Air cylinder piston device and power equipment

Abstract

The air cylinder piston device comprises an air cylinder, a piston and a piston rod, multiple stages of inner holes are formed in the air cylinder, the piston comprises a piston core, at least one stage of piston sleeve and an inner piston ring, the piston sleeve and the inner piston ring are arranged on the piston core in a sleeving mode, the piston core and the piston sleeve can move up and down relatively, and the piston core is connected with the piston rod. The piston core and the piston sleeve can abut against each other through the limiting blocking face when moving upwards relative to the piston sleeve on the outer side. The device further comprises a sleeve locking mechanism, a force transmission mechanism and a force transmission relieving mechanism, the force transmission mechanism comprises a force transmission pin which can move in a force transmission pin hole to stretch out or retract, and when the piston sleeve moves downwards, the piston sleeve or the piston core on the inner side of the piston sleeve can be pushed through the force transmission pin; when the piston reaches an upper dead center, the sleeve locking mechanism locks the position of the piston sleeve, when the piston core moves downwards from the upper dead center, the sleeve locking mechanism unlocks the piston sleeve, and when the piston core moves downwards to a lower dead center, the force transmission relieving mechanism enables the force transmission pin to be compressed into the force transmission pin hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and particularly to a cylinder piston device and a power equipment. Background Art

[0002] An internal combustion engine mixes fuel and air and burns them in its cylinder. The released heat energy generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the cylinder. The expanding gas pushes the piston to do work, and then outputs mechanical work through a crank-link mechanism or other mechanisms to drive the driven machinery.

[0003] In traditional power machinery, the piston generally adopts an integral structure. This design has the following defects: At the beginning of the power stroke, when the gas in the combustion chamber reaches the peak pressure, the piston bears the maximum pressure. At this time, the piston is just past the top dead center, that is, the crank is just past the top dead center position, and the angle between the crank and the connecting rod is large. The force transmitted from the piston to the crank through the connecting rod is too large, resulting in an impact effect and easily reducing the service life of the machinery; on the other hand, at this time, since the force arm of the connecting rod acting on the crank is very small, the generated torque is also small. Therefore, the gas pressure cannot be well used to drive the crank to rotate, restricting the efficiency and power of the engine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cylinder piston device and a power equipment, in which the piston can be pushed downward in multiple parts, causing less force impact on the crank through the connecting rod, and at the same time effectively increasing the driving torque on the crank.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cylinder piston device, which includes a cylinder, a piston, and a piston rod. The cylinder is provided with a core inner hole and an N-stage sleeve inner hole in sequence from top to bottom, where N≥1, and the cross-section gradually increases from the core inner hole to the N-stage sleeve inner hole. There are inter-stage stepped surfaces between the core inner hole and the uppermost first-stage sleeve inner hole, and between adjacent two-stage sleeve inner holes; the piston sequentially includes a piston core and N-stage piston sleeves from inside to outside. The innermost first-stage piston sleeve is sleeved on the piston core and can move relatively up and down. When N≥2, the outer-stage piston sleeve is sleeved on the inner-stage piston sleeve and can move relatively up and down. Inner piston rings are provided between the piston core and the first-stage piston sleeve, and between adjacent two-stage piston sleeves. The lower end of the piston core is connected to the piston rod. The piston core and the first-stage piston sleeve are respectively provided with a first limit stop surface and a second limit stop surface, and the piston core can move upward relative to the first-stage piston sleeve until the first limit stop surface abuts against the second limit stop surface. The adjacent two-stage piston sleeves are respectively provided with a third limit stop surface and a fourth limit stop surface, and the inner-stage piston sleeve can move upward relative to the outer-stage piston sleeve until the third limit stop surface abuts against the fourth limit stop surface; the N-stage piston sleeve is located in the N-stage sleeve inner hole. When the piston core is at its top dead center, the upper end of the piston core is located in the core inner hole, and the upper ends of the i-stage piston sleeves are respectively located in the i-stage sleeve inner holes, where N≥i≥1, and the first limit stop surface and the second limit stop surface of the piston core and the first-stage piston sleeve abut against each other, and the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface of the adjacent two-stage piston sleeves abut against each other; the cylinder piston device further includes a sleeve locking mechanism, a force transmission mechanism, and a force transmission release mechanism. The piston core and the piston sleeves within the N-stage are respectively provided with a force transmission mechanism. The force transmission mechanism includes a force transmission pin disposed in a force transmission pin hole on the outer side surface of the piston core or the piston sleeve, and a force transmission elastic structure acting on the force transmission pin. The force transmission pin can move in the force transmission pin hole to extend or retract into the force transmission pin hole. The force transmission elastic structure applies an elastic force to the force transmission pin to drive the force transmission pin to move outward. When the first limit stop surface of the piston core abuts against the second limit stop surface on the first-stage piston sleeve, the force transmission pin on the piston core is located above the lower end surface of the piston sleeve. When the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface of the adjacent two-stage piston sleeves abut against each other, the force transmission pin on the inner piston sleeve is located above the lower end surface of the outer piston sleeve; when the piston core reaches the top dead center, the positions of all piston sleeves can be locked by the sleeve locking mechanism. When the piston core descends from its top dead center to the position where the upper end of the force transmission pin on it reaches the lower end surface of the first-stage piston sleeve, the force transmission pin extends out of the force transmission pin hole and the sleeve locking mechanism releases the locking of the piston sleeve. When the inner piston sleeve of the adjacent two-stage piston sleeves descends from its top dead center to the position where the upper end of the force transmission pin on it reaches the lower end surface of the outer piston sleeve, the force transmission pin extends out of the force transmission pin hole and the sleeve locking mechanism releases the locking of the outer piston sleeve;When the piston core moves downward to its bottom dead center, the force transmission release mechanism will contact the force transmission pin in the extended state and compress the force transmission pin into the force transmission pin hole.

[0006] Further, the force transmission release mechanism includes a force transmission pin pressing ring installed at the lower end of the cylinder. An indentation guiding surface is provided on the force transmission pin pressing ring and / or the force transmission pin. When the piston core moves downward to its bottom dead center, the force transmission pin in the extended state will contact the force transmission pin pressing ring through the indentation guiding surface, causing the force transmission pin to be compressed and retracted into the force transmission pin hole.

[0007] Further, when the first limiting surface of the piston core abuts against the second limiting surface, the upper end surface of the piston core extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve; when the third limiting surface of two adjacent piston sleeves abuts against the fourth limiting surface, the upper end surface of the inner piston sleeve extends out of the upper end surface of the outer piston sleeve.

[0008] Further, an unlocking pin through hole, a retaining pin through hole and a locking pin through hole are provided on the cylinder, and the retaining pin through hole is located below the locking pin through hole. The sleeve locking mechanism includes a force transmission plate, a locking elastic structure, an unlocking pin, a retaining pin and a locking pin. The unlocking pin, the retaining pin and the locking pin are respectively located in the unlocking pin through hole, the retaining pin through hole and the locking pin through hole. The outer ends of the unlocking pin, the retaining pin and the locking pin are all connected to the force transmission plate and move with the force transmission plate. The locking elastic structure applies an elastic force to the force transmission plate to drive the force transmission plate to press against the outer wall of the cylinder. At this time, the inner ends of the unlocking pin, the retaining pin and the locking pin all extend into the cylinder. When the force transmission plate approaches or moves away from the cylinder, the unlocking pin, the retaining pin and the locking pin can synchronously extend or retract into the inner wall of the cylinder bore; there are N sleeve locking mechanisms for respectively locking N-stage piston sleeves; when the piston sleeve is at the top dead center, the locking pin of its corresponding sleeve locking mechanism abuts against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve; an unlocking block is fixedly provided on the piston core, and when N≥2, unlocking blocks are also fixedly provided on the piston sleeves within the Nth stage. An unlocking inclined surface is provided on the lower side of the unlocking block; when the piston core moves downward from its top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface of the unlocking block on it can contact the unlocking pin of the sleeve locking mechanism for locking the ith-stage piston sleeve and drive the unlocking pin to move outward until it retracts into the inner wall of the cylinder bore. When N≥2, when the inner piston sleeve of two adjacent piston sleeves moves downward from its top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface of the unlocking block on it can contact the unlocking pin of the sleeve locking mechanism for locking the outer piston sleeve and drive the unlocking pin to move outward until it retracts into the inner wall of the cylinder bore; when the piston sleeve leaves its top dead center, at least one of the unlocking pin, the retaining pin and the locking pin of its corresponding sleeve locking mechanism abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, when the outermost piston sleeve in the piston is located at its bottom dead center, the unlocking pins, retaining pins and locking pins of all sleeve locking mechanisms are located below the upper end surface of the piston sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the sleeve locking mechanism also includes a guide assembly arranged between the force transmission plate and the cylinder, and the guide assembly is used to guide and limit the force transmission plate to move in a straight line.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of stages N=1, the piston sleeve comprises a stage I sleeve segment, and a stage II sleeve segment connected to the lower end of the stage I sleeve segment, the inner hole of the stage II sleeve segment is larger than the inner hole of the stage I sleeve segment, and the step surface between the inner holes of the two constitutes a second limit stop surface, the piston core comprises a stage I core segment, and a stage II core segment connected to the lower end of the stage I core segment, the cross section of the stage I core segment is smaller than the cross section of the stage II core segment, and the step surface between the two constitutes a first limit stop surface, the stage I core segment is located in the stage I sleeve segment, and the two are adapted and clearance-fitted, the stage II core segment is located in the stage II sleeve segment, and the two are adapted and clearance-fitted; the length of the stage I core segment is greater than the length of the stage I sleeve segment, and when the first limit stop surface and the second limit stop surface are abutted, the upper end of the stage I core segment extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve, and the inner piston ring is arranged between the stage I core segment and the stage I sleeve segment.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner holes of the level I sleeve section and the level II sleeve section of the piston sleeve are both cylindrical and remain coaxial.

[0013] Furthermore, a hollow inner hole is provided in the level II core segment, the force transmission pin hole on the piston core is arranged on the level II core segment and passes through the hollow inner hole, and the force transmission elastic structure is installed in the hollow inner hole of the level II core segment and abuts against the inner end of the force transmission pin.

[0014] The present invention also provides a power device, including a connecting rod and a crank, wherein the crank is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and also includes the above-mentioned cylinder-piston device, and the lower end of the piston rod of the cylinder-piston device is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0015] As described above, the cylinder-piston device and the power equipment according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. By providing a piston consisting of a piston core and a piston sleeve, in the initial stage when the gas pressure is extremely high, only the upper end surface of the piston core is affected by the gas, and the piston force surface is small, thereby preventing the force transmission components from being subjected to excessive impact loads, especially excessive impact torque on the crankshaft. The gas driving force acting on the piston is converted into torque more evenly, and the internal energy of the gas is released more evenly and in a controlled manner.

[0017] 2. In the second stage, when the piston core and the entire end face of the piston sleeve are subjected to overall forces to drive the connecting rod and the crankshaft to rotate, the crank has rotated a certain angle. At this time, the length of the force arm of the force transmitted to the crank through the connecting rod with respect to the crank rotation center also increases. Although the gas pressure in the cylinder decreases, the driving force obtained by the piston is greater than that of the traditional single-area piston at the corresponding crank angle, so that a greater driving torque is generated on the crankshaft during the entire power stroke, which is beneficial to improving the power of the engine.

[0018] 3. By setting the unlocking block and the sleeve locking mechanism, the locking and automatic unlocking of the piston sleeve at the top dead center can be automatically completed, which is automatic and efficient, and a pure mechanical structure is adopted, which is stable and reliable. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the outside of the first embodiment of the cylinder piston device in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a half-sectional view of the first embodiment of the cylinder piston device in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic installation diagram of the force transmission pin and the unlocking block in the piston in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the piston core and the piston sleeve of the piston in the first embodiment of the present invention both being at the top dead center.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the unlocking pin and the retaining pin both abutting against the piston sleeve when the piston in the first embodiment of the present invention is moving downward.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic working diagram of the piston core being at its bottom dead center in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram when the force transmission pin enters the piston sleeve when the piston core moves upward from the bottom dead center in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cylinder in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 It is a half-sectional view of the cylinder in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the piston core in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the piston sleeve in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the force transmission pin on the piston core located in the piston sleeve in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the force transmission pin on the piston core abutting against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a working diagram of the force transmission pin clamping ring abutting against the force transmission pin in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of the second embodiment of the cylinder-piston device in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a structural diagram of the lower end side of the second embodiment of the cylinder-piston device in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 17 for Figure 16 AA direction cross-sectional view in.

[0036] Explanation of Figure Numbers

[0037] 1 piston

[0038] 11 Piston sleeve

[0039] 11a Second limit stop surface

[0040] 11b Level Ⅰ sleeve section

[0041] 11c Level II sleeve section

[0042] 12 piston core

[0043] 12a First limit stop surface

[0044] 12b Force transmission pin hole

[0045] 12c Unlocking block hole

[0046] 12d Ⅰ-level core segment

[0047] 12e Level II core segment

[0048] 12f Level III core segment

[0049] 12g inner piston ring groove

[0050] 3 Piston rod

[0051] 4 cylinders

[0052] 4a outer wall boss

[0053] 4b Air Inlet

[0054] 4c air vent

[0055] 4d combustion chamber

[0056] 4e inter-stage stepped surface

[0057] 4f unlocking pin through-hole

[0058] 4g locking pin through-hole

[0059] 4h retaining pin through-hole

[0060] 4i core inner hole

[0061] 4j sleeve inner hole

[0062] 5 force transmission pin pressing ring

[0063] 5a annular inclined cutting surface

[0064] 6 sleeve locking mechanism

[0065] 6a force transmission plate

[0066] 6b unlocking pin

[0067] 6c locking pin

[0068] 6d retaining pin

[0069] 6e locking spring

[0070] 6f guiding post

[0071] 7 force transmission pin

[0072] 7a retracted inclined surface

[0073] 8 unlocking block

[0074] 8a unlocking inclined surface Specific implementation mode

[0075] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation modes of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0076] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have technical substantive significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present invention can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope within which the present invention can be implemented.

[0077] Embodiment 1:

[0078] Refer to Figures 1 to 14 , the present invention provides a cylinder piston device, including a cylinder 4, a piston 1, and a piston rod 3. An inner core hole 4i and an N-stage sleeve inner hole 4j are successively provided in the cylinder 4 from top to bottom. In this embodiment, the number of stages N = 1. The cross-section of the inner core hole 4i to the sleeve inner hole 4j gradually increases, so that an inter-stage stepped surface 4e is formed between the inner core hole 4i and the sleeve inner hole 4j. The piston 1 successively includes a piston core 12 and an N-stage piston sleeve 11 from the inside to the outside. In this embodiment, the number of stages N = 1. The piston sleeve 11 is sleeved on the piston core 12 and can move relatively up and down. An inner piston ring (not shown in the drawings) is provided between the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11. There is a certain axial frictional resistance between the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 through the inner piston ring. The lower end of the piston core 12 is connected to the piston rod 3. A first limit stop surface 12a is provided on the piston core 12, and a second limit stop surface 11a is provided on the piston sleeve 11. When the piston core 12 moves upward relative to the piston sleeve 11, the first limit stop surface 12a can abut against the second limit stop surface 11a, and when they abut, the upper end surface of the piston core 12 preferably extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11; when the piston core 12 is at its top dead center, the upper end of the piston core 12 is located in the inner core hole 4i, the upper ends of the piston sleeve 11 are respectively located in the sleeve inner hole 4j, and there is a certain gap between the upper end of the piston sleeve 11 and the inter-stage stepped surface 4e on the upper side of the upper end of the sleeve inner hole 4j to avoid collision. At this time, the first limit stop surface 12a and the second limit stop surface 11a of the piston core 12 and the first-stage piston sleeve 11 abut against each other.

[0079] The cylinder piston device further includes a sleeve locking mechanism 6, a force transmission mechanism, and a force transmission release mechanism. A force transmission mechanism is provided on the piston core 12. The force transmission mechanism includes a force transmission pin 7 disposed in a force transmission pin hole 12b on the outer side surface of the piston core 12 or the piston sleeve 11, and a force transmission elastic structure acting on the force transmission pin 7. The force transmission pin 7 can move in the force transmission pin hole 12b to extend out or retract into the force transmission pin hole 12b. The force transmission elastic structure (not shown in the drawings) is installed in the piston core 12, specifically in the force transmission pin hole 12b or inside the piston core 12, and applies an elastic force to the force transmission pin 7 to drive the force transmission pin 7 to move outward, so that the force transmission pin hole 12b extends out of the force transmission pin hole 12b when not under pressure. When the first limit stop surface 12a of the piston core 12 abuts against the second limit stop surface 11a on the first-stage piston sleeve 11, the force transmission pin 7 on the piston core 12 is located above the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11. Specifically, the force transmission pin 7 can be partially or entirely located above the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11. At this time, the force transmission pin 7 partially or entirely enters the inner cavity of the piston sleeve 11. The axis of the force transmission pin hole 12b preferably extends along the radial direction of the piston core 12. When the piston core 12 reaches the top dead center, the position of the piston sleeve 11 can be locked by the sleeve locking mechanism 6, so that the piston sleeve 11 cannot move downward. When the piston core 12 moves downward from its top dead center until the upper end of its force transmission pin 7 reaches the lower end surface of the first-stage piston sleeve 11, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 releases the locking of the piston sleeve 11. Therefore, the force transmission pin 7 can extend out of the force transmission pin hole 12b and abut against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11 to achieve force transmission between the piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12. When the piston core 12 moves downward to its bottom dead center, the force transmission release mechanism contacts the force transmission pin 7 in the extended state and compresses the force transmission pin 7 into the force transmission pin hole 12b so that it no longer extends outside the circumferential surface of the piston core 12.

[0080] The basic working principle of the cylinder piston device in this embodiment is as follows: The piston core 12 and the inner piston ring of the piston sleeve 11 play a sealing role to prevent gas from leaking between them. When the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 are subjected to a certain relative axial pressure, when overcoming the frictional resistance formed by the inner piston ring between the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11, the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 can produce relative axial movement. When not subjected to relative axial pressure or the pressure is not enough to overcome the frictional resistance and the piston sleeve is not blocked, the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 can also achieve synchronous movement through the frictional resistance. When the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 move synchronously downward, the force is transmitted by the force transmission pin 7 against the lower edge of the piston sleeve 11. When moving upward, the force is transmitted by the first limit stop surface 12a against the second limit stop surface 11a. If it is worried that the gas pressure acting on the piston sleeve 11 during the intake stroke is not enough to press it against the force transmission pin 7 and cause the piston sleeve 11 to move slower than the piston core 12, a structure for preventing the piston core 12 from slipping out of the lower end of the piston sleeve 11 can be added at the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11 and the appropriate position of the piston core, so that the piston core 11 drives the piston sleeve 12 to move synchronously. Preferably, the upper end surface area of the piston core 12 is smaller than the upper end surface area of the piston sleeve 11. It can also be the opposite or equal situation for a unique engine power characteristic curve, that is, the upper end surface area of the piston core 12 is greater than or equal to the upper end surface area of the piston sleeve 11. When the piston 1 moves downward, the piston sleeve 11 is pressed against the force transmission pin 7 extending out of the piston core 12 under the action of the gas pressure in the cylinder 4, and the gas pressure is transmitted to the piston 12 and moves together with the piston core 12. If it is worried that the gas pressure acting on the piston sleeve 11 during the intake stroke is not enough to press it against the force transmission pin 7 and cause the piston sleeve 11 to move slower than the piston core 12, a lower limit structure for preventing the piston core 12 from slipping out of the lower end of the piston sleeve 11 can be added at the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11 and the appropriate position of the piston core. When the piston core 12 moves downward relative to the piston sleeve 11, it will drive the piston sleeve 11 to move downward through the lower limit structure, ensuring that the piston core 12 drives the piston sleeve 11 to move synchronously downward.

[0081] The cylinder piston device can be used in an engine, where the piston rod 8 is directly or indirectly connected to the connecting rod. Taking the application in the engine as an example, when the cylinder piston device operates cyclically, the following processes are carried out in sequence:

[0082] (a) During the compression stroke, when the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 are both at their bottom dead centers, the force transmission pin 7 retracts into the force transmission pin hole 12b under the action of the force transmission release mechanism. The piston rod 3 drives the piston core 12 to move upward, and the force transmission pin 7 can smoothly enter the piston sleeve 11. Since the upper end face of the piston sleeve 11 is subjected to gas pressure, the piston core 12 moves upward until the first limit stop surface 12a abuts against the second limit stop surface 11a. The piston core 12 drives the piston sleeve 11 to move upward synchronously through the pressure between the first limit stop surface 12a and the second limit stop surface 11a. When the piston core 12 reaches its top dead center, its upper part is located in the core inner hole 4i, the piston sleeve 11 reaches its top dead center, and its upper end face is close to or abuts against the inter-stage stepped surface 4e at the upper end of the sleeve inner hole 4j. The sleeve locking mechanism 6 locks the piston sleeve 11 at its top dead center.

[0083] (b) During the power stroke, the piston sleeve 11 remains stationary first. Under the action of high-pressure combustion gas, the piston core 12 moves downward first. When the force transmission pin 7 reaches the lower end face of the piston sleeve 11, the force transmission pin 7 extends out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12 under the action of the force transmission elastic structure. At the same time, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 releases the locking of the piston sleeve 11. The combustion gas acts on the upper end face of the piston sleeve 11, and the formed pressure pushes the piston sleeve 11 downward. And this pressure is preferably greater than the pressure acting on the piston core 12. When the piston sleeve 11 moves downward, its lower end face will push the force transmission pin 7, so as to move downward synchronously with the piston core 12. During the process that the piston core 12 approaches and reaches its bottom dead center, the force transmission pin 7 retracts into the force transmission pin hole 12b under the action of the force transmission release mechanism and does not extend out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12. The piston sleeve 11 can reach its bottom dead center synchronously with the piston core 12, or can reach it out of sync. At this time, the piston sleeve 11 will continue to move downward under the action of the combustion gas pressure. The force transmission pin 7 is located in the piston sleeve 11 and then reaches its bottom dead center.

[0084] (c) During the exhaust stroke, the piston rod 3 drives the piston core 12 to move upward. The piston core 12 will push the piston sleeve 11 to move upward together through the pressure between the first limit stop surface 12a and the second limit stop surface 11a. Then the piston core 12 reaches its top dead center, and the piston sleeve 11 also reaches its top dead center. Its upper end face abuts against or is close to the inter-stage stepped surface 4e. The sleeve locking mechanism 6 locks the piston sleeve 11 at its top dead center.

[0085] (d) During the intake stroke, the piston sleeve 11 remains stationary first. Driven by the piston rod 3, the piston core 12 moves downward first. When the force transmission pin 7 reaches the lower end face of the piston sleeve 11, the force transmission pin 7 extends out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12 under the action of the force transmission elastic structure. At the same time, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 releases the locking of the piston sleeve 11. The piston sleeve 11 can move downward together with the piston core 12 under the action of the frictional resistance between the piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 and the intake pressure. When the piston core 12 reaches its bottom dead center, the force transmission pin 7 retracts into the force transmission pin hole 12b under the action of the force transmission release mechanism. The piston sleeve 11 can reach its bottom dead center synchronously with the piston core 12 or can reach it asynchronously. When the gas pressure in the cylinder 4 reaches a certain level, it will push the piston sleeve 11 to move downward relative to the piston core 12. The force transmission pin 7 is located in the piston sleeve 11 until the piston sleeve 11 reaches its bottom dead center.

[0086] When the cylinder piston device in this embodiment is adopted, during the power stroke, in the first stage, the piston sleeve 11 remains stationary while the piston core 12 moves first, and then in the second stage, the piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 move downward synchronously. Therefore, when the gas pressure is the highest, the force is transmitted only through a part of the cross-section of the piston 1 (the cross-section part of the piston core 12) and is transmitted through the piston rod 3 and finally to the crank. In the first stage, the driving torque is controlled within an appropriate range to reduce the impact. By selecting the cross-sectional area of the piston core 12, the upper limit of the gas driving force received by the piston core 12 can be controlled, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the driving torque generated on the crankshaft in this stage. For example, the lower limit of the driving torque generated by the force on the piston core 12 is not lower than the peak torque of a traditional internal combustion engine of the same specification, and its upper limit value is controlled within a reasonable range. The gas pushes the piston core 12 to move a certain distance to expand. In the second stage, the entire cross-section at the top of the piston 1 bears the gas pressure. At this time, because the crank rotates through a certain angle, the torque formed by the thrust transmitted from the piston 1 to the crank through the piston rod 3 is large. Although the pressure decreases at this time, compared with the traditional integral piston 1, when the cylinder diameter and the crank length are the same, and under the same crank angle / piston stroke, the gas pressure in the cylinder 4 is higher, the gas pressure received by the piston 1 is greater, and the torque transmitted to the crank is greater, so as to better drive the crank to rotate, and the torque remains not lower than the lower limit (the peak torque of the traditional engine) within a subsequent relatively large range of crank rotation angles, and the maximum value of the torque is also appropriately controlled.

[0087] The cylinder piston device of the present invention can be used in an engine to form a piston engine. Of course, it can also be used in other similar occasions, such as in a hydraulic cylinder device, where the cylinder is used as an oil cylinder, and it can also be used in a gas compression device or a device driven by compressed gas, with the piston as the reciprocating active or passive part.

[0088] See Figure 4 、 Figure 5 andFigure 9 , in this embodiment, as a preferred design, the cylinder 4 is provided with an unlocking pin through-hole 4f, a retaining pin through-hole 4h, and a locking pin through-hole 4g. The retaining pin through-hole 4h is located below the locking pin through-hole 4g, and the locking pin through-hole 4g is located between the retaining pin through-hole 4h and the unlocking pin through-hole 4f, closer to the locking pin through-hole 4f. The sleeve locking mechanism 6 includes a force transmission plate 6a, a locking elastic structure, an unlocking pin 6b, a retaining pin 6d, and a locking pin 6c. The unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c are respectively located in the unlocking pin through-hole 4f, the retaining pin through-hole 4h, and the locking pin through-hole g. The outer ends of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c are all connected to the force transmission plate 6a and move with the force transmission plate 6a. The locking elastic structure applies an elastic force to the force transmission plate 6a to drive the force transmission plate 6a to press tightly against the outer wall of the cylinder 4. At this time, the inner ends of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c all extend into the cylinder 4. When the force transmission plate 6a approaches or moves away from the cylinder 4, the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c can synchronously extend or retract into the inner wall of the cylinder 4. When the piston sleeve 11 is at the top dead center, the locking pin 6c abuts against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11. An unlocking block 8 is provided on the piston core 12, specifically in the unlocking block hole 12c on the outer wall of the piston core 12, and moves up and down synchronously with the piston core 12. An unlocking inclined surface 8a is provided on the lower side of the unlocking block 8. The unlocking inclined surface 8a can be a flat surface or a curved surface. When the piston core 12 is at the top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface 8a is located above the unlocking pin 6b. When the unlocking block 8 moves downward, the unlocking inclined surface 8a can contact the unlocking pin 6b and drive the unlocking pin 6b to move outward and retract into the inner wall of the cylinder 4. At this time, the force transmission plate 6a is also driven, and the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c also synchronously retract into the inner wall of the cylinder 4. When the piston sleeve 11 leaves its top dead center, at least one of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston sleeve 11.

[0089] The working principle of the sleeve locking mechanism 6 in this embodiment is as follows: When both the piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 are at their top dead centers, the force transmission plate 6a presses on the piston sleeve 11. The inner ends of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d, and the locking pin 6c all extend into the cylinder 4. The locking pin 6c abuts against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11, and the piston sleeve 11 cannot move downward and will be locked at the top dead center. See Figure 4Among them, the unlocking pin 6b is preferably arranged near the locking pin 6c. When the piston core 12 moves downward from the top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface 8a of the unlocking block 8 contacts the unlocking pin 6b and pushes the unlocking pin 6b to move outward. And when the force - transmitting pin 7 is located at the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11, the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c all retract into the inner hole wall of the cylinder 4. The locking pin 6c releases the position limitation on the piston sleeve 11, and the piston sleeve 11 moves downward normally. At this time, the locking pin 6c abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston sleeve 11. The retaining pin 6d is arranged below the locking pin 6c near the lower dead center position of the piston sleeve 11. When the piston sleeve 11 reaches the lower dead center position, its outer peripheral surface contacts the retaining pin 6d, which can ensure that when the piston sleeve 11 leaves its top dead center, at least one of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston sleeve 11. Refer to Figure 5 , so as to ensure that they will not reset and protrude into the inner hole of the cylinder 4, avoiding affecting the movement of the piston sleeve 11. Then in the upward stroke, the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11 move upward synchronously. When reaching the top dead center, the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c are no longer restricted by the piston sleeve 11 and the unlocking block 8. Under the action of the locking elastic structure, the force - transmitting plate 6a presses on the piston sleeve 11 again. The retaining pin 6d extends into the inner hole of the cylinder 4 and abuts against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11, thereby automatically locking the piston sleeve 11 at the top dead center.

[0090] In this embodiment, the connection between the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c and the force - transmitting plate 6a can be in the form of a spherical hinge connection or a fixed connection. The unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c can be parallel or non - parallel to each other. When they are non - parallel, a spherical hinge connection needs to be adopted to allow deflection during movement. By reasonably setting the connection method and the direction of the holes, it is required that when the force - transmitting plate 6a moves, it can drive the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c to move freely in their respective holes.

[0091] In this embodiment, when the up - and - down stroke of the piston sleeve 11 is less than the length of the piston sleeve 11, the positions of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c are set so that when the piston sleeve 11 is at its lower dead center, the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c are all below the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11. This can effectively prevent the gas in the cylinder 4 from escaping through the holes of the unlocking pin 6b and the locking pin 6c. When the piston sleeve 11 is at its lower dead center and the holes of the unlocking pin 6b and the locking pin 6c are above the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11, refer to Figure 11, that is, it will be in contact with the gas in the cylinder 4. At this time, it is required that the installation and movement of the unlocking pin 6b in the unlocking pin 6b hole, and the installation and movement of the locking pin 6c in the locking pin 6c hole both have good sealing performance, or a closed space is set outside the cylinder 4 to enclose the force transmission plate 6a, unlocking pin 6b, retaining pin 6d, locking pin 6c and other structures of the sleeve locking mechanism 6 to ensure that other parts in the cylinder 4 will not leak from these two holes.

[0092] See Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 , in this embodiment, as a preferred design, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 further includes a guiding assembly disposed between the force transmission plate 6a and the cylinder 4. The guiding assembly is used to guide and restrict the linear movement of the force transmission plate 6a. The guiding assembly includes a guiding column 6f. The guiding column 6f is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the cylinder 4. The guiding column 6f can be fixed on the cylinder 4, or can be fixed on the cylinder supporting structure or other surrounding fixed structures. The axis of the guiding column 6f preferably extends along the radial direction of the cylinder 4. The force transmission plate 6a is provided with a guiding hole and is installed on the guiding column 6f through the guiding hole, and approaches or moves away from the cylinder 4 along the guiding column 6f. The guiding column 6f can also be fixedly connected to the force transmission plate 6a. A guiding hole is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 4 or the supporting structure of the cylinder 4. The guiding column 6f is installed in the guiding hole and can reciprocate along the axis of the guiding hole. The locking elastic structure includes a locking spring 6e. The locking spring 6e is sleeved on the guiding column 6f, and its inner end is connected to or abuts against the force transmission plate 6a. Preferably, an outer wall convex platform 4a is further provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 4. The force transmission plate 6a is pressed against the outer wall convex platform 4a, and the two are in surface contact to ensure the stability of the force transmission plate 6a. The unlocking pin through hole 4f, the retaining pin through hole 4h and the locking pin through hole 4g are all provided on the outer wall convex platform 4a.

[0093] See Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 , in the cylinder piston device of this embodiment, the inner hole of the cylinder 4 is of a stepped type, which are the combustion chamber 4d, the first-stage inner hole and the second-stage inner hole from top to bottom in sequence. The combustion chamber 4d can be a spherical segment type. The spherical segment bottom connected to the top end of the first-stage inner hole is the top dead center position of the upper end face of the piston core 12, that is, when the piston core 12 is at the top dead center, the upper part extends out of the piston sleeve 11 and is located in the first-stage inner hole. The piston sleeve 11 moves in the second-stage inner hole. The radius of the first-stage inner hole is smaller than the radius of the second-stage inner hole, and the stepped surface formed between the two constitutes the inter-stage stepped surface 4e. The unlocking pin through hole 4f, the retaining pin through hole 4h and the locking pin through hole 4g are all located in the second-stage inner hole section of the cylinder 4.

[0094] See Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 13, in the cylinder piston device of this embodiment, the piston sleeve 11 includes a first-stage sleeve section 11b and a second-stage sleeve section 11c connected to the lower end of the first-stage sleeve section 11b. The inner bores of the first-stage sleeve section 11b and the second-stage sleeve section 11c are both cylindrical and coaxial. The inner bore radius of the second-stage sleeve section 11c is greater than that of the first-stage sleeve section 11b, and the stepped surface between the two inner bores forms the second limiting stop surface 11a. The second-stage sleeve section 11c and the second-stage sleeve section 11c can also be connected by a transition surface inclined to the axis, and this transition surface forms the second limiting stop surface 11a. The piston core 12 includes a first-stage core section 12d and a second-stage core section 12e connected to the lower end of the first-stage core section 12d. The first-stage core section 12d and the second-stage core section 12e are also both cylindrical. The outer diameter of the first-stage core section 12d is smaller than that of the second-stage core section 12e, and the stepped surface between the two forms the first limiting stop surface 12a. The first-stage core section 12d and the second-stage core section 12e can also be connected by a transition surface inclined to the axis, and this transition surface forms the first limiting stop surface 12a. The first-stage core section 12d and the second-stage core are respectively located in the first-stage sleeve section 11b and the second-stage sleeve section 11c. An inner piston ring groove 12g is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first-stage core section 12d for installing an inner piston ring to make a sealing contact with the inner bore of the first-stage sleeve section 11b. A lubricating oil groove is also provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first-stage core section 12d. In this embodiment, the piston core 12 further includes a third-stage core section 12f connected to the lower end of the second-stage core section 12e, and the third-stage core section 12f is connected to the piston rod 3. In addition, the inner bores of the first-stage sleeve section 11b and the second-stage sleeve section 11c can also be non-cylindrical. The cross-sectional area of the inner bore of the first-stage sleeve section 11b is smaller than that of the inner bore of the second-stage sleeve section 11c, and a stepped surface is formed between the two stages. They can also be connected by a transition surface. Correspondingly, the first-stage core section 12d and the second-stage core section 12e are also both non-cylindrical. The shape of the inner bore of the first-stage core section 12d is adapted to that of the first-stage sleeve section 11b, and the two are in clearance fit. The shape of the inner bore of the second-stage core section 12e is adapted to that of the second-stage sleeve section 11c, and the two are in clearance fit. The cross-sectional area of the first-stage core section 12d is smaller than that of the second-stage core section 12e, and a stepped surface is formed between the two stages. They can also be connected by a transition surface.

[0095] In this embodiment, further, referring to Figure 10 , a hollow inner bore is provided in the second-stage core section 12e, that is, the second-stage core section 12e is a hollow cylindrical structure. The force transmission pin hole 12b is provided on the second-stage core section 12e and penetrates through to the hollow inner bore, that is, it is a radial through hole. The force transmission elastic structure is installed in the hollow inner bore of the second-stage core section 12e and abuts against the inner end of the force transmission pin 7. The limit of the outward extension of the force transmission pin 7 is independently defined by its outer shape, or by its outer shape and the shape of the channel on the II-stage core section 12e that accommodates the force transmission pin 7, so as to prevent the force transmission pin 7 from falling off outward from the force transmission pin hole 12b.

[0096] In this embodiment, further, referring to Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the unlocking block 8 is located in the second-stage core section 12e. A strip-shaped through groove extending along the axis is formed in the second-stage sleeve section 11c. The unlocking block 8 is located in the strip-shaped through groove. When the piston core 12 moves relative to the piston sleeve 11, the unlocking block 8 can move in the strip-shaped through groove without collision problems. An outer piston ring is provided on the piston sleeve 11 for sealing contact with the inner wall surface of the inner hole 4j of the cylinder 4. Piston ring grooves are provided on the outer wall of the first-stage sleeve section 11b, and the outer piston ring is installed in these piston ring grooves.

[0097] In this embodiment, further, when the first limiting stop surface 12a of the piston core 12 abuts against the second limiting stop surface 11a of the piston sleeve 11, the upper end surface of the piston core 12 extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11. By selecting the extending length, the lower limit of the force on the piston core 12 in the first stage of the power stroke can be controlled. See Figure 7 and Figure 12 . When the force transmission pin 7 on the piston core 12 abuts against the lower end surface of the piston sleeve 11, the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11 is flush with the upper end surface of the piston core 12, or can also be slightly lower than the upper end surface of the piston core 12. It is also possible to select a configuration in which the upper end surface of the piston core 12 always protrudes above the upper end surface of the piston sleeve 11.

[0098] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 , in this embodiment, as a preferred design, the force transmission release mechanism includes a force transmission pin compression ring 5. The force transmission pin compression ring 5 is installed at the lower end of the cylinder 4. An indentation guiding surface is provided on the force transmission pin compression ring 5 and / or the force transmission pin 7. When the piston core 12 descends to its bottom dead center, the force transmission pin 7 in the extended state will contact the force transmission pin compression ring 5 through the indentation guiding surface, causing the force transmission pin 7 to be compressed and retracted into the force transmission pin hole 12b.

[0099] In this embodiment, further, see Figure 2 and Figure 14 , a through hole is provided in the middle of the force transmission pin compression ring 5 for the piston rod 3 to pass through. Corresponding indentation guiding surfaces are provided on both the force transmission pin compression ring 5 and the force transmission pin 7 for cooperation. Specifically, the indentation guiding surface on the force transmission pin compression ring 5 is an upward and inward annular inclined cutting surface 5a provided at the edge of its middle through hole, and the indentation guiding surface on the force transmission pin 7 is a downward and outward inwardly tapered inclined surface 7a. When the piston core 12 descends to the bottom dead center, the inwardly tapered inclined surface 7a contacts the annular inclined cutting surface 5a, thereby pressing the force transmission pin 7 to move inward. In this embodiment, preferably, there are multiple force transmission pins 7, which are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, and all the force transmission pins 7 contact the annular inclined cutting surface 5a synchronously.

[0100] Embodiment 2:

[0101] SeeFigures 15 to 17 , the present invention provides a cylinder piston device, which includes a cylinder 4, a piston 1 and a piston rod 3. The cylinder 4 is successively provided with a core inner hole 4i and an N-stage sleeve inner hole 4j from top to bottom. In this embodiment, the number of stages N = 2. The cross-section of the core inner hole 4i to the N-stage sleeve inner hole 4j increases successively, that is, the cross-section of the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j is larger than that of the core inner hole 4i. In this way, an inter-stage stepped surface 4e is formed between the core inner hole 4i and the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j. The cross-section of the second-stage sleeve inner hole 4j is larger than that of the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j, and an inter-stage stepped surface 4e is also formed between them. The piston 1 successively includes a piston core 12 and an N-stage piston sleeve 11 from inside to outside. In this embodiment, the number of stages N = 2. The inner first-stage piston sleeve 11 is sleeved on the piston core 12 and can move relatively up and down. The outer second-stage piston sleeve 11 is sleeved on the first-stage piston sleeve 11 and can move relatively up and down. The second-stage piston sleeve 11 is located in the second-stage sleeve inner hole 4j and moves up and down therein.

[0102] For the cylinder piston device of this embodiment, compared with the first embodiment, the second-stage sleeve inner hole 4j and the second-stage piston sleeve 11 are added. Correspondingly, a force transmission mechanism is added between adjacent two-stage piston sleeves 11, and a sleeve locking mechanism 6 is added to realize the locking function of the second-stage piston sleeve 11. Among them, the structure and action principle between the first-stage piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 are basically the same, so they will not be described in detail, and reference can be made to the first embodiment.

[0103] In this embodiment, the second-stage piston sleeve 11 is located in the second-stage sleeve inner hole 4j and moves up and down therein. The first-stage and second-stage piston sleeves are respectively provided with a third limit stop surface and a fourth limit stop surface, and the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface will abut when the first-stage piston sleeve 11 moves upward relative to the second-stage piston sleeve 11. When the piston core 12 is at its top dead center, the upper end of the piston core 12 is located in the core inner hole 4i. The upper end of the first-stage piston sleeve 11 extends into the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j and is close to the inter-stage stepped surface 4e at the upper end of the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j. At this time, the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface of the two-stage piston sleeves 11 abut.

[0104] In this embodiment, a force transmission mechanism is also provided on the first-stage piston sleeve 11 for transmitting force to the second-stage piston sleeve 11. The structure and function of this force transmission mechanism are the same as those of the force transmission mechanism on the piston core 12. A force transmission pin hole is also provided on the outer side surface of the first-stage piston sleeve 11, and the force transmission pin 7 of the force transmission mechanism is installed in this force transmission pin hole. When the third limit stop surface on the first-stage piston sleeve 11 abuts against the fourth limit stop surface on the first-stage piston sleeve 11, the force transmission pin 7 on the inner first-stage piston sleeve 11 is located above the lower end surface of the outer piston sleeve 11, so it will partially or completely enter the inner cavity of the outer piston sleeve 11.

[0105] In this embodiment, when the piston core 12 reaches the top dead center, the positions of both two-stage piston sleeves 11 can be locked by the sleeve locking mechanism 6. The sleeve locking mechanism 6 adopts the same structure as that in the first embodiment, and the number is two, which are respectively used to lock the N-stage piston sleeve 11. That is, on the basis of the first embodiment, an additional sleeve locking mechanism 6 is added to lock the second-stage piston sleeve 11. The working principles of locking and unlocking of the two sleeve locking mechanisms 6 are basically the same. Specifically, when the second-stage piston sleeve 11 reaches its top dead center, the locking pin 6c of the sleeve locking mechanism 6 for locking the second-stage piston sleeve 11 abuts against the lower end face of the second-stage piston sleeve 11, thereby locking the position of the second-stage piston sleeve 11 so that it cannot move downward. At this time, the upper end face of the second-stage piston sleeve 11 and the upper end face of the first-stage piston sleeve 11 may be flush or not flush. The release of the sleeve locking mechanism 6 for locking the second-stage piston sleeve 11 is realized by the first-stage piston sleeve 11, and the principle is basically the same as that of the piston core 12 releasing the sleeve locking mechanism 6 for locking the first-stage piston sleeve 11. Specifically, an unlocking block 8 is also fixedly provided on the first-stage piston sleeve 11, and an unlocking inclined surface 8a is provided on the lower side of the unlocking block 8. When the first-stage piston sleeve 11 moves downward from its top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface 8a of the unlocking block 8 thereon can contact the unlocking pin 6b of the sleeve locking mechanism 6 for locking the second-stage piston sleeve 11, and drive the unlocking pin 6b to move outward until it retracts into the inner wall of the cylinder 4, thereby releasing the locking of the second-stage piston sleeve 11 and enabling the second-stage piston sleeve 11 to move downward smoothly. Moreover, when the second-stage piston sleeve 11 leaves its top dead center, at least one of the unlocking pin 6b, the retaining pin 6d and the locking pin 6c of its corresponding sleeve locking mechanism 6 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the second-stage piston sleeve 11 to ensure that the sleeve locking mechanism 6 remains in the unlocked state.

[0106] In this embodiment, when the piston core 12 reaches the bottom dead center, the force transmission release mechanism also contacts the force transmission pin 7 in the extended state on the first-stage piston sleeve 11, and compresses the force transmission pin 7 into the force transmission pin hole, so that the second-stage piston sleeve 11 can move downward relative to the first-stage piston sleeve 11 to the bottom dead center.

[0107] During the operation of the cylinder piston device in this embodiment, the working process and principle of the piston core 12 of the piston 1 and the first-stage piston sleeve 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The difference is that there is an additional action process of the second-stage piston sleeve 11. Similarly, taking the application in an engine as an example, when the cylinder piston device in this embodiment operates cyclically, the following processes are carried out in sequence:

[0108] (a) During the compression stroke, when the piston core 12 and the two-stage piston sleeve 11 are both at their bottom dead centers, the force transmission pin 7 on the piston core 12 retracts into the force transmission pin hole 12b under the action of the force transmission release mechanism. At the same time, the force transmission pin 7 on the first-stage piston sleeve 11 also retracts into the force transmission pin hole under the action of the force transmission release mechanism. The piston rod 3 drives the piston core 12 to move upward, and the force transmission pin 7 thereon can smoothly enter the first-stage piston sleeve 11. Since the upper end surfaces of the two-stage piston sleeve 11 are both subjected to gas pressure, the piston core 12 will move upward until the first limit stop surface 12a abuts against the second limit stop surface 11a of the first-stage piston sleeve 11. The piston core 12 drives the first-stage piston sleeve 11 to move upward synchronously through the pressure between the first limit stop surface 12a and the second limit stop surface 11a. Then, the first-stage piston sleeve 11 moves upward until the third limit stop surface abuts against the fourth limit stop surface of the second-stage piston sleeve 11, driving the second-stage piston sleeve 11 to move upward synchronously, and the entire piston 1 moves upward synchronously. When the piston core 12 reaches its top dead center, its upper part is located in the core inner hole 4i. The first-stage piston sleeve 11 reaches its top dead center, and its upper end extends into the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j, and its upper end surface is close to or abuts against the step surface 4e between stages at the upper end of the first-stage sleeve inner hole 4j. The corresponding sleeve locking mechanism 6 locks the first-stage piston sleeve 11 at its top dead center. At the same time, the second-stage piston sleeve 11 reaches its top dead center, and its upper end surface is close to or abuts against the step surface 4e between stages at the upper end of the second-stage sleeve inner hole 4j. The corresponding sleeve locking mechanism 6 locks the second-stage piston sleeve 11 at its top dead center.

[0109] (b) During the power stroke, both piston sleeves 11 of the two-stage piston remain stationary first. Under the action of high-pressure combustion gas, the piston core 12 moves downward first. When the force-transmitting pin 7 on the piston core 12 reaches the lower end face of the first-stage piston sleeve 11, the force-transmitting pin 7 extends out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12 under the action of the force-transmitting elastic structure. At the same time, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 releases the locking of the first-stage piston sleeve 11. The combustion gas acts on the upper end face of the first-stage piston sleeve 11, and the formed pressure pushes the first-stage piston sleeve 11 downward. And this pressure is preferably greater than the pressure acting on the piston core 12. When the first-stage piston sleeve 11 moves downward, its lower end face will push the force-transmitting pin 7, so as to move downward synchronously with the piston core 12. At the same time, when the force-transmitting pin 7 on the first-stage piston sleeve 11 reaches the lower end face of the second-stage piston sleeve 11, the force-transmitting pin 7 extends out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12 under the action of the force-transmitting elastic structure. At the same time, the sleeve locking mechanism 6 releases the locking of the second-stage piston sleeve 11. The combustion gas acts on the upper end face of the second-stage piston sleeve 11, and the formed pressure pushes the second-stage piston sleeve 11 downward. And this pressure is preferably greater than the pressure acting on the first-stage piston sleeve 11. When the second-stage piston sleeve 11 moves downward, its lower end face will push the force-transmitting pin 7 on the first-stage piston sleeve 11, so as to move downward synchronously with the first-stage piston sleeve 11. In this way, the entire piston 1 moves downward synchronously as a whole. During the process that the piston core 12 approaches and reaches its bottom dead center, the force-transmitting pin 7 on the piston core 12 retracts into the force-transmitting pin hole 12b under the action of the force-transmitting release mechanism and does not extend out of the outer peripheral surface of the piston core 12. The first-stage piston sleeve 11 can reach its bottom dead center synchronously with the piston core 12 or can reach it out of sync. At this time, the first-stage piston sleeve 11 will continue to move downward under the action of the combustion gas pressure and then reach its bottom dead center. At the same time, the force-transmitting pin 7 on the second-stage piston sleeve 11 will also retract under the action of the force-transmitting release mechanism. The second-stage piston sleeve 11 can reach its bottom dead center synchronously with the first-stage piston sleeve 11 or can reach it out of sync. At this time, the second-stage piston sleeve 11 will continue to move downward under the action of the combustion gas pressure and then reach its bottom dead center.

[0110] (c) During the exhaust stroke, the piston rod 3 drives the piston core 12 to move upward. The piston core 12 will push the first-stage piston sleeve 11 to move upward together through the pressure between the first limiting surface 12a and the second limiting surface 11a. The first-stage piston sleeve 11 will push the second-stage piston sleeve 11 to move upward together through the pressure between the third limiting surface and the fourth limiting surface. The piston 1 can move upward synchronously as a whole. Then the piston core 12 reaches its top dead center, and the two-stage piston sleeves 11 also reach their top dead centers. Their upper end faces abut against or are close to the corresponding step surfaces 4e between stages. The corresponding sleeve locking mechanisms 6 lock the two-stage piston sleeves 11 at their top dead centers respectively.

[0111] (d) Intake stroke process, which is the same as the above power stroke process, except that the uncompressed gas in the cylinder pushes the piston 1 downward, so the specific process will not be described in detail.

[0112] Therefore, when the cylinder piston device in this embodiment is adopted, in the power stroke, it is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the two-stage piston sleeve 11 remains stationary while the piston core 12 moves first. In the second stage, the first-stage piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 move downward synchronously, while the second-stage piston sleeve 11... Therefore, when the gas pressure is the highest, the force is transmitted only through a part of the cross-section of the piston 1 (the cross-section part of the piston core 12) and is transmitted through the piston rod 3, and finally transmitted to the crank. Then in the third stage, the second-stage piston sleeve 11, the first-stage piston sleeve 11 and the piston core 12 move downward synchronously.

[0113] In other embodiments of the cylinder piston device of the present invention, more levels of inner holes 4j and piston sleeves 11 can be added according to actual situations, that is, the number of levels N can be 3 or more. Correspondingly, a force transmission mechanism is added between adjacent two-stage piston sleeves 11, and a sleeve locking mechanism 6 is correspondingly added to lock each stage of piston sleeve 11 respectively. In the case of adding more levels of inner holes 4j and piston sleeves 11, its structure and working principle are the same as those when the second-level inner hole 4j and piston sleeve 11 are added in the second embodiment, so it will not be described in detail one by one.

[0114] The present invention also provides a power device, including a connecting rod and a crank. The crank is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and also includes the above-mentioned cylinder piston device, and the lower end of the piston rod of the cylinder piston device is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod. In the power device, the piston 1 can be the active moving part and the crank can be the passive moving part. At this time, the power device can be an internal combustion engine, a hydraulic power cylinder, etc. Or the crank can be the active moving part and the piston 1 can be the passive moving part. At this time, the power device can be a compressor, an oil pump, etc.

[0115] The cylinder piston device and the power device of the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0116] 1. By setting the piston 1 composed of the piston core 12 and the piston sleeve 11, when used in an internal combustion engine, in the initial stage with extremely high gas pressure, the force-bearing surface of the piston 1 under the action of the gas is small, avoiding excessive impact torque on the crankshaft and making the gas driving force acting on the piston 1 be converted into torque more evenly.

[0117] 2. In the second stage, when the piston core and the piston sleeve are stressed as a whole to drive the connecting rod and the crank to rotate, the crank has rotated a certain angle. At this time, the lever arm of the force transmitted to the crank center by the connecting rod can increase. Moreover, the volume of the gas expansion in the initial stage is only the space swept by the movement of the piston core end face, which is much smaller than the space swept by the piston end face of the same specification of the traditional engine moving the same distance. At this time and in the subsequent process, the pressure in the cylinder is significantly higher than that of the traditional engine, so that a greater driving force can be generated, and the driving force can be effectively converted into a torque that matches the value to drive the crankshaft to rotate, which is beneficial to improving the power of the engine.

[0118] 3. By setting the unlocking block 8 and the sleeve locking mechanism 6, the locking and automatic unlocking of the piston sleeve at the top dead center can be automatically completed, which is automatic and efficient, and a pure mechanical structure is adopted, and the process is smooth, stable and reliable.

[0119] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0120] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cylinder piston device, comprising a cylinder (4), a piston (1) and a piston rod (3), characterized in that: The cylinder (4) is provided with a core inner hole (4i) and an N-stage sleeve inner hole (4j) from top to bottom in sequence, where N≥1, and the cross-section increases gradually from the core inner hole (4i) to the N-stage sleeve inner hole (4j). There are inter-stage stepped surfaces (4e) between the core inner hole (4i) and the uppermost first-stage sleeve inner hole (4j), and between adjacent two-stage sleeve inner holes (4j). The piston (1) includes a piston core (12) and an N-stage piston sleeve (11) from inside to outside in sequence. The innermost first-stage piston sleeve (11) is sleeved on the piston core (12) and can move relatively up and down. When N≥2, the outer-stage piston sleeve (11) is sleeved on the inner-stage piston sleeve (11) and can move relatively up and down. Inner piston rings are provided between the piston core (12) and the first-stage piston sleeve (11), and between adjacent two-stage piston sleeves (11). The lower end of the piston core (12) is connected to the piston rod (3). The piston core (12) and the first-stage piston sleeve (11) are respectively provided with a first limit stop surface (12a) and a second limit stop surface (11a), and the piston core (12) can move upward relative to the first-stage piston sleeve (11) until the first limit stop surface (12a) abuts against the second limit stop surface (11a). The adjacent two-stage piston sleeves (11) are respectively provided with a third limit stop surface and a fourth limit stop surface, and the inner-stage piston sleeve (11) can move upward relative to the outer-stage piston sleeve (11) until the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface abut against each other. The N-stage piston sleeve (11) is located in the N-stage sleeve inner hole (4j). When the piston core (12) is at its top dead center, the upper end of the piston core (12) is located in the core inner hole (4i), the upper ends of the i-stage piston sleeves (11) are respectively located in the i-stage sleeve inner holes (4j), where N≥i≥1, and the first limit stop surface (12a) of the piston core (12) and the second limit stop surface (11a) of the first-stage piston sleeve (11) abut against each other, and the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface of the adjacent two-stage piston sleeves (11) abut against each other.The cylinder piston device further includes a sleeve locking mechanism (6), a force transmission mechanism, and a force transmission release mechanism. The force transmission mechanism is respectively provided on the piston core (12) and the piston sleeves (11) within the Nth stage. The force transmission mechanism includes a force transmission pin (7) disposed in a force transmission pin hole (12b) on the outer side surface of the piston core (12) or the piston sleeve (11), and a force transmission elastic structure acting on the force transmission pin (7). The force transmission pin (7) can move in the force transmission pin hole (12b) to extend or retract into the force transmission pin hole (12b). The force transmission elastic structure applies an elastic force to the force transmission pin (7) to drive the force transmission pin (7) to move outward. When the first limit stop surface (12a) of the piston core (12) abuts against the second limit stop surface (11a) on the first-stage piston sleeve (11), the force transmission pin (7) on the piston core (12) is located above the lower end surface of the piston sleeve (11). When the third limit stop surface and the fourth limit stop surface of two adjacent piston sleeves (11) abut against each other, the force transmission pin (7) on the inner piston sleeve (11) is located above the lower end surface of the outer piston sleeve (11); when the piston core (12) reaches the top dead center, the positions of all piston sleeves (11) can be locked by the sleeve locking mechanism (6). When the piston core (12) descends from its top dead center to the point where the upper end of the force transmission pin (7) thereon reaches the lower end surface of the first-stage piston sleeve (11), the force transmission pin (7) extends out of the force transmission pin hole (12b) and the sleeve locking mechanism (6) releases the locking of this piston sleeve (11). When the inner piston sleeve (11) of two adjacent piston sleeves (11) descends from its top dead center to the point where the upper end of the force transmission pin (7) thereon reaches the lower end surface of the outer piston sleeve (11), the force transmission pin (7) extends out of the force transmission pin hole (12b) and the sleeve locking mechanism (6) releases the locking of the outer piston sleeve (11); when the piston core (12) descends to its bottom dead center, the force transmission release mechanism contacts the force transmission pin (7) in the extended state and compresses the force transmission pin (7) into the force transmission pin hole (12b).; 2. The cylinder piston device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force transmission release mechanism includes a force transmission pin pressing ring (5), the force transmission pin pressing ring (5) is installed at the lower end of the cylinder (4), and an indentation guiding surface is provided on the force transmission pin pressing ring (5) and / or the force transmission pin (7). When the piston core (12) descends to its lower dead center, the force transmission pin (7) in the extended state will contact the force transmission pin pressing ring (5) through the indentation guiding surface, causing the force transmission pin (7) to be compressed and retracted into the force transmission pin hole (12b).

3. The cylinder piston device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first limiting surface (12a) of the piston core (12) abuts against the second limiting surface (11a) of the first-stage piston sleeve (11), the upper end surface of the piston core (12) extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve (11). When the third limiting surface and the fourth limiting surface of adjacent two-stage piston sleeves (11) abut against each other, the upper end surface of the inner piston sleeve extends out of the upper end surface of the outer piston sleeve.

4. The cylinder piston device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (4) is provided with an unlocking pin through hole (4f), a retaining pin through hole (4h) and a locking pin through hole (4g), and the retaining pin through hole (4h) is located below the locking pin through hole. The sleeve locking mechanism (6) includes a force transmission plate (6a), a locking elastic structure, an unlocking pin (6b), a retaining pin (6d) and a locking pin (6c). The unlocking pin (6b), the retaining pin (6d) and the locking pin (6c) are respectively located in the unlocking pin through hole (4f), the retaining pin through hole (4h) and the locking pin through hole (4g). The outer ends of the unlocking pin (6b), the retaining pin (6d) and the locking pin (6c) are all connected to the force transmission plate (6a) and move with the force transmission plate (6a). The locking elastic structure applies an elastic force to the force transmission plate (6a) to drive the force transmission plate (6a) to press against the outer wall of the cylinder (4). At this time, the inner ends of the unlocking pin (6b), the retaining pin (6d) and the locking pin (6c) all extend into the cylinder (4). When the force transmission plate (6a) approaches or moves away from the cylinder (4), the unlocking pin (6b), the retaining pin (6d) and the locking pin (6c) can synchronously extend or retract into the inner wall of the cylinder (4). The sleeve locking mechanism (6) is N in number and is used to lock N-level piston sleeves (11) respectively. When the piston sleeve (11) is at the top dead center, the locking pin (6c) of the corresponding sleeve locking mechanism (6) abuts against the lower end face of the piston sleeve (11). An unlocking block (8) is fixedly arranged on the piston core (12). When N≥2, an unlocking block (8) is also fixedly arranged on the piston sleeve (11) within the Nth level. An unlocking inclined surface (8a) is arranged on the lower side of the unlocking block (8). When the piston core (12) moves downward from its top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface (8a) of the unlocking block (8) on it can contact the unlocking pin (6b) of the sleeve locking mechanism (6) for locking the ith-level piston sleeve (11) and drive the unlocking pin (6b) to move outward until it retracts into the inner wall of the cylinder (4). When N≥2, when the inner piston sleeve (11) of two adjacent piston sleeves (11) moves downward from its top dead center, the unlocking inclined surface (8a) of the unlocking block (8) on it can contact the unlocking pin (6b) of the sleeve locking mechanism (6) for locking the outer piston sleeve (11) and drive the unlocking pin (6b) to move outward until it retracts into the inner wall of the cylinder (4). When the piston sleeve (11) leaves its top dead center, at least one of the unlocking pin (6b), the retaining pin (6d) and the locking pin (6c) of the corresponding sleeve locking mechanism (6) abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the piston sleeve (11).

5. The cylinder piston device according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the outermost piston sleeve (11) in the piston (1) is at its bottom dead center, the unlocking pins (6b), the retaining pins (6d) and the locking pins (6c) of all the sleeve locking mechanisms (6) are located below the upper end face of the piston sleeve (11).

6. The cylinder piston device according to claim 4, wherein: The sleeve locking mechanism (6) further includes a guiding assembly arranged between the force transmission plate (6a) and the cylinder (4), and the guiding assembly is used to guide and restrict the linear movement of the force transmission plate (6a).

7. The cylinder piston device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The series number N = 1. The piston sleeve (11) includes a first-stage sleeve section (11b) and a second-stage sleeve section (11c) connected to the lower end of the first-stage sleeve section (11b). The inner hole of the second-stage sleeve section (11c) is larger than that of the first-stage sleeve section (11b), and the stepped surface between the two inner holes forms a second limiting stop surface (11a). The piston core (12) includes a first-stage core section (12d) and a second-stage core section (12e) connected to the lower end of the first-stage core section (12d). The cross-section of the first-stage core section (12d) is smaller than that of the second-stage core section (12e), and the stepped surface between the two forms a first limiting stop surface (12a). The first-stage core section (12d) is located in the first-stage sleeve section (11b), and the two are adapted and in clearance fit. The second-stage core section (12e) is located in the second-stage sleeve section (11c), and the two are adapted and in clearance fit. The length of the first-stage core section (12d) is greater than the length of the first-stage sleeve section (11b). When the first limiting stop surface (12a) abuts against the second limiting stop surface (11a), the upper end of the first-stage core section (12d) extends out of the upper end surface of the piston sleeve. The inner piston ring is arranged between the first-stage core section (12d) and the first-stage sleeve section (11b).

8. The cylinder piston device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner holes of the first-stage sleeve section (11b) and the second-stage sleeve section (11c) of the piston sleeve (11) are both cylindrical and coaxial.

9. The cylinder piston device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A hollow inner hole is provided in the second-stage core section. The force transmission pin hole (12b) on the piston core (12) is arranged on the second-stage core section (12e) and penetrates through to the hollow inner hole. The force transmission elastic structure is installed in the hollow inner hole of the second-stage core section and abuts against the inner end of the force transmission pin (7).

10. A power device, comprising a connecting rod and a crank, the crank being hinged to one end of the connecting rod, characterized in that: It further includes the cylinder piston device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the lower end of the piston rod of the cylinder piston device is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod.

Images