Hydrogen thermal power multi-energy collaborative and energy storage system and method based on renewable energy

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen-heat-electricity multi-energy collaborative and energy storage system and method based on renewable energy, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of renewable energy, and the system comprises a biological hydrogen production and storage module, an electricity storage and regulation module and a heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module; the biological hydrogen production and storage module is used for collecting and processing biomass; the electricity storage and regulation module is connected with the biological hydrogen production and storage module through a hydrogen fuel cell, and the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module is connected with the electricity storage and regulation module through a photovoltaic light and heat plate; the hydrogen fuel cell and the photovoltaic light and heat plate generate electricity and store electricity for building electricity load use; system water flows to the hydrogen fuel cell and the photovoltaic light and heat plate for heat exchange to form backwater, and flows into latent heat storage equipment for heat exchange to provide building heat load use. The application couples hydrogen, heat and electricity three energy forms, improves the use proportion of distributed building internal renewable energy, and realizes compatibility and mobilization between energy storage equipment of different energy storage forms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of renewable energy, and in particular to a hydrogen-thermal-electric multi-energy synergy and energy storage system and method based on renewable energy. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are a clean energy technology that directly generates electricity through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. As a primary application of hydrogen energy, hydrogen fuel cells have been widely used in transportation, distributed energy, emergency power, and other fields. Biohydrogen production, an emerging renewable hydrogen production method, harnesses microbial metabolic activity to generate hydrogen under mild conditions. It primarily utilizes renewable biomass resources such as plant residues, forestry waste, crop straw, and municipal organic waste. It offers significant advantages such as resource availability, environmental friendliness, and low energy consumption. The raw material sources for biohydrogen production highly overlap with agricultural waste, making the use of biohydrogen production and hydrogen fuel cells promising for distributed construction, such as rural buildings. In addition to releasing electricity, hydrogen fuel cells also generate significant heat and a large amount of water during operation. The recycling of hydrogen fuel cells and their products plays a crucial role in improving building energy efficiency.

[0003] However, the volatility and randomness of renewable energy sources such as hydrogen fuel cells are the main obstacles to their use inside buildings. There are problems such as waste of renewable energy inside buildings, low efficiency and poor stability.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the impact of renewable energy volatility and randomness on building energy consumption and realize the comprehensive storage and utilization of multiple energy sources inside buildings is of great significance to improving the level of renewable energy utilization in rural buildings and is an issue that needs to be urgently addressed.

[0005] Prior Art Document 1 (CN119657026A) provides a biomass hydrogen production device with a simple structure. It utilizes the oxygen-depleted exhaust gas generated by an air oxidation reactor to dry the biomass, fully utilizing waste heat. A pulverizing unit and a granulating unit are provided to pulverize and compress the biomass, preventing oxygen from entering the system, fully utilizing the biomass's reducing properties to reduce oxygen carriers. This also prevents nitrogen from entering the system, reducing gas separation costs, reducing heat loss, lowering energy consumption, and improving hydrogen purity. A hydrogen purification device is provided to purify and separate hydrogen and capture carbon dioxide. The air oxidation reactor can store heat and oxygen for the oxygen carrier, giving it simultaneous heat, oxygen, and catalytic functions. Water vapor is separated from the synthesis gas through a first heat exchanger and introduced into the reaction system for hydration, promoting the water-gas reaction, preventing the formation of tar and carbon deposits, and increasing hydrogen production. However, the document does not further investigate the use of biomass hydrogen production within buildings, nor does it mention the coupled operation of energy storage devices with multiple energy storage types. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen, heat, electricity multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention discloses a hydrogen, heat, and electricity multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy, comprising: a biohydrogen production and storage module, an electricity consumption and storage control module, and a heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module;

[0009] The biohydrogen production and storage module is used to collect and process biomass to obtain hydrogen;

[0010] The power consumption and storage control module includes a hydrogen fuel cell, which is connected to the bio-hydrogen production and storage module through the hydrogen fuel cell, and the hydrogen is used to generate electricity for the hydrogen fuel cell; the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module includes a photovoltaic thermal panel, which is connected to the power consumption and storage control module through the photovoltaic thermal panel, and the hydrogen fuel cell and the photovoltaic thermal panel are regulated to generate and store electricity for use by the building power load;

[0011] The heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module includes a latent heat storage device. The system supply water flows to the hydrogen fuel cell and the photovoltaic thermal panel for heat exchange to form return water, and the return water flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange to be used for the building heat load.

[0012] Preferably, the biomass hydrogen production and storage module includes: biomass hydrogen production equipment, gas separation and storage device, agricultural greenhouse, hydrogen compression equipment and hydrogen storage equipment;

[0013] The gas generated by the biomass hydrogen production equipment is separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide through a gas separation and storage device, and the carbon dioxide is input into an agricultural greenhouse for use in agricultural production; part of the hydrogen generated is stored in a hydrogen storage device through a hydrogen compression device, and the other part of the hydrogen is directly used in a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0014] Preferably, the power consumption and storage control module includes: a hydrogen fuel cell, a power storage device and an inverter;

[0015] When the photovoltaic thermal panels are generating electricity normally, a portion of it is directly stored in the energy storage device, and the other portion is supplied to the building's electricity load through the inverter; when the photovoltaic thermal panels are generating insufficient electricity, the hydrogen fuel cell operates to generate electricity for the building's electricity load.

[0016] Preferably, the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module further comprises: a photovoltaic thermal panel and a circulating water pump;

[0017] Driven by the circulating water pump, the system water supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell and photovoltaic thermal panels, among which the solar thermal water supply flows to the photovoltaic thermal panels, and the waste heat supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell. The low-temperature solar thermal water supply is heated by the photovoltaic thermal panels to form high-temperature solar thermal return water, and the low-temperature waste heat supply water absorbs the heat dissipated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell to form high-temperature waste heat return water. The solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are heat exchanged through the latent heat storage equipment to be used for the building heat load.

[0018] Preferably, the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module further comprises: an expansion water tank;

[0019] The system water supply is supplemented by an expansion water tank. The water inside the expansion water tank is provided by water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell and external water supply. When the water consumption of the system is greater than the water recovered by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, water is supplemented from the outside through the expansion water tank.

[0020] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell comprises: an air inlet, a power output port, a water supply inlet, a water supply outlet, a second heat exchange coil and a generated water outlet;

[0021] The oxygen required for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell enters through the air inlet, the electricity generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is output through the power output port, the heat generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered by the second heat exchange coil, the low-temperature water supply required for the operation of the second heat exchange coil enters through the water supply inlet, and the low-temperature water supply source of the water supply inlet is waste heat water supply, the high-temperature heat recovery return water of the operation of the second heat exchange coil flows out through the water supply outlet, the heat recovery return water at the water supply outlet flows to the latent heat storage device, and the water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell flows into the expansion water tank through the generated water outlet.

[0022] Preferably, the operating logic inside the latent heat storage device is related to the operating status of the photovoltaic thermal panels and the hydrogen fuel cell. When the photovoltaic thermal panels and the hydrogen fuel cell are in operation, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are high-temperature return water; when the photovoltaic thermal panels and the hydrogen fuel cell are in a stopped state, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are low-temperature return water. Different control logics are set inside the latent heat storage device according to the different return water temperatures and whether heat exchange with the latent heat storage device is required.

[0023] Preferably, the control logic of the latent heat storage device includes:

[0024] Control logic I: When both the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are mixed and flow into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange. The return water after heat exchange flows to the heat load.

[0025] Control logic II: When the solar thermal return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, and the waste heat return water does not need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the waste heat return water flows directly to the heat load, and the solar thermal return water flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange before flowing to the heat load;

[0026] Control logic III: When waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, and solar thermal return water does not need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the solar thermal return water flows directly to the heat load, while the waste heat return water flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange before flowing to the heat load;

[0027] Control logic IV: when neither the solar thermal return water nor the waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage equipment, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are mixed and flow directly to the heat load.

[0028] The second aspect of the present invention discloses a hydrogen-heat-electric multi-energy synergy and energy storage method based on renewable energy. Executing the hydrogen-heat-electric multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy includes the following steps:

[0029] Collect renewable biomass resources and put them into the bio-hydrogen production and storage module to obtain hydrogen and carbon dioxide;

[0030] The obtained hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen fuel cell of the power consumption, storage and control module. The hydrogen fuel cell and photovoltaic thermal panels operate to generate electricity to supply the building's electricity load;

[0031] The system's water supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell and photovoltaic thermal panel for heat exchange to form high-temperature return water. According to the return water temperature, user needs and the control logic of the latent heat storage device, it flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange to supply the building's heat load.

[0032] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell and the photovoltaic thermal panel operate to generate electricity. When the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic thermal panel generates insufficient electricity, the hydrogen fuel cell operates to generate electricity directly for use by the building's electricity load; when the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic thermal panel generates sufficient electricity, the photovoltaic thermal panel operates to generate electricity for a portion that is stored for standby use, and the other portion is used for use by the building's electricity load, and the hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity for storage and standby use.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0034] (1) The present invention provides a coupled use scheme of hydrogen, heat and electricity in distributed buildings through the use of hydrogen fuel cells and renewable energy. This scheme can increase the proportion of renewable energy used in distributed buildings, and reduce the waste of energy in buildings through the recovery of heat energy, thereby improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

[0035] (2) The present invention realizes the combined use of hydrogen storage equipment and electricity storage and heat storage equipment through hydrogen fuel cells, realizes the compatible transfer between energy storage equipment of different energy storage forms, provides a flexible control idea for different forms of energy storage equipment, and improves the utilization rate of energy storage equipment.

[0036] (3) The latent heat storage device used in the present invention can process hot water from two different sources simultaneously according to the temperature, thereby achieving a more stable supply of building heat load. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the multi-energy collaborative system in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy conversion and storage logic of the system in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the latent heat storage device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the method for judging the operation of the latent heat storage device in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of hydrogen fuel cell power supply and heat recovery in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 1: 1-Biological hydrogen production equipment, 2-Gas separation and storage device, 3-Agricultural greenhouse, 4-Hydrogen compression equipment, 5-Hydrogen storage equipment, 6-Hydrogen demand, 7-Hydrogen fuel cell, 8-Expansion tank, 9-Electricity storage equipment, 10-Inverter, 11-Electricity load, 12-Photovoltaic thermal panels, 13-Latent heat storage equipment, 14-Heat load, 15-Circulating water pump, 16-First solenoid three-way valve, 17-First switch, 18-Second switch, 19-Third switch, 20-Fourth switch, 21-Fifth switch, 22-Sixth switch. 1301-Second solenoid three-way valve, 1302-First heat exchange coil, 1303-First solenoid valve, 1304-Second solenoid valve, 1305-Third solenoid valve, 1306-Phase change material, 1307-Insulation casing, 1308-Photothermal return water, 1309-Waste heat return water. 701 - H2 inlet, 702 - air inlet, 703 - power output, 704 - water supply inlet, 705 - water supply outlet, 706 - second heat exchange coil, 707 - generated water outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described in this application are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the spirit of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, Example 1 of the present invention discloses a renewable energy-based hydrogen, heat, and electricity multi-energy synergy and energy storage system, comprising a bio-hydrogen production and storage module (a), a heat storage module (b) for heat recovery from hydrogen fuel cell operation and solar thermal integration, and a power storage and supply module (c) based on solar photovoltaics and hydrogen fuel cells. These three components are coupled to form a renewable energy integrated storage and supply system for hydrogen, heat, and electricity in rural buildings.

[0045] a: Module a included in the present invention is a biomass hydrogen production and storage module, which specifically includes biomass hydrogen production equipment 1, gas separation and storage device 2, agricultural greenhouse 3, hydrogen compression equipment 4, hydrogen storage equipment 5 and external hydrogen demand 6.

[0046] The basic operating logic of module a is as follows: the biomass generated by people in the building and agricultural production is collected and pre-processed before being put into the biomass hydrogen production equipment 1. The generated gas is separated and stored into two main products, H2 and CO2, through the gas separation and storage device 2. The generated CO2 is input into the agricultural greenhouse 3 for use in agricultural production. Part of the generated H2 is stored in the hydrogen storage device 5 through the hydrogen compression device 4, and the other part of the H2 is directly used by the hydrogen fuel cell 7. When the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production equipment 1 does not meet the use demand of the hydrogen fuel cell 7, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 5 can be directly used by the hydrogen fuel cell 7 stack. In addition, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 5 can also be used for external hydrogen demand 6, such as the use of hydrogen energy equipment such as hydrogen energy vehicles.

[0047] b: Module b included in the present invention is a power consumption and storage control module, which specifically includes a hydrogen fuel cell 7, a solar photovoltaic thermal panel 12, a power storage device 9, an inverter 10, a power load 11, and multiple switches.

[0048] The basic operating logic of module b is divided into two parts:

[0049] The basic operating logic of the solar photovoltaic thermal panel 12 is that when it generates electricity, a part of it can be directly stored in the energy storage device 9, and the other part is supplied to the building power load 11 through the inverter 10. According to the size of the building power load 11, the distribution ratio of these two parts of electricity can be adjusted between 0 and 1.

[0050] The basic operating logic of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 is that when the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell 7 operates to generate electricity for the building's electricity load 11 through the inverter 10. In addition, the hydrogen fuel cell 7 can directly generate electricity and store it in the power storage device 9.

[0051] Specifically, if Figure 5 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell 7 includes an H2 inlet 701, an air inlet 702, an electric power output 703, a water supply inlet 704, a water supply outlet 705, a second heat exchange coil 706, and a generated water outlet 707;

[0052] A portion of the H2 generated by the biomass hydrogen production equipment 1 is used in the hydrogen fuel cell 7 through the H2 inlet 701, and the oxygen required for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 enters through the air inlet 702. The electricity generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 is output to the power load 11 or the power storage device 9 through the power output port 703. The heat generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 is recovered by the second heat exchange coil 706. The low-temperature water supply required for the operation of the second heat exchange coil 706 enters through the water supply inlet 704. The low-temperature water supply source of the water supply inlet 704 is waste heat water supply. The high-temperature heat recovery return water of the operation of the second heat exchange coil 706 flows out through the water supply outlet 705. The heat recovery return water of the water supply outlet 705 flows to the latent heat storage device 13. The water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 flows into the expansion water tank 8 through the generated water outlet 707.

[0053] c: Module c included in the present invention is a heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module. This module includes a solar photovoltaic thermal panel 12, a latent heat storage device 13, a circulating water pump 15, an expansion tank 8, an electromagnetic three-way valve 16, and a building heat load 14.

[0054] The basic operating logic of module c is as follows: driven by the circulating water pump 15, the system water supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell 7 and the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 through the first electromagnetic three-way valve 16, among which the solar thermal water supply flows to the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 through the first electromagnetic three-way valve 16A, and the waste heat water supply flows to the heat exchange tube of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 through the first electromagnetic three-way valve 16C. The low-temperature solar thermal water supply is heated by the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 to form high-temperature solar thermal return water, and the low-temperature waste heat supply water absorbs the heat dissipated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 to form high-temperature waste heat return water. The solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are heat exchanged through the latent heat storage device 13 for use by the building heat load.

[0055] In addition, the circulating water of the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module is replenished by the expansion water tank 8. The water inside the expansion water tank 8 is provided by the water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 and the external water supply. When the water consumption of the heat recovery module is greater than the water recovered by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 7, water is replenished from the outside through the expansion water tank 8 to the heat circulation module.

[0056] Based on the above three modules of the system, the comprehensive energy application system of the present invention can also realize the conversion between different energy forms.

[0057] The operation of hydrogen fuel cell 7 enables the conversion of hydrogen energy from system module a into electrical energy from system module b and thermal energy from system module c. Furthermore, the hydrogen, electricity, and heat storage devices within the three components of the present invention can be transformed into electricity and heat storage via hydrogen fuel cells, effectively utilizing the energy storage capabilities of various energy storage devices. By regulating the energy forms and storage capacities of these energy storage devices, the present invention achieves flexible regulation of integrated energy use and storage, further developing renewable energy sources for distributed buildings and forming a comprehensive energy utilization system combining hydrogen, heat, and electricity.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy conversion and storage logic between the modules of the present invention is given:

[0059] The biomass hydrogen production equipment 1 shown generates hydrogen that can be used by the hydrogen fuel cell 7 and stored in the hydrogen storage device 5 at the same time; the hydrogen source of the hydrogen fuel cell 7 shown can be the hydrogen storage device 5 and the biomass hydrogen production equipment 1; the hydrogen source of the hydrogen storage device 5 shown is obtained from the biomass hydrogen production equipment 1; the source of the electricity load 11 shown is the hydrogen fuel cell 7, the electricity storage device 9 and the solar thermal and photovoltaic equipment; the energy source of the electricity storage device 9 shown is the hydrogen fuel cell 7 and the photovoltaic and photothermal equipment; the energy source of the heat load shown is the photovoltaic and photothermal equipment, the electricity storage device 9 and the latent heat storage device 13; the energy source of the latent heat storage device 13 shown is photovoltaic and hydrogen fuel cell 7; the load of the photovoltaic and photothermal equipment shown is the electricity load 11, the heat load 14, the latent heat storage device 13 and the electricity storage device 9; the photovoltaic and photothermal equipment is a photovoltaic and photothermal panel 12; the embodiments of the present invention are all based on the above energy conversion and storage logic.

[0060] The operating logic inside the latent heat storage device 13 is related to the operating status of the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 and the hydrogen fuel cell 7. When the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 and the hydrogen fuel cell 7 are in the running / stopping state, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water can be high-temperature waste heat / solar thermal return water and low-temperature waste heat / solar thermal return water. According to the different temperatures of the waste heat / solar thermal return water and whether heat exchange with the latent heat storage device is required, the latent heat storage device has several different control logics.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the latent heat storage device 13 mainly consists of a solar thermal return water inlet 1308, a waste heat return water inlet 1309, a second electromagnetic three-way valve 1301, a first heat exchange coil 1302, a phase change material 1306, a first electromagnetic valve 1303, a second electromagnetic valve 1304, a third electromagnetic valve 1305, and a heat-insulating housing 1307. Specifically, the first heat exchange coil 1302 and the phase change material 1306 are disposed within the heat-insulating housing 1307.

[0062] like Figure 4As shown, the present invention provides a method for judging between different return water temperatures and user needs and the control logic of the latent heat energy storage device:

[0063] Control logic I: When both solar thermal energy and waste heat return water need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the second solenoid valve 1304 and the first solenoid valve 1303 are closed, and the waste heat return water and solar thermal energy are respectively merged into the second solenoid three-way valve 1301C through the second solenoid three-way valve 1301A and 1301B to be mixed, and then flow into the first heat exchange coil 1302 to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, and then the return water flows to the heat load through the third solenoid valve 1305.

[0064] Control Logic II: When CSP return water 1308 needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, but waste heat return water 1309 does not, the second solenoid three-way valve 1301B is closed, and the waste heat return water flows through the first solenoid valve 1303 to the third solenoid valve 1305. Second solenoid three-way valves 1301A and 1301C are opened, and the second solenoid valve 1304 is closed. The CSP return water exchanges heat with the interior of the heat exchange device through the first heat exchange coil 1302, then mixes with the waste heat return water before the third solenoid valve 1305 and flows to the heat load.

[0065] Control logic III: When waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, but solar thermal return water does not, second solenoid three-way valve 1301A is closed, and the solar thermal return water flows through second solenoid valve 1304 to third solenoid valve 1305. Second solenoid three-way valves 1301B and 1301C are opened, and first solenoid valve 1303 is closed. Waste heat return water exchanges heat with the latent heat storage device through first heat exchange coil 1302, then mixes with waste heat return water before third solenoid valve 1305 and flows to the heat load.

[0066] Control Logic IV: Neither the solar thermal nor the waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device. At this point, the second solenoid valve 1304 and the first solenoid valve 1303 are open, and outlets A and B of the electromagnetic three-way valve are closed. The solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are mixed before the third solenoid valve 1305 and flow directly to the heat load.

[0067] Through the above control logic, the latent heat storage device that can simultaneously perform heat exchange between two hot water sources from different sources can achieve a more stable supply of building heat load.

[0068] Embodiment 2 of the present invention discloses a hydrogen-thermal-electricity multi-energy synergy and energy storage method based on renewable energy, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: collect renewable biomass resources and put them into the biohydrogen production and storage module a to obtain H2 and CO2;

[0070] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the CO2 is input into an agricultural greenhouse for use in agricultural production, a portion of the generated H2 is stored in a hydrogen storage device 5 via a hydrogen compression device 4, and the other portion of the H2 is used by a hydrogen fuel cell 7.

[0071] Step 2: The obtained H2 is transported to the hydrogen fuel cell 7 of the power consumption and storage control module b. The hydrogen fuel cell 7 and the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 operate to generate electricity for the control of the building power load 11;

[0072] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically comprises:

[0073] When the building has an electricity load and photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell 7 operates to generate electricity directly for the building's electricity load 11;

[0074] When the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic power generation is sufficient, the photovoltaic thermal panels 12 operate to generate electricity, a portion of which is stored in the electricity storage device 9, and the other portion is supplied to the building's electricity load 11 through the inverter 10.

[0075] In step 3, driven by the circulating water pump 15, the system supply water flows to the hydrogen fuel cell 7 and the photovoltaic thermal panel 12 for heat exchange respectively to form high-temperature return water. According to the return water temperature, user needs and the control logic of the latent heat storage device, it flows into the latent heat storage device 13 for heat exchange to supply the building heat load.

[0076] Example 3 of the present invention provides an implementation process of a hydrogen fuel cell supplying energy to an electricity storage device and a heat storage device:

[0077] Hydrogen from the hydrogen compression device 4 or hydrogen storage device 5 flows into the hydrogen fuel cell 7 through the H2 inlet 701. The hydrogen fuel cell 7 begins operation, generating electricity, operating heat, and water. During operation, the fifth switch 21, the sixth switch 22, and the third switch 19 are open, the fourth switch 20 is open, and the second switch 18 is closed. Electricity is transmitted from the power output terminal 703 to the energy storage device 9, which is then charged. When the hydrogen fuel cell 7 is in operation, the device generates a large amount of heat. At this time, the circulating water pump 15 is running, the first electromagnetic three-way valves 16B and 16C are open, and the low-temperature waste heat supply water flows from the water supply inlet 704 to the second heat exchange coil 706. After absorbing the heat dissipated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell, the high-temperature waste heat return water flows from the water supply outlet 705 to the waste heat return water inlet 1309 of the latent heat storage device 13. At this time, according to the latent heat storage device control logic III, the high-temperature waste heat return water flows through the second electromagnetic three-way valves 1301B and 1301C to the first heat exchange coil 1302. At this time, the low-temperature phase change material 1306 absorbs heat, completing the heat storage of the latent heat storage device.

[0078] The present invention provides a hydrogen, heat, and electricity multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy. It adopts the biomass hydrogen production method to improve the utilization efficiency of biomass, and fully utilizes the products of biomass hydrogen production through hydrogen fuel cells and agricultural greenhouses, reducing waste and pollution to the environment; through renewable energy utilization equipment such as hydrogen fuel cells and photovoltaic and thermal equipment, it realizes the effective supply of electricity and heat energy inside the building, and improves the proportion of renewable energy utilization inside the building; at the same time, it adopts a latent heat energy storage device suitable for dual-channel dual-temperature hot water heat storage and heat release, which improves the stability of the building's heat load supply; provides a coupling logic suitable for hydrogen storage, electricity storage and heat storage equipment, realizes energy conversion between different energy storage equipment inside the building, improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency and synergy level of energy inside the building, and is conducive to the joint use and promotion of different forms of energy storage equipment.

[0079] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least:

[0080] (1) The present invention provides a coupled use scheme of hydrogen, heat and electricity in distributed buildings through the use of hydrogen fuel cells and renewable energy. This scheme can increase the proportion of renewable energy used in distributed buildings, and reduce the waste of energy in buildings through the recovery of heat energy, thereby improving the energy efficiency of buildings.

[0081] (2) The present invention realizes the combined use of hydrogen storage equipment and electricity storage and heat storage equipment through hydrogen fuel cells, realizes the compatible transfer between energy storage equipment of different energy storage forms, provides a flexible control idea for different forms of energy storage equipment, and improves the utilization rate of energy storage equipment.

[0082] (3) The latent heat storage device used in the present invention can process hot water from two different sources simultaneously according to the temperature, thereby achieving a more stable supply of building heat load.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy, characterized by: include: Bio-hydrogen production and storage module, electricity consumption and storage control module, and heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module; The biohydrogen production and storage module is used to collect and process biomass to obtain hydrogen; The biological hydrogen production and storage module comprises: biomass hydrogen production equipment (1), a gas separation and storage device (2), an agricultural greenhouse (3), a hydrogen compression device (4) and a hydrogen storage device (5); The gas generated by the biomass hydrogen production equipment (1) is separated into hydrogen and carbon dioxide via a gas separation and storage device (2), and the carbon dioxide is input into an agricultural greenhouse (3) for use in agricultural production; a portion of the generated hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage device (5) via a hydrogen compression device (4), and the other portion of the hydrogen is directly used by a hydrogen fuel cell (7); The power consumption and storage control module includes a hydrogen fuel cell (7), which is connected to the bio-hydrogen production and storage module via the hydrogen fuel cell (7), and the hydrogen is used to generate electricity for the hydrogen fuel cell (7); the heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module includes a photovoltaic thermal panel (12), which is connected to the power consumption and storage control module via the photovoltaic thermal panel (12), and the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) are regulated to generate electricity and store electricity for use by the building power load (11); The heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module includes a latent heat storage device (13), the system supply water flows to the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) for heat exchange to form return water, and the return water flows into the latent heat storage device (13) for heat exchange to be used for building heat load; The operating logic inside the latent heat storage device (13) is related to the operating state of the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) and the hydrogen fuel cell (7). When the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) and the hydrogen fuel cell (7) are in the operating state, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are high-temperature return water; when the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) and the hydrogen fuel cell (7) are in the stopped operating state, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are low-temperature return water. Different control logics are set inside the latent heat storage device according to the different temperatures of the return water and whether heat exchange with the latent heat storage device is required. The control logic of the latent heat storage device (13) includes: Control logic I: When both the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are mixed and flow into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange. The return water after heat exchange flows to the heat load. Control logic II: When the solar thermal return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, and the waste heat return water does not need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the waste heat return water flows directly to the heat load, and the solar thermal return water flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange before flowing to the heat load; Control logic III: When waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, and solar thermal return water does not need to exchange heat with the latent heat storage device, the solar thermal return water flows directly to the heat load, while the waste heat return water flows into the latent heat storage device for heat exchange before flowing to the heat load; Control logic IV: when neither the solar thermal return water nor the waste heat return water needs to exchange heat with the latent heat storage equipment, the solar thermal return water and the waste heat return water are mixed and flow directly to the heat load.

2. The hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power consumption and storage control module includes: a hydrogen fuel cell (7), a power storage device (9) and an inverter (10); When the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) generates electricity normally, a portion of the electricity is directly stored in the electricity storage device (9), and the other portion is supplied to the building power load (11) through the inverter (10); when the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) generates insufficient electricity, the hydrogen fuel cell (7) operates to generate electricity for the building power load (11).

3. The hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module further includes: a photovoltaic thermal panel (12) and a circulating water pump (15); Driven by the circulating water pump (15), the system water supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12), wherein the photothermal water supply flows to the photovoltaic thermal panel (12), and the waste heat water supply flows to the hydrogen fuel cell (7). The low-temperature photothermal water supply is heated by the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) to form high-temperature photothermal return water, and the low-temperature waste heat supply water absorbs the heat dissipated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) to form high-temperature waste heat return water. The photothermal return water and the waste heat return water are heat-exchanged through the latent heat storage device (13) to be used for the building heat load.

4. The hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat recovery and comprehensive utilization module further comprises: an expansion water tank (8); The system water supply is supplemented by an expansion water tank (8). The water inside the expansion water tank (8) is provided by water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and external water supply. When the water consumption of the system is greater than the water recovered by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7), water is supplemented from the outside through the expansion water tank (8).

5. The hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell (7) includes: an air inlet (702), an electric power output port (703), a water supply inlet (704), a water supply outlet (705), a second heat exchange coil (706), and a generated water outlet (707); Oxygen required for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) enters through the air inlet (702), electricity generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) is output through the power output port (703), heat generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) is recovered by the second heat exchange coil (706), low-temperature water required for the operation of the second heat exchange coil (706) enters through the water supply inlet (704), and the low-temperature water supply source of the water supply inlet (704) is waste heat water supply. High-temperature heat recovery return water from the operation of the second heat exchange coil (706) flows out through the water supply outlet (705), and the heat recovery return water of the water supply outlet (705) flows to the latent heat storage device (13), and water generated by the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell (7) flows into the expansion water tank (8) through the generated water outlet (707).

6. A method for hydrogen-heat-electric multi-energy synergy and energy storage based on renewable energy, performing the functions of the hydrogen-heat-electric multi-energy synergy and energy storage system based on renewable energy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect renewable biomass resources and put them into the bio-hydrogen production and storage module to obtain hydrogen and carbon dioxide; The obtained hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen fuel cell (7) of the power consumption, storage and control module, and the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) operate to generate electricity for use by the building power load (11); The system supply water flows to the hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) for heat exchange to form high-temperature return water. According to the return water temperature, user needs and the control logic of the latent heat storage device, it flows into the latent heat storage device (13) for heat exchange to supply the building heat load.

7. The hydrogen, heat, and power multi-energy synergy and energy storage method based on renewable energy according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell (7) and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) operate to generate electricity. When the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) generates insufficient electricity, the hydrogen fuel cell (7) operates to generate electricity and directly supplies the building's electricity load (11). When the building has an electricity load and the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) generates sufficient electricity, the photovoltaic thermal panel (12) operates to generate electricity and stores a portion of the electricity for standby use, while the other portion is supplied to the building's electricity load (11). The hydrogen fuel cell (7) generates electricity and stores the electricity for standby use.

Images