stress

[0095] After activation, the slant mother culture of the mulberry strain CKS-327 from Example 1 was inoculated onto the left end of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium of the mulberry mother culture. After acclimatization and quality improvement at a temperature of 26℃ for 7 days, the strains with fast growth rate, dense and vigorous growth and neat edges were selected. Under aseptic conditions, the plate was opened and sterile air was blown on for 3 minutes every day for air-drying acclimatization. The acclimatization was repeated many times until the mycelium covered the plate. Then, the strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end were selected for use.

[0096] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Sanghuang mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 225g potato, 20g glucose, 1.0g MgSO4, 1.3g KH2PO4, 0.5g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water. After the culture medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center.

[0097] Each 1L of continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium for Phellinus linteus mother culture contains the following raw materials by weight: 225g potato, 20g glucose, 1.0g MgSO4, 1.3g KH2PO4, 1.4g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the remainder is water;

[0098] The preparation method of the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is as follows: Place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium from the left end into the culture dish, and under aseptic conditions, use a sterile scalpel to remove the solid culture medium from the bottom layer that exceeds the semi-circular diameter of the left end. Raise the blank end of the culture dish and tilt it, pour the solid culture medium from the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium from the right end covers part of the solid culture medium from the left end at the junction. After solidification, the plate culture medium for continuous stress stimulation acclimatization of Phellinus linteus mother seed is obtained. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole in the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation.

[0099] (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus

[0100] Under aseptic conditions, the strain that had been domesticated by the mother culture was inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium of Phellinus linteus. In the dark, it was statically cultured at 23°C for 12 hours, and then fermented at 26°C for 9 days with magnetic stirring at 620 rpm to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium for later use.

[0101] Each 1L of *Sanghuang* solid-liquid mixed fermentation medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 220g potato, 22g glucose, 6g water-soluble soybean meal powder, 0.03g Na2SeO3, 1.1g MgSO4, 1.2g KH2PO4, 0.5g morusin, 0.7g hydrolyzed tannins, with the remainder being water, and the pH is 6.5.

[0102] (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments

[0103] The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber and cultured under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions for 62 days. When more than 80% of the mycelium of the culture bag showed light yellow nodular protrusions, the culture bag was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management.

[0104] The preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut the long mulberry branches freshly harvested from the mulberry tree into 19cm segments. Then, use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry segments into bundles as the main material for the culture medium. Soak one end of each bundle in a saturated gypsum powder solution for 6 hours. Then, prepare the auxiliary material for the culture medium according to the following formula: 81% cork tree sawdust, 17% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 47% moisture content. Finally, complete the bagging of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments with a structure of 3cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 19cm of main material in the middle, and 2cm of auxiliary material at the top.

[0105] (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system

[0106] like Figure 1 As shown, the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is composed of three modular units. The first modular unit 1 is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thicker bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle ring 4 at the top, a dustproof air inlet 5 near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device 6 near the bottom on the opposite side. The second modular unit 2 is shaped like a transparent water basin, with backflow holes 7 of 5mm diameter around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices 8 at the bottom, and a sand bed 9 containing 7% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third modular unit 3 is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a heating rod 10 for precise temperature control fixed at the bottom, and is filled with pure water 11.

[0107] After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system to continuously replenish moisture. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 5cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The conditions for yellowing are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 35℃, the external environment of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 30℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 1000ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to dark yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained, and the larger ones are harvested while the smaller ones are left.

[0108] Performance testing

[0109] 1. The fruiting bodies of Phellinus linteus prepared in Examples 2-5, as well as wild perennial Phellinus linteus from the Qinling Mountains (commercially available 1) and wild perennial Phellinus linteus from Tibet (commercially available 2), were tested for their effective active ingredient content and main agronomic traits. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Table 1. Comparison of effective active ingredient content and main agronomic traits of *Phellinus linteus* fruiting bodies in Examples 2-5 with those in commercially available Examples 1-2.

[0111]

[0112] As shown in Table 1, the effective active ingredient content and main agronomic traits of the fruiting bodies of *Sanghuang* in Examples 2-5 are superior to those of commercially available Examples 1-2.

[0113] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A strain of Phellinus linteus from mulberry trees ( Sanghuangporus sanghuang ), characterized in that, The mulberry fungus strain ( Sanghuangporus sanghuang The sample was isolated from the fruiting body of the authentic perennial wild mulberry tree, named Mulberry Tree Phellinus Stupa CKS-327, with accession number CCTCC NO: M20242849. It was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on December 18, 2024, at Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province.

2. A method for cultivating Phellinus linteus using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: (1) Domestication of Phellinus linteus mother seed under continuous stress After activating the mulberry fungus mother culture as described in claim 1, inoculate it onto the left end of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium. After cultivation, acclimatization and quality improvement, select the fungal strains with fast growth rate, dense and vigorous growth, and neat edges. Under aseptic conditions, open the plate and blow sterile air for 2-5 minutes every day to carry out air-drying acclimatization. Repeat the acclimatization multiple times until the mycelium fills the plate. Then select the fungal strains with neat edges and dense growth on the right end for later use. Each 1L of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate medium for Phellinus linteus mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight on the left end: 210-230g potato, 20-22g glucose, 0.8-1.0g MgSO4, 1.0-1.5g KH2PO4, 0.3-0.5g mulberry root bark extract, 18.0g agar, and the balance being water. After the medium solidifies, a hole is punched in the center. Each 1L of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium for Phellinus linteus mother seed contains the following raw materials by weight: 210-230g potato, 20-22g glucose, 0.8-1.0g MgSO4, 1.0-1.5g KH2PO4, 1.0-1.5g hydrolyzed tannins, 18.0g agar, and the balance being water; The preparation method of the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium of Phellinus linteus mother seed is as follows: place the culture dish at an angle, pour the solid culture medium at the left end into the culture dish, and under aseptic conditions, use a sterile scalpel to remove the solid culture medium at the bottom of the left end that exceeds the semi-circular diameter. Raise the blank end of the culture dish and tilt it, pour the solid culture medium at the right end into the blank end of the culture dish, so that the solid culture medium at the right end covers part of the solid culture medium at the junction, and solidify to obtain the continuous stress stimulation acclimatization plate culture medium of Phellinus linteus mother seed. Use a sterile punch to punch a hole at the center of the left end to facilitate inoculation. (2) Stress-induced culture using a mixture of solid and liquid fermentation agent of Phellinus linteus Under aseptic conditions, the strain that has been domesticated by the mother culture is inoculated into the solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent culture medium of Phellinus linteus, and then statically cultured in the dark, followed by fermentation culture under magnetic stirring to obtain a high-quality and stable Phellinus linteus solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent for later use. Each 1L of the *Sanghuang* solid-liquid mixed fermentation agent culture medium contains the following raw materials by weight: 220-240g potato, 20-22g glucose, 5-8g water-soluble soybean meal, 0.03-0.05g Na2SeO3, 1.1-1.3g MgSO4, 1.3-1.5g KH2PO4, 0.3-0.5g morusin, 0.5-0.8g hydrolyzed tannins, with the balance being water, and the pH being 6.5; (3) Cultivation of fresh mulberry branch segments The homogeneous and stable solid-liquid mixture of Sanghuang fungus fermentation agent was inoculated into the culture medium of fresh mulberry branch segments under aseptic conditions. Then, it was transferred to the mycelium growth chamber for cultivation under constant temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide conditions. When more than 80% of the mycelium of the culture bag showed light yellow nodular protrusions, the culture bag was transferred to the fruiting room for site adaptation management. The preparation method of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments is as follows: First, cut long mulberry branches freshly harvested from mulberry trees into 18-20cm segments. Then, use two rubber bands to tie the mulberry segments into bundles as the main material for the culture medium. Soak one end of each bundle in a saturated gypsum powder aqueous solution for 6 hours. Next, prepare the auxiliary material for the culture medium according to the following composition: 80%-83% cork tree sawdust, 15%-18% wheat bran, 1.0% gypsum powder, 1.0% lime powder, and 45%-50% moisture content. Finally, complete the preparation of the culture medium for fresh mulberry branch segments by bagging it with a structure of 2-3cm of auxiliary material at the bottom, 18-20cm of main material in the middle, and 2-3cm of auxiliary material at the top. The inoculation and mycelial growth period is 50-65 days. (4) Management of yellowing in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system After the cultivated spawn has completed its color change and adapted to the site, an incision is made on the side of the mushroom bag to prepare for yellowing, while an incision is made in the center of the bottom of the bag to allow for continuous humidification by the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. Then, the bottom of the cultivated spawn is buried 5-6 cm deep in the sand bed of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system. The yellowing conditions are precisely controlled: the water temperature at the bottom of the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is 30-40℃, the external environment temperature is 25-30℃, the humidity in the space above the sand bed in the internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system is above 90%, the CO2 concentration is 800-1500 ppm, diffused light is provided, and ventilation is maintained. When the fruiting bodies of Sanghuang turn from orange-yellow to deep yellow and the edges harden, fresh Sanghuang fruiting bodies are obtained. Larger ones are harvested, and smaller ones are left. The internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system consists of three modular units. The first modular unit is shaped like a grain storage silo, with a pointed top and a thicker bottom, and is hollow. It has a handle at the top, a dustproof air inlet near the bottom on the side, and an exhaust device near the bottom on the opposite side. The second modular unit is shaped like a transparent water basin, with 5mm diameter backflow holes around the top edge on the side, four water guiding devices at the bottom, and a sand bed containing 5%-8% gypsum powder at the bottom. The third modular unit is shaped like a transparent water bucket, with a precisely temperature-controlled heating rod fixed at the bottom, and is filled with purified water.

3. The method for cultivating Phellinus linteus using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the culture temperature is 26℃ and the time is 6-7 days.

4. The method for cultivating *Sanghuang* using an internal circulation heat and humidity exchange system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the static culture temperature is 23℃ and the time is 12h; the magnetic stirring speed is 620rpm; the fermentation culture temperature is 26-28℃ and the time is 9-11d.

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