Identification instrument and method for pathological typing of pneumonia

Abstract

The invention discloses a recognition instrument and method for pneumonia pathological typing. The invention relates to the technical field of biology, and discloses an identification method for pneumonia pathological typing, which comprises the following steps: S1, a blood sample is positioned on a circulation tank under the negative pressure action of an aspirating ball, and an antibody captures neutrophils; s2, after 3-7 minutes, cleaning the blood sample with normal saline under the negative pressure action of the air suction ball, and enabling the normal saline and the blood sample to be far away from the PDMS substrate circulation groove; s3, electrodes located at the two ends of the circulation groove are powered on; s4, placing the chip substrate under a microscope to observe the movement condition and track of the neutrophil, and obtaining the total migration distance, migration time and linear migration distance of the characteristic parameters of the cell; s5, the cell average migration speed and the electrotaxis index are obtained, and if the cell average migration speed and the electrotaxis index are larger than the corresponding given values at the same time, the blood sample pathological subtype is bacterial pneumonia. The kit can accurately and quickly perform pathological typing on the infantile pneumonia in the early stage of the infantile pneumonia, so as to assist clinical treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and particularly to an identification instrument and method for pathological typing of pneumonia. Background Art

[0002] Bronchopneumonia is a common disease and a cause of death in children. The main pathological types of bronchopneumonia can be divided into bacterial and non-bacterial (such as viral). The clinical pathological typing of pediatric pneumonia is crucial and then affects the clinical treatment plan.

[0003] The existing clinical detection methods for pathological typing of pediatric pneumonia mainly include blood routine analysis, etiological detection, and imaging examination, etc. Blood routine analysis helps to judge the type of infection by detecting the number and proportion changes of white blood cells (such as neutrophils) in the blood, which is easily interfered by factors such as the age and immune status of children and is likely to lead to low judgment accuracy; Etiological detection directly determines the infection source by isolating and culturing pathogens or amplifying their nucleic acids, with a long detection cycle and high economic cost; Imaging examination evaluates the severity of pneumonia by directly observing lung lesions, with the defects of low detection rate of early pneumonia, difficulty in distinguishing the pathological types of pneumonia, and radiation.

[0004] However, due to reasons such as insufficient sensitivity and specificity, limitations of functional analysis technology, and low detection efficiency, the above existing detection methods are difficult to meet the clinical needs of accurately and quickly typing the pathological types of pediatric pneumonia in the early stage of pediatric pneumonia. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide an identification method for pathological typing of pneumonia, which can accurately and quickly type the pathological types of pediatric pneumonia in the early stage of pediatric pneumonia, so as to assist clinical treatment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An identification method for pathological typing of pneumonia, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: By the negative pressure action of a suction balloon, a blood sample is placed on the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate, and the antibodies on the PDMS substrate flow channel capture neutrophils in the blood sample;

[0008] S2: After 3 to 7 minutes, physiological saline is inhaled by the negative pressure action of the suction balloon to wash the blood sample on the PDMS substrate flow channel with the physiological saline, and the physiological saline and the blood sample are moved away from the PDMS substrate flow channel;

[0009] S3: Electric current is applied to the electrodes respectively located at both ends of the PDMS substrate flow channel and both connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the PDMS substrate flow channel;

[0010] S4: Place the chip substrate under a microscope to observe the movement and trajectory of neutrophils, and obtain the electro-tactic behavior characteristic parameters of neutrophils, namely the total cell migration distance, cell migration time, and linear cell migration distance, based on the movement and trajectory of neutrophils.

[0011] S5: Based on the obtained total migration distance of neutrophils, neutrophil migration time, and linear neutrophil migration distance, calculate the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils. If both the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils are greater than their corresponding given values, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia.

[0012] If both the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils are less than their corresponding given values, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than the corresponding given value while the electro-tactic index is less than the corresponding given value, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than the corresponding given value while the electro-tactic index is greater than the corresponding given value, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia.

[0013] Explanation: The chip substrate is a PDMS-glass microfluidic chip.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] Based on microfluidic chip technology and combined with the electro-tactic behavior of neutrophils, the present invention creatively proposes a method for pathological classification of pediatric pneumonia that is early, rapid, low-cost, high-efficiency, highly specific, and sensitive. Compared with detection techniques based on antigen-antibody reactions or nucleic acid sequence-specific amplification, microfluidic chip technology only requires a small sample volume to obtain high-quality analysis results, significantly shortening the time required by traditional detection methods. Moreover, it is easy to operate and has a wider range of applicable scenarios.

[0016] Specifically, 1) Since the main function of neutrophils is to phagocytose and kill bacteria, neutrophils are more active in bacterial infections and relatively quiet in non-bacterial pneumonia. By analyzing the differences in the electro-tactic migration behavior of neutrophils, the type of pneumonia can be judged early and rapidly; (2) The chip substrate (i.e., the microfluidic chip) can precisely control the migration behavior of cells through micron-level flow channels and electric field regulation technology, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the detection results; (3) By applying a direct current electric field through electrodes, the electric field distribution in the flow channel (i.e., the microchannel) is ensured to be uniform and the intensity is controllable, avoiding detection errors caused by uneven electric fields; (4) Through the antibodies on the PDMS substrate, effective capture of neutrophils is achieved without affecting their activity.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, S1 includes the following steps:

[0018] S11: Press the suction balloon and drop 50 - 100 μl of blood sample into one end of the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate.

[0019] S12: Release the suction balloon to allow the blood sample to flow to the antibody layer in the middle of the PDMS substrate flow channel, and the antibodies in the antibody layer capture neutrophils in the blood sample.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, S2 includes the following steps:

[0021] S21: After 3 - 7 minutes, press the suction balloon again and drop 350 - 700 μl of physiological saline into one end of the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate.

[0022] S22: Release the suction balloon to allow the physiological saline to wash the blood sample on the PDMS substrate flow channel and let the physiological saline and the blood sample move away from the PDMS substrate flow channel.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, S5 includes the following steps:

[0024] S51: According to the total migration distance of neutrophils, neutrophil migration time, and linear migration distance of neutrophils, obtain the average migration speed of neutrophils and the electrotactic index, as shown in formulas (1) and (2):

[0025]

[0026] In formula (1), V is the average migration speed of neutrophils, d is the total migration distance of neutrophils, and Δt is the neutrophil migration time. In formula (2), EI is the electrotactic index, and r is the linear migration distance of neutrophils.

[0027] S52: If the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is greater than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia;

[0028] If the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is less than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is greater than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is less than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non - bacterial pneumonia.

[0029] The second object of the present invention is to provide an identification instrument for pneumonia pathological classification, which adopts the above - mentioned identification method for pneumonia pathological classification, including a chip substrate. A flow channel is provided inside the chip substrate, an antibody layer is provided on the flow channel, one end of the chip substrate is connected with a suction balloon communicated with the flow channel, and electrode connections are provided on the inner surfaces of the bottoms at both ends of the flow channel.

[0030] Principle of the technical solution:

[0031] Press the suction balloon, drop blood at the end of the flow channel far from the suction balloon, release the suction balloon, and under the action of negative pressure, the blood flows on the flow channel. The neutrophils in the blood are captured by the antibodies in the antibody layer. Then press the suction balloon again, drop physiological saline (or PBS phosphate buffer saline) at the end of the flow channel far from the suction balloon, release the suction balloon, and under the action of negative pressure, the physiological saline washes and takes away other cells except neutrophils to the end of the flow channel close to the suction balloon;

[0032] Apply a direct current of 3 - 12 volts across both ends of the flow channel through two electrodes, and observe the movement and trajectory of neutrophils under a microscope. If both the average migration speed and the electrotaxis index of the cells are greater than the corresponding given values, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia; if both the average migration speed and the electrotaxis index of the cells are less than the corresponding given values, or the average migration speed of the cells is greater than the corresponding given value and the electrotaxis index is less than the corresponding given value, or the average migration speed of the cells is less than the corresponding given value and the electrotaxis index is greater than the corresponding given value, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non - bacterial pneumonia.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] The chip substrate of the present invention is transparent. Through the cooperation of the flow channel, antibody layer, and suction balloon located in the chip substrate, the capture of neutrophils can be completed. Coupled with the setting of two electrodes, the movement and trajectory of neutrophils are observed under a microscope, so as to judge the type of pneumonia within 3 - 5 minutes according to the movement and trajectory of neutrophils, and thus accurately and quickly classify the pathological type of pediatric pneumonia at the early stage of pediatric pneumonia, so as to assist clinical treatment.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chip substrate includes a PDMS substrate and a glass slide, the PDMS substrate and the glass slide are permanently bonded, and the flow channel is located on the PDMS substrate.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first through - hole is provided at the end of the chip substrate far from the suction balloon, and blood or physiological saline is dropped into one end of the flow channel through the first through - hole.

[0037] Beneficial effect: The first through - hole facilitates the dropper to pass through and drop blood or physiological saline into one end of the flow channel.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second through - hole is provided at the end of the chip substrate close to the suction balloon. The two electrodes are respectively connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the corresponding end of the flow channel through the first through - hole and the second through - hole, and the electrodes are in contact with the inner wall of the second through - hole.

[0039] Beneficial effects: Electrodes can be easily set in both the first via and the second via. The electrode is in contact with the inner wall of the second via, which can ensure the sealing of the chip substrate. Specifically, it ensures the sealing between the end of the flow channel far from the suction balloon and the suction balloon, and ensures that by pressing and releasing the suction balloon, blood can be smoothly adsorbed onto the flow channel or the end of the flow channel close to the suction balloon.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, liquid storage pools communicating with the flow channel are provided at both ends of the chip substrate. The liquid storage pools are used to hold the dropped blood or physiological saline. One of the liquid storage pools is located between the flow channel and the suction balloon, and a one-way valve is provided between the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon and the flow channel.

[0041] In this solution, press the suction balloon to drop blood into the liquid storage pool far from the suction balloon, and release the suction balloon. Under the action of negative pressure, the blood flows to the middle of the flow channel, and the neutrophils in the blood are captured by the antibodies in the antibody layer. Then press the suction balloon again to drop physiological saline (or PBS phosphate buffer saline) into the liquid storage pool far from the suction balloon, and release the suction balloon. Under the action of negative pressure, the physiological saline washes away and takes away other cells except neutrophils and flows through the one-way valve into the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon.

[0042] Beneficial effects: The setting of the liquid storage pool and the one-way valve can prevent other cells except neutrophils and physiological saline from flowing back to the antibody layer, affecting the microscopic observation of the movement of neutrophils. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of observing cell migration under a microscope of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is a cell migration picture of the recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 is an experimental analysis diagram of the recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the recognition instrument for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic partial structural diagram of the recognition instrument for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic partial structural diagram of the recognition instrument for pneumonia pathological typing of the present invention from another angle. Detailed Embodiments

[0050] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be specifically described in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments, all of which do not depart from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are for illustrative purposes in nature and not for limiting the present invention.

[0051] In the description of this application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "first", "second", "one side", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to this application.

[0052] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0053] Reference numerals include: flow channel 1, antibody layer 2, suction balloon 3, electrode 4, PDMS substrate 5, glass slide 6, one-way valve 7, first through hole 8, second through hole 9.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, the recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing includes the following steps:

[0055] S1: By the negative pressure action of the suction balloon, the blood sample is placed on the flow channel of the PDMS substrate on the chip substrate, and the antibodies on the flow channel of the PDMS substrate capture neutrophils in the blood sample;

[0056] In this embodiment, S1 includes the following steps:

[0057] S11: Press the suction balloon and drop 50 - 100 μl of blood sample into one end of the flow channel of the PDMS substrate on the chip substrate;

[0058] S12: Release the suction balloon to allow the blood sample to flow to the antibody layer in the middle of the flow channel of the PDMS substrate, and the antibodies at the antibody layer capture neutrophils in the blood sample.

[0059] In this embodiment, the antibody can be collagen I, extracellular matrix protein, laminin. By performing specific protein modification on the surface of the flow channel of the PDMS substrate, effective capture of neutrophils by the specific protein is achieved without affecting the activity of neutrophils. When recognizing the pneumonia pathological typing, the chip substrate is in an environment of 37 °C, and the chip substrate can maintain 37 °C through an integrated temperature control system.

[0060] S2: After 3 - 7 minutes, inhale physiological saline by the negative pressure action of the suction balloon to wash the blood sample on the flow channel of the PDMS substrate and let the physiological saline and the blood sample move away from the flow channel of the PDMS substrate;

[0061] In this embodiment, S2 includes the following steps:

[0062] S21: After 3 to 7 minutes, press the suction balloon again to drip 350 - 700 μl of physiological saline into one end of the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate;

[0063] S22: Release the suction balloon to let the physiological saline wash the blood sample on the PDMS substrate flow channel and let the physiological saline and the blood sample move away from the PDMS substrate flow channel.

[0064] S3: Energize the electrodes that are respectively located at both ends of the PDMS substrate flow channel and are both connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the PDMS substrate flow channel;

[0065] S4: Place the chip substrate under a microscope to observe the movement and trajectory of neutrophils, and obtain the electro-tactic behavior characteristic parameters of neutrophils, namely the total cell migration distance, cell migration time, and cell migration straight-line distance, based on the movement and trajectory of neutrophils;

[0066] S5: Based on the obtained total neutrophil migration distance, neutrophil migration time, and neutrophil migration straight-line distance, obtain the average neutrophil migration speed and electro-tactic index. If both the average neutrophil migration speed and the electro-tactic index are greater than the corresponding given values, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia;

[0067] If both the average neutrophil migration speed and the electro-tactic index are less than the corresponding given values, or the average neutrophil migration speed is greater than the corresponding given value and the electro-tactic index is less than the corresponding given value, or the average neutrophil migration speed is less than the corresponding given value and the electro-tactic index is greater than the corresponding given value, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia.

[0068] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 、 3 shown, S5 includes the following steps:

[0069] S51: Based on the obtained total neutrophil migration distance, neutrophil migration time, and neutrophil migration straight-line distance, obtain the average neutrophil migration speed and electro-tactic index, as shown in formulas (1) and (2):

[0070]

[0071] In formula (1), V is the average neutrophil migration speed, d is the total neutrophil migration distance, Δt is the neutrophil migration time, and in formula (2), EI is the electro-tactic index, r is the neutrophil migration straight-line distance;

[0072] As Figure 4As shown, S52: When the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electrotaxis index is greater than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia;

[0073] If the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electrotaxis index is less than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotaxis index is greater than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotaxis index is less than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia, such as viral pneumonia.

[0074] As Figure 5 shown, the identification instrument for pneumonia pathological classification includes a chip substrate, as Figure 6 shown, the chip substrate includes a PDMS substrate 5 and a glass slide 6. The PDMS substrate 5 and the glass slide 6 are permanently bonded, that is, the upper surface of the PDMS substrate 5 and the lower surface of the glass slide 6 are closely attached. In this embodiment, the PDMS substrate is a thin sheet or substrate made of polydimethylsiloxane, and the glass slide 6 is transparent.

[0075] As Figure 7 shown, a flow channel 1 is provided on the PDMS substrate 5. The flow channel 1 is a microchannel. Motors 4 are connected to the inner surfaces of the bottoms at both ends of the flow channel 1. Both ends of the flow channel 1 can be used to hold the dropped blood or saline. In this embodiment, liquid storage pools communicating with the flow channel 1 are provided at both ends of the chip substrate, and the liquid storage pools are used to hold blood or saline. An antibody layer 2 is provided on the flow channel 1. One end of the chip substrate is connected to a suction balloon 3 communicating with the flow channel 1. One of the liquid storage pools is located between the flow channel 1 and the suction balloon 3, and a one-way valve 7 is provided between the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon 3 and the flow channel 1.

[0076] In this embodiment, the one-way valve 7 is a waterproof and breathable valve, which allows gas to flow from inside to outside or from outside to inside, and at the same time allows liquid to flow unidirectionally, such as the one-way valve of FlexVent BV7 model.

[0077] In this embodiment, the one-way valve 7, the PDMS substrate 5, the glass slide 6, and the suction balloon 3 cooperate to form an enclosed space. The enclosed space can be used as a pneumatic buffer area, which can enhance the negative pressure stability. The one-way valve allows external air to slowly penetrate into the enclosed space, avoiding a sudden drop in negative pressure caused by the rapid rebound of the suction balloon 3, enabling the blood or saline to be fully and evenly located on the antibody layer 2, preventing liquid from flowing back to the external environment, and ensuring the safety of the experiment.

[0078] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a first through hole 8 is provided at one end of the glass slide 6 away from the suction balloon 3. The first through hole 8 communicates with the liquid storage pool, and blood or physiological saline is dripped into the flow channel 1 through the first through hole 8 and the liquid storage pool. A second through hole 9 is provided at one end of the glass slide 6 close to the suction balloon 3.

[0079] In this embodiment, the two electrodes 4 are respectively connected to the inner surface of the corresponding bottom of the flow channel 1 through the first through hole 8 and the second through hole 9. The electrode 4 is attached to the inner wall of the second through hole 9. In this embodiment, the electrode 4 is a platinum wire electrode.

[0080] In this embodiment, the suction balloon 3 is pressed to drop the blood into the liquid storage pool away from the suction balloon 3. The suction balloon 3 is released. Under the action of negative pressure, the blood flows on the inner surface of the bottom of the flow channel 1. The neutrophils in the blood are captured by the antibodies in the antibody layer 2. Then the suction balloon 3 is pressed again to drop the physiological saline (or PBS phosphate buffer saline) into the liquid storage pool away from the suction balloon 3. The suction balloon 3 is released (with different pressing forces each time). Under the action of negative pressure, the physiological saline washes away and takes away other cells except neutrophils, and at the same time passes through the one-way valve 7 into the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon 3;

[0081] A direct current of 3 to 12 volts is applied across the two ends of the flow channel 2 through the two electrodes 4, and the movement and trajectory of neutrophils are observed under a microscope. If both the average migration speed and the electrotaxis index of neutrophils are greater than the corresponding given values, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia. If both the average migration speed and the electrotaxis index of neutrophils are less than the corresponding given values, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than the corresponding given value and the electrotaxis index is less than the corresponding given value, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than the corresponding given value and the electrotaxis index is greater than the corresponding given value, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia.

[0082] In this embodiment, the suction balloon 3 can be an ear syringe. The suction balloon 3 and the liquid storage pool for accommodating the dropped blood or physiological saline are respectively located at both ends of the PDMS substrate 5. The suction balloon 3 can make the blood or physiological saline evenly located on the antibody layer 2 and can make the blood or physiological saline effectively pass through the antibody layer 2 into the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon 3.

[0083] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention belong to the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A recognition method for pathological classification of pneumonia, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: By the negative pressure of the suction balloon, make the blood sample located on the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate, and the antibodies on the PDMS substrate flow channel capture neutrophils in the blood sample; S2: After 3 - 7 minutes, suck in normal saline by the negative pressure of the suction balloon, let the normal saline wash the blood sample on the PDMS substrate flow channel, and let the normal saline and the blood sample move away from the PDMS substrate flow channel; S3: Apply electricity to the electrodes respectively located at both ends of the PDMS substrate flow channel and both connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the PDMS substrate flow channel; S4: Place the chip substrate under a microscope to observe the movement and trajectory of neutrophils, and obtain the electro-tactic behavior characteristic parameters of neutrophils, namely the total migration distance of neutrophils, the migration time of neutrophils, and the linear migration distance of neutrophils, according to the movement and trajectory of neutrophils; S5: According to the obtained total migration distance of neutrophils, the migration time of neutrophils, and the linear migration distance of neutrophils, obtain the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils. If both the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils are greater than the corresponding given values, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia; If both the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of neutrophils are less than the corresponding given values, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than the corresponding given value and the electro-tactic index is less than the corresponding given value, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than the corresponding given value and the electro-tactic index is greater than the corresponding given value, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia.

2. The recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 1, wherein: S1 includes the following steps: S11: Press the suction balloon and drop 50 - 100 μl of blood sample into one end of the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate; S12: Release the suction balloon to let the blood sample flow to the antibody layer in the middle of the PDMS substrate flow channel, and the antibodies at the antibody layer capture neutrophils in the blood sample.

3. The identification method for pneumonia pathological classification according to claim 1, wherein: S2 includes the following steps: S21: After 3 - 7 minutes, press the suction balloon again and drop 350 - 700 μl of normal saline into one end of the PDMS substrate flow channel on the chip substrate; S22: Release the suction balloon to let the normal saline wash the blood sample on the PDMS substrate flow channel, and let the normal saline and the blood sample move away from the PDMS substrate flow channel.

4. The recognition method for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 1, wherein: S5 includes the following steps: S51: According to the obtained total cell migration distance, cell migration time, and linear cell migration distance, obtain the average migration speed and electro-tactic index of cells, as shown in formulas (1) and (2): In formula (1), V is the average migration speed of neutrophils, d is the total migration distance of neutrophils, Δt is the migration time of neutrophils. In formula (2), EI is the electro-tactic index, and r is the linear migration distance of neutrophils; S52: If the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electro-tactic index is greater than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is bacterial pneumonia; When the average migration speed of neutrophils is greater than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is less than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is greater than 0.363, or the average migration speed of neutrophils is less than 1.076 and the electrotactic index is less than 0.363, the pathological classification of the blood sample is non-bacterial pneumonia.

5. An identification instrument for pathological typing of pneumonia, characterized in that: The identification method for pathological classification of pneumonia according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising a chip substrate, a flow channel is provided in the chip substrate, an antibody layer is provided on the flow channel, one end of the chip substrate is connected with a suction balloon communicated with the flow channel, and electrodes are connected to the inner surfaces of the bottoms of both ends of the flow channel.

6. The identification instrument for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 5, wherein: The chip substrate includes a PDMS substrate and a glass slide, the PDMS substrate and the glass slide are permanently bonded, and the flow channel is located on the PDMS substrate.

7. The identification instrument for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 5, wherein: A first through hole is provided at one end of the chip substrate away from the suction balloon, and blood or physiological saline is dropped into one end of the flow channel through the first through hole.

8. The recognition instrument for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second through hole is provided at one end of the chip substrate close to the suction balloon, and the two electrodes are respectively connected to the inner surfaces of the corresponding ends of the bottom of the flow channel through the first through hole and the second through hole, and the electrodes are attached to the inner wall of the second through hole.

9. The recognition instrument for pneumonia pathological typing according to claim 5, characterized in that: Liquid storage pools communicated with the flow channel are provided at both ends of the chip substrate, the liquid storage pools are used to accommodate the dropped blood or physiological saline, one of the liquid storage pools is located between the flow channel and the suction balloon, and a one-way valve is provided between the liquid storage pool close to the suction balloon and the flow channel.

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