Optical element measurement centering tool for ship clutch shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical element measurement centering tool for a ship clutch shaft, and relates to the technical field of centering measurement tools, the optical element measurement centering tool comprises a fixing part, a shaft fixing assembly and a laser detection assembly, a mounting groove is formed in the surface of the fixing part, and under the cooperation of the laser detection assembly, a Helmholtz coil generates a uniform magnetic field to drive a magnetic needle to be oriented; the perpendicularity error of the reflective mirror and the axis of the magnetic needle is small, a dynamic vertical reference is provided for a laser beam, the problem of reference drift caused by ship vibration and shaft system inclination is solved, the laser beam is converted into parallel light through the collimating lens, the optical axis overlap ratio error is low, and then through cooperation of the pneumatic hinge and the vertical lead screw guide rail, the laser beam can be accurately measured. Initial alignment of the laser beams is completed in a very short time, fine trimming of light spots is achieved, efficiency is effectively improved compared with manual adjustment, the reflection angles of the reflectors are synchronously adjusted, it is ensured that the laser beams are perpendicular to the surface of the shaft all the time, physical contact errors of traditional contact type measurement are avoided, and measurement accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of centering measurement tools, and particularly to an optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft. Background Art

[0002] In ship production, the clutch shaft and the shaft-driven generator shaft need to be centered and bored. Usually, a dial indicator is used for centering and alignment measurement. The dial indicator is a general length measurement tool made by using a precision rack and pinion mechanism. The measurement dial is located at the end of the measuring rod. The measuring rod extends into the dial through the measuring rod sleeve, and the measuring rod sleeve is connected to other stable clamping mechanisms.

[0003] In the prior art, such as the "Centering Measurement Tool for a Ship Clutch Shaft and a Shaft-Driven Generator Shaft" with the Chinese patent application publication number: CN109458892B, it includes a bracket and a dial indicator. The bracket includes a fixing part for fixing the measuring rod sleeve of the dial indicator and a supporting part that fits the surface of the shaft-driven generator shaft. The length of the supporting part is less than the length of the generator shaft, and the fixing part is slidably connected to the supporting part. When in use, first, according to the distance between the clutch flange brake disc and the top of the clutch shaft, adjust the position between the fixing part and the supporting part, fix the slot of the supporting part on the surface of the shaft-driven generator shaft, then connect and fix the measuring rod sleeve of the dial indicator to the fixing part, make the end of the measuring rod of the dial indicator press against the surface of the clutch shaft, zero the dial indicator, and then move on the surface of the shaft-driven generator shaft respectively to measure the left, right, and lower data. This device makes the dial indicator stably fixed by fitting the supporting part with the surface of the generator shaft. The end of the measuring rod of the dial indicator contacts the shaft surface, and the surface of the generator shaft is used as a reference surface for measurement; the fixing part is slidably connected to the supporting part, and the protruding length of the fixing part can be adjusted arbitrarily, which is suitable for different measurement environments; the length of the supporting part is less than the length of the shaft, so that the supporting part will not affect the measurement accuracy.

[0004] However, in the actual centering measurement process at present, it mostly relies on manual zeroing and reading of the dial indicator, which is significantly affected by the experience of the operator. The single measurement takes a long time, and the measuring rod of the dial indicator needs to contact the shaft surface, which may cause the contact point to shift due to surface roughness. Especially in the narrow space near the brake disc, it is difficult to accurately position. Currently, a laser can be used to replace the dial indicator, which can make the laser beam vertically aligned with the surface of the clutch shaft and avoid physical contact with the brake disc. However, during the laser beam measurement, due to the verticality of the laser beam depending on mechanical leveling (such as a level, a pan-tilt), in the scenarios of ship vibration and shafting inclination, the calibration error drifts with time, resulting in a large ranging deviation. Moreover, the alloys of the ship clutch shaft and the shaft-driven generator shafting are mostly made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., and their non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces result in low laser reflectivity, large signal noise of the rangefinder, and repetitive errors, thus unable to meet the centering accuracy requirements of the ship shafting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. When measuring with a laser beam, due to the verticality of the laser beam relying on mechanical leveling (such as a level, a pan-tilt), in the scenarios of ship vibration and shafting inclination, the calibration error drifts over time, resulting in a large ranging deviation. Moreover, the alloys of the ship clutch shaft and the shaft-driven generator shafting are mostly made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, etc., and their non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces have low laser reflectivity, resulting in high signal noise of the rangefinder and repetitive errors, and thus unable to meet the alignment accuracy requirements of the ship shafting.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft, including a fixing part, a shaft fixing component, and a laser detection component. An installation groove is provided on the surface of the fixing part, the shaft fixing component is arranged inside the installation groove, the shaft fixing component is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes, and the laser detection component is arranged on the side of the fixing part, which is used to improve the accuracy of laser measurement; The shaft fixing component includes at least three elastic abutting members evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and a gear member is sleeved outside the elastic abutting members; The laser detection component includes a laser emitting end, a collimating lens, an angle adjustment mechanism, a receiving lens, a suspension cavity, and Helmholtz coils. The laser emitting end is installed on the side of the fixing part through the angle adjustment mechanism. The receiving lens and the collimating lens are arranged opposite to each other at 180° inside the laser emitting end, and the coincidence error of their optical axes is low. The angle adjustment mechanism includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjustment structure, which realizes the pitch angle adjustment of ±45° as a whole and the axial horizontal stability of the laser emitting end. The Helmholtz coils are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity, the distance is equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coils, and a uniform magnetic field is generated. A magnetic needle is arranged inside the suspension cavity, and a reflecting mirror is arranged on the top surface of the magnetic needle.

[0007] Preferably, a ceramic shaft tip is arranged at the bottom of the magnetic needle, and the magnetic needle is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip and can freely rotate around the axis of the ceramic shaft tip. The reflecting mirror is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle. A photodetector is arranged at the front end of the laser emitting end. A signal processing board is arranged on the side of the suspension cavity, and a magnetometer chip is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board to ensure the measurement accuracy of the magnetic field intensity.

[0008] Preferably, a light beam channel is installed inside the laser emission end, and a refractive mirror is installed inside the laser emission end. The light beam channel, the refractive mirror, the collimating lens, the reflecting mirror, and the receiving lens sequentially form an optical path. A vertical lead screw guide is installed at the side end of the angle adjusting mechanism, and a sliding positioning seat is slidably connected to the outside of the vertical lead screw guide. The sliding positioning seat is installed together with the laser emission end.

[0009] Preferably, three gear members are provided. An axial installation sleeve is installed inside the three gear members. Installation connectors are installed on the outer peripheral side of the axial installation sleeve. The installation connectors are connected to the inner wall surface of the installation groove. Rotating gear sleeves are symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the axial installation sleeve. The rotating gear sleeves are meshed with the gear members to drive the elastic abutting member to helically expand and contract by the rotation of the gear members.

[0010] Preferably, a worm gear edge is installed at the top of the rotating gear sleeve. A worm is meshed with the side end of the worm gear edge. A servo motor is installed at the side end of the worm.

[0011] Preferably, an electromagnetic blocker and a pulley structure are respectively installed outside the connection ends of the worm and the servo motor.

[0012] Preferably, optical fiber refractive index sensors are symmetrically installed on both sides of the top surface of the fixing part. An angular circumferential adjusting structure is installed on the surface of the fixing part. An axial center contact component is installed at the side end of the angular circumferential adjusting structure. The angular circumferential adjusting structure has the same structure as the angle adjusting mechanism. The angular circumferential adjusting structure realizes the pitching angle adjustment of the whole ±45° and the angular adjustment of 360° in a circle.

[0013] Preferably, the axial center contact component includes a connecting frame. Displacement rails are symmetrically installed on the side wall surface of the connecting frame. A pneumatic distance adjusting structure is installed on the surface of the connecting frame.

[0014] Preferably, a displacement frame is connected to the bottom of the pneumatic distance adjusting structure. The displacement frame is slidably connected to the displacement rails. A centering rod structure is installed at the side end of the displacement frame. A universal rod is connected to the center end of the displacement frame. Clamping and calibrating frames are installed on the left and right side ends of the universal rod.

[0015] Preferably, a central laser calibration sensor is installed on the surface of the clamping and calibrating frame. The centering rod structure drives the clamping and calibrating frame and the central laser calibration sensor to slide towards each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In the present invention, by cooperating with the laser detection component, the Helmholtz coil generates a uniform magnetic field to drive the magnetic needle to orient. The vertical error between the reflector and the magnetic needle axis is small, providing a dynamic vertical reference for the laser beam, replacing the traditional method that relies on mechanical leveling, and solving the reference drift problem caused by ship vibration and shaft tilt. The laser beam is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens, so that the optical axis coincidence error is low. Combined with the fusion algorithm of the photoelectric detector and the magnetometer chip, the measurement error is reduced in vibration, temperature and humidity environments, and the accuracy is improved by 10% compared with the traditional dial indicator or laser ranging. times the accuracy, and then using the pneumatic hinge (±45° coarse adjustment) in conjunction with the vertical lead screw guide rail, the initial alignment of the laser beam is completed in a very short time, and the light spot is refined, which effectively improves the efficiency compared to manual adjustment. For non-ferromagnetic shaft surfaces such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy, the high reflectivity design of the reflector and Kalman filter noise reduction solve the problem of low reflectivity of traditional lasers. Then, the magnetic needle is suspended through the ceramic shaft tip, responding to magnetic field changes extremely quickly, tracking the vibration posture of the shaft system in real time, and the reflector synchronously adjusts the reflection angle to ensure that the laser beam is always perpendicular to the shaft surface, avoiding the physical contact error of traditional contact measurement (such as dial indicator) and improving measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main body separation structure of the optical element measurement and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft contact assembly of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation position structure of the optical fiber refractive index sensor of the optical component measurement and alignment tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft fixing assembly of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the laser detection component of the optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a laser detection component of an optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to the present invention; Figure 8 The optical element measurement and centering tool for the ship clutch shaft of the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0018] In the figure: 100, fixed part; 200, angular circumferential adjustment structure; 300, shaft center contact component; 301, connecting frame; 302, displacement rail; 303, pneumatic distance adjustment structure; 304, central alignment rod structure; 305, universal rod; 306, clamping and calibration frame; 307, central laser calibration sensor; 400, optical fiber refractive index sensor; 500, installation groove; 600, shaft fixing component; 601, axial installation sleeve; 602, gear part; 603, elastic abutting part; 604, rotating gear sleeve; 605, worm wheel side; 607, worm; 608, servo motor; 609, electromagnetic blocker; 610, pulley structure; 700, laser detection component; 701, angle adjustment mechanism; 702, vertical lead screw guide rail; 703, laser emission end; 704, sliding positioning seat; 705, refracting mirror; 706, Helmholtz coil; 707, ceramic shaft tip; 708, magnetic needle; 709, reflecting mirror; 710, collimating lens; 711, light beam channel; 712, receiving lens; 713, photodetector; 714, signal processing board; 715, magnetometer chip. Detailed implementation manner

[0019] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] According to the existing technical solutions, the traditional ship clutch shaft alignment tool has the following problems: 1. Relying on mechanical dial indicators or single laser measurements, it is greatly affected by environmental vibrations and temperature changes, with large measurement errors and unable to meet the installation requirements of high-end ship shafting. 2. It cannot quickly adapt to clutch shafts of different diameters (traditional fixtures need to be frequently replaced), and there are large deviations in the measurement of inclined shafting. 3. Manually adjusting the optical axis and fixing mechanism is time-consuming and laborious, and the alignment time for a single set of shafting is long, affecting the shipbuilding cycle. 4. In the ship vibration environment, mechanical fixation is prone to looseness, and the optical system has poor stability and needs to be calibrated repeatedly.

[0021] The present invention combines high-precision optical measurement technology, adaptive fixing mechanism and intelligent compensation algorithm to solve the deficiencies of the existing alignment tools in terms of accuracy, adaptability, efficiency and reliability, and realizes the rapid and accurate alignment of ship clutch shafts.

[0022] The present invention provides technical solution means to solve the above problems, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown: An optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft, including a fixing part 100, a shaft fixing component 600 and a laser detection component 700. An installation groove 500 is formed on the surface of the fixing part 100. The shaft fixing component 600 is installed inside the installation groove 500. The shaft fixing component 600 is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes. The laser detection component 700 is installed on the side of the fixing part 100, and it is used to improve the accuracy of laser measurement.

[0023] Specifically: Align the annular installation groove 500 of the fixing part 100 with the end to be measured of the ship clutch shaft. Install the shaft fixing component 600 through the installation groove 500, and use the shaft fixing component 600 to fix the axis of the ship clutch shaft to ensure that the central axis of the shaft fixing component 600 is coaxial with the ship clutch shaft. Then start the laser detection component 700, so that the laser detection component 700 performs laser measurement and centering adjustment on the fixed ship clutch shaft.

[0024] In some embodiments, according to Figures 6 - 7 As shown, the laser detection component 700 includes a laser emission end 703, a collimating lens 710, an angle adjustment mechanism 701, a receiving lens 712, a suspension cavity and a Helmholtz coil 706. The laser emission end 703 is installed on the side of the fixing part 100 through the angle adjustment mechanism 701. The receiving lens 712 and the collimating lens 710 are arranged opposite to each other at 180° and installed inside the laser emission end 703, and the coincidence error of their optical axes is low. The angle adjustment mechanism 701 includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjustment structure to achieve the overall pitch angle adjustment of ±45° and the axial horizontal stability of the laser emission end 703. The Helmholtz coils 706 are symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity, and the distance is equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coil 706, and a uniform magnetic field is generated. A magnetic needle 708 is installed inside the suspension cavity, and a reflector 709 is installed on the top surface of the magnetic needle 708.

[0025] A ceramic shaft tip 707 is installed at the bottom of the magnetic needle 708, and the magnetic needle 708 is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip 707 and can freely rotate around the axis of the ceramic shaft tip 707. The reflector 709 is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle 708. A photodetector 713 is installed at the front end of the laser emission end 703. A signal processing board 714 is installed on the side of the suspension cavity, and a magnetometer chip 715 is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board 714 to ensure the measurement accuracy of the magnetic field intensity.

[0026] Inside the laser emission end 703, there is a light beam channel 711 installed. Inside the laser emission end 703, there is a refraction mirror 705 installed. The light beam channel 711, the refraction mirror 705, the collimating lens 710, the reflecting mirror 709 and the receiving lens 712 form an optical path in sequence. At the side end of the angle adjusting mechanism 701, there is a vertical lead screw guide 702 installed. A sliding positioning seat 704 is slidably connected to the outside of the vertical lead screw guide 702. The sliding positioning seat 704 and the laser emission end 703 are installed together.

[0027] More specifically: Through the pneumatic hinge structure of the angle adjusting mechanism 701, the laser emission end 703 is roughly adjusted to an initial pitch angle within ±45° of the central axis of the fixed part 100, ensuring that the laser beam generally faces the direction of the ship clutch shaft.

[0028] The laser beam is emitted from the beam channel 711 inside the laser emission end 703. After the path is adjusted by the refraction mirror 705, it is converted into a parallel beam by the collimating lens 710. At this time, the beam axis is preliminarily aligned with the optical axis of the receiving lens 712. Then, the Helmholtz coil 706 is powered on. Due to its symmetric layout where the distance between the top and bottom coils is equal to the radius, a uniform axial magnetic field is generated. At this time, the magnetic needle 708 in the suspension cavity rotates freely and is oriented under the action of the magnetic field until its axis is completely aligned with the magnetic field direction. Then, the collimated laser beam perpendicularly irradiates the center of the reflector 709. After being reflected by the mirror surface, it passes through the collimating lens 710 in the reverse direction and returns along the original optical path to the receiving lens 712 inside the laser emission end 703. Then, the receiving lens 712 focuses the reflected beam onto the surface of the photodetector 713 to form a light spot. At this time, if there is an angular deviation or displacement of the ship clutch shaft, the tilt of the reflector 709 will cause the light spot to shift on the photodetector 713. After the reflector 709 at the top of the magnetic needle 708 is oriented with the magnetic needle 708, it is strictly perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle 708, providing an accurate vertical reflection reference for the laser beam. The photodetector 713 monitors the position of the light spot in real time and calculates the perpendicularity deviation of the laser beam through the light spot offset. For example, if the light spot shifts by 1 mm, the corresponding shafting angular deviation is approximately 0.017° (calculated according to a measurement distance of 300 mm). Then, the magnetometer chip 715 on the signal processing board 714 synchronously collects the three-dimensional attitude data of the magnetic needle 708 and monitors the magnetic field intensity fluctuation to compensate for the influence of environmental magnetic field interference on the measurement. Using the signal processing board 714 through the built-in algorithm, the optical offset data and the magnetic field attitude data are fused to eliminate the errors caused by ship vibration or temperature change. If the photodetector 713 detects that the light spot offset exceeds the threshold (such as ±0.1 mm), the vertical lead screw guide 702 of the angle adjustment mechanism 701 is activated, driving the sliding positioning seat 704 to move up and down along the vertical lead screw guide 702, driving the axial translation of the laser emission end 703 until the light spot returns to the center. The pneumatic hinge structure and the electric fine adjustment mechanism work together. The pneumatic hinge quickly adjusts the pitch angle to the rough adjustment position within the range of ±5°, causing the vertical lead screw guide 702 to rotate slightly, and cooperating with the adjustment of the angle adjustment mechanism 701, enabling the accurate correction of the laser beam pitch angle, making the parallelism error between the optical axis and the axis of the ship clutch shaft extremely small. During the measurement process, when the ship shafting vibrates in real time, the magnetic needle 708 swings slightly with the vibration, and the reflector 709 synchronously adjusts the reflection angle to ensure that the laser beam is always perpendicular to the current attitude of the shafting, effectively improving the measurement accuracy.

[0029] In some embodiments, according to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 shown, the shaft fixing assembly 600 includes at least three elastic abutting members 603 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and a gear member 602 is sleeved outside the elastic abutting member 603.

[0030] There are three gear parts 602. An axial mounting sleeve 601 is installed inside the three gear parts 602. An installation connecting piece is installed on the outer peripheral side of the axial mounting sleeve 601. The installation connecting piece is connected to the inner wall surface of the installation groove 500. Rotating gear sleeves 604 are symmetrically installed outside the top and bottom of the axial mounting sleeve 601. The rotating gear sleeves 604 are meshed and connected with the gear parts 602, and are used to drive the elastic abutting piece 603 to helically expand and contract through the rotation of the gear parts 602.

[0031] A worm wheel edge 605 is installed at the top of the rotating gear sleeve 604. A worm 607 is meshed and connected to the side end of the worm wheel edge 605. A servo motor 608 is installed at the side end of the worm 607.

[0032] An electromagnetic blocker 609 and a pulley structure 610 are respectively installed outside the connection ends of the worm 607 and the servo motor 608.

[0033] More specifically: Fix the axial mounting sleeve 601 to the inner wall of the mounting groove 500 of the fixed part 100 through a mounting connector, ensuring that the central axis of the axial mounting sleeve 601 is coaxial with the mounting groove 500. At this time, the three gear parts 602 are symmetrically sleeved outside the elastic abutting member 603 and are engaged with the rotating gear sleeves 604 at both ends of the axial mounting sleeve 601. Then, according to the estimated diameter of the ship clutch shaft to be fixed, preset the number of rotation turns and torque threshold of the servo motor 608 through an external PLC controller. At the same time, the electromagnetic blocker 609 is in an unlocked state, allowing the worm 607 to rotate freely. Then start the servo motor 608 to rotate forward, driving the worm 607 to rotate. The worm 607 is engaged with the worm wheel edge 605, driving the rotating gear sleeve 604 to rotate, and then driving the gear part 602 to rotate in the circumferential direction. The gear part 602 drives the elastic abutting member 603 to move radially outwards through screw transmission, forming an expansion space with a diameter larger than the shaft diameter, facilitating the insertion of the ship clutch shaft. After that, align the ship clutch shaft with the axial mounting sleeve 601 and slowly push it in. Then the servo motor 608 rotates in the reverse direction, causing the worm 607 to rotate and drive the worm wheel edge 605 to rotate, and then causing the driving rotating gear sleeve 604 to rotate, and then causing the gear part 602 to drive the elastic abutting member 603 to contract synchronously until the arc-shaped rubber pad and the built-in pressure sensor at the side end of the elastic abutting member 603 evenly fit the shaft surface. During this process, the pressure sensor monitors the contact pressure in real time. When the three elastic abutting members 603 reach the preset value (such as 300 N), the servo motor 608 stops rotating. After the servo motor 608 stops, the electromagnetic blocker 609 immediately powers on and locks the worm 607 to prevent the gear part 602 from rotating reversely due to ship vibration. At the same time, the damping characteristics of the pulley structure 610 further absorb the residual vibration energy to ensure a stable fixed state. At this time, the coaxiality error between the shaft fixing assembly 600 and the ship clutch shaft is low. When disassembling, the electromagnetic blocker 609 powers off to release the worm 607, and the servo motor 608 rotates forward, and the elastic abutting member 603 expands outwards again to release the clamping force on the shaft. And if shafts of different sizes need to be fixed, reset the rotation of the servo motor 608 through an external PLC controller, and repeat the above fixing process, so that the rotating gear sleeve 604, the gear part 602, and the elastic abutting member 603 can ensure the adjustment accuracy and can adapt to an effective shaft diameter range.

[0034] In some embodiments, according to Figures 1 - 4 As shown, optical fiber refractive index sensors 400 are symmetrically arranged on the two side surfaces at the top of the fixed part 100, an angular circumferential adjustment structure 200 is arranged on the surface of the fixed part 100, and a shaft center contact assembly 300 is arranged at the side end of the angular circumferential adjustment structure 200. The angular circumferential adjustment structure 200 and the angle adjustment mechanism 701 have the same structure. The angular circumferential adjustment structure 200 realizes the pitch angle adjustment of the whole ±45° and the angular adjustment of 360° in the circumferential direction.

[0035] The contact component 300 in the shaft includes a connecting frame 301. Displacement rails 302 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the connecting frame 301, and a pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 is arranged on the surface of the connecting frame 301.

[0036] A displacement frame is connected to the bottom of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303. The displacement frame is slidably connected to the displacement rails 302. A centering rod structure 304 is arranged at the side end of the displacement frame, and a universal rod 305 is connected to the center end of the displacement frame. Clamping and calibration frames 306 are arranged at the left and right side ends of the universal rod 305.

[0037] A center laser calibration sensor 307 is arranged on the surface of the clamping and calibration frame 306. The centering rod structure 304 drives the clamping and calibration frame 306 and the center laser calibration sensor 307 to slide towards each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

[0038] More specifically: during the above measurement process, start the fiber optic refractive index sensors 400 on both sides of the top of the fixing part 100, so that the fiber optic refractive index sensors 400 automatically perform zero calibration through the built-in standard refractive index sample. Then, the angle circumferential adjustment structure 200 is initially adjusted to a pitch angle of ±10° with respect to the central axis of the fixing part 100 through the pneumatic hinge structure, and at the same time rotated to the initial circumferential angle (such as 0°) to provide a reference for the subsequent positioning of the contact component. Furthermore, according to the estimated diameter of the ship clutch shaft, preset the telescopic stroke of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303, and adjust the initial distance between the centering rod structures 304 to a distance greater than the shaft diameter to facilitate the insertion of the shaft body. At this time, during the operation, the fiber optic refractive index sensors 400 continuously monitor the changes in the environmental temperature and humidity and transmit the data to the external PLC controller.

[0039] The external PLC controller automatically fine-tunes the optical path compensation parameters of the laser detection component 700 according to the refractive index change, ensuring a small error in the propagation path of the laser beam. Through the pneumatic hinge of the angular circumferential adjustment structure 200, the shaft center contact component 300 is quickly adjusted to the target pitch angle (within the range of ±45°) and circumferential angle (any position within 360°), so that the clamping and calibration frame 306 is roughly aligned with the end to be measured of the ship clutch shaft. Then, the angular circumferential adjustment structure 200 is fine-tuned. At the same time, the pneumatic distance adjustment structure 303 drives the displacement frame to slide along the displacement rail 302, reducing the distance between the clamping and calibration frame 306 and the shaft surface. After that, the central laser calibration sensor 307 on the clamping and calibration frame 306 emits a cross laser beam, which irradiates the surface of the shaft end. When there is eccentricity or angular deviation in the shaft, the cross light spot formed by the laser beam on the shaft surface will deviate from the center. The central air rod structure 304 drives the two-sided clamping and calibration frames 306 to slide towards each other according to the light spot offset data fed back by the central laser calibration sensor 307. For example, when horizontal offset is detected, the central air rod structure 304 is adjusted with high precision until the laser light spot completely coincides with the shaft center, realizing precise centering of the coaxiality. The universal rod 305 allows the clamping and calibration frames 306 to slide towards each other on the surface of the displacement frame and is detected in real time through the central laser calibration sensor 307. When the shaft vibrates, the universal rod 305 absorbs the displacement through the elastic joint, ensuring the relative position stability between the central laser calibration sensor 307 and the shaft surface. After that, the external PLC controller continuously monitors the data of the central laser calibration sensor 307, and then adjusts the central air rod structure 304 in real time to achieve continuous precise centering in a dynamic environment.

[0040] The wiring diagrams of the central laser calibration sensor 307, fiber optic refractive index sensor 400, electromagnetic blocker 609, photodetector 713, magnetometer chip 715, and strain pressure sensor in the present invention belong to the common knowledge in the art. Their working principles are already known technologies, and their models are selected according to actual use. Therefore, the control methods and wiring arrangements of the central laser calibration sensor 307, fiber optic refractive index sensor 400, electromagnetic blocker 609, photodetector 713, magnetometer chip 715, and strain pressure sensor will not be explained in detail.

[0041] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Optical element measuring and centering tool for ship clutch shaft, characterized in that: It includes a fixed part (100), a shaft fixing component (600) and a laser detection component (700). An installation groove (500) is formed on the surface of the fixed part (100). The shaft fixing component (600) is installed inside the installation groove (500). The shaft fixing component (600) is used to fix ship clutch shafts of different sizes. The laser detection component (700) is installed on the side of the fixed part (100) to improve the accuracy of laser measurement. The shaft fixing component (600) includes at least three elastic abutting members (603) evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. A gear member (602) is sleeved outside the elastic abutting member (603). The laser detection component (700) includes a laser emitting end (703), a collimating lens (710), an angle adjusting mechanism (701), a receiving lens (712), a suspension cavity and Helmholtz coils (706). The laser emitting end (703) is installed on the side of the fixed part (100) through the angle adjusting mechanism (701). The receiving lens (712) and the collimating lens (710) are arranged opposite to each other at 180° inside the laser emitting end (703), and the coincidence error of their optical axes is low. The angle adjusting mechanism (701) includes a pneumatic hinge structure and an angle adjusting structure to achieve the pitch angle adjustment of ±45° as a whole and the axial horizontal stability of the laser emitting end (703). The Helmholtz coils (706) are symmetrically installed at the top and bottom of the suspension cavity, and the distance is equal to the radius of the Helmholtz coils (706) to generate a uniform magnetic field. A magnetic needle (708) is installed inside the suspension cavity, and a reflector (709) is installed on the top surface of the magnetic needle (708).

2. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ceramic shaft tip (707) is installed at the bottom of the magnetic needle (708), and the magnetic needle (708) is suspended inside the suspension cavity through the ceramic shaft tip (707) and can freely rotate around the axis of the ceramic shaft tip (707). The reflector (709) is perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic needle (708). A photodetector (713) is installed at the front end of the laser emitting end (703). A signal processing board (714) is installed on the side of the suspension cavity, and a magnetometer chip (715) is mounted on the surface of the signal processing board (714) to ensure the measurement accuracy of the magnetic field intensity.

3. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light beam channel (711) is installed inside the laser emitting end (703). A refracting mirror (705) is installed inside the laser emitting end (703). The light beam channel (711), the refracting mirror (705), the collimating lens (7,10), the reflector (709) and the receiving lens (712) form an optical path in sequence. A vertical lead screw guide rail (702) is installed at the side end of the angle adjusting mechanism (701). A sliding positioning seat (704) is slidably connected to the outside of the vertical lead screw guide rail (702), and the sliding positioning seat (704) and the laser emitting end (703) are installed together.

4. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear parts (602) are provided in three numbers. An axial mounting sleeve (601) is installed inside the three gear parts (602). An installation connecting piece is installed on the outer peripheral side of the axial mounting sleeve (601). The installation connecting piece is connected to the inner wall surface of the installation groove (500). Rotating gear sleeves (604) are symmetrically installed outside the top and bottom ends of the axial mounting sleeve (601). The rotating gear sleeves (604) are meshed and connected with the gear parts (602) for driving the elastic abutting piece (603) to helically expand and contract through the rotation of the gear parts (602).

5. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: A worm gear edge (605) is installed at the top end of the rotating gear sleeve (604). A worm (607) is meshed and connected to the side end of the worm gear edge (605). A servo motor (608) is installed at the side end of the worm (607).

6. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: An electromagnetic blocker (609) and a pulley structure (610) are respectively installed outside the connection ends of the worm (607) and the servo motor (608).

7. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: Optical fiber refractive index sensors (400) are symmetrically installed on the two side surfaces of the top of the fixed part (100). An angular circumferential adjustment structure (200) is installed on the surface of the fixed part (100). A shaft center contact assembly (300) is installed at the side end of the angular circumferential adjustment structure (200). The angular circumferential adjustment structure (200) has the same structure as the angle adjustment mechanism (701). The angular circumferential adjustment structure (200) realizes the pitch angle adjustment of ±45 ° and the circumferential angle adjustment of 360° as a whole.

8. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shaft center contact assembly (300) includes a connecting frame (301). Displacement rails (302) are symmetrically installed on the side wall surface of the connecting frame (301). A pneumatic distance adjustment structure (303) is installed on the surface of the connecting frame (301).

9. The optical element measurement and alignment tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the pneumatic distance adjustment structure (303) is connected with a displacement frame. The displacement frame is slidably connected on the displacement rails (302). A center-aligning rod structure (304) is installed at the side end of the displacement frame. The central end of the displacement frame is connected with a universal rod (305). Clamping and calibration frames (306) are installed on the left and right side ends of the universal rod (305).

10. The optical element measuring and centering tool for a ship clutch shaft according to claim 9, characterized in that: A central laser calibration sensor (307) is installed on the surface of the clamping and calibration frame (306). The center-aligning rod structure (304) drives the clamping and calibration frame (306) and the central laser calibration sensor (307) to slide towards each other on the surface of the displacement frame.

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