Quantum random number generation device and system

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum random number generation device and system, and relates to the technical field of random number generation, and the device comprises a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module and a counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module are all connected with the power supply module. The power supply module provides reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module generates a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage. The comparison module compares the first voltage signal with a reference voltage and outputs a comparison signal. The counting module counts the level state of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number. According to the quantum random number generation device provided by the invention, the cost is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring that the generated random number has true randomness and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of random number generation technology, and more specifically, to a quantum random number generation device and system. Background Art

[0002] Random numbers have important applications in a wide range of fields, including cryptography, simulation, testing, address generation, and gaming. Most current random number generators are pseudorandom number generators, which essentially generate a deterministic, periodic sequence of numbers using a specific algorithm. However, these mathematically based pseudorandom numbers are not truly random and can lead to deviations in random simulations and calculations. Furthermore, in the field of information security, using pseudorandom numbers as a key generation source poses potential security risks.

[0003] Quantum phenomena are considered ideal sources of randomness, and this has been confirmed by physical theory. However, existing random number generators based on quantum effects are mainly implemented in optical systems, requiring the use of precision components. This leads to complex structures, large space requirements, and high costs.

[0004] In summary, how to reduce the manufacturing cost of a random number generator while ensuring that the generated random numbers are truly random and reliable is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum random number generation device and system to reduce the manufacturing cost of the random number generator while ensuring that the generated random numbers are truly random and reliable. To achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows: In one aspect, the present application provides a quantum random number generation device, comprising: a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module; the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are all connected to the power supply module; The power supply module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module; The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage; The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal; The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number.

[0006] Furthermore, the quantum tunneling diode module includes a first quantum tunneling diode component, a second quantum tunneling diode component and an operational amplifier; The first quantum tunneling diode component is connected to the power module and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, the second quantum tunneling diode component is connected to the power module and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module; The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive a second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage; The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive a third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage; The operational amplifier is used to perform a differential comparison on the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

[0007] Furthermore, the first quantum tunneling diode component includes a first Zener diode and a first resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode component includes a second Zener diode and a second resistor; The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to one end of the first resistor and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power module; The cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to one end of the second resistor and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power module; The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor; The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor; The reference voltage ≥ the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode = the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode.

[0008] Furthermore, the first quantum tunneling diode component further includes a third resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode component further includes a fourth resistor; One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode; One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive output end of the power module, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode.

[0009] Furthermore, the comparison module includes a comparator and a fifth resistor; One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the quantum tunneling diode module and the first input end of the comparator respectively, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive output end of the power supply module and the second input end of the comparator respectively, and the output end of the comparator is connected to the input end of the counting module; The first input terminal of the comparator is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is used to output the comparison signal to the counting module; When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level comparison signal; When the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level comparison signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the counting module includes a first trigger and a second trigger; The first trigger and the second trigger are both connected to the power supply module, and the clock input terminal of the first trigger is connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the data output terminal of the first trigger is connected to the data input terminal of the second trigger; The first flip-flop is used to count the high levels in the comparison signal and output a counting signal to the second flip-flop; wherein the counting signal is used to represent the parity of the current number of high levels; if the current number of high levels is odd, the counting signal is 1; if the current number of high levels is even, the counting signal is 0; The second trigger is used to buffer and lock the output of the first trigger to output the quantum random number.

[0011] Furthermore, the quantum random number generation device further includes a data acquisition module; The enable terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the clock input terminal of the second flip-flop, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the data output terminal of the second flip-flop; The data acquisition module is used to periodically read the output of the second trigger to obtain a random number sequence.

[0012] Furthermore, the first trigger is a JK trigger, and the second trigger is a D trigger.

[0013] Furthermore, the quantum random number generating device further includes a switch; The input end of the power supply module is connected to the external power supply system through the switch, and the output end of the power supply module is connected to the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module respectively; When the switch is closed, the power supply module is used to convert the external power supply voltage into the reference voltage to power the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module, and the counting module outputs the quantum random number.

[0014] On the other hand, the present application also provides a quantum random number generation system, which includes the quantum random number generation device as described in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: The present application provides a quantum random number generation device and system, which includes: a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are all connected to the power supply module. The power supply module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage. The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal. The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number.

[0016] This application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of semiconductor diodes to construct a quantum random number generator, ensuring that the quantum random numbers generated by the device are truly random and reliable. Furthermore, compared to existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generator provided by this application does not require complex optical systems and precision components, but only uses common electrical components, offering advantages such as a simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for which protection is claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Figure 1 This is one of the structural block diagrams of a quantum random number generation device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a second structural block diagram of a quantum random number generation device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a quantum tunneling diode module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a comparison module provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a counting module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Icons: 10-quantum random number generator; 100-power module; 200-quantum tunneling diode module; 210-first quantum tunneling diode assembly; 220-second quantum tunneling diode assembly; 300-comparison module; 400-counting module; 410-first trigger; 420-second trigger; 500-data acquisition module; K-switch; R1-first resistor; R2-second resistor; R3-third resistor; R4-fourth resistor; R5-fifth resistor; D1-first Zener diode; D2-second Zener diode; U1-operational amplifier; U2-comparator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are used solely to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. The term "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can mean fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The following describes some embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and features thereof may be combined with each other unless there is any conflict.

[0022] As mentioned in the background, most existing random number generators are pseudo-random and incapable of generating truly random numbers. Current random number generators based on quantum optics suffer from complex structures, large footprints, and high costs. Therefore, reducing the manufacturing cost of random number generators while ensuring the generated random numbers are truly random and reliable is a pressing technical challenge for those skilled in the art.

[0023] To solve the above technical problems, please refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum random number generation device 10, including: a power supply module 100, a quantum tunneling diode module 200, a comparison module 300 and a counting module 400.

[0024] The quantum tunneling diode module 200 , the comparison module 300 and the counting module 400 are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module 200 , the comparison module 300 and the counting module 400 are also connected to the power module 100 .

[0025] The power supply module 100 is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module 200 , the comparison module 300 and the counting module 400 .

[0026] The quantum tunneling diode module 200 is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of a reference voltage.

[0027] The comparison module 300 is configured to compare the first voltage signal with a reference voltage and output a comparison signal.

[0028] The counting module 400 is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number.

[0029] It should be noted that the quantum tunneling effect is a typical quantum random phenomenon. Electrons pass through potential barriers prohibited by classical theory in a probabilistic manner. The randomness of their tunneling behavior is determined by the nature of quantum mechanics and is unpredictable. The present application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of semiconductor diodes to construct a quantum random number generator 10, which can ensure that the quantum random numbers generated by the device are truly random and reliable. In addition, compared to existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generator 10 provided in the present application does not require a complex optical path system and precision components, but only requires the use of common electrical components, with the advantages of simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost.

[0030] Furthermore, in order to reduce the power consumption of the quantum random number generator 10, please refer to Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present application, the quantum random number generation device 10 further includes a switch K.

[0031] Among them, the input ends (i.e., IN+ and IN-) of the power module 100 are connected to the external power supply system through the switch K, and the output ends (i.e., OUT+ and OUT-) of the power module 100 are connected to the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparison module 300 and the counting module 400 respectively.

[0032] When a quantum random number needs to be generated, switch K is closed, and the power module 100 converts the external supply voltage into a reference voltage to power the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the comparison module 300, and the counting module 400. For example, if the external supply voltage is 5V and all components within the device are powered by 3.3V, the power module 100 will step down the 5.5V voltage to 3.3V after switch K is closed. At this point, the quantum random number generation device 10 is in the powered-on state, and the counting module 400 outputs the quantum random number.

[0033] When there is no need to generate quantum random numbers, the switch K is disconnected, and the quantum random number generating device 10 is in a power-off dormant state, completely cutting off the power supply to avoid unnecessary energy loss.

[0034] Based on the above design, the present application uses switch K to control the power on and off of the quantum random number generator 10, achieving fast switching and low-latency initialization. This on-demand power supply mechanism significantly reduces overall power consumption, while also reducing circuit heating and device aging, extending device life, and further reducing the long-term cost of the quantum random number generator 10.

[0035] In addition, it was found in actual application that the reference voltage provided by the power supply module 100 will change with time, temperature and other environmental factors, that is, the actual reference voltage is unstable and may fluctuate within a certain range, thereby affecting the quality of the comparison signal output by the comparison module 300, resulting in a reduction in the reliability of the quantum random number finally output.

[0036] In view of this, in order to reduce the impact of environmental factors and further improve the reliability of the output quantum random number, in an optional embodiment, the quantum tunneling diode module 200 includes: a voltage generation module and a differential amplifier module. The first input and second input of the voltage generation module are both connected to the power module 100, the first output of the voltage generation module is connected to the first input of the differential amplifier module, the second output of the voltage generation module is connected to the second input of the differential amplifier module, and the output of the differential amplifier module is connected to the input of the comparison module 300.

[0037] The power supply module 100 is used to provide a reference voltage to a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the voltage generation module.

[0038] The first input terminal of the differential amplifier module is used to receive a second voltage signal generated by the first output terminal of the voltage generation module under the action of the reference voltage.

[0039] The second input terminal of the differential amplifier module is used to receive a third voltage signal generated by the second output terminal of the voltage generation module under the action of the reference voltage.

[0040] The differential amplification module is used to perform differential comparison on the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output a first voltage signal.

[0041] Thus, under the action of the reference voltage, the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the voltage generation module respectively generate a random second voltage signal and a third voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect. The differential amplification module performs differential comparison and amplification on the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and ultimately outputs a random first voltage signal. Because the first voltage signal is obtained by differentially amplifying two independent voltage signals (i.e., the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal), when the comparison module 300 compares the reference voltage and the first voltage signal, the change in the reference voltage will act on the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the comparison module 300 at the same time, and the signal impact at the two input terminals of the comparison module 300 is consistent, which can reduce the impact caused by the environment and ensure that the quantum random number output is highly environmentally adaptable.

[0042] In another alternative embodiment, see Figure 3 The quantum tunneling diode module 200 includes: a first quantum tunneling diode component 210, a second quantum tunneling diode component 220 and an operational amplifier U1.

[0043] The first quantum tunneling diode component 210 is connected to the power module 100 and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, respectively. The second quantum tunneling diode component 220 is connected to the power module 100 and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, respectively. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module 300. Optionally, the operational amplifier U1 can be a differential operational amplifier U1.

[0044] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component 210 under the action of the reference voltage.

[0045] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive a third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode component 220 under the action of the reference voltage.

[0046] The operational amplifier U1 is used to perform a differential comparison on the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output a first voltage signal.

[0047] Based on the above design, the present application obtains two independent voltage signals by providing a first quantum tunneling diode component 210 and a second quantum tunneling diode component 220, and differentially compares and amplifies the second and third voltage signals through an operational amplifier U1, ultimately outputting the first voltage signal. This minimizes contamination of the voltage signal by other signals, reducing the complexity of the circuit design. Furthermore, when the comparison module 300 compares the reference voltage with the first voltage signal, changes in the reference voltage simultaneously act on the first and second input terminals of the comparison module 300, uniformly affecting the signals at the two input terminals of the comparison module 300. This significantly reduces interference from radio frequency energy and power supply ripple, mitigates environmental impact, and ensures that the quantum random number output is highly environmentally adaptable.

[0048] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the first quantum tunneling diode component 210 includes a first Zener diode D1 and a first resistor R1, and the second quantum tunneling diode component 220 includes a second Zener diode D2 and a second resistor R2.

[0049] Among them, the cathode of the first Zener diode D1 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100, the anode of the first Zener diode D1 is respectively connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the negative output terminal OUT- of the power module 100.

[0050] The cathode of the second Zener diode D2 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100, the anode of the second Zener diode D2 is respectively connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the negative output terminal OUT- of the power module 100.

[0051] The first input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive a second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode D1 under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor R1.

[0052] The second input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is used to receive a third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode D2 under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor R2.

[0053] The reference voltage ≥ the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode D1 = the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode D2 .

[0054] As can be seen, when switch K is closed, the power module 100 applies a reference voltage to the reverse-biased first Zener diode D1 and second Zener diode D2, respectively. Since the reference voltage ≥ the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode D1 = the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode D2, both the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2 are in a Zener breakdown state. In this state, due to the quantum tunneling effect, the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2 will generate a first tunneling current and a second tunneling current, respectively. (Since the quantum tunneling process is random, the currents generated by them are also random.) The first tunneling current generated by the first Zener diode D1 is converted into a random second voltage signal through the first resistor R1, and the second tunneling current generated by the second Zener diode D2 is converted into a random third voltage signal through the second resistor R2. Finally, the operational amplifier U1 performs a differential comparison on the two independent second and third voltage signals and amplifies the comparison result, outputting the difference between the two voltage signals, namely the first voltage signal.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to prevent thermal breakdown of the first Zener diode D1 and the second Zener diode D2 , in the embodiment of the present application, the first quantum tunneling diode component 210 further includes a third resistor R3 , and the second quantum tunneling diode component 220 further includes a fourth resistor R4 .

[0056] One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100 , and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode D1 .

[0057] One end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive output terminal OUT+ of the power module 100 , and the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode D2 .

[0058] Further, see Figure 4 As an optional implementation, the comparison module 300 includes a comparator U2 and a fifth resistor R5.

[0059] Among them, one end of the fifth resistor R5 is respectively connected to the output end of the quantum tunneling diode module 200 and the first input end of the comparator U2, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is respectively connected to the positive output end OUT+ of the power module 100 and the second input end (i.e., the reference end) of the comparator U2, and the output end of the comparator U2 is connected to the input end of the counting module 400.

[0060] The first input terminal of the comparator U2 is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module 200, the second input terminal of the comparator U2 is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator U2 is used to output a comparison signal to the counting module 400. The comparison signal is a square wave signal.

[0061] When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator U2 outputs a high-level comparison signal; when the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator U2 outputs a low-level comparison signal.

[0062] It can be understood that the present application compares the first voltage signal with the reference voltage through the comparator U2 and outputs a comparison signal to the counting module 400. If the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, a high level is output, otherwise a low level is output.

[0063] In an alternative embodiment, see Figure 5 , the counting module 400 includes a first trigger 410 and a second trigger 420 .

[0064] Among them, the first trigger 410 and the second trigger 420 are both connected to the power module 100, and the clock input terminal CP of the first trigger 410 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator U2, and the data output terminal Q of the first trigger 410 is connected to the data input terminal D of the second trigger 420.

[0065] The first flip-flop 410 is configured to count the number of high levels in the comparison signal and output a count signal to the second flip-flop 420. The count signal indicates the parity of the current number of high levels. For example, if the current number of high levels is odd, the count signal is 1 (i.e., a high level); conversely, if the current number of high levels is even, the count signal is 0 (i.e., a low level).

[0066] The second flip-flop 420 is used to buffer and lock the output of the first flip-flop 410 to output a quantum random number.

[0067] It should be noted that there are many types of the first trigger 410 and the second trigger 420. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific types of the first trigger 410 and the second trigger 420. It is sufficient to ensure that the first trigger 410 can count the high levels in the comparison signal and output a counting signal representing the parity of the current number of high levels to the second trigger 420, and that the second trigger 420 can buffer and lock the output of the first trigger 410.

[0068] Exemplarily, the first trigger 410 may be a JK trigger, a T trigger, a D trigger, or a counter chip. The second trigger 420 may be a D trigger, a register, a latch, or a buffer chip. Preferably, the first trigger 410 is a JK trigger, and the second trigger 420 is a D trigger.

[0069] In another optional embodiment, the quantum random number generation device 10 further includes a data acquisition module 500. The enable terminal of the data acquisition module 500 is connected to the clock input terminal CP of the second flip-flop 420, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module 500 is connected to the data output terminal Q of the second flip-flop 420.

[0070] The data acquisition module 500 is used to periodically read the output of the second flip-flop 420 to obtain a random number sequence.

[0071] It can be understood that the data acquisition module 500 sends an instruction to the clock input terminal CP of the second flip-flop 420 as required to periodically collect the output of the second flip-flop 420, thereby obtaining a random number sequence of a specified length.

[0072] Optionally, the data acquisition module 500 may be a host computer, a single chip microcomputer, a programmable logic controller or a microprocessor.

[0073] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a quantum random number generation system, which includes the quantum random number generation device 10 described in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0074] In summary, embodiments of the present application provide a quantum random number generation device and system, comprising: a power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and are all connected to the power supply module. The power supply module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module. The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage. The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal. The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number. This application utilizes the quantum tunneling effect of a semiconductor diode to construct a quantum random number generation device, ensuring that the quantum random numbers generated by the device are truly random and reliable. Furthermore, compared to existing quantum optical random number generators, the quantum random number generation device provided in this application does not require a complex optical system and precision components, but only requires common electrical components, offering advantages such as a simple structure, small footprint, and low manufacturing cost.

[0075] In addition, the present application controls the power on and off of the quantum random number generator through a switch, achieving fast switching and low-latency initialization. This on-demand power supply mechanism significantly reduces overall power consumption, while reducing circuit heating and device aging, increasing device service life, and further reducing the long-term use cost of the quantum random number generator. By setting two quantum tunneling diode components to generate a second voltage signal and a third voltage signal respectively, and using an operational amplifier to perform a differential comparison of the two voltage signals and amplify the comparison result to obtain a first voltage signal, the interference of radio frequency energy and power supply ripple is greatly reduced, and the generated entropy source data sample has a high entropy value and strong environmental adaptability.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generator, characterized in that: include: A power supply module, a quantum tunneling diode module, a comparison module, and a counting module; the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are connected in sequence, and the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module, and the counting module are all connected to the power supply module; The power supply module is used to provide a reference voltage for the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module; The quantum tunneling diode module is used to generate a random first voltage signal based on the quantum tunneling effect under the action of the reference voltage; The comparison module is used to compare the first voltage signal with the reference voltage and output a comparison signal; The counting module is used to count the level states of the comparison signal to generate a quantum random number.

2. The quantum random number generator according to claim 1, wherein The quantum tunneling diode module includes a first quantum tunneling diode component, a second quantum tunneling diode component and an operational amplifier; The first quantum tunneling diode component is connected to the power module and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, the second quantum tunneling diode component is connected to the power module and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the comparison module; The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive a second voltage signal generated by the first quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage; The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive a third voltage signal generated by the second quantum tunneling diode component under the action of the reference voltage; The operational amplifier is used to perform a differential comparison on the second voltage signal and the third voltage signal, and amplify the comparison result to output the first voltage signal.

3. The quantum random number generator according to claim 2, characterized in that The first quantum tunneling diode component includes a first Zener diode and a first resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode component includes a second Zener diode and a second resistor; The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to one end of the first resistor and the first input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power module; The cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to one end of the second resistor and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier respectively, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the negative output terminal of the power module; The first input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the second voltage signal generated by the first Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the first resistor; The second input terminal of the operational amplifier is used to receive the third voltage signal generated by the second Zener diode under the action of the reference voltage and the second resistor; The reference voltage ≥ the Zener breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode = the Zener breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode.

4. The quantum random number generator according to claim 3, characterized in that The first quantum tunneling diode component further includes a third resistor, and the second quantum tunneling diode component further includes a fourth resistor; One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive output terminal of the power module, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode; One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive output end of the power module, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode.

5. The quantum random number generator according to claim 1, wherein The comparison module includes a comparator and a fifth resistor; One end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output end of the quantum tunneling diode module and the first input end of the comparator respectively, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive output end of the power supply module and the second input end of the comparator respectively, and the output end of the comparator is connected to the input end of the counting module; The first input terminal of the comparator is used to receive the first voltage signal output by the quantum tunneling diode module, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the reference voltage, and the output terminal of the comparator is used to output the comparison signal to the counting module; When the first voltage signal is greater than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high-level comparison signal; When the first voltage signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low-level comparison signal.

6. The quantum random number generator according to claim 5, characterized in that The counting module includes a first trigger and a second trigger; The first trigger and the second trigger are both connected to the power supply module, and the clock input terminal of the first trigger is connected to the output terminal of the comparator, and the data output terminal of the first trigger is connected to the data input terminal of the second trigger; The first flip-flop is used to count the high levels in the comparison signal and output a counting signal to the second flip-flop; wherein the counting signal is used to represent the parity of the current number of high levels; if the current number of high levels is odd, the counting signal is 1; if the current number of high levels is even, the counting signal is 0; The second trigger is used to buffer and lock the output of the first trigger to output the quantum random number.

7. The quantum random number generator according to claim 6, characterized in that The quantum random number generation device further includes a data acquisition module; The enable terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the clock input terminal of the second flip-flop, and the data input terminal of the data acquisition module is connected to the data output terminal of the second flip-flop; The data acquisition module is used to periodically read the output of the second trigger to obtain a random number sequence.

8. The quantum random number generator according to claim 6, characterized in that The first flip-flop is a JK flip-flop, and the second flip-flop is a D flip-flop.

9. The quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that The quantum random number generating device further includes a switch; The input end of the power supply module is connected to the external power supply system through the switch, and the output end of the power supply module is connected to the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module respectively; When the switch is closed, the power supply module is used to convert the external power supply voltage into the reference voltage to power the quantum tunneling diode module, the comparison module and the counting module, and the counting module outputs the quantum random number.

10. A quantum random number generation system, characterized in that: The quantum random number generation system includes the quantum random number generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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