Decoration material pollutant source disposal method

Abstract

The invention discloses a decoration material pollutant source disposal method, and belongs to the technical field of pollution control. Firstly, a decoration material pollutant database is established, pollution characteristics of a target decoration material are analyzed and matched, pollutant types are determined, and then specific disposal reagents and methods are selected, improved and developed with the technical principles of MOFs fixation, chemical fixation, chemical reduction and the like as the core for different pollutant types. The treatment of the combined pollution of the decoration material is realized by combining and reconstructing the methods, the specific fixation and reduction of the decoration pollutants are realized from the source, the high-toxicity pollutants and the overall pollution release rate of the decoration material are reduced, and the functional characteristics of the decoration material are not influenced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to indoor pollutant disposal technology, specifically to a method for treating important indoor pollution sources such as decoration materials, based on the identification of different highly toxic pollution components and a combination of specific disposal methods, which effectively reduces the overall release rate of source pollutants to ensure indoor air quality, and belongs to the field of pollution control technology. Background Art

[0002] As most modern activities are concentrated indoors, the negative health effects of indoor air pollution are gaining increasing public attention. Exposure to different indoor air pollutants can cause different health problems. For example, benzene exposure can lead to dramatic changes in lymphocyte levels and lymphocytic leukemia; toluene exposure can cause health effects such as decreased neurobehavioral analysis and miscarriage; and formaldehyde exposure can cause childhood leukemia.

[0003] Substandard or improper use of decoration materials can lead to the release of large amounts of volatile pollutants, which is one of the most important causes of indoor air pollution. Therefore, effective disposal of volatile pollutant components in decoration materials is very important for protecting the physical and mental health of residents. Different decoration materials release different types of composite pollutants. For example, the Mayler research team of the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics in Germany found that detergents and plastics are important sources of thiols, hydroxyalkyl furanones, and linear esters (Mayer, F. et al. Material odor-odoractive compounds identified in different materials--the surprising similarities with certain foods, possible sources and hypotheses on their formation [J]. Indoor Air. 2006; 16 (5): 373-82). Xu Wang et al. found that the aldehyde and ketone components and combinations released by different particleboards were different, but acrolein generally accounted for a higher proportion (Analysis of the Release Characteristics of Aldehydes and Ketones from Particleboards with Different Finishes [J]. Xu Wang, Shen Jun, Wang Weidong, Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2022, No. 3). At the same time, there are also huge differences in the disposal methods for different types of pollutant components. For example, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used to fix different pollutant components within the source, but the internal structure of the MOFs needs to be designed according to the component type; hydroxylamine materials are used to fix aldehydes and ketones within the source, and active persulfates are used to reduce benzene series and aromatic hydrocarbons within the source. These are all chemical pollution fixation methods; flexible oxidants such as chlorine dioxide are used for redox removal of components with strong reaction activity; and localized programmed heating is used to specifically remove medium and low mass pollutant components that tend to accumulate on the surface of the source.

[0004] There are currently two mainstream methods for controlling indoor volatile pollutants:

[0005] (1) Air purifiers, photocatalysts, physical adsorption, and other technologies are only effective against pollutants in the air and can only provide temporary pollution control. They are ineffective in removing and reducing pollutants at the source and cannot truly solve the problem of persistent indoor air pollution. For example, CN112121617A provides a method for eliminating organic chemical pollutants in the air through an oxidation reaction using chlorine dioxide gas. This method has high elimination efficiency and low risk of byproduct toxicity. It is a universal air pollution elimination method, but this type of product is ineffective in removing pollutants at the source.

[0006] (2) Source fixation technology refers to a method that directly reduces the effective content and release rate of various pollutants in key sources such as decoration materials. It is the most effective and longest-lasting method for indoor air pollution control. However, there are certain misunderstandings in the development of existing source disposal technologies for decoration materials: First, due to the early emphasis on formaldehyde pollution control, the disposal technologies for other key highly toxic pollutants other than formaldehyde have been mature and applied very limitedly; second, different decoration materials release a complex and significantly different group of pollutants. The existing source disposal technologies do not adopt targeted disposal methods based on the selection and combination of different pollutants, resulting in inaccurate disposal targets and low efficiency. For example, CN110787625A provides a reagent for eliminating formaldehyde inside decoration materials. The removal principle is to use CS / AC to catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aldehydes and active methylene compounds to form more stable bound aldehydes and ketones, thereby reducing the formaldehyde release rate. This type of method only has differences in the rate and effectiveness of removing formaldehyde, and is almost ineffective for other pollutants. It is not suitable for the complex pollutant scenarios of decoration materials.

[0007] Therefore, it is very important to develop new disposal technologies that can target the composite pollutant characteristics of different types of decoration materials, achieve source-specific pollutant reduction, reduce the release rate of highly toxic pollutants and overall pollution in decoration materials, and will not affect the functional characteristics of decoration materials. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a treatment technology based on the identification of complex pollutants in decoration materials, specifically immobilizing and abating them at the source. This technology aims to reduce the release rate of different types of pollutants from decoration materials, particularly highly toxic pollutants, thereby lowering the overall pollutant emissions and toxic impact of the materials. Based on the core technical principles of MOF immobilization, chemical immobilization, and chemical abatement, this technology selects, improves, and develops specific treatment reagents and methods for different pollutant types. These methods are then combined and reconfigured to achieve the treatment of complex pollution from decoration materials.

[0009] The technical route of the method for treating the source of decoration material pollutants of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] (1) Establish a database of pollutants from decoration materials

[0011] Based on existing literature, toxicology databases and release rate test data, a decoration material pollutant database is established. The database can be used to determine the types of pollutants released by different categories of decoration materials, the release rates of different pollutants and the toxic effects, and to identify different highly toxic pollutants released by decoration materials.

[0012] (2) Analysis and matching of pollution characteristics of target decoration materials

[0013] Environmental chambers are used in conjunction with different mass spectrometry techniques to complete the pollution characteristic analysis of target decoration materials, including analysis of the categories of highly toxic pollutants and quantification of release rates. In order to improve the efficiency of characteristic analysis, the decoration materials that have been included in the database should be reviewed to see if their pollution characteristics are consistent with the database. If they are consistent, the categories of highly toxic pollutants released can be quickly confirmed; if they are inconsistent, the same characteristic analysis method should be adopted as for decoration materials not included in the database, and the mass spectrometry scanning function and standard samples should be reused to gradually quantify the categories of highly toxic pollutants, and the information in the database should be updated and supplemented. Generally, combined mass spectrometry methods such as proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry can be used to achieve a full range scan of low, medium and high mass number volatile pollutants to avoid missing key toxic pollutants in the qualitative process.

[0014] (3) Establish pollutant control methods

[0015] Analyze the production and use processes of the target decoration materials, as well as the materials and additives used in each process. This will determine the stages of generation and accumulation of different highly toxic pollutants in the decoration materials. The most appropriate process for adding treatment reagents for each type of pollutant will be analyzed, allowing for the development of multiple pollutant control methods. Suitable processes should generally occur during or after the accumulation phase of the pollutants and meet the reagent usage requirements (temperature, duration, etc.).

[0016] 2a. Determination of control methods for single-component pollutants

[0017] Select single-component control methods and reagents for each type of highly toxic component in the material, giving priority to existing mature methods or improving on mature methods. If there are no mature methods, control technology should be developed based on the properties of the components.

[0018] Reagents include the main pollutant control component (including a catalyst), a dispersion medium, a surfactant, and an antibacterial and antifungal agent. The main development directions for the main pollutant control component are MOF fixation, chemical fixation (such as hydroxylamine reaction and chelation reaction), and chemical reduction (such as oxidants such as chlorine dioxide and persulfate). The purpose of the dispersion medium is to increase the diffusion rate of the reagent or the frequency of contact with the pollutant. The purpose of the surfactant is to enhance the permeability of the reagent into the material. If the reagent can directly contact the location of the pollution, it does not need to be added.

[0019] In addition to the reagents, each single-component contamination control method should include the appropriate time to add the reagents, the conditions of use, and the operating procedures.

[0020] 2b. Determination of the combined control method for multi-component pollutants

[0021] Pollutants released by each type of decoration material typically include multiple toxic pollutant categories. Single-component control methods for different pollutants are combined to form a variety of combined methods. These combined methods should ensure that the reagents do not react with each other, that the treatment effects are minimally affected, that the different methods are compatible with each other, and that the combined methods have a relatively simple application process.

[0022] (4) Verification of the effectiveness and feasibility of pollutant control methods

[0023] A variety of combination methods are applied to the complex pollution control of the decoration materials according to standardized processes, and the single-type and overall pollutant control effects of different methods are tested and compared to evaluate whether the use process is simple and operational.

[0024] At the same time, the mutual influence of basic functional indicators of materials after using different methods is compared.

[0025] Finally, a method with good overall toxicity control effect of pollutants, relatively simple usage process, and basically no impact on the basic functions of the material was selected as the source control method for complex pollutants in this material.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The present invention establishes a decoration material pollutant database, analyzes and matches the pollution characteristics of target decoration materials, and determines the pollutant categories. For different pollutant categories, MOFs fixation, chemical fixation, chemical reduction and other technical principles are selected as the core, and specific treatment reagents and methods are improved and developed. These methods are combined and reconstructed to achieve the treatment of complex pollution of decoration materials, realizing the specific fixation and reduction of decoration pollutants from the source, reducing the release rate of highly toxic pollutants and overall pollution in decoration materials, and will not affect the functional characteristics of decoration materials.

[0028] The established decoration material pollutant database can help us, on the one hand, accurately classify materials; on the other hand, it can assist us in identifying the component categories, release rates, and toxic effects of high-risk compounds in various types of materials, thereby enabling us to design targeted treatment reagent formula combinations and maximize the efficiency of fixing and reducing pollutants released from materials.

[0029] The designed treatment reagent formula combination is flexible in application and can carry out specific treatment according to the material pollutant category and occurrence stage. The application conditions and application nodes can be formulated according to the characteristics of the material. The use process is relatively simple and the overall control effect is good, which can achieve source-specific and long-term control of pollutant release. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 .Conceptual flow chart of the method for source treatment of decoration material pollutants of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 . Schematic diagram of pollutant removal efficiency and material basic function decline rate in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below by way of examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way.

[0033] 1. Characteristics of materials to be disposed of

[0034] (1) Basic characteristics

[0035] The material to be disposed of in this embodiment is a white latex product on the market, and many users have reported that it emits an odor after use.

[0036] (2) Pollution characteristics

[0037] According to the methods of HG / T 2727-2010 "Polyvinyl acetate emulsion wood adhesive" and GB 18583-2008 "Limits of Hazardous Substances in Adhesives for Interior Decoration and Renovation Materials", the pollution characteristics of this product were analyzed. The total volatile organic compounds and benzene did not exceed the standard, but the free formaldehyde content exceeded the standard, reaching 2.1g / kg.

[0038] Therefore, we analyzed the production process and materials of the white latex, and simultaneously used mass spectrometry chromatography combined with standard substances to qualitatively analyze the pollutants released. We found that the release rates of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein were significantly high, and the pollution source came from the raw material addition process. We quantified the three pollutants according to the JGJ / T 436 method and found that the release rates of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein reached 0.074±0.021mg / (m 2 h), 0.060±0.027mg / (m 2 h), 0.053±0.014 mg / (m 2 ·h).

[0039] (1) Functional characteristics

[0040] The main functional indicators of the product and its characteristics before the use of disposal reagents are shown in Table 1 below. There are no abnormalities in the normal use of the product.

[0041] Table 1. Main functional indicators and characteristics of the product

[0042]

[0043] (2) Disposal targets

[0044] Without affecting the functional indicators of the product, reduce the release rate of highly toxic pollutants and overall pollutants.

[0045] 2. Disposal reagent technology combination

[0046] (1) Selection of single pollutant disposal technology

[0047] The following table shows the methods that can be used to identify the main pollutants released by this product.

[0048] Table 2. Single pollutant-specific treatment methods

[0049]

[0050] (2) Technology combination for treating complex pollutants

[0051] Different pollutants generally have different disposal methods. Specific disposal methods should be selected for different pollutants according to the characteristics of the composite pollutants to achieve the disposal goal. In this embodiment, since the three main toxic pollutants released by the product are relatively similar in nature, the disposal methods and principles are also similar. Based on the analysis of the disposal principles and the use of different disposal reagents, the following composite pollutant disposal plan is formed. Among them, special attention should be paid to the mass ratio and compatibility of different main pollutant control components (including catalysts), dispersion media, surfactants, and antibacterial and mildew-proof agents.

[0052] Table 3. Treatment options for composite pollutants (number of parts is by mass ratio)

[0053]

[0054] (3) Application conditions and stage selection

[0055] Since white latex is liquid and relatively stable, it is easy to mix with the treatment agent. Therefore, the two can be mixed directly before brush application. Therefore, the main conditions affecting the use effect are mixing time, mixing temperature, and mixing mass ratio. The scheme is as follows.

[0056] Table 4. Reagent usage conditions

[0057] Method conditions Mixing time Mixing temperature Material:reagent mass ratio M1 15 minutes 20℃ 20:1 M2 15 minutes 20℃ 50:1 M3 15 minutes 26℃ 20:1 M4 15 minutes 26℃ 50:1 M5 30 minutes 20℃ 20:1 M6 30 minutes 20℃ 50:1 M7 30 minutes 26℃ 20:1 M8 30 minutes 26℃ 50:1

[0058] 3. Comparison of disposal reagent technologies

[0059] (1) Removal effect comparison

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, for formaldehyde, the most effective treatment agent is B2, followed by A2, A3, A4, B3, B4, and C2.

[0061] For acetaldehyde, the most effective treatment reagent is B3, followed by B2, C3, and then B4, B1, A2, A4, C2, and C4.

[0062] For acrolein, the most effective treatment agents are A4 and B4, followed by A2, B2, B3, and then A1, A3, B1, C3, and C4.

[0063] In addition, a more regular phenomenon is that MOFs material (MIL-101(Cr)) has a very obvious effect in enhancing the effect of other treatment agents. Hydroxylamine chloride is the active ingredient with the best effect in comprehensive treatment agents, and acrolein is relatively the most difficult to treat.

[0064] Mixing time is the condition variable that has the greatest impact on removal efficiency and should ideally be 30 minutes.

[0065] (2) Comparison of material function impact

[0066] The test found that among the various parameters of the product in Table 1, the parameters affected by the mixing of the disposal reagents mainly include viscosity and compressive shear dry strength ( Figure 2 Among them, urea and thiourea reagents have the strongest negative impact on material properties, especially when the mixing ratio reaches 20:1.

[0067] (3) Summary

[0068] To achieve the desired treatment results, methods B2 and B3 offer the best overall treatment effects, followed by A2. The mixing time should be 30 minutes. However, from the perspectives of raw material preparation, ease of use, and cost, other feasible methods in this embodiment may be used if the treatment effect also meets the expectations and does not affect the basic function of the material.

Claims

1. A method for treating pollutants from decoration materials at the source, comprising the following steps: 1) Establish a database of pollutants in decoration materials; 2) Analyze the pollution characteristics of target decoration materials; 3) Comparing the pollution characteristics obtained in step 2) with the decoration material pollutant database. For decoration materials included in the database, verifying whether their pollution characteristics are consistent with the database. If they are consistent, confirming the type of pollutants released by them; if they are inconsistent, using mass spectrometry scanning and standard substances to qualitatively determine the type of pollutants, as for decoration materials not included in the database, and updating and supplementing the information in the database; 4) Analyze the production and use processes of target decoration materials, as well as the materials and additives used in each process, determine the generation and accumulation stages of different pollutants in decoration materials, analyze the possible appropriate processes for adding treatment agents for each type of pollutant, and establish multiple pollutant control methods; 5) Verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the various pollutant control methods set in step 4) and determine the best method.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step 1) Establish a decoration material pollutant database based on existing literature, toxicology databases, and material pollution test data, including the types of pollutants released by different types of decoration materials, the release rates of different pollutants, and the toxic effects.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step 2) Use an environmental chamber in conjunction with various mass spectrometry techniques to analyze the contamination characteristics of the target decoration materials, including classification analysis of highly toxic pollutants and quantification of their release rates.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The mass spectrometry scan in step 3) uses a combined mass spectrometry method of proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to achieve a full range scan of low, medium and high mass number volatile pollutants.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 4), the process of adding the appropriate reagent for treating each type of pollutants is carried out at the pollutant accumulation stage or later stage, and the conditions for using the reagent are met.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 4), the single-component pollutant control method is first determined, and then combined to determine the multi-component pollutant composite control method.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The single-component pollutant control method described in step 4) includes the reagents used, the timing of adding the reagents, the conditions of use and the operating procedures. When combining the single-component pollutant control methods, it is necessary to ensure that the reagents do not react with each other, the treatment effects do not affect each other as much as possible, the conditions for use of different methods are compatible, and the use process after the method combination is relatively simplified.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein The reagent includes a main pollutant control component, which is determined based on the pollutant control method of MOFs fixation, chemical fixation and / or chemical reduction. The reagent further includes one or more of a dispersion medium, a surfactant, and an antibacterial and antifungal agent.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step 5), the single-type and overall pollutant control effects of different methods are tested and compared, the simplicity and operability of the use process are evaluated, and the impact of different methods on the basic functional indicators of decoration materials after use is compared. Finally, the method with good overall toxicity control effect of pollutants, relatively simple use process, and basically no impact on the basic functions of decoration materials is selected.

Images