External envelope structure with self-adaptive function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to an external envelope structure with a self-adaptive function, which sequentially comprises a thermochromic material layer, a thermal expansion and cold contraction material layer and a composite phase change material layer from top to bottom, the transmissivity of the thermochromic material layer and the expansion rate of the thermal expansion and cold contraction material layer change along with the change of the external environment temperature, and the composite phase change material layer stores heat by absorbing solar radiation. In winter, sunlight reaches the composite phase change material layer through a light guide channel formed by shrinkage of the thermochromic material layer and the thermal expansion and cold contraction material layer, so that the composite phase change material layer absorbs and stores heat, and a light absorption and heat storage mode is formed; in summer, sunlight is reflected and blocked by the thermochromic material layer and the thermal expansion and cold contraction material layer, the overall thermal resistance of the enclosure structure is increased due to expansion of the thermal expansion and cold contraction material layer, and a light-closed thermal resistance mode is achieved; through the working modes, self-adaptive adjustment of the thermal performance along with the change of the external environment is achieved, the heating energy consumption in winter and the refrigeration energy consumption in summer of the building are reduced, and the annual energy-saving performance of the building is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to an external protective structure with self-adapting function. Background Art

[0002] Heating and cooling energy consumption in buildings accounts for over half of their operating energy consumption. Most of this heating and cooling load is generated through heat transfer from the building envelope. Therefore, the building envelope plays a crucial role in heating and cooling energy consumption, and its thermal performance (thermal resistance and heat capacity) directly determines the building's operating energy consumption. Adding insulation to the envelope can improve its thermal resistance and reduce the building's heating energy consumption in winter. However, the insulation layer has a low heat capacity and poor thermal inertia, making it ineffective in utilizing the abundant winter solar energy to provide additional heat to the building, thereby further reducing heating energy consumption. Some technologies incorporate phase change materials into the envelope to increase its heat capacity and store some heat. While this can reduce heating energy consumption, it can easily lead to indoor overheating in the summer, increasing cooling energy consumption. Therefore, existing technologies often only meet the single thermal performance requirements of either winter or summer insulation, failing to address both winter heat preservation and summer insulation and cooling.

[0003] In existing technologies, most adaptive external envelope structures rely on external energy to drive thermal performance adjustments. For example, Chinese Patent 202411632524.2 achieves winter-summer mode switching by flipping louvers, but this requires additional energy to drive and is not adaptive. A small number of adaptive external envelope structures have poor adaptive performance. For example, Patent 202010903855.0 uses solid-solid phase change material as the first layer of the external envelope structure, which has limited heat storage and immutable thermal resistance, resulting in poor adaptive performance and insufficient energy saving in both winter and summer. In addition, existing technologies generally have the following defects:

[0004] 1. Mode switching requires external energy drive and is not adaptive;

[0005] Second, the thermal resistance and thermal capacity cannot be adjusted or the adjustment range is small, which cannot take into account both heat storage in winter and heat insulation in summer, resulting in insufficient energy saving throughout the year;

[0006] 3. The structure is complex and the application scenarios are limited. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide an external protective structure with self-adaptation function to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A self-adaptive external protective structure comprises, from top to bottom, a thermochromic material layer, a thermally expansive and thermally contractible material layer, and a composite phase-change material layer; the transmittance of the thermochromic material layer changes with changes in the external ambient temperature, the expansion rate of the thermally expansive and thermally contractible material layer changes with changes in the external ambient temperature, and the composite phase-change material layer stores heat by absorbing solar radiation.

[0010] Furthermore, the response temperature of the thermochromic material layer is set according to climatic conditions. When the temperature is lower than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer exhibits high transmittance, allowing sunlight to pass through; when the temperature is higher than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer exhibits high reflectivity, reflecting most of the sunlight.

[0011] Furthermore, the thermal expansion and contraction material layer contracts at low temperatures, causing the light guide channel to open, allowing sunlight to pass through the composite phase change material layer; and expands at high temperatures, causing the light guide channel to close and the thermal resistance to increase, preventing heat transfer.

[0012] Furthermore, the composite phase change material layer comprises a carbon-based or metal-based composite phase change material, which absorbs solar radiation to undergo phase change to store heat, and transfers the heat to the main body of the enclosure structure through heat conduction.

[0013] Furthermore, under low temperature conditions in winter, the high transmittance of the thermochromic material layer and the contraction of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer cause the light-guiding channel to open, and the composite phase change material layer absorbs and stores heat, forming a "light absorption and heat storage" mode, reducing heating energy consumption.

[0014] Furthermore, under high temperature conditions in summer, the high reflectivity of the thermochromic material layer and the expansion of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer cause the light guide channel to close and the thermal resistance to increase, forming a "light-blocking and heat-insulating" mode, thereby reducing cooling energy consumption.

[0015] Furthermore, the thermal resistance and thermal capacity of the exterior envelope structure are adaptively adjusted according to the external ambient temperature without the need for external energy drive, thereby improving the building's energy efficiency throughout the year.

[0016] Furthermore, the external protective structure is fixedly connected to the main body of the ordinary enclosure structure through an integrated ultra-thin glass frame, and is suitable for building wall or roof scenes.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] 1. In winter, most sunlight can pass through the thermochromic material layer and the thermal expansion and contraction material layer, and then be absorbed and stored by the composite phase change material, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the envelope structure in winter and reducing the heating energy consumption of the building; in summer, most sunlight cannot pass through the thermochromic material layer and the thermal expansion and contraction material layer, and the composite phase change material does not absorb heat and phase change. In addition, the expansion of the thermal expansion and contraction material causes the thermal resistance of the envelope structure to increase, thereby achieving the heat insulation effect of the envelope structure in summer and reducing the cooling energy consumption of the building;

[0019] 2. Under different climatic conditions in winter and summer, the present invention does not require external energy supply to adjust the thermal performance (heat capacity and thermal resistance) of the enclosing structure itself. It has the adaptability to self-regulate according to the external environment, thereby reducing the building's heating energy consumption in winter and cooling energy consumption in summer, and improving the building's energy saving throughout the year.

[0020] 3. The structure of the present invention is relatively simple and is suitable for multiple usage scenarios such as walls or roofs. It can be directly fixed on walls or roofs and has a high assembly rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the "light absorption and heat storage" mode of the present invention in winter;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the "light-blocking and heat-insulating" mode of the present invention in summer;

[0025] The accompanying drawings are numerals as follows:

[0026] 1-Thermochromic material layer, 2-Thermal expansion and contraction material layer, 3-Composite phase change material layer, 4-Ultra-thin glass frame, 5-Ordinary enclosure structure, 6-Incident sunlight, 7-Reflected light, 8-Transmitted light, 9-Light guide channel, 10-Light reflected or absorbed by the thermal expansion and contraction material layer DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example:

[0029] See also Figures 1 to 3In an embodiment of the present invention, an adaptive external protective structure includes, from top to bottom, a thermochromic material layer 1, a thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2, and a composite phase change material layer 3; the transmittance of the thermochromic material layer 1 changes with the external ambient temperature, the expansion rate of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 changes with the external ambient temperature, and the composite phase change material layer 3 stores heat by absorbing solar radiation.

[0030] The response temperature of the thermochromic material layer 1 is set according to the climatic conditions. When the temperature is lower than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer 1 exhibits high transmittance, allowing sunlight to pass through; when the temperature is higher than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer 1 exhibits high reflectivity, reflecting most of the sunlight.

[0031] The thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 contracts at low temperatures, causing the light guide channel to open, allowing sunlight to pass through the composite phase change material layer 3; and expands at high temperatures, causing the light guide channel to close and increasing thermal resistance, thereby preventing heat transfer.

[0032] The composite phase change material layer 3 comprises a carbon-based or metal-based composite phase change material, which absorbs solar radiation to undergo phase change to store heat, and transfers the heat to the enclosure structure body 5 through heat conduction.

[0033] Among them, under low temperature conditions in winter, the high transmittance of the thermochromic material layer 1 and the contraction of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 cause the light guide channel to be closed, and the composite phase change material layer 3 absorbs and stores heat, forming a "light absorption and heat storage" mode, reducing heating energy consumption.

[0034] Among them, under high temperature conditions in summer, the high reflectivity of the thermochromic material layer 1 and the expansion of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 cause the light guide channel to close and the thermal resistance to increase, forming a "light-blocking and heat-insulating" mode, thereby reducing cooling energy consumption.

[0035] Among them, the thermal resistance and thermal capacity of the external envelope structure change adaptively according to the ambient temperature, without the need for external energy drive, thereby improving the building's energy efficiency throughout the year.

[0036] Among them, the external protective structure is fixedly connected to the ordinary enclosure structure body 5 through an integrated ultra-thin glass frame 4, and is suitable for building wall or roof scenes.

[0037] Working principle:

[0038] 1. Light absorption and heat storage mode

[0039] In winter, the ambient temperature is low, lower than the response temperature of the thermochromic material layer 1. At this time, the thermochromic material layer 1 exhibits high transmittance to sunlight 6, and only a small portion of sunlight 7 is reflected, while the majority of sunlight 8 enters the interior of the external protective structure. At the same time, due to the low ambient temperature, the thermal expansion and contraction material is in a contracted state, and gaps appear between the thermal expansion and contraction material layers 2, forming light-guiding channels 9. At this time, the proportion of light 10 reflected or absorbed by the thermal expansion and contraction material layers is very small, and most of the sunlight 8 can still pass through the thermal expansion and contraction material layers to reach the composite phase-change material layer 3. After absorbing sunlight, the composite phase-change material layer 3 heats up and undergoes a phase change, storing heat. This heat is then transferred to the ordinary external protective structure body 5 through heat conduction, achieving the purpose of heat preservation and reducing heating energy consumption in winter.

[0040] 2. Light-blocking and heat-insulating mode

[0041] In the summer, the ambient temperature is high, exceeding the response temperature of thermochromic material layer 1. At this time, thermochromic material layer 1 exhibits high reflectivity to sunlight 6, allowing only a small portion of sunlight 8 to enter the interior of the enclosure, while the majority of sunlight 7 is reflected. Simultaneously, due to the high ambient temperature, thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 expands, closing the light-guiding pathway. The small portion of sunlight 8 that passes through thermochromic layer 1 is further reflected or absorbed by the thermal expansion and contraction material layer, preventing composite phase-change material layer 3 from absorbing sunlight and undergoing a phase change. Furthermore, due to the high temperature, thermal expansion and contraction material layer 2 expands to form a porous structure, significantly increasing its thermal resistance and, consequently, the overall thermal resistance of the enclosure, thereby achieving thermal insulation and reducing cooling energy consumption in the summer.

[0042] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. An external protective structure with adaptive function, characterized in that: The invention comprises, from top to bottom, a thermochromic material layer (1), a thermal expansion and contraction material layer (2), and a composite phase change material layer (3); the transmittance of the thermochromic material layer (1) changes with the change of the external ambient temperature, the expansion rate of the thermal expansion and contraction material layer (2) changes with the change of the external ambient temperature, and the composite phase change material layer (3) stores heat by absorbing solar radiation.

2. The self-adaptive outer protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The response temperature of the thermochromic material layer (1) is set according to climatic conditions. When the temperature is lower than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer (1) exhibits high transmittance, allowing sunlight to pass through; and when the temperature is higher than the response temperature, the thermochromic material layer (1) exhibits high reflectivity, reflecting most of the sunlight.

3. The self-adaptive outer protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal expansion and contraction material layer (2) contracts at low temperatures to form a light guide channel, allowing sunlight to pass through the composite phase change material layer (3); and expands at high temperatures to block the light guide channel, preventing sunlight from passing through the composite phase change material layer (3). The expansion of the material at high temperatures causes thermal resistance to increase, further preventing heat transfer.

4. The self-adaptive external protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite phase change material layer (3) comprises a carbon-based or metal-based composite phase change material, which absorbs solar radiation to undergo phase change to store heat, and transfers the heat to the enclosure structure body (5) through heat conduction.

5. The external protective structure with adaptive function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Under low temperature conditions in winter, the thermochromic material layer (1) has high transmittance, and the thermal expansion and contraction material layer (2) contracts, causing the light guide channel to open, and the composite phase change material layer (3) absorbs and stores heat, forming a "light absorption and heat storage" mode, thereby reducing heating energy consumption.

6. The external protective structure with adaptive function according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Under high temperature conditions in summer, the thermochromic material layer (1) is highly reflective, and the thermal expansion and contraction material layer (2) expands, causing the light guide channel to close and the thermal resistance to increase, forming a "light-blocking and heat-insulating" mode, thereby reducing cooling energy consumption.

7. The self-adaptive external protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal resistance and thermal capacity of the exterior envelope structure are adaptively adjusted according to the external ambient temperature, without the need for external energy drive, thereby improving the building's energy efficiency throughout the year.

8. The self-adaptive external protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective structure is fixedly connected to the common enclosure structure body (5) via an integrated ultra-thin glass frame (4), and is suitable for building wall or roof scenes.

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