Integrated external heat cycle system for water-cooled engine of heavy vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, in particular to an integrated outside-vehicle heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle, which comprises an outside-vehicle heating device, a circulation pipeline, a control module and a safety protection module, the vehicle exterior heating device is connected with an engine cooling liquid loop through the circulation pipeline and used for leading out engine cooling liquid, preheating the engine cooling liquid, filtering the engine cooling liquid and then circulating the engine cooling liquid to an engine, and vehicle body small circulation is driven through system large circulation. The control module is used for controlling the operation of the heating device outside the vehicle and the circulating pipeline; the safety protection module is used for monitoring and guaranteeing safe operation of the system. The system has three-in-one functions of heating, filtering and detecting, can accurately control heat and pressure in the aspect of heat management, ensures uniform heating and preheating, adopts two-stage filtering for filtering, effectively filters impurities, so that the cooling liquid has better performance, equipment is provided with a freezing point detector, and the system has the advantages of being economical and practical, practical in function, quick and efficient, safe in protection, intelligent in management and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of military equipment, and particularly to an integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Traditional heaters rely on fuel, and fuel heating is significantly affected by ambient temperature and oxygen content. In extremely cold regions, poor fuel atomization leads to slow heating speed, making it difficult to raise the coolant (such as 1300L of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze) from -20°C to the operating temperature above 80°C within a short time, unable to meet the cold start preheating requirements of the engine; in plateau regions, due to thin oxygen, incomplete fuel combustion not only greatly reduces the heating efficiency, but also generates a large amount of carbon deposits, exacerbates equipment wear, increases maintenance costs, reduces the service life of the system, and increases the failure rate.

[0003] Moreover, the traditional system lacks an integrated intelligent control module and cannot achieve functions such as remote monitoring, timed start, and automatic circulation. It can only rely on on-site manual operation, making it difficult to meet the real-time temperature control requirements in complex scenarios, and the temperature control accuracy is low. It cannot achieve multi-stage heating control, PWM pulse width modulation control, and temperature PID control, easily resulting in excessive fluctuations in the coolant temperature and affecting the performance stability of the engine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle. To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine vehicle includes an external heating device, a circulation pipeline, a control module, and a safety protection module; the external heating device is connected to the engine coolant circuit through the circulation pipeline, and is used to export, preheat, filter the engine coolant and then circulate it to the engine, driving the small circulation of the vehicle body through the large circulation of the system; the control module is used to control the operation of the external heating device and the circulation pipeline; the safety protection module is used to monitor and ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0005] Preferably, the external heating device includes an electric heating pipe, a liquid storage tank, an inlet circulation pump, and an outlet circulation pump. The engine - outlet circulation pump - liquid storage tank - heating pipe - inlet circulation pump are connected end to end through the circulation pipeline. The liquid storage tank is used to store the coolant, the electric heating pipe is used to heat the coolant coming out of the liquid storage tank, and the inlet circulation pump and the outlet circulation pump are used to drive the coolant to circulate in the circulation pipeline, the liquid storage tank, the vehicle body, and the engine.

[0006] Preferably, a primary filter and a secondary filter are provided on the circulation pipeline. The primary filter is arranged at the inlet of the water inlet circulation pump for rough filtering of coolant impurities, and the secondary filter is arranged at the outlet of the water storage circulation pump for fine filtering of coolant impurities.

[0007] Preferably, a quick-sealing joint is provided on the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline in the vehicle body is divided into a vehicle body drainage pipeline and a vehicle body water inlet pipeline, and the quick-sealing joint is connected in parallel between the vehicle body drainage pipeline and the vehicle body water inlet pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, the control module includes a remote control module, a timing module, and a one-key circulation module; the remote control module is used to control the system operation through mobile phone networking, the timing module is used to control the system operation at a fixed time, and the one-key circulation module is used to realize the automatic circulation of the system; the control module further includes a thermal management logic unit, and the thermal management logic unit includes a data acquisition layer, a logic processing layer, and an execution layer; the data acquisition layer includes a temperature sensor, a water level sensor, and a pressure sensor for collecting system operation data; the logic processing layer is used to perform multi-stage heating control, PWM pulse width modulation control, and temperature PID control according to the collected data; the execution layer includes a solid-state relay, a contactor group, and a variable-frequency water pump for executing control instructions.

[0009] The advantages of this design are as follows: Through the remote control module (mobile phone networking), the timing module, and the one-key circulation module, the preheating task can be automatically executed in an unattended scenario to meet the emergency start-up requirements. The thermal management logic unit collects data in real time through temperature sensors (dual-channel redundancy), pressure sensors, and water level sensors, and combines multi-stage heating control, PWM pulse width modulation, and temperature PID control to realize dynamic adjustment of heating power (such as slow heating at 50% power in the low-temperature section to prevent thermal stress damage, and full power rapid heating in the medium and high-temperature sections), with a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C, avoiding engine performance fluctuations caused by rough temperature control in traditional systems.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature sensor includes a dual-channel temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the heating element, the water outlet, and the water return port; the water level sensor is used to monitor the liquid level in the liquid storage tank; the pressure sensor is used to monitor the system pressure and trigger the safety valve to relieve pressure.

[0011] Preferably, the safety protection module includes a four-level protection mechanism: the primary protection is soft shutdown triggered by the water level / temperature sensor. The advantage is that the soft shutdown triggered by the water level / temperature sensor can give an early warning of abnormal states; The secondary protection is hardware circuit protection, including a fuse and an RCD; the advantage is to block the risk of electric leakage; The third protection is a mechanical safety valve. The mechanical safety valve monitors the system pressure in real time and automatically relieves pressure when overpressure occurs; The fourth-level protection is an emergency power-off button with physical isolation. The physical isolation emergency power-off button supports rapid shutdown in extreme cases; The safety protection module also includes grounding protection, insulation monitoring, and dry-running prevention protection. The dry-running prevention protection automatically cuts off the power when the liquid level is lower than the safety value or the circulation pump fails through a liquid level sensor and a flow switch. It comprehensively reduces safety hazards such as electric leakage, water leakage, and explosion, and the system failure rate is reduced by more than 80% compared with the traditional solution.

[0012] Preferably, the heating power of the system is 48kW or more, which is used to heat 1300L of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze from -20°C to 80°C; the freezing point of the antifreeze is ≤ -20°C, and the boiling point is ≥ 120°C; the system temperature is heated from -20°C to 85°C within 2 hours and is controlled at a constant temperature, and the subsequent constant water temperature is in the range of 80°C ± 2°C. This enables the electric heating not to rely on fuel and oxygen, completely solves the problem of heating efficiency attenuation in harsh environments such as extremely cold and high-altitude areas, avoids carbon deposition, and extends the equipment life by more than 50%.

[0013] Preferably, the circulation pipeline adopts a hierarchical parallel circulation structure, dividing multiple liquid storage tanks into 3 groups, with 5 liquid storage tanks in each group, and adopting a "main - branch - parallel" three-level circulation loop: the first-level loop is from the electric boiler → main pipeline → intelligent flow distribution valve group; the second-level loop is from the flow distribution valve group → branch pipeline; the third-level loop is that each group of liquid storage tanks is evenly connected through parallel capillary tubes, achieving a flow error of < 5% in each group. Advantage The design advantage of the hierarchical parallel circulation structure is that when a certain group of liquid storage tanks, pipelines, or components (such as circulation pumps, heating pipes) fails, only this group needs to be isolated for maintenance, without affecting the normal operation of other groups, avoiding the problem of "one failure, the entire system paralysis" in the traditional series structure. It can also avoid the "flow deviation" problem (excessive / insufficient flow in some branches) caused by differences in pipeline length and resistance in the traditional parallel structure, ensuring that all coolant can be evenly heated, improving the heating efficiency, and reducing equipment damage caused by local overheating. It is especially suitable for complex scenarios with multiple liquid storage tanks and large flow rates in heavy vehicles, ensuring that the system has high availability and economy while achieving efficient heating.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a heat preservation module. The heat preservation module includes a polyurethane heat preservation pipe with a pipe heat preservation thickness ≥ 50mm and a heat preservation cotton pad covering the vehicle body water tank, which is used to reduce the heat loss of the circulation pipeline and the vehicle body water tank.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are: 1. The thermal management logic of the heat cycle system is significantly different from that of the traditional heater. Its core relies on the efficient control of the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, while the traditional heater relies on fuel. In terms of efficiency, the traditional heater has a long heating time and cannot meet the constant temperature requirements under extremely cold conditions, especially the high-altitude cold conditions. Combustion is affected by the oxygen content, and the combustion ratio is greatly reduced, which leads to increased carbon deposits in the heater, reduced service life and increased failure rate. The heat cycle system uses renewable energy in energy consumption, which is more cost-effective. The cost required for the system to maintain a constant temperature around the clock is about 5%.

[0016] 2. The system has three-in-one functions of heating, filtering and detection. In terms of thermal management, it can accurately control heat and pressure to ensure uniform heating and preheating. The filtration adopts two-stage filtration to effectively filter out impurities, thereby improving the performance of the coolant. The equipment comes with an ice point detector, which takes into account the advantages of economy, practicality, speed, efficiency, safety protection and intelligent management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A diagram showing the relationship between system modules for an integrated off-vehicle heat circulation system; Figure 2 This is a multi-layer architecture diagram of thermal management logic; Figure 3 This is a heating line diagram under 0℃ environment; Figure 4 This is a heating line diagram under -20℃ environment; Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of the circulation pipeline; Figure 6 It is the hierarchical parallel diagram of the liquid storage tank; Figure 7 This is the intelligent control logic diagram for the integrated off-vehicle heat circulation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an integrated off-vehicle heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy-duty vehicle includes an off-vehicle heating device, a circulation pipeline, a control module and a safety protection module; the off-vehicle heating device is connected to the engine coolant circuit through the circulation pipeline, and is used to lead the engine coolant to the engine for preheating, filtering and then circulating it, and drive the vehicle body small circulation through the system large circulation; the control module is used to control the operation of the off-vehicle heating device and the circulation pipeline; the safety protection module is used to monitor and ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0020] It also includes a heat preservation module, which includes a polyurethane heat preservation pipe with a pipe heat preservation thickness of ≥50 mm and a heat preservation cotton pad covering the vehicle body water tank, and is used to reduce the heat loss of the circulation pipeline and the vehicle body water tank.

[0021] The external heating device of the vehicle is connected to the engine coolant circuit through the circulation pipeline, and is used to export the engine coolant for preheating, filtering, and then circulating it to the engine, driving the small circulation of the vehicle body through the large circulation of the system; specifically, the external heating device includes an electric heating pipe, a liquid storage tank, an inlet circulation pump, and an outlet circulation pump. The engine - outlet circulation pump - liquid storage tank - heating pipe - inlet circulation pump are connected end to end through the circulation pipeline. The liquid storage tank is used to store the coolant, the electric heating pipe is used to heat the coolant coming out of the liquid storage tank, and the inlet circulation pump and the outlet circulation pump are used to drive the coolant to circulate in the circulation pipeline, the liquid storage tank, the vehicle body, and the engine.

[0022] A 3000 - mesh filter oil cup is added to prevent excessive impurities in the antifreeze. The filter oil cup is detachable for convenient regular cleaning. Therefore, a primary filter and a secondary filter are provided on the circulation pipeline. The primary filter is set at the inlet of the inlet circulation pump for rough filtering of coolant impurities, and the secondary filter is set at the outlet of the water storage circulation pump for fine filtering of coolant impurities.

[0023] In addition, a quick - seal joint is provided on the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline in the vehicle body is divided into a vehicle body drainage pipeline and a vehicle body water inlet pipeline. The quick - seal joint is connected in parallel between the vehicle body drainage pipeline and the vehicle body water inlet pipeline. The quick - seal joint can connect and disconnect the circulation system in 3 seconds.

[0024] The control module includes a remote control module, a timing module, and a one - key circulation module; the remote control module is used to control the system operation through mobile phone networking, the timing module is used to control the system operation at a fixed time, and the one - key circulation module is used to realize the automatic circulation of the system; the control module also includes a thermal management logic unit, and the thermal management logic unit includes a data acquisition layer, a logic processing layer, and an execution layer; the data acquisition layer includes a temperature sensor, a water level sensor, and a pressure sensor, which are used to collect the system operation data. Specifically, the temperature sensor is on the surface of the heating element, the water outlet, and the water return port, the water level sensor prevents dry burning, and the pressure sensor detects the magnitude of the inlet and outlet water pressures; the logic processing layer is used to perform multi - level heating control, PWM pulse width modulation control, and temperature PID control according to the collected data; the execution layer includes a solid - state relay, a contactor group, and a variable - frequency water pump, which are used to execute control instructions.

[0025] The multi - level heating control is specifically to dynamically enable / disable the heating element group according to the required power (such as 6 - mode 3 - level power adjustment), which are respectively for high - temperature environment, low - temperature environment, and extremely cold environment (low - temperature preheating, medium - temperature heat control, high - temperature heating).

[0026] PWM pulse width modulation control realizes continuous adjustment of heating power by adjusting the duty cycle.

[0027] Temperature PID control adjusts the energization time or power output of the heating element according to the deviation between the set temperature and the actual temperature, and combines with feedforward control to cope with sudden changes in the inlet water temperature.

[0028] The execution layer includes a solid-state relay, a contactor group and a variable-frequency water pump, which are used to execute control instructions. The specific operations are as follows: The solid-state relay (SSR) controls the heating element by high-frequency on-off. The contactor group is used for hierarchical switching of high-power heating elements. The variable-frequency water pump adjusts the water circulation speed to match the heating demand. The energy storage system interface controls the charging and discharging process of the hot water storage tank.

[0029] The temperature sensor includes a dual-channel temperature sensor arranged on the surface of the heating element, the water outlet and the water return port; the water level sensor is used to monitor the liquid level in the liquid storage tank; the pressure sensor is used to monitor the system pressure and trigger the safety valve to relieve pressure.

[0030] The safety protection module includes a four-level protection mechanism: The first-level protection is soft shutdown triggered by the water level / temperature sensor; the second-level protection is hardware circuit protection, including fuses and RCDs; the third-level protection is a mechanical safety valve; the fourth-level protection is an emergency power-off button with physical isolation. Grounding protection: Monitor the grounding resistance of the equipment and alarm in case of abnormality. Insulation monitoring: Regularly detect the insulation performance of the heating element. Dry-run protection: Configure a liquid level sensor and a flow switch to automatically cut off the power when the liquid level is lower than the safety value or the circulation pump fails. Dual-channel temperature sensor (main control + redundancy), real-time monitoring of the antifreeze temperature, automatically shut down when the temperature exceeds the limit (≥85°C). The pressure sensor monitors the system temperature and starts the safety valve to relieve pressure in case of abnormality.

[0031] The safety protection module also includes grounding protection, insulation monitoring and dry-run protection. The dry-run protection realizes automatic power-off when the liquid level is lower than the safety value or the circulation pump fails through a liquid level sensor and a flow switch.

[0032] The heating power of the system is 48kW or above, which is used to heat 1300L of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze from -20°C to 80°C; specifically, the requirement of the circulation system is that the supporting circulation pump flow rate ≥ 5m³ / h (to ensure uniform heating of the water flow), and the starting condition is that when the temperature < 80°C, the heating is automatically started.

[0033] The staged heating is divided into two stages. The first stage is the low-temperature stage (-20°C to 0°C): slow heating at 50% power to avoid thermal stress damage to the equipment. The second stage is the medium-high temperature stage (0°C to 80°C): full-power operation, combined with forced circulation of the circulation pump to ensure uniform temperature rise.

[0034] The freezing point of the antifreeze is ≤ -20°C, and the boiling point is ≥ 120°C; a heating pipe made of 304 stainless steel is used to reduce the corrosion of ethanol to metals. The system temperature is heated from -20°C to 85°C within 2 hours and is controlled at a constant temperature. The subsequent constant water temperature is in the range of 80°C ± 2°C. At the same time, the whole vehicle transmission part is heated through the metal heat conduction effect, enabling various gears to be selected for driving immediately after starting. During the circulation process, metal impurities in the coolant are filtered to ensure that the coolant after circulation can better play its performance when operating in a water-cooled engine (the heating pipe assembly and the water pump are in a one-for-one standby mode. The purpose is to switch to the standby device when the current used device has been in use for too long, and to switch to the standby device when the current device fails).

[0035] Initial heating power calculation: Heat Q = mass × specific heat × temperature difference = 1300 kg × 1 kcal / kg°C × 60°C = 78000 kcal.

[0036] Converted to kilowatt-hours: 1 kwh = 860 kcal, so 84000 / 860 ≈ 90.69 kwh Power P = energy / time = 90.69 kwh / 2 hours ≈ 45.34 kw To meet the requirements of improving thermal efficiency, adapting to harsh weather conditions, and meeting the rapid heating demand, a 10% redundancy design is added according to the long-term operating cost and equipment performance. 45.34 + 45.34 × 10% ≈ 48 Kw, heater power: 48 kW (meeting the power demand for heating 1300 L of antifreeze from -20°C to 80°C), antifreeze capacity: 1300 L, and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze is selected (freezing point ≤ -20°C, boiling point ≥ 120°C) to ensure low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature stability.

[0037] Heating time calculation: Theoretical heating time (without heat loss): t = \frac{1300L \times 2.4kJ / (kg·℃) \times 100℃}{48kW \times 3600s} ≈ 1.8 hours. An actual 30% - 50% margin needs to be added (considering heat loss and heat preservation efficiency), and the total duration is about 2.5 - 3 hours.

[0038] The circulating pipeline adopts a hierarchical parallel circulation structure. Multiple liquid storage tanks are divided into 3 groups, with 5 liquid storage tanks in each group, and a "main - branch - sub - branch" three - level circulation loop is adopted: the first - level loop is from the electric boiler → main pipeline → intelligent flow - dividing valve group; the second - level loop is from the flow - dividing valve group → branch pipeline; the third - level loop is that each group of liquid storage tanks is evenly connected through parallel capillary tubes to achieve a flow error of < 5% in each group.

[0039] Combined with the above embodiments, the intelligent control logic of the system is divided into three parts. For details, see the intelligent control flowchart in the attached drawings of the specification: The first part, system startup and self - inspection 1. Startup Trigger: After the system receives a startup instruction (such as a remote control signal, timed trigger, or one-key cycling operation), it enters the initialization process.

[0040] 2. Multi-dimensional Self-check: Water level monitoring - The coolant level is detected by a water level sensor in the liquid storage tank. If it is lower than the safety threshold, a first-level protection soft shutdown is triggered and an alarm is given. Circuit and insulation detection - The safety protection module performs ground resistance monitoring and insulation performance detection of the heating element. When abnormal, an alarm is given and the power supply is blocked. Pressure pre-check - The pressure sensor continuously monitors the initial pressure of the system. When the pressure exceeds the limit, the mechanical safety valve is triggered in advance to relieve pressure.

[0041] 3. Self-check Result Processing: If normal, it enters the coolant circulation process. If abnormal, an alarm is immediately triggered and the machine stops. It is necessary to manually check the fault and then restart.

[0042] Part Two: Coolant Circulation and Heating Control 1. Circulation Startup: After the self-check passes, the inlet circulation pump and the outlet circulation pump start, driving the coolant to circulate along the path of "engine → outlet circulation pump → liquid storage tank → electric heating tube → inlet circulation pump → engine", and driving the small circulation of the vehicle body through the large circulation of the system.

[0043] 2. Temperature Setting and Monitoring: Read the temperature value preset by the user (such as the target constant temperature of 80°C ± 2°C). The dual-channel temperature sensors (on the surface of the heating element, the outlet, and the return port) collect temperature data in real time and transmit it to the logic processing layer. The logic processing layer calculates the heating power deviation through the temperature PID control algorithm; combines multi-level heating strategies for dynamic adjustment, that is, in the low-temperature section (-20°C → 40°C), it heats slowly at 50% power (24kW) to avoid thermal stress damage to the equipment. In the medium and high-temperature sections (40°C → 85°C), it heats up quickly at full power (48kW). It can heat 1300L of antifreeze from -20°C to 85°C within 2 hours.

[0044] 3. Constant Temperature Control: After reaching the target temperature, the logic processing layer switches to PWM pulse width modulation control, and fine-tunes the heating power and flow through the solid-state relay and the variable-frequency water pump to maintain the water temperature within the range of 80°C ± 2°C.

[0045] Part Three: Integration of Intelligent Control Functions 1. Remote and Automatic Control: Remotely start and stop the equipment and adjust the temperature setting value. After the one-key cycling module is triggered, it automatically completes the entire process of "self-check → heating → constant temperature → circulation" without manual intervention.

[0046] 2. Flow and Filtration Control: The liquid storage tank is divided into 3 groups (5 in each group), and the flow is evenly distributed through a three-level loop of "main - branch - sub-branch", with the flow error of each group < 5%, avoiding the "flow deviation" problem of the traditional parallel architecture. The primary filter (import of the water inlet circulation pump) filters out coarse impurities, and the secondary filter (export of the liquid storage tank) filters finely to ensure the cleanliness of the coolant.

[0047] Through the above logic, the system realizes the full-process intelligent control from startup, self-check, heating to safety protection, solves the efficiency bottleneck of traditional fuel heaters in extremely cold and high-altitude environments, and combines precise temperature control, high reliability and operational convenience.

[0048] The above has introduced in detail the integrated external heat circulation system for heavy vehicle water-cooled engines provided by the present invention. The description of specific embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle, characterized in that, It includes an external vehicle heating device, a circulation pipeline, a control module, and a safety protection module; The external vehicle heating device is connected to the engine coolant circuit through the circulation pipeline, and is used to export the engine coolant for preheating, filtering, and then circulating it back to the engine, driving the small circulation of the vehicle body through the large circulation of the system; The control module is used to control the operation of the external vehicle heating device and the circulation pipeline; The safety protection module is used to monitor and ensure the safe operation of the system.

2. The integrated external heat circulation system for a heavy vehicle water-cooled engine according to claim 1, wherein The external vehicle heating device includes an electric heating pipe, a liquid storage tank, an inlet circulation pump, and an outlet circulation pump. The engine - outlet circulation pump - liquid storage tank - heating pipe - inlet circulation pump are connected end to end using the circulation pipeline. The liquid storage tank is used to store the coolant, the electric heating pipe is used to heat the coolant coming out of the liquid storage tank, and the inlet circulation pump and the outlet circulation pump are used to drive the coolant to circulate in the circulation pipeline, the liquid storage tank, the vehicle body, and the engine.

3. The integrated external heat circulation system for a heavy vehicle water-cooled engine according to claim 2, wherein A primary filter and a secondary filter are provided on the circulation pipeline. The primary filter is provided at the inlet of the inlet circulation pump and is used to roughly filter the coolant impurities. The secondary filter is provided at the outlet of the storage water circulation pump and is used to finely filter the coolant impurities.

4. The integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Quick - seal joints are provided on the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline inside the vehicle body is divided into a vehicle body drainage pipeline and a vehicle body water inlet pipeline. The quick - seal joints are connected in parallel between the vehicle body drainage pipeline and the vehicle body water inlet pipeline.

5. The integrated external heat circulation system for a heavy vehicle water-cooled engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module includes a remote control module, a timing module, and a one - key circulation module; the remote control module is used to control the system operation through mobile phone networking, the timing module is used to control the system operation at a set time, and the one - key circulation module is used to realize the automatic circulation of the system; the control module also includes a thermal management logic unit, and the thermal management logic unit includes a data acquisition layer, a logic processing layer, and an execution layer; the data acquisition layer includes temperature sensors, a water level sensor, and a pressure sensor, which are used to collect system operation data; the logic processing layer is used to perform multi - level heating control, PWM pulse - width modulation control, and temperature PID control based on the collected data; the execution layer includes a solid - state relay, a contactor group, and a variable - frequency water pump, which are used to execute control instructions.

6. The integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle according to claim 5, wherein The temperature sensors include dual - path temperature sensors provided on the surface of the heating element, the water outlet, and the water return port; the water level sensor is used to monitor the liquid level in the liquid storage tank; the pressure sensor is used to monitor the system pressure and trigger the safety valve to relieve pressure.

7. The integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle according to claim 1, wherein The safety protection module includes a four - level protection mechanism: The first - level protection is soft shutdown triggered by the water level / temperature sensor; The second - level protection is hardware circuit protection, including fuses, RCDs; The third - level protection is a mechanical safety valve; The fourth - level protection is an emergency power - off button with physical isolation; The safety protection module also includes ground protection, insulation monitoring, and dry - burning prevention protection. The dry - burning prevention protection automatically cuts off the power when the liquid level is lower than the safety value or the circulation pump fails through a liquid level sensor and a flow switch.

8. The integrated external heat circulation system for a heavy-duty vehicle water-cooled engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating power of the system is 48 kW or more, which is used to heat 1300 L of ethylene glycol-based antifreeze from -20°C to 80°C; the freezing point of the antifreeze is ≤ -20°C, and the boiling point is ≥ 120°C; the temperature of the system is heated from -20°C to 85°C within 2 hours and is controlled at a constant temperature, and the subsequent constant water temperature is in the range of 80°C ± 2°C.

9. The integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle according to claim 4, wherein, The circulation pipeline adopts a hierarchical parallel circulation structure, dividing multiple liquid storage tanks into 3 groups, with 5 liquid storage tanks in each group, and adopting a "main - branch - sub-branch" three-level circulation loop: the first-level loop is the electric boiler → main pipeline → intelligent shunt valve group; the second-level loop is the shunt valve group → branch pipeline; the third-level loop is that each group of liquid storage tanks is evenly connected through parallel capillary tubes to achieve a flow error of < 5% in each group.

10. The integrated external heat circulation system for a water-cooled engine of a heavy vehicle according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a heat preservation module, and the heat preservation module includes a polyurethane heat preservation pipe with a pipe heat preservation thickness of ≥ 50 mm and a heat preservation cotton pad covering the vehicle body water tank, which is used to reduce the heat loss of the circulation pipeline and the vehicle body water tank.

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