Intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method, relating to the field of carbon asset management. It includes a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module, and an accounting module. The data acquisition and processing module performs data acquisition and processing operations. The storage module decodes the data, selects a hash function, hashes the data to generate hash values, and constructs a blockchain. The accounting module performs accounting on the data, generating carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements. The carbon asset management module dynamically updates carbon asset optimization schemes based on the stored data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements. This invention solves the problem of opaque carbon footprint tracking by storing data on a blockchain. The accounting module enables carbon footprint and carbon accounting calculations, simplifying the process and improving data credibility. The carbon asset management module achieves intelligent carbon asset management and provides corresponding optimization schemes, improving management efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon asset management technology, and in particular to an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of achieving carbon neutrality, enterprises and products need to accurately track and manage their carbon footprint and strengthen carbon asset management through carbon accounting. However, existing technologies have the following problems:

[0003] (1) Lack of transparency in carbon footprint tracking: Traditional methods make it difficult to achieve full life-cycle carbon footprint tracking from raw material procurement to end consumption.

[0004] (2) Low efficiency of carbon asset management: Due to the lack of effective information technology tools, carbon asset management is difficult to automate and become intelligent.

[0005] (3) Carbon accounting is complex: Carbon accounting involves multiple stages, data sources are scattered, and the accounting process is complex and prone to errors.

[0006] (4) Low data credibility: Carbon footprint data is easily tampered with.

[0007] Blockchain technology, with its immutability, decentralization, and traceability, can effectively address the aforementioned issues. However, there is currently no mature system or method to integrate blockchain technology with carbon footprint tracking, carbon asset management, and carbon accounting to form a complete solution.

[0008] Therefore, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method are provided to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned challenges, this invention provides an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method. By collecting and processing data, the system stores the processed data on a blockchain, thereby resolving the issue of opaque carbon footprint tracking. Based on the data on the blockchain, a calculation module performs carbon footprint accounting and carbon accounting, simplifying the process and improving data reliability. Furthermore, a carbon asset management module enables automated and intelligent carbon asset management and provides corresponding optimization solutions, thereby improving management efficiency.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, including a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module, and an accounting module;

[0011] The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module.

[0012] The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, checking the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0013] The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements.

[0014] The accounting module includes a carbon footprint accounting unit and a carbon accounting unit, and the accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method, and the measurement method.

[0015] The carbon footprint accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit define the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions. The carbon footprint accounting unit uses accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain. The accounting results are verified by internal audit and external expert review. A carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint emission report includes the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0016] The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit are used to select carbon accounting standards and apply accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain to generate carbon accounting statements. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions.

[0017] The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

[0018] Priority is given to the storage module, which includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit;

[0019] The data processing unit will decode the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, restoring it to a parsable plaintext data format. The decoded carbon emission data will be verified through integrity check, consistency check, and conflict arbitration. After the verification is successful, the SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash function will be selected to perform a hash operation on the verified carbon emission data to generate a hash value.

[0020] The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit. The blockchain is constructed using distributed ledger technology. The blockchain uses blocks as the basic unit. A block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

[0021] Prior to this, the carbon footprint accounting unit's working process includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission range determined by the operational control method; determining the accounting method in conjunction with industry standards; using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic; quantifying and calculating carbon emission data stored on the blockchain; verifying the calculation results through a dual review mechanism, including internal review and external expert review; generating a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; storing the structured data on the blockchain using blockchain technology; and including the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0022] Prior to this, the carbon accounting unit's working process includes: calculating carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit using the emission factor method or mass balance method; during the calculation process, calling the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain for calculation; generating carbon accounting statements using a triple ledger method; and storing structured data on the blockchain through blockchain technology. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading.

[0023] Firstly, the hash function SHA-256 is represented as:

[0024] H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S));

[0025] Where: D is the carbon emission data, including timestamps and carbon emission amounts; H is the output 256-bit hash value; Norm() is the data normalization function; TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function; and S is a random string.

[0026] Prioritized, total carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0027] TCE = ∑DCE + ∑ICE + ∑SCE;

[0028] Where TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions.

[0029] Direct carbon emissions are expressed as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, c iFor the measurement of direct carbon emissions, a i b is a correction factor for the process type. i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

[0032] Prioritized, carbon assets are represented as:

[0033] CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA;

[0034] Among them, CA carbon assets, ICA is the initial carbon allowance, CE is the carbon emission reduction, PCA is the purchased carbon allowance, and SCA is the sold carbon allowance;

[0035] Carbon liabilities are represented as:

[0036] CL = TCE - CA;

[0037] Among them, CL represents carbon liabilities;

[0038] Carbon trading is represented as:

[0039] CTN = PCA - SCA;

[0040] CTN represents net carbon trading, PCA represents purchased carbon allowances, and SCA represents sold carbon allowances.

[0041] Prior to this, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system also includes: a blockchain authentication module;

[0042] The blockchain authentication module is connected to the storage and accounting modules to verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0043] Prior to this, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system also includes: an interaction module;

[0044] The interactive module connects with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results, and authentication information.

[0045] A smart carbon asset management and accounting method includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification.

[0047] S2: Decode the preprocessed carbon emission data and use the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, select a hash function to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0048] S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module to generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting statements;

[0049] S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results using internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures;

[0050] S32: Select carbon accounting standards, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate carbon accounting statements; carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading;

[0051] S4: Dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans using data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements;

[0052] S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0053] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, which has the following beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system can be summarized as follows:

[0054] (1) This invention realizes real-time collection of carbon emission data through IoT sensors, and combines smart contract automatic verification and accounting to greatly reduce manual intervention, improve data timeliness, and avoid the lag and error of traditional manual reporting.

[0055] (2) The application of blockchain technology (hash chain, distributed ledger) in this invention ensures that the data is immutable and that all operations (collection, verification, accounting) are traceable and auditable, meeting the transparency requirements of regulatory audits.

[0056] (3) The present invention provides accurate and compliant accounting, supports multiple standard accounting methods (emission factor method, mass balance method, etc.) and international carbon accounting standards (such as GHG Protocol), and combines an authoritative emission factor library stored on the blockchain to ensure that the results are in line with international standards and enhance the credibility of the report.

[0057] (4) In this invention, business collaboration and asset optimization, the carbon asset management module generates the optimal emission reduction plan through dynamic analysis, links carbon asset / liability data, assists enterprises in making carbon trading decisions (such as the timing of quota trading), and reduces compliance costs.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a smart carbon asset management and accounting method according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the inter-module connection relationship of an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0063] The terms "comprising" or "including" as used in this invention mean that the element preceding the term encompasses the element listed after the term, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements. Terms such as "inner," "outer," "upper," and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly. In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "attached" and similar terms should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] Example

[0065] A smart carbon asset management and accounting system, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module, and an accounting module.

[0066] The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and then transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module.

[0067] The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, checking the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0068] The storage module includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit.

[0069] The data processing unit will decode the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, restoring it to a parsable plaintext data format. The decoded carbon emission data will be verified using integrity checks, consistency checks, and conflict arbitration. After successful verification, either SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash functions will be selected to perform hash operations on the verified carbon emission data and generate a hash value.

[0070] The hash function SHA-256 is represented as:

[0071] H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S));

[0072] Where: D is the carbon emission data, including timestamps and carbon emission amounts; H is the output 256-bit hash value; Norm() is the data normalization function; TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function; and S is a random string.

[0073] The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit. The blockchain is constructed using distributed ledger technology. The blockchain uses blocks as the basic unit. A block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

[0074] The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements.

[0075] The accounting module includes a carbon footprint accounting unit and a carbon accounting unit. The accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method, and the measurement method.

[0076] The carbon footprint accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit define the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions. The carbon footprint accounting unit uses accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain and verifies the accounting results through internal audits and external expert reviews. Based on the verification results, a carbon footprint emission report is generated. The carbon footprint emission report includes the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0077] The carbon footprint accounting unit's working process includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission range determined by the operational control method; determining the accounting method in conjunction with industry standards; using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic; quantifying and calculating carbon emission data stored on the blockchain; verifying the calculation results through a dual review mechanism, including internal review and external expert review; generating a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; storing the structured data on the blockchain using blockchain technology; and including the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0078] Total carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0079] TCE = ∑DCE + ∑ICE + ∑SCE;

[0080] Where TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions.

[0081] Direct carbon emissions are expressed as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, c i For the measurement of direct carbon emissions, a i b is a correction factor for the process type. i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

[0084] The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit are used to select carbon accounting standards and use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain and generate carbon accounting statements. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon trading.

[0085] The working process of the carbon accounting unit includes: calculating carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit using the emission factor method or mass balance method; during the calculation process, calling the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain for calculation; generating carbon accounting statements using a triple ledger method; and storing structured data on the blockchain through blockchain technology. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading.

[0086] Carbon assets are represented as:

[0087] CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA;

[0088] Among them, CA carbon assets, ICA is the initial carbon allowance, CE is the carbon emission reduction, PCA is the purchased carbon allowance, and SCA is the sold carbon allowance;

[0089] Carbon liabilities are represented as:

[0090] CL = TCE - CA;

[0091] Among them, CL represents carbon liabilities;

[0092] Carbon trading is represented as:

[0093] CTN = PCA - SCA;

[0094] CTN represents net carbon trading, PCA represents purchased carbon allowances, and SCA represents sold carbon allowances.

[0095] The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] A smart carbon asset management and accounting system also includes a blockchain authentication module.

[0098] The blockchain authentication module connects with the storage and accounting modules to verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain. Leveraging the immutability of the blockchain, carbon footprint data is authenticated to ensure its authenticity and credibility. Smart contracts enable the automatic execution of carbon asset transactions and the automatic updating of carbon emission data, improving transaction efficiency and data management transparency. A blockchain explorer function is provided to facilitate businesses, regulatory agencies, and consumers in querying product carbon footprint information and carbon asset transaction records.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system also includes an interactive module.

[0101] The interactive module connects with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results, and authentication information.

[0102] In this application, the interactive module serves as the core interface for user interaction with the system. It is tightly connected to the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module, enabling efficient information transmission and display. Through the interactive module, users can intuitively view carbon footprint data, including the carbon emission trajectory throughout the product's entire lifecycle, carbon emissions at each stage, and analysis results of high-carbon emission stages. Simultaneously, the interactive module also displays carbon asset information, such as the company's carbon allowances, carbon credit balance, progress of carbon reduction projects, and the market value of carbon assets. Furthermore, carbon accounting results are also presented through the interactive module, including the company's total carbon emissions, carbon reductions, the financial value of carbon assets, and the generated carbon accounting report. Blockchain authentication information is also displayed in the interactive module, such as the blockchain authentication status of carbon footprint data, smart contract execution records, and blockchain records of carbon asset transactions. This interactive design not only improves information transparency and accessibility but also provides corporate decision-makers with a comprehensive carbon management perspective, supporting them in developing more scientific and effective carbon reduction strategies and carbon asset management solutions.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] A smart carbon asset management and accounting method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0105] S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification.

[0106] S2: Decode the preprocessed carbon emission data and use the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, select a hash function to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0107] S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module to generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting statements;

[0108] S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results using internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures;

[0109] S32: Select carbon accounting standards, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate carbon accounting statements; carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading;

[0110] S4: Dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans using data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements;

[0111] S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] This embodiment applies a smart carbon asset management and accounting system of this application to the power grid sector, focusing primarily on real-time monitoring and accounting of carbon emissions, as well as effective management of carbon assets. Through this system, power grid companies can achieve precise tracking and management of carbon emissions throughout the entire process from power generation and transmission to distribution and consumption, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of carbon asset management.

[0114] The main steps are as follows:

[0115] First, carbon emission data collection and preprocessing: IoT sensors and smart devices are deployed at key nodes of the power grid, such as power plants, substations, transmission lines, and user terminals, to collect carbon emission data in real time. This data includes key parameters such as power generation, fuel consumption, and power transmission losses, which form the basis for subsequent carbon emission accounting.

[0116] The collected carbon emission data is cleaned, formatted, encrypted, and verified to ensure its accuracy, integrity, and security. The smart contract functionality of blockchain is used to verify the pre-processed data, checking its integrity and consistency. Once verified, the data will be used for subsequent carbon emission calculations.

[0117] Second, storage operations: The preprocessed carbon emission data is decoded, and the smart contract function of the blockchain is used to verify the decoded carbon emission data, checking its integrity and consistency. After verification, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The generated hash value is used to construct a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header contains: the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The hash value of the previous block ensures the unbreakable correlation between blocks through a chain structure. The hash value of the current block is generated by a Merkle tree from all the hashed carbon emission data in this block, achieving efficient data verification. The timestamp accurately records the time when the data is uploaded to the blockchain, providing chronological evidence for subsequent audits. The block stores specific carbon emission data records, including: carbon emission data on the power generation side, carbon emission data on power transmission and distribution, and carbon emission data on the user side. Among them, carbon emission data on the power generation side includes CO2 emissions from coal-fired units and equivalent emission reductions from photovoltaic power plants; carbon emission data on power transmission and distribution includes carbon emission intensity corresponding to line losses; and carbon emission data on the user side includes data such as enterprise electricity consumption.

[0118] Third, carbon emission accounting and reporting generation

[0119] Carbon emission accounting: Based on industry standards and accounting methods, carbon emission data stored in the system is calculated to generate carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements.

[0120] Carbon footprint emission report: Includes information such as total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0121] Carbon accounting statements include financial information on carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading.

[0122] Report Review and Publication: The generated reports undergo internal review and external expert evaluation to ensure their accuracy and credibility. Once approved, the report will be officially published for use by power grid companies and relevant departments.

[0123] Fourth, carbon asset management and optimization

[0124] Carbon asset management: Establish a carbon asset management system to statistically analyze, account for, develop, and trade the carbon assets of power grid companies. This includes developing scientific emission reduction plans, participating in carbon quota trading, or purchasing carbon offset mechanisms.

[0125] Carbon asset optimization: Based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements, carbon asset optimization plans are dynamically updated using data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms. This helps power grid companies achieve their carbon emission reduction targets and improve the efficiency of carbon asset management.

[0126] Fifth, blockchain authentication

[0127] Blockchain technology is used to store carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements, ensuring the immutability and traceability of the data. Furthermore, the distributed ledger technology of blockchain enables the tracing and tracking of carbon emission data. This helps power grid companies quickly locate the data source and verify its authenticity when needed.

[0128] Through the above steps, the application of intelligent carbon asset management and accounting systems in the power grid sector has the following main advantages:

[0129] (1) Improve carbon emission management efficiency: Through real-time monitoring, accounting and optimization, the system has significantly improved the carbon emission management efficiency of power grid companies and reduced carbon emission intensity.

[0130] (2) Enhance data credibility: The application of blockchain technology ensures the immutability and traceability of carbon emission data, thereby enhancing the credibility and public trust of the data.

[0131] (3) Promoting low-carbon development: The system provides power grid companies with scientific carbon emission reduction plans and optimization suggestions, promoting the construction and development of low-carbon power grids. At the same time, green electricity certification and trading mechanisms promote the consumption and application of clean energy, which helps to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

[0132] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method, which solves the problem of opaque carbon footprint tracking by storing data on the blockchain; realizes carbon footprint and carbon accounting through the accounting module, the accounting process is simple and improves the credibility of data; realizes intelligent carbon asset management through the carbon asset management module, and provides corresponding optimization solutions, thereby improving management efficiency.

[0133] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module, and an accounting module; The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module. The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, checking the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data. The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements. The accounting module includes a carbon footprint accounting unit and a carbon accounting unit, and the accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method, and the measurement method. The carbon footprint accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit define the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions. The carbon footprint accounting unit uses accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain. The accounting results are verified by internal audit and external expert review. A carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint emission report includes the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures. The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit are used to select carbon accounting standards and apply accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain to generate carbon accounting statements. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions. The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

2. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage module includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit; The data processing unit will decode the carbon emission data preprocessed by the data acquisition and processing module, restoring it to a parsable plaintext data format. The decoded carbon emission data will be verified through integrity check, consistency check, and conflict arbitration. After the verification is successful, the SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash function will be selected to perform a hash operation on the verified carbon emission data to generate a hash value. The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit. The blockchain is constructed using distributed ledger technology. The blockchain uses blocks as the basic unit. A block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

3. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon footprint accounting unit's working process includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission range determined by the operational control method; determining the accounting method in conjunction with industry standards; using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic; quantifying and calculating carbon emission data stored on the blockchain; verifying the calculation results through a dual review mechanism, including internal review and external expert review; generating a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; storing the structured data on the blockchain using blockchain technology; and including the total carbon emissions, the distribution of carbon emissions at each stage, and emission reduction measures.

4. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The working process of the carbon accounting unit includes: calculating carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit using the emission factor method or mass balance method; during the calculation process, calling the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain for calculation; generating carbon accounting statements using a triple ledger method; and storing structured data on the blockchain through blockchain technology. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading.

5. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hash function SHA-256 is represented as: H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S)); Where: D is the carbon emission data, including timestamps and carbon emission amounts, H is the output 256-bit hash value, Norm() is the data normalization function, TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function, and S is a random string.

6. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Total carbon emissions are expressed as: TCE = ∑DCE + ∑ICE + ∑SCE; Where TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions. Direct carbon emissions are expressed as follows: Among them, c i For the measurement of direct carbon emissions, a i b is a correction factor for the process type. i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

7. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Carbon assets are represented as: CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA; Among them, CA carbon assets, ICA is the initial carbon allowance, CE is the carbon emission reduction, PCA is the purchased carbon allowance, and SCA is the sold carbon allowance; Carbon liabilities are represented as: CL = TCE - CA; Among them, CL represents carbon liabilities; Carbon trading is represented as: CTN = PCA - SCA; CTN represents net carbon trading, PCA represents purchased carbon allowances, and SCA represents sold carbon allowances.

8. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Blockchain authentication module; The blockchain authentication module is connected to the storage and accounting modules to verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

9. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Interactive module; The interactive module connects with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results, and authentication information.

10. A method for an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting method includes the following steps: S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification. S2: Decode the preprocessed carbon emission data and use the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, select a hash function to perform hash processing on the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data. S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module to generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting statements; S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results using internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures; S32: Select carbon accounting standards, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate carbon accounting statements; carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon trading; S4: Dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans using data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements; S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

Images