Hazardous waste vertical double incinerator capable of being mutually switched

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical hazardous waste incinerator capable of mutually switching, which belongs to the field of hazardous waste incineration equipment, and comprises a secondary combustion chamber flue, the left end and the right end of the secondary combustion chamber flue are connected with an incinerator A and an incinerator B, an opening and closing mechanism is arranged between the incinerator and the flue, switching is realized, the two incinerators can be independently used, the other incinerator is quickly put into use through temperature rise of an oven in case of failure, and the secondary combustion chamber is prevented from being cooled; the method has the advantages of avoiding single-furnace fault whole-line shutdown, improving the system operation rate, reducing the maintenance cost and refractory material loss, being suitable for hazardous waste incineration treatment and having good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vertical furnace for incinerating hazardous waste. More specifically, it relates to a vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other, belonging to the field of hazardous waste incineration equipment. Background Art

[0002] An incinerator is a device for enhanced pyrometallurgical treatment. During operation, solid furnace charge is put into a molten slag bath with intense stirring, and it will be quickly wetted by the slag and heated to a high temperature. The fusible components in the furnace charge will melt accordingly, forming matte or metal droplets in the slag; gangue, other high-melting-point components, fuel and other materials, under the action of intense stirring, either melt into the slag, or undergo combustion reactions, or react with the oxygen in the slag. Due to the extremely intense reactions of the materials in the molten bath, various chemical reactions are completed instantaneously, enabling the incinerator to have good treatment capacity. However, the molten slag severely erodes the refractory materials, resulting in frequent shutdowns during the operation of the incinerator. Frequent shutdowns not only disrupt system production and generate high maintenance costs, but also expose the refractory materials of systems such as the secondary combustion chamber, boiler, and quenching tower to the risk of reduced lifespan due to frequent thermal shocks. Therefore, once a conventional vertical hazardous waste incinerator fails, it can only be shut down for maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problem of system shutdown caused by the failure of the existing incinerator, the present invention provides a vertical dual incinerator that can be switched with each other. The two incinerators can be used independently. During the production process, if Incinerator A fails and needs to be repaired, before Incinerator A shuts down, Incinerator B can be preheated and heated up in advance, and then Incinerator A can be withdrawn and Incinerator B can be directly put into use, avoiding the problem of temperature drop in the secondary combustion chamber, thereby improving the system operation rate and reducing the maintenance cost.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other according to the present invention is characterized in that it includes a secondary combustion chamber flue. The left and right ends of the secondary combustion chamber flue are respectively connected with Incinerator A and Incinerator B. An opening and closing mechanism is provided between Incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber flue and between Incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber flue. By alternately opening and closing the two opening and closing mechanisms, the switching and use between Incinerator A and Incinerator B can be realized.

[0006] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper that can move up and down. The on-off between Incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber flue and between Incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber flue is adjusted through the flue damper. The flue damper can be automatically moved up and down through an externally connected elevator to achieve opening and closing. The elevator can be realized by structures such as a cylinder type, a linear slide, and a belt type.

[0007] Preferably, both the A incinerator and the B incinerator include a slag melting furnace and an incinerator flue. The slag melting furnace is connected to the bottom of the incineration flue. The incinerator flue is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue. The flue damper is arranged at the connection between the incinerator flue and the secondary combustion chamber flue. The structures of the A incinerator and the B incinerator are the same and arranged symmetrically. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of hazardous waste in the slag melting furnace enters the incinerator flue and then enters the secondary combustion chamber.

[0008] Preferably, from bottom to top, the slag melting furnace includes a connected slag pool, air duct, and furnace chamber. The slag pool, air duct, and furnace chamber are connected in sequence. The top of the furnace chamber is connected to the incinerator flue. Solid waste or semi-solid waste hazardous waste first enters the slag pool for preliminary incineration. The combustible gas generated is incinerated again under the action of the air duct, then enters the furnace chamber for heat exchange, and then enters the incinerator flue.

[0009] Preferably, a discharge port and a slag discharge port are provided on the slag pool. The slag discharge port is located at the top of the slag pool, and the discharge port is at the bottom of the slag pool.

[0010] Preferably, the discharge port and the slag discharge port are connected to the outer end face of the slag pool and both are inclined downward. The included angle formed by extending the projection lines of the discharge port and the slag discharge port on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees.

[0011] Preferably, the air duct is a circular pipe, which includes an outer layer and an inner layer. An independent cavity is formed between the outer layer and the inner layer. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct, and the air inlet pipe forms a tangent of the air duct. A number of air outlet openings arranged at different angles are provided on the inner layer of the air duct. The air inlet pipe can be connected to a blower. The air blown by the blower enters the independent cavity from the tangent direction through the air inlet pipe and then is sent out from the air outlet openings to the top of the slag pool.

[0012] Preferably, a number of slag poking holes are hermetically connected to the outer layer of the air duct; the slag poking holes are connected to the outer layer of the air duct at different angles, and each slag poking hole corresponds to an air outlet opening with the same axis (center line). When the slag pool cokes, the slag can be cleaned through the slag poking holes.

[0013] Preferably, the furnace chamber includes a water-cooled wall with a sealed cavity inside. An outlet is provided at the top of the water-cooled wall, and an inlet is provided at the bottom of the water-cooled wall to enable process water to enter the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall and flow out from the top after heat exchange.

[0014] Preferably, it is characterized in that a pressure relief hole is communicated with the top end surface of the incinerator flue, a feeding hole is opened on the bottom end surface of the incinerator flue and the feeding hole is located above the slag melting furnace, and a thermometer, a pressure gauge and an oxygen meter are connected to one outer side end surface of the incinerator flue for monitoring the situation inside the incinerator flue; the center of the feeding hole corresponds to the center of the slag melting pool vertically (i.e., sharing the same center line or axis line), and a high-temperature heat-insulating gate capable of opening and closing is connected to the feeding hole, and materials can be put into the slag melting pool by opening the high-temperature heat-insulating gate.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The hazardous waste incinerator of the present invention is designed as an A / B dual incinerator that can be switched with each other, avoiding the shutdown of the whole line caused by the failure of a single furnace and improving the operation rate of the system; before the faulty furnace is repaired, another furnace can be started and put into operation, and by adjusting the flue damper valve, the faulty furnace to be repaired can be withdrawn under the continuous operation of the system, reducing the repair cost and the life loss of refractory materials due to thermal shock, and having high application value in the field of hazardous waste incineration. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is the layout drawing of the dual incinerator of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 The cross-sectional view along the E-E line.

[0019] Figure 4 It is the structural schematic diagram of the slag melting furnace of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is the cross-sectional view of the slag melting furnace of the present invention along the F-F line.

[0021] In the figure: 1 - air duct, 2 - furnace chamber, 3 - slag melting pool, 4 - water-cooled wall, 5 - flue, 6 - pressure relief hole, 7 - feeding hole, 8 - flue damper, 9 - secondary combustion chamber flue, 10 - secondary combustion chamber, 11 - thermometer, 12 - pressure gauge, 13.

[0022] Oxygen meter, 14 - material elevator, 15 - slag discharge port, 16 - discharge port, 17 - air outlet, 18 - slag poking hole. Specific Embodiments

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-4 , and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0025] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] As Figures 1-4 Shown is a specific embodiment of a vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched mutually. This embodiment is a vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched mutually, including a secondary combustion chamber flue 9 connected to a secondary combustion chamber 10. The left and right ends of the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 are respectively connected to an A incinerator and a B incinerator. Opening and closing mechanisms are provided between the A incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 and between the B incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. By alternately opening and closing the two opening and closing mechanisms, the switching and use between the A incinerator and the B incinerator can be realized.

[0027] Overview of the overall structure and principle of the present invention:

[0028] The vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched mutually in the present invention aims to solve the problem of system shutdown caused by the failure of a traditional single incinerator. By setting an A incinerator and a B incinerator (preferably with the same structure for the A incinerator and the B incinerator), the A incinerator and the B incinerator share the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 to realize flexible switching between the working state and the standby state, ensuring the continuous operation of the system.

[0029] Working and switching process: 1) Normal working process: Taking the working of Incinerator A and the standby of Incinerator B as an example. Hazardous waste is fed into the slag pool 3 of Incinerator A through the feeding hole 7 and is preliminarily incinerated in the slag pool 3. The combustible gas generated is secondarily incinerated under the action of the air duct 1. After heat exchange in the furnace chamber 2, the high-temperature flue gas enters the incinerator flue 5. The thermometer 11, pressure gauge 12, and oxygen gauge 13 on the incinerator flue 5 monitor the parameters in real time, and the staff adjusts the air supply and feeding accordingly. The high-temperature flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 through the flue damper 8 and finally enters the secondary combustion chamber 10; 2) Abnormal switching process: When Incinerator A fails and needs to be repaired, the preheating and temperature increase of Incinerator B are started in advance. When Incinerator B reaches the working condition, operate the flue damper 8 corresponding to Incinerator A to close, and open the flue damper 8 corresponding to Incinerator B to connect Incinerator B and disconnect Incinerator A for repair. During this process, the secondary combustion chamber does not need to cool down, ensuring the continuous operation of the system and improving the overall operation rate.

[0030] Advantages and effect verification:

[0031] By changing the traditional single incinerator to a dual incinerator that can be switched with each other, the problem of full-line shutdown caused by single furnace failure is effectively avoided. In practical applications, when one incinerator fails, the other can be quickly switched in, significantly improving the system operation rate. At the same time, it reduces the maintenance cost caused by frequent shutdowns and the risk of reduced life of refractory materials in the system such as the secondary combustion chamber due to thermal shock, and has good application value and promotion prospects in the field of hazardous waste incineration treatment.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper 8 that can move up and down, and the on-off between Incinerator A and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 and between Incinerator B and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9 is adjusted through the flue damper 8. Specifically: The flue damper 8 is located at the connection between the incinerator flue 5 and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9, and the switch can be controlled by a lift. When switching the incinerator, adjust the flue damper 8 to realize the withdrawal of the working furnace and the input of the standby furnace, ensuring the continuous operation of the system. The flue damper 8 can be automatically moved up and down through an externally connected lift to realize opening and closing. For example, the lift can adopt structures such as a cylinder type, a linear slide, a belt type, etc. Further, in order to improve the closing and sealing effect, as Figure 3 shown, an opening for the up-and-down insertion of the flue damper 8 is provided on the incinerator flue 5, and a U-shaped notch is provided inside the incinerator flue 5. When the flue damper 8 falls, the outer edge of the flue damper 8 will be wrapped by the notch, thereby improving the sealing effect.

[0033] Preferably, in one embodiment, both the A incinerator and the B incinerator include a slag melting furnace and an incinerator flue 5. The slag melting furnace is connected to the bottom of the incineration flue, and the incinerator flue 5 is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. The flue damper 8 is provided at the connection between the incinerator flue 5 and the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. Preferably, the structures of the A incinerator and the B incinerator are the same and are arranged symmetrically. After the hazardous waste is initially incinerated, the combustible gas is secondarily incinerated, and heat exchange is completed in the slag melting furnace 3, the high-temperature flue gas enters the incinerator flue 5, and then enters the secondary combustion chamber through the secondary combustion chamber flue 9. In this application, the incinerator flue 5 may specifically be a cuboid structure made of steel plates, thermal insulation materials, and refractory materials (the specific shape of this application is not specifically limited), providing a passage for the high-temperature flue gas.

[0034] Preferably, in one embodiment, from bottom to top, the slag melting furnace includes a connected slag pool 3, an air duct 1, and a furnace chamber 2. The slag pool 3, the air duct 1, and the furnace chamber 2 are connected in sequence, and the top of the furnace chamber 2 is connected to the incinerator flue 5. The solid waste or semi-solid waste hazardous waste first enters the slag pool 3 for initial incineration, the generated combustible gas is incinerated again under the action of the air duct, then enters the furnace chamber 2 for heat exchange, and then enters the incinerator flue 5.

[0035] Preferably, in one embodiment, the slag pool 3 is provided with a discharge port 16 and a slag discharge port 15. The slag discharge port 15 is located at the top of the slag pool 3, and the discharge port 16 is at the bottom of the slag pool 3. The discharge port 16 and the slag discharge port 15 are connected to the outer end surface of the slag pool 3 and both are inclined downward. The included angle formed by extending the projection lines of the discharge port 16 and the slag discharge port 15 on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees. The slag pool 3 serves as a high-temperature molten material collection pool. The slag discharge port 15 is used to discharge the slag on the surface of the high-temperature molten material; the discharge port 16 is used to discharge the molten material. Both have a certain slope and are distributed at 90° to each other, preventing cross-operation during the operation process and ensuring smooth slag discharge.

[0036] Preferably, in one embodiment, the air duct 1 is a circular pipe, which includes an outer layer and an inner layer. An independent cavity is formed between the outer layer and the inner layer. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct 1, and the air inlet pipe forms a tangent of the air duct 1. A plurality of air outlet ports 17 arranged at different angles are opened on the inner layer of the air duct 1. The air inlet pipe can be connected to a fan. The air blown by the fan enters the independent cavity from the tangent direction through the air inlet pipe and then is sent out from the air outlet ports 17 into the top of the slag pool 3. In this application, the air duct 1 can be made of a cylindrical sealed steel plate with a cavity. The air is introduced into the cavity from the tangent direction by the fan through the air inlet pipe and then sent to the top of the slag pool through a plurality of air outlet ports 17 to provide oxygen for incineration.

[0037] Preferably, in one embodiment, a plurality of slag poking holes 18 are hermetically connected to the outer layer of the air duct pipe 1; the slag poking holes 18 are connected to the outer layer of the air duct pipe 1 at different angles, and each slag poking hole 18 corresponds to an air outlet 17 with the same axis. When the slag pool 3 is coked, the slag can be cleaned through the slag poking holes 18. Under normal circumstances, the slag poking holes 18 are in a closed state, and the closing method can be realized by means of bolt plugging, opening and closing a lid, etc., which is not limited in this application. The slag poking holes 18 are preferably connected to the air duct pipe 1 by means of sealed welding. When coking occurs in the slag pool, the operator can clean the slag by means of the slag poking holes 18 to ensure the normal operation of the slag melting furnace 3.

[0038] Preferably, in one embodiment, the furnace chamber 2 includes a water-cooled wall 4 with a sealed cavity inside. The water-cooled wall 4 is provided with an outlet at the top and an inlet at the bottom to enable process water to enter the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall 4 and flow out from the top after heat exchange. The furnace chamber 2 is preferably a cylindrical structure made of sealed steel plates. The process water enters from the bottom of the water-cooled wall 4, exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber 2, and then flows out from the top of the water-cooled wall 4 to cool the steel plate in contact with the flue gas and extend the service life of the furnace chamber.

[0039] Preferably, in one embodiment, since an explosion may occur during the incineration process of high-temperature flue gas, a pressure relief hole 6 is connected to the top end surface of the incinerator flue 5. The pressure relief hole 6 can release pressure in case of danger to ensure the safety of the equipment. A feeding hole 7 is opened on the bottom end surface of the incinerator flue 5 and the feeding hole 7 is located above the slag melting furnace. The structures of incinerator A and incinerator B are the same and are arranged symmetrically. Each of incinerator A and incinerator B is provided with a material elevator 14, and the hazardous waste is sent to the feeding hole 7 through the material elevator 14 for rapid feeding.

[0040] A thermometer 11, a pressure gauge 12 and an oxygen gauge 13 are connected to one outer side end surface of the incinerator flue 5 to monitor the situation inside the incinerator flue 5, and the air supply of the air duct pipe 1 and the feeding of the feeding hole 7 are adjusted according to the detection data to ensure the stability of the incineration process. The center of the feeding hole 7 corresponds to the center of the slag pool 3 up and down. A high-temperature heat-insulating gate that can be opened and closed is connected to the feeding hole 7. By opening the high-temperature heat-insulating gate, the material can be put into the slag pool 3. The high-temperature heat-insulating gate can extend into the incinerator flue 5 to close the feeding hole 7, or protrude out of the incinerator flue 5 to expose the feeding hole 7. The opening method of the high-temperature heat-insulating gate can be manual or electric. During feeding, the solid waste or semi-solid waste hazardous waste is put into the slag pool 3 for incineration operation.

[0041] The present application does not limit the structure, model, and specifications of the material elevator 14, and the material elevator 14 can be selected according to actual needs. For example, the material elevator 14 can be driven by a motor-driven slide on a screw rod, by a motor-driven belt and the belt drives the elevator, by a cylinder push rod drives the elevator, or by a hydraulic cylinder drives the elevator.

[0042] In summary, the present invention transforms a traditional single hazardous waste incinerator into two interchangeable A / B incinerators. This solution prevents the entire system from shutting down due to a single incinerator failure, thereby improving the system's operational efficiency. With two incinerators, before one incinerator fails and shuts down, the other can be immediately restarted and put into production. By adjusting the flue gate valves at the outlets of the two incinerators, the incinerator requiring maintenance can be deactivated while the system continues to operate, improving the overall operational efficiency of the system.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may be subject to many variations. All variations that can be directly derived or imagined by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched mutually, characterized in that, It includes a secondary combustion chamber flue (9) connected to a secondary combustion chamber (10). The left and right ends of the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) are respectively connected to an A incinerator and a B incinerator. Opening and closing mechanisms are provided between the A incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) and between the B incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9). By alternately opening and closing the two opening and closing mechanisms, the switching and use between the A incinerator and the B incinerator can be realized.

2. The vertical dual incinerator for hazardous waste capable of mutual switching according to claim 1, wherein The opening and closing mechanism includes a flue damper (8) that can move up and down. The on-off between the A incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) and between the B incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9) is adjusted by the flue damper (8).

3. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste with mutually switchable functions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Both the A incinerator and the B incinerator include a slag melting furnace and an incinerator flue (5). The slag melting furnace is connected to the bottom of the incineration flue. The incinerator flue (5) is connected to the secondary combustion chamber flue (9). The flue damper (8) is arranged at the connection between the incinerator flue (5) and the secondary combustion chamber flue (9). The high-temperature flue gas generated by the incineration of hazardous waste in the slag melting furnace enters the incinerator flue (5), and then enters the secondary combustion chamber (10) through the secondary combustion chamber flue (9).

4. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other, characterized in that, From bottom to top, the slag melting furnace includes a connected slag pool (3), an air duct (1), and a furnace chamber (2). The slag pool (3), the air duct (1), and the furnace chamber (2) are connected in sequence. The top of the furnace chamber (2) is connected to the incinerator flue (5). Solid waste or semi-solid waste hazardous waste first enters the slag pool (3) for preliminary incineration. The combustible gas generated is incinerated again under the action of the air duct, then enters the furnace chamber (2) for heat exchange, and then enters the incinerator flue (5).

5. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste with mutual switching as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, The slag pool (3) is provided with a discharge port (16) and a slag discharge port (15). The slag discharge port (15) is located at the top of the slag pool (3), and the discharge port (16) is at the bottom of the slag pool (3).

6. The vertical double incinerator for hazardous waste capable of mutual switching according to claim 5, wherein The discharge port (16) and the slag discharge port (15) are connected to the outer end surface of the slag pool (3) and both are inclined downward. The included angle between the projection lines of the discharge port (16) and the slag discharge port (15) on the horizontal plane is 90 degrees.

7. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that, The air duct (1) is a circular pipe, which includes an outer layer and an inner layer. An independent cavity is formed between the outer layer and the inner layer. An air inlet pipe is connected to the outer layer of the air duct (1), and the air inlet pipe forms a tangent of the air duct (1). A number of air outlet openings (17) arranged at different angles are provided on the inner layer of the air duct (1). The air inlet pipe can be connected to a blower. The air blown out by the blower enters the independent cavity from the tangent direction through the air inlet pipe and then is sent out from the air outlet openings (17) and enters the top of the slag pool (3).

8. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other, characterized in that, A number of slag poking holes (18) are hermetically connected to the outer layer of the air duct (1). The slag poking holes (18) are connected to the outer layer of the air duct (1) at different angles, and each slag poking hole (18) corresponds to an air outlet opening (17) with the same axis. When the slag pool (3) cokes, the coked slag can be cleaned through the slag poking holes (18).

9. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste with mutually switchable functions according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that, The furnace (2) includes a water-cooled wall (4) with a sealed cavity inside. The top of the water-cooled wall (4) is provided with an outlet, and the bottom of the water-cooled wall (4) is provided with an inlet, so as to enable process water to enter the sealed cavity from the bottom of the water-cooled wall (4) and flow out from the top after heat exchange.

10. A vertically double incinerator for hazardous waste that can be switched with each other according to claim 4 or 5 or 6 or 8, characterized in that, An explosion relief hole (6) is communicated with the top end surface of the incinerator flue (5). A feeding hole (7) is opened on the bottom end surface of the incinerator flue (5), and the feeding hole (7) is located above the slag melting furnace. A thermometer (11), a pressure gauge (12) and an oxygen meter (13) are connected to one outer end surface of the incinerator flue (5) for monitoring the situation inside the incinerator flue (5); The center of the feeding hole (7) corresponds to the center of the slag pool (3) up and down. A high-temperature heat-insulating gate capable of opening and closing is connected to the feeding hole (7), and materials can be put into the slag pool (3) by opening the high-temperature heat-insulating gate.

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