Fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The invention uses terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, a catalyst and a self-made antistatic monomer as raw materials to prepare the fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions. The invention modifies PET by ester exchange, and introduces ether bonds and quaternary ammonium salt ions into the side chains to synergistically achieve the improvement of moisture absorption and antistatic properties. The ether bonds can form hydrogen bond networks with water molecules to lock free water molecules, and the quaternary ammonium salt ions can provide carriers for ionization and conduct qualitatively under the action of an electric field, thereby eliminating static electricity accumulation and achieving a lasting antistatic effect, so that the material has both moisture absorption and antistatic properties. In addition, the ether bonds and the quaternary ammonium salt ions are stably connected to the side chains of PET molecules through covalent bonds, so that the modified fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions can still maintain high efficiency and activity after multiple washings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of functional textile development, and specifically relates to a fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of technology and improved living standards, people have higher expectations for the comfort, warmth, and safety of clothing fabrics. This is especially true during exercise and certain specialized work environments, where fabrics must quickly absorb moisture and wick away perspiration to keep the body dry while also preventing the discomfort and harm caused by static electricity, such as dust attraction and interference with electronic devices. Natural fiber fabrics like cotton and bamboo fibers, while highly hygroscopic, swell easily, leading to sweat retention and reduced breathability and perspiration management. Synthetic fiber fabrics like polyester have low hygroscopicity, poor breathability, and are prone to static electricity generation. Traditional fabrics alone cannot meet the requirements for comfortable moisture wicking and anti-static properties.

[0003] Among the technologies for improving the performance of polyester fibers, although the use of hydrophilic monomer polyester copolymerization can improve the hygroscopic performance, the antistatic durability is limited; the method of surface coating with antistatic agents is simple to operate, but the coating is easy to fall off, which is difficult to meet the needs of long-term use; the addition of conductive fillers can enhance the antistatic properties, but it will affect the feel and appearance of the fabric and damage the mechanical properties of the fiber. In addition, most technologies can only improve the hygroscopic or antistatic performance alone, and it is difficult to achieve the synergistic optimization of the two functions. With the surge in demand for functional fabrics in emerging industries such as smart wearables and outdoor sports, the development of a polyester fiber modified fabric with simple process, long-lasting performance, and both moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions has become a key issue to be urgently addressed in the textile field. Based on this, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions, comprising the following steps:

[0007] In the first step, methyl 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate, potassium carbonate, and tetrahydrofuran are mixed in a three-necked flask, equipped with a condenser and a thermometer, magnetic stirring is turned on, and methyl bromide is introduced. The system is heated to 60-70° C., reacted for 3-5 hours, and then cooled to room temperature; the mixture is extracted with anhydrous ethanol, the organic phases are combined, dried and filtered after adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the ethanol is evaporated to obtain a water-absorbing monomer;

[0008] In the second step, butyric acid, 2-chloroethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed in a three-necked flask, equipped with a condenser and a thermometer, and magnetic stirring was turned on. The system was heated to 110-120°C and reacted for 6-8 hours. After cooling to room temperature, it was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried, and then distilled and purified to obtain a halogenated unit;

[0009] Step 3: Add the water-absorbing monomer, halogenated unit and acetonitrile into a three-necked flask, install a condenser and a thermometer, start magnetic stirring, heat the system to 60-70°C, react for 16-24 hours, cool to room temperature, precipitate crystals and filter to obtain the antistatic monomer;

[0010] The fourth step is to add terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and catalyst tetrabutyl titanate into the reactor under nitrogen protection conditions, heat the system to 180-200 ° C and react for 1.5-2 hours to obtain a basic polyester chain after prepolymerization, add antistatic monomer and zinc acetate into the system, and heat the system in stages. First, heat the system to 170-190 ° C and react for 2-3 hours, then heat it to 200-210 ° C and react for 0.5-1.5 hours, and then heat it to 220-230 ° C and react for 0.5-1 hour. The pressure of the reaction system is reduced to below 800 Pa, and the temperature is raised to 260-270 ° C. After reacting under this condition for 0.5-1.5 hours, the pressure of the system is reduced to below 200 Pa, and the heat is kept for 2-4 hours to complete the polycondensation to obtain a hygroscopic antistatic copolyester;

[0011] Step 5: Add the modified PET into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, and then melt-spin the modified PET fiber to obtain the hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric.

[0012] Furthermore, in the first step, the mass ratio of 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate, methyl bromide, potassium carbonate and tetrahydrofuran is 100-110:140-150:135-155:700-900.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio of butyric acid, 2-chloroethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid in the second step is 120-130:100-110:5-6.

[0014] Furthermore, the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid in the second step is 92% to 98%.

[0015] Furthermore, in the third step, the mass ratio of the water-absorbing monomer, the halogenated unit and the acetonitrile is 95-100:75-80:350-400.

[0016] Furthermore, the molar fraction of zinc acetate in the fourth step is 0.15%.

[0017] Furthermore, in the fourth step, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid, tetrabutyl titanate, zinc acetate and antistatic monomer is 55-65:95-100:0.01-0.05:0.15-0.3:50-55.

[0018] Furthermore, the melt extrusion temperature in the fifth step is 180-200°C.

[0019] Preferably, the staged heating process in the fourth step is first heated to 190°C at a rate of 20°C / h, kept constant at this temperature for 2-3h, then heated to 210°C at 30°C / h, kept constant at this temperature for 0.5-1h, and then heated to 230°C at 40°C / h.

[0020] A method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions, wherein the fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions is prepared by any of the above preparation steps.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] The invention uses 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate methyl ester and bromomethane as raw materials and tetrahydrofuran as an ionic liquid to carry out a Williamson ether synthesis reaction under an alkaline environment to obtain a water-absorbing monomer with an ether bond; uses butyric acid and 2-chloroethanol as raw materials and concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst to carry out an esterification reaction to obtain a halogenated unit with a halogen element; and carries out a quaternary ammonium salt reaction of the halogen element in the halogen unit with pyridine in the water-absorbing unit to obtain an antistatic monomer. PET is modified by ester exchange to obtain a modified hygroscopic antistatic copolyester containing a pyridine quaternary ammonium salt and an ether bond.

[0023] The raw material 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate methyl ester of the present invention contains a pyridine ring, which provides a precise reaction site for the quaternary ammonium salt reaction, and the ester group provides an anchor point for connection with the PET main chain; the chloride ion in the halogenated unit acts as a strong electrophilic reagent and reacts with the nitrogen ion in the pyridine ring in the water-absorbing monomer to produce a highly efficient and transferable quaternary ammonium salt reaction, thereby accurately positioning the quaternary ammonium salt cation at the molecular level.

[0024] The antistatic monomer structure of the present invention, which is connected to the side chain of PET, contains three functional groups, namely, an ether bond and a quaternary ammonium salt cation. The hygroscopic and antistatic properties are improved through synergistic action. The ether bonds in the molecules form a hydrogen bond network with water molecules, effectively adsorbing and locking free water molecules to achieve a water absorption effect. As a product of the quaternary ammonium salt reaction, the quaternary ammonium salt cation in the monomer can provide carriers for ionization, and can directionally migrate and conduct charges under the action of an electric field, counteracting the synchronous reverse migration of anions to maintain charge balance and achieve an antistatic effect. This multi-group synergistic action mode enables the material to have both hygroscopic and antistatic properties.

[0025] The present invention firmly bonds ether bonds and quaternary ammonium salt ions to PET molecular side chains through covalent bonds, so that the modified fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions can still maintain high efficiency and activity after multiple washings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection requested by this application.

[0027] The sources of all raw materials in the present invention are not particularly limited and can be purchased from the market or prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0028] Example 1: A fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions is made by the following steps.

[0029] In the first step, 6 g of methyl 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate, 6 g of potassium carbonate, and 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran were mixed in a three-necked flask, equipped with a condenser and a thermometer, magnetic stirring was turned on, and 860 ml of methyl bromide was introduced. The system was heated to 60° C., reacted for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature; the mixture was extracted with anhydrous ethanol, the organic phases were combined, dried and filtered after adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the ethanol was evaporated to obtain a water-absorbing monomer;

[0030] In the second step, 6.6 g of butyric acid, 6 g of 2-chloroethanol and 0.6 ml of 92% concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, the system was heated to 110°C, reacted for 6 hours, cooled to room temperature, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried and purified by distillation to obtain a halogenated unit;

[0031] Step 3: Add 5 g of water-absorbing monomer, 4 g of halogenated unit and 1 ml of acetonitrile into a three-necked flask, install a condenser and a thermometer, turn on magnetic stirring, heat the system to 60°C, react for 16 hours, and then cool to room temperature. After crystallization, filter to obtain the antistatic monomer;

[0032] Step 4: Under nitrogen protection, 4 g of terephthalic acid, 3 ml of ethylene glycol and 0.02 ml of tetrabutyl titanate were added to the reactor, the system was heated to 180 ° C. and reacted for 1.5 hours for prepolymerization to obtain a basic polyester chain, 1 g of the antistatic monomer in the third step and 0.06 g of zinc acetate were added to the system, and the temperature was raised in stages. The system was first heated to 170 ° C. and reacted for 2 hours, then to 200 ° C. and reacted for 0.5 hours, and then to 220 ° C. and reacted for 0.5 hours. The pressure of the reaction system was reduced to below 800 Pa, and the temperature was raised to 260 ° C. After reacting under this condition for 0.5 hours, the pressure was reduced to below 200 Pa, and the reaction was kept warm for 2 hours to complete the polycondensation to obtain a hygroscopic antistatic copolyester;

[0033] Step 5: Add the modified PET into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, and then melt-spin the modified PET fiber to obtain the hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric.

[0034] Example 2: A fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions is made by the following steps.

[0035] Step 1: Mix 7g of methyl 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate, 7g of potassium carbonate, and 70ml of tetrahydrofuran in a three-necked flask, install a condenser and a thermometer, start magnetic stirring, and introduce 880ml of methyl bromide. Heat the system to 65°C, react for 4 hours, and then cool to room temperature. Extract the mixture with anhydrous ethanol, combine the organic phases, add anhydrous sodium sulfate, dry, filter, and evaporate to remove ethanol to obtain a water-absorbing monomer.

[0036] In the second step, 7 g of butyric acid, 6.4 g of 2-chloroethanol and 0.8 ml of 95% concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, the system was heated to 115°C, reacted for 7 hours, cooled to room temperature, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried and purified by distillation to obtain a halogenated unit;

[0037] Step 3: Add 6 g of water-absorbing monomer, 4.5 g of halogenated unit and 2 ml of acetonitrile into a three-necked flask, install a condenser and a thermometer, turn on magnetic stirring, heat the system to 65 ° C, react for 18 hours, cool to room temperature, precipitate crystals and filter to obtain antistatic monomer;

[0038] Step 4: Under nitrogen protection, 5 g of terephthalic acid, 4 ml of ethylene glycol and 0.04 ml of tetrabutyl titanate were added to the reactor, the system was heated to 190 ° C and reacted for 1.75 h to obtain a basic polyester chain after prepolymerization, 2 g of antistatic monomer and 0.08 g of zinc acetate were added to the system, and the temperature was raised in stages. The system was first heated to 180 ° C and reacted for 2.5 h, then to 205 ° C and reacted for 1 h, and then to 225 ° C and reacted for 0.75 h; the pressure of the reaction system was reduced to below 800 Pa, the temperature was raised to 265 ° C, and after reacting under this condition for 1 h, the pressure was reduced to below 200 Pa, and the temperature was kept for 3 h to complete the polycondensation to obtain a hygroscopic antistatic copolyester;

[0039] Step 5: Add the modified PET into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, and then melt-spin the modified PET fiber to obtain the hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric.

[0040] Example 3: A fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions is made by the following steps.

[0041] In the first step, 8 g of methyl 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate, 8 g of potassium carbonate, and 80 ml of tetrahydrofuran were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, and 900 ml of methyl bromide was introduced. The system was heated to 70° C., reacted for 5 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was extracted with anhydrous ethanol, the organic phases were combined, dried and filtered after adding anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the ethanol was evaporated to obtain a water-absorbing monomer.

[0042] In the second step, 7.6 g of butyric acid, 7 g of 2-chloroethanol and 1 ml of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed in a three-necked flask, a condenser and a thermometer were installed, magnetic stirring was turned on, the system was heated to 120°C, reacted for 8 hours, cooled to room temperature, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water, dried and purified by distillation to obtain a halogenated unit;

[0043] Step 3: Add 7 g of water-absorbing monomer, 5 g of halogenated unit and 3 ml of acetonitrile into a three-necked flask, install a condenser and a thermometer, turn on magnetic stirring, heat the system to 70°C, react for 24 hours, cool to room temperature, precipitate crystals and filter to obtain the antistatic monomer;

[0044] Step 4: Under nitrogen protection, 6 g of terephthalic acid, 5 ml of ethylene glycol and 0.06 ml of tetrabutyl titanate were added to the reactor, the system was heated to 200 ° C and reacted for 2 hours to obtain a basic polyester chain after prepolymerization, 3 g of antistatic monomer and 0.1 g of zinc acetate were added to the system, and the temperature was raised in stages. The system was first heated to 190 ° C and reacted for 3 hours, then to 210 ° C and reacted for 1.5 hours, and then to 230 ° C and reacted for 1 hour; the pressure of the reaction system was reduced to below 800 Pa, the temperature was raised to 270 ° C, and after reacting under this condition for 1.5 hours, the pressure was reduced to below 200 Pa, and the temperature was kept for 4 hours to complete the polycondensation to obtain a hygroscopic antistatic copolyester;

[0045] Step 5: Add the modified PET into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, and then melt-spin the modified PET fiber to obtain the hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: In the first step, 5 g of terephthalic acid, 4 ml of ethylene glycol and 0.04 ml of tetrabutyl titanate were added to a reactor under nitrogen protection conditions, and the system was heated to 190° C. and reacted for 1.75 hours for prepolymerization to obtain a basic polyester chain. The temperature was then raised in stages, first to 180° C. and reacted for 2.5 hours, then to 205° C. and reacted for 1 hour, and then to 225° C. and reacted for 0.75 hours; the pressure of the reaction system was reduced to below 800 Pa, the temperature was raised to 265° C., and after reacting under this condition for 1 hour, the pressure was reduced to below 200 Pa, and the temperature was kept for reaction for 3 hours to complete the polycondensation to obtain PET;

[0047] In the second step, PET is added into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion, and then melt-spun into modified PET fiber, which is then woven and shaped to obtain a moisture-absorbing and antistatic PET fabric.

[0048] Experimental Example 1: The PET fabrics in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were respectively subjected to performance tests. The moisture regain of each group of textile materials was tested with reference to the national standard GB / T9994-2008 "Conventional Moisture Regain of Textile Materials", and the conventional moisture regain was calculated by measuring the conventional mass of the textile materials. The test results are shown in Table 1. The antistatic properties of each group of textile materials were tested with reference to GB / T 12703.1-2021 "Test Method for Electrostatic Properties of Textiles - Part 1: Corona Charging Method", and the half-life of each group of textile materials was monitored in real time using a non-contact electrostatic voltage probe using high-voltage corona discharge. The test results are shown in Table 2;

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051] Table 2

[0052] It can be seen from Table 1 that the moisture absorption properties of the hygroscopic antistatic PET fabrics in Examples 1 to 3 are better than those of the PET fabric in Comparative Example 1. It can be seen from Table 2 that the antistatic properties of the hygroscopic antistatic PET fabrics in Examples 1 to 3 are better than those of the PET fabric in Comparative Example 1. Combined with Comparative Example 1, it can be shown that the antistatic monomer structure containing ether bonds, ester groups and quaternary ammonium salt cations in the side chains of PET can effectively improve the moisture absorption and perspiration and antistatic properties of the PET fabric.

[0053] The above embodiments are merely intended to facilitate understanding of the methods and core concepts of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to be construed in the widest manner consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of antistatic monomer: 4,6-dihydroxynicotinate methyl ester and methyl bromide are subjected to Williamson ether synthesis under alkaline conditions to obtain a water-absorbing monomer, butyric acid and 2-chloroethanol are subjected to esterification reaction to obtain a halogenated unit, and then the water-absorbing monomer and the halogenated unit are subjected to a quaternary ammonium salt reaction to obtain an antistatic monomer; Preparation of hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric: Terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and a catalyst are added to a container under nitrogen protection conditions, prepolymerized to obtain a basic polyester chain, and then an antistatic monomer is added to carry out ester exchange, polycondensation, cooling, pelletizing, extrusion, melt spinning, weaving, and shaping to obtain the hygroscopic and antistatic PET fabric; The method comprises the following steps: preparing the antistatic monomer in a mass ratio of butyric acid to 2-chloroethanol: 120-130:100-110; preparing the antistatic monomer in a mass ratio of the water-absorbing monomer to the halogenated unit: 100-110:75-80; carrying out the prepolymerization at a temperature of 180-200° C. for 1.5-2 hours; and carrying out the polycondensation at a temperature of 170-190° C. for 2-3 hours, then heating the temperature to 200-210° C. for 0.5-1 hour, then heating the temperature to 220-230° C. for 0.5-1 hour, then reducing the pressure of the reaction system to below 800 Pa, increasing the temperature to 260-270° C., reacting under these conditions for 0.5-1.5 hours, then reducing the pressure of the system to below 200 Pa, and maintaining the temperature for 2-4 hours.

2. The method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alkaline environment for synthesizing the water-absorbing monomer in the step of preparing the antistatic monomer is formed by adding potassium carbonate.

3. The method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst in the step of preparing the hygroscopic antistatic PET fabric is tetrabutyl titanate.

4. The method for preparing a fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melt extrusion temperature condition is 180 to 200°C.

5. A fabric with moisture absorption and perspiration removal and antistatic functions, characterized in that: The fabric with moisture absorption, perspiration removal and antistatic functions is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images