Photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control. The power distribution cabinet comprises a cabinet shell, a grit separation chamber is arranged in the cabinet shell, the lower end of the grit separation chamber is connected with a grit gathering chamber, the lower end of the grit gathering chamber is connected with a temperature adjusting chamber, and an electric appliance chamber is arranged in the middle of the cabinet shell. A paraffin material is introduced into the power distribution cabinet to adjust the temperature of air introduced into the electric appliance chamber, it can be ensured that a power distribution device in the electric appliance chamber is kept at a low temperature in a hot environment, the day and night temperature difference in the electric appliance chamber is reduced, grit and air are separated through the centrifugal effect of the elaborately designed centrifugal separator, and the power distribution cabinet has the advantages of being energy-saving and environment-friendly. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic generator is introduced, the aggregation effect of ultrasonic waves on grit is utilized, the purity of air entering the electric appliance chamber is ensured, and the power distribution cabinet is particularly suitable for gobi and desert environments rich in illumination resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric power equipment, and in particular to a photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on micro-environment control. Background Art

[0002] Amid the global trend of energy transition, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy source, is increasingly being used. As key equipment in photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic distribution cabinets (PVDCs) shoulder the crucial responsibility of distributing, controlling, and protecting electrical energy. However, in areas with abundant sunlight, such as the Gobi Desert and other desert regions, the unique natural environment presents extremely demanding performance challenges for PV DCs. These regions experience frequent sandstorms, and the air contains large amounts of sand and gravel. Traditional PV DCs lack effective sand and gravel separation measures, allowing large amounts of sand and gravel to enter the cabinets with the air and easily accumulate on the surfaces of electrical components. This not only affects heat dissipation but can also cause electrical short circuits and other faults, severely reducing the reliability and service life of the DCs. For example, in one PV power station in a desert region, due to inadequate sand and gravel protection in the DCs, over 30% of the cabinets experienced electrical failures caused by sand and gravel accumulation within a single year, resulting in high repair costs and impacting the power generation efficiency of the station. Furthermore, these regions experience significant temperature fluctuations between day and night. During the day, under strong sunlight, the ambient temperature rises sharply. Traditional distribution cabinets find it difficult to effectively control the internal temperature, causing electrical components to be in a high-temperature environment for a long time, accelerating the aging and damage of the components. According to relevant studies, for every 10°C increase in temperature, the life of electrical components will be shortened by about 50%. At night, the temperature drops sharply, which will cause large temperature fluctuations inside the distribution cabinet, further affecting the performance and stability of the electrical components. In response to these problems, the existing technology has proposed some improvement plans, but there are still certain limitations. For example, the patent with publication number CN213755475U discloses a dust removal structure and a charging cabinet for a charging cabinet. The charging cabinet uses ultrasonic waves to clean the filter, collects the dust on the surface of the filter in a dust box, and discharges it from the dust outlet to the outside of the charging cabinet, making the cleaning of the filter more convenient, simple and efficient, saving manpower and cost. However, it still has the following shortcomings: 1. The filter cannot achieve both good filtering performance for sand and gravel and good air flow rate. The finer the filter, the smaller the air flow rate, and it cannot fully filter sand and gravel smaller than the filter aperture; 2. The fan is used to bring in outside air for heat dissipation, and the heat dissipation performance is not good enough in desert areas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (1) Technical problems solved In response to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a photovoltaic distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control, which solves the problems existing in the prior art. Through a carefully designed centrifugal separator, sand and air can be separated by centrifugal action, and clean air can be introduced into the electrical room, so that the distribution cabinet can be used in areas with strong wind and sand, and the phase change properties of paraffin are used to control the internal temperature, ensuring that the internal electrical components are well dissipated. At the same time, the paraffin vapor is combined with the ultrasonic generator to enable the paraffin vapor to adhere to the surface of small particles of sand and gravel, so that small particles of sand and gravel can also be gathered, greatly reducing the amount of sand and gravel entering the electrical room. At the same time, the paraffin vapor can also adhere to the blade surface of the centrifuge, greatly reducing the wear caused by the high-speed contact between the high-speed rotating separator blades and the sand and gravel, making the service life of the centrifuge longer. In addition, the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration can be used to remove the sand and gravel attached to the surface of the centrifuge, preventing the internal sand and gravel from being brought into the distribution cabinet when the centrifuge is started next time.

[0004] (2) Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control, comprising a cabinet housing, a grit separation chamber disposed within the cabinet housing, a grit collection chamber connected at its lower end to a grit collection chamber, and a temperature control chamber connected at its lower end to an electrical compartment. The cabinet housing comprises an electrical compartment in the middle. The cabinet housing serves as the external protective structure of the entire power distribution cabinet, providing support and protection for the various functional compartments within, isolating the cabinet's internal structure from the external environment and ensuring effective internal microenvironment control. The grit separation chamber is the first step in processing air entering the power distribution cabinet, performing the important task of preliminary air conditioning and stabilizing the subsequent internal environment, including in the electrical compartment. Utilizing components such as a centrifugal separator and a pressurized fan, grit is separated from the air through centrifugal force and then pumped into the grit collection chamber. This chamber provides sufficient pressure to release a one-way valve, preventing grit from entering other parts of the power distribution cabinet, particularly the electrical compartment, and thus preventing damage to electrical components. The sand collection chamber houses an ultrasonic generator, and paraffin vapor escaping through the pressure relief valve preferentially enters the chamber. The paraffin vapor adheres to the surface of the sand, and the ultrasonic waves aggregate the sand, causing it to settle, further reducing the amount of sand entering the electrical room. The temperature control chamber contains solid paraffin wax, which absorbs heat from the incoming air through its phase change properties, ensuring heat dissipation of electrical components. This also increases the incoming air temperature at night, reducing temperature fluctuations in the electrical room and extending the life of the components. The electrical room houses electrical distribution equipment.

[0005] The gravel gathering chamber is a hollow structure with a second inspection window on the front, and a second sealing door is installed on the outside of the second inspection window. An ultrasonic bracket is bolted to the middle of the gravel gathering chamber, and an ultrasonic generator is fixed in the middle of the ultrasonic bracket. A first one-way valve is bolted to the side of the interior of the gravel gathering chamber, and a second one-way valve is bolted to the side of the exterior of the gravel gathering chamber. The second inspection window facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the gravel gathering chamber, and the second sealing door is installed on the outside of the second inspection window to ensure the sealing of the gravel gathering chamber and prevent external sand and dust from entering, while maintaining the stability of the internal microenvironment and ensuring the normal operation of equipment such as the ultrasonic generator. The ultrasonic bracket is bolted to the middle of the gravel gathering chamber to provide an installation base for the ultrasonic generator, ensuring its stable operation and enabling the ultrasonic generator to emit ultrasonic waves normally. The ultrasonic generator uses the aggregation effect of ultrasonic waves on sand particles to gather the tiny sand particles remaining in the air, making it easier for them to settle to the bottom of the gravel gathering chamber, reducing the number of sand particles entering the electrical room. At the same time, ultrasonic vibrations can also dislodge sand adhering to the surface of the centrifuge, preventing it from being carried into the power distribution cabinet the next time the centrifuge is started. The first check valve allows air to flow into the electrical room, while the second check valve allows air to flow out of the room. The check valves are arranged symmetrically.

[0006] Preferably, the interior of the gravel separation chamber is a hollow structure, with a first inspection window provided at the front end, a first sealing door installed outside the first inspection window, a centrifuge fixed to the side of the gravel separation chamber, and a pressurized fan fixed to the bottom of the gravel separation chamber; the first inspection window facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the gravel separation chamber, and internal problems can be observed and handled without disassembling the entire structure; the first sealing door is installed outside the first inspection window to ensure the sealing of the gravel separation chamber, while maintaining internal air pressure stability during normal operation, ensuring the normal operation of equipment such as the centrifuge. The centrifuge is the core structure of the gravel separation device, utilizing the centrifugal effect to throw out heavier gravel to achieve gravel separation. The pressurized fan is fixed to the bottom of the gravel separation chamber to pressurize the air processed by the centrifuge, allowing the air to pass smoothly through subsequent structures and enter the electrical room, ensuring sufficient air circulation inside the electrical room and maintaining a stable microenvironment.

[0007] Preferably, the centrifugal separator includes an airflow casing bolted to the side of the gravel separation chamber, an air intake bracket is fixed inside the airflow casing, a first rib is welded to the side of the air intake bracket, a first motor bracket is welded to the outside of the first rib, a first motor is fixed in the first motor bracket, an air intake blade is installed on the output shaft of the first motor, a guide cone is fixed to the side of the air intake blade, a preliminary separation fan is fixed to the outside of the guide cone, a first bearing is installed on the right side of the preliminary separation fan, a second bearing is installed on the left side of the preliminary separation fan, an air outlet bracket is fixed to the outside of the second bearing, a second rib is welded to the outside of the air outlet bracket, a second motor bracket is welded to the outside of the second rib, and a first motor bracket is fixed in the second motor bracket. A second motor is mounted on its output shaft, with a fine separation fan fixed to it. The airflow housing serves as the outer shell of the centrifuge, providing protection and support for the internal structure and directing airflow. An intake bracket is fixed within the housing, providing a mounting base for components such as the intake fan blades, ensuring stability and preventing them from shaking during high-speed rotation. This ensures smooth air intake and effective centrifugal separation. Air enters the centrifuge through an annular opening on the side of the intake bracket. A first rib is welded to the side of the intake bracket, strengthening the connection between the intake bracket and the first motor bracket, improving overall structural stability and withstanding the forces generated by the high-speed rotation of the intake fan blades. The first motor bracket is fixed within the first motor bracket, providing a mounting location for the first motor, ensuring stable operation, and ensuring the proper functioning of the intake fan blades on its output shaft. The first motor acts as the power source, driving the intake fan blades to rotate, allowing outside air to enter the centrifuge and providing the initial airflow momentum for the subsequent centrifugal separation process. Driven by the first motor, the intake fan blades rotate, generating suction that draws outside air into the centrifuge, providing the prerequisite for centrifugal separation. After the sand and gravel hit the guide cone, they will be guided by the guide cone to the preliminary separation blades. The preliminary separation blades will use centrifugal force to throw out the coarser sand and gravel. At the same time, the air is lighter, and part of it will pass through the hole in the center of the preliminary separation blade again. Its conical shape will allow the air to pass along its surface, and the fine sand and gravel will also enter the next fine separation process. The first bearing and the second bearing are respectively installed on the right and left sides of the preliminary separation fan, supporting the preliminary separation fan so that it can rotate smoothly and at high speed, reducing friction and vibration during rotation, and ensuring the centrifugal separation effect. A second rib is welded on the outside of the air outlet bracket to provide an installation base for the fine separation fan, ensuring its stability so that the fine separation fan can work normally under the drive of the second motor. The air flows out from the annular port on the side of the air outlet bracket, and there is also an annular sand outlet on the side corresponding to the third sand outlet. The sand outlet is relatively conventional, so it will not be described in detail. The second rib is welded on the outside of the air outlet bracket to enhance the connection strength between the air outlet bracket and the second motor bracket, and to withstand the force generated by the high-speed rotation of the fine separation fan. The second motor is fixed in the second motor bracket, which provides an installation position for the second motor, ensures the stable operation of the second motor, and ensures that the fine separation fan on its output shaft can work normally.The second motor acts as a power source, driving the fine separation fan to further refine the air after initial separation, improving air purity. The fine separation fan has smaller gaps inside, which strengthens the centrifugal effect on sand and gravel, allowing it to separate smaller sand and gravel particles.

[0008] Preferably, the interior of the temperature control chamber is a hollow structure with a third inspection window provided on the side. A watertight door and a third sealing door are installed outside the third inspection window. A heat exchanger is installed inside the temperature control chamber, and the heat exchanger is provided with a first air pipe. A second air pipe is provided at the upper end of the heat exchanger. A pressure relief valve is provided at the upper end of the temperature control chamber. The third inspection window facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the temperature control chamber and is used to add paraffin. The third sealing door is installed outside the third inspection window to ensure the sealing of the temperature control chamber and prevent the paraffin from flowing out after melting. The heat exchanger regulates the air temperature by exchanging heat with the incoming air. The phase change properties of the paraffin material are used to control the internal temperature, ensure that the internal electrical components receive better heat dissipation, and reduce the temperature difference between day and night inside the electrical chamber 5. When the paraffin melts, paraffin vapor is generated. At this time, the pressure relief valve will discharge some of the paraffin vapor, reducing the internal pressure. At the same time, the discharged paraffin vapor is used to accelerate the aggregation of gravel and adhere to the interior of the centrifuge, reducing wear on the centrifuge.

[0009] Preferably, an air inlet is provided on the left side of the preliminary separation fan, an air outlet is provided on the right side of the preliminary separation fan, the diameter of the air inlet is larger than the diameter of the air outlet, fan blades are provided on the inner circumference of the preliminary separation fan, and a first annular sand outlet is provided on the outer side of the fan blades; the diameter of the air inlet is larger than the diameter of the air outlet, so that the incoming air can form a pressure difference inside the preliminary separation fan, which helps to accelerate the air. Under the action of centrifugal force, it is more conducive to the preliminary separation of sand and air. At the same time, in cooperation with the guide cone, the sand and gravel can be effectively separated from the air by the fan blades. The first sand outlet is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the fan blades. When the fan blades rotate rapidly, the sand and gravel with larger mass will be thrown to the outside of the preliminary separation fan.

[0010] Preferably, a support plate is provided on the outside of the guide cone, and a cone is fixed at the center of the support plate, and the taper of the front end of the cone is greater than that of the rear end; the front end of the support plate is connected to the air intake fan blades and is driven by the first motor, and the support plate is connected to the preliminary separation fan, and at the same time drives the rotation of the preliminary separation fan. When the air intake fan blades inhale the air, the cone will guide the air outward into the preliminary separation fan. The mass of the sand and gravel is large, and the air outlet of the preliminary separation fan is small. It will remain in the preliminary separation fan due to inertia and be separated by the fan blades. The air flows along the surface of the guide cone and enters the next centrifugal separation process.

[0011] Preferably, a second sand outlet and a third sand outlet are provided in the middle of the airflow casing, and a perforated baffle is provided on the outside of the airflow casing; the second sand outlet is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the preliminary separation fan, and the third sand outlet is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the fine separation fan. The perforated baffle is used to prevent impurities with larger diameters from entering the centrifuge and jamming the centrifuge.

[0012] Preferably, the fine separation fan is arc-shaped, with a first baffle provided on the left side of the end and a second baffle provided on the right side, a perforated separation plate fixed between the first baffle and the second baffle, the perforated separation plates are arranged obliquely, the second baffle is provided with a sand outlet trough at the upper end of the perforated separation plate, and an air outlet is provided at the end of the first baffle; the rotation direction of the fine separation fan is opposite to that of the preliminary separation fan, which can make the incoming air subject to a greater centrifugal effect, and an air flow channel is formed between the first baffle and the second baffle. Under the action of the centrifugal effect, the air will flow to the outside of the fan blades along with the fine separation fan, and multiple perforated separation plates are arranged in the air flow channel. When flowing through the perforated separation plates, some sand and gravel will be blocked by the perforated separation plates. At this time, under the action of the centrifugal effect, the sand and gravel will flow upward from the sand outlet trough. Multiple perforated separation plates can block most of the fine sand and gravel from entering, and finally the air will flow out from the air outlet.

[0013] Preferably, a through hole is provided at the bottom of the first one-way valve, a blocking ball is placed inside the first one-way valve, and an air outlet plate is provided on the side of the first one-way valve; the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve have the same structure, but control the flow direction of the airflow differently, the blocking ball blocks the through hole, and when the pressure on the lower end of the blocking ball is greater than the gravity of the blocking ball, the through hole is opened and the air flows out from the air outlet plate.

[0014] (3) Beneficial effects The present invention aims to provide a photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control, the beneficial effects of which are mainly reflected in: Efficient sand separation and air purification: The combination of a centrifuge and ultrasonic generator efficiently separates airborne sand from the air, ensuring the purity of the air entering the electrical room. The centrifuge separates large sand particles through centrifugal action, while the ultrasonic generator uses the aggregation effect of ultrasound on sand to further separate small sand particles, significantly reducing the amount of sand entering the electrical room.

[0015] Temperature regulation and heat dissipation optimization: The distribution cabinet incorporates paraffin wax, utilizing its phase-change properties to regulate temperature. Paraffin absorbs and releases heat during phase changes, effectively regulating the temperature in the electrical compartment. This ensures the distribution equipment remains cool in hot environments and reduces the temperature difference between day and night, thereby extending the life of electrical components.

[0016] Reduce equipment wear and extend service life: Paraffin vapor not only regulates temperature but also adheres to the centrifuge blades, reducing friction between the high-speed spinning blades and the sand, thereby reducing wear on the equipment. Furthermore, ultrasonic vibrations dislodge sand adhering to the centrifuge surface, preventing it from being drawn into the electrical distribution cabinet during startup, further extending the equipment's service life.

[0017] Adapt to harsh environment: This power distribution cabinet is particularly suitable for Gobi and desert environments with abundant sunlight resources, and can operate stably in areas with strong winds and sand. The dual protection of sand and gravel separation and temperature regulation ensures the reliability and stability of the power distribution cabinet in harsh environments.

[0018] Easy maintenance: The distribution cabinet features multiple inspection windows and sealed doors for easy maintenance and overhaul. The sand separation chamber, sand collection chamber, and temperature control chamber all have inspection windows, facilitating regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure long-term, stable operation.

[0019] Energy saving and environmental protection: Utilizing the phase change properties of paraffin wax for temperature regulation reduces the energy consumption of traditional cooling systems, achieving energy-saving and environmentally friendly results. Furthermore, the use of ultrasonic generators also reduces energy consumption, further improving the energy efficiency of the power distribution cabinet. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the sand and gravel separation chamber of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the centrifugal separator of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sand and gravel gathering chamber; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a conditioning chamber of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the preliminary separation fan in the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the guide cone in the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the airflow housing in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the fine separation fan in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the first one-way valve in the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1-cabinet shell, 2-sand and gravel separation chamber, 201-first maintenance window, 202-first sealed door, 203-centrifuge, 2031-airflow shell, 203101-second sand outlet, 203102-perforated baffle, 203103-third sand outlet, 2032-air intake bracket, 2033-first rib, 2034-first motor bracket, 2035-first motor, 2036-intake fan blade, 2037-guide cone, 20371-support plate, 20372-cone, 2038-preliminary separation fan, 20381-air inlet, 20382-air outlet, 20383-fan blade, 20384-first sand outlet, 2039-first bearing, 20310-second bearing, 20311-air outlet bracket, 20312-second Rib plate, 20313-second motor bracket, 20314-second motor, 20315-fine separation fan, 203151-first baffle, 203152-second baffle, 203153-perforated separation plate, 203154-sand outlet trough, 203155-air outlet, 204-pressurized fan, 3-sand accumulation chamber, 301-second inspection window, 302-second sealing door, 303-ultrasonic bracket, 304-ultrasonic generator, 305-first one-way valve, 3051-blocking ball, 3052-through hole, 3053-air outlet plate, 306-second one-way valve, 4-temperature adjustment chamber, 401-third inspection window, 402-third sealing door, 403-heat exchanger, 404-first air pipe, 405-second air pipe, 406-pressure relief valve, 5-electrical room. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a summary of the examples of the present invention. Figures 1-10 A clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention is provided. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control, comprising a cabinet housing 1, within which is disposed a grit separation chamber 2. The lower end of the grit separation chamber 2 is connected to a grit collection chamber 3, which in turn is connected to a temperature control chamber 4. The central portion of the cabinet housing 1 houses an electrical room 5. The cabinet housing 1 serves as the external protective structure of the entire power distribution cabinet, providing support and protection for the various functional rooms within, isolating the internal structure of the power distribution cabinet from the external environment and ensuring the effectiveness of internal microenvironment control. The grit separation chamber 2 is the first processing step for external air entering the power distribution cabinet, and it performs the important task of preliminary air treatment, thereby stabilizing the subsequent internal environment, including the electrical room 5. Components such as a centrifugal separator 203 and a pressurized fan 204 separate the airborne sand and gravel from the air through centrifugal force, forcing the air into a sand collection chamber 3. This chamber has a sufficient pressure relief check valve to prevent sand from entering other parts of the distribution cabinet, particularly the electrical compartment 5, thereby preventing damage to electrical components. An ultrasonic generator 304 is located within the sand collection chamber 3, and paraffin vapor that escapes through the pressure relief valve 406 preferentially enters the chamber. The paraffin vapor adheres to the surface of the sand, and the ultrasonic wave aggregates the sand, causing it to settle, further reducing the amount of sand entering the electrical compartment 5. Solid paraffin is placed within the temperature control chamber 4. Its phase change properties absorb the temperature of the air entering the electrical compartment 5, ensuring heat dissipation from the electrical components. This also increases the temperature of the incoming air at night, reducing temperature fluctuations in the electrical compartment 5 and extending the life of the components. The electrical compartment 5 houses electrical distribution equipment.

[0026] like Figure 2As shown, the gravel gathering chamber 3 is a hollow structure, with a second inspection window 301 on the front, a second sealing door 302 installed on the outside of the second inspection window 301, an ultrasonic bracket 303 is bolted to the middle of the gravel gathering chamber 3, an ultrasonic generator 304 is fixed to the middle of the ultrasonic bracket 303, a first one-way valve 305 is bolted to the side of the inside of the gravel gathering chamber 3, and a second one-way valve 306 is bolted to the side of the outside of the gravel gathering chamber 3; the second inspection window 301 facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the gravel gathering chamber 3, and the second sealing door 302 is installed on the outside of the second inspection window 301 The ultrasonic bracket 303 is bolted to the center of the gravel collection chamber 3, providing a mounting base for the ultrasonic generator 304 and ensuring its stable operation. This allows the ultrasonic generator 304 to properly emit ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic generator 304 utilizes the ultrasonic wave's agglomeration effect on sand particles to gather tiny sand particles remaining in the air, making them more likely to settle to the bottom of the gravel collection chamber 3 and reducing the amount of sand entering the electrical room 5. Furthermore, ultrasonic vibrations can also dislodge sand particles adhering to the surface of the centrifuge 203, preventing the centrifuge from carrying internal sand into the power distribution cabinet the next time it is started. The first one-way valve 305 allows air to flow into the electrical room 5, while the second one-way valve 306 allows air to flow out of the electrical room 5. The one-way valves are arranged symmetrically.

[0027] During the sand and gravel accumulation process, the one-way valve is used to divide the airflow into two paths. One path passes through the heat exchanger 403, and the other path enters the electrical room 5 through the one-way valve when the air in the sand and gravel accumulation chamber 3 reaches the threshold. When the one-way valve is not opened, the sand and gravel will gather and move downward with the air to ensure sufficient accumulation and sedimentation time. When the one-way valve is opened, most of the sand and gravel are already at the bottom and will not enter the electrical room 5.

[0028] The distribution cabinet uses paraffin in the temperature regulating chamber 4 to buffer the temperature. When the temperature is high during the day, it can reduce the temperature of the air entering the electrical room 5. In addition, an ultrasonic generator 304 is introduced. The ultrasonic generator 304 mainly has the following functions: 1. When the distribution cabinet is in operation, only the heat dissipation device on one side is in operation, and the other side serves as an air outlet duct, and the two sides operate alternately. On the operating side, the ultrasonic generator 304 mainly vibrates the incoming sand and gravel. The paraffin vapor discharged by the pressure relief valve 406 will remain in the sand and gravel gathering chamber 3. Through the cooperation of the ultrasonic generator, the sand and gravel will agglomerate and settle at the bottom, reducing the amount of sand and gravel entering the electrical room 5.

[0029] 2. On the side that stops running, since the pressurizing fan 204 does not run, the ultrasonic wave part passes through the pressurizing fan 204, such as Figure 2As shown, there is an arc-shaped energy-gathering structure inside the gravel separation chamber 2, which focuses the ultrasonic waves on the centrifuge 203, breaks up the gravel attached to the centrifuge 203, and prevents excessive gravel from gathering on the centrifuge 203 and affecting the separation efficiency of the gravel.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the interior of the gravel separation chamber 2 is a hollow structure with a first inspection window 201 at the front end. A first sealing door 202 is installed outside the first inspection window 201. A centrifuge 203 is fixed to the side of the gravel separation chamber 2, and a pressurized fan 204 is fixed to the bottom of the gravel separation chamber 2. The first inspection window 201 facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the gravel separation chamber 2, allowing internal problems to be observed and addressed without disassembling the entire structure. The first sealing door 202 is installed outside the first inspection window 201 to ensure the sealing of the gravel separation chamber 2 and maintain stable internal air pressure during normal operation, ensuring the proper functioning of equipment such as the centrifuge 203. The centrifuge 203 is the core structure of the gravel separation device, utilizing the centrifugal effect to eject heavier gravel and achieve gravel separation. The pressurized fan 204 is fixed to the bottom of the gravel separation chamber 2 and pressurizes the air processed by the centrifuge 203, allowing the air to pass smoothly through subsequent structures and enter the electrical room 5, ensuring sufficient air circulation within the electrical room 5 and maintaining a stable microenvironment.

[0031] like Figure 4As shown, the centrifugal separator 203 includes an airflow casing 2031 bolted to the side of the gravel separation chamber 2, an air intake bracket 2032 is fixed inside the airflow casing 2031, a first rib 2033 is welded to the side of the air intake bracket 2032, a first motor bracket 2034 is welded to the outside of the first rib 2033, a first motor bracket 2035 is fixed inside the first motor bracket 2034, an air intake fan 2036 is installed on the output shaft of the first motor 2035, a guide cone 2037 is fixed to the side of the air intake fan 2036, a preliminary separation fan 2038 is fixed to the outside of the guide cone 2037, a first bearing 2039 is installed on the right side of the preliminary separation fan 2038, a second bearing 20310 is installed on the left side of the preliminary separation fan 2038, an air outlet bracket 20311 is fixed to the outside of the second bearing 20310, a second rib 20312 is welded to the outside of the second rib 20312 Second motor bracket 20313, a second motor 20314 is fixed inside the second motor bracket 20313, and a fine separation fan 20315 is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor 20314; the airflow casing 2031 serves as the outer shell of the centrifuge 203, providing protection and support for the internal structure, while guiding the direction of the airflow, the air intake bracket 2032 is fixed inside the airflow casing 2031, providing a mounting base for components such as the air intake fan blades 2036, ensuring its stability, so that the air intake fan blades 2036 will not shake when rotating at high speed, ensuring smooth air intake and centrifugal separation effect, the airflow enters the interior of the centrifuge 203 from the annular opening on the side of the air intake bracket 2032, the first rib 2033 is welded to the side of the air intake bracket 2032, to enhance the connection strength between the air intake bracket 2032 and the first motor bracket 2034, improve the overall structural stability, and withstand the force generated by the high-speed rotation of the air intake fan blades 2036. A first motor 2035 is secured within the first motor bracket 2034, providing a mounting position for the first motor 2035 and ensuring stable operation of the first motor 2035 and the proper functioning of the intake fan blades 2036 on its output shaft. The first motor 2035 acts as a power source, driving the intake fan blades 2036 to rotate, allowing external air to enter the centrifuge 203 and providing initial airflow for the subsequent centrifugal separation process. Driven by the first motor 2035, the intake fan blades 2036 rotate, generating suction that draws external air into the centrifuge 203, thus facilitating the centrifugal separation of air.After the sand and gravel hit the guide cone 2037, they will be guided by the guide cone 2037 to the preliminary separation fan blade 2038. The preliminary separation fan blade 2038 will use centrifugal force to throw out the coarser sand and gravel. At the same time, the air is lighter, and part of it will pass through the hole in the center of the preliminary separation fan blade 2038 again. Its conical shape will allow the air to pass along its surface, and the finer sand and gravel will also enter the next fine separation process. The first bearing 2039 and the second bearing 20310 are respectively installed on the right and left sides of the preliminary separation fan 2038 to support the preliminary separation fan 2038 so that it can rotate smoothly and at high speed, reduce friction and vibration during rotation, and ensure the centrifugal separation effect. A second rib 20312 is welded to the outside of the air outlet bracket 20311, providing a mounting base for the fine separation fan 20315 and ensuring its stability, allowing the fine separation fan 20315 to operate normally when driven by the second motor 20314. Air flows out through a circular opening on the side of the air outlet bracket 20311, which also features a circular sand outlet corresponding to the third sand outlet 203103. These sand outlets are relatively common and will not be described in detail here. The second rib 20312 is welded to the outside of the air outlet bracket 20311 to strengthen the connection between the air outlet bracket 20311 and the second motor bracket 20313, thereby withstanding the forces generated by the high-speed rotation of the fine separation fan 20315. The second motor 20314 is fixed within the second motor bracket 20313, providing a mounting position for the second motor 20314 and ensuring its stable operation, ensuring the proper operation of the fine separation fan 20315 on its output shaft. The second motor 20314 acts as a power source to rotate the fine separation fan 20315, further refining the air after the initial separation to improve the air purity. The fine separation fan 20315 has smaller gaps inside, which has a stronger centrifugal effect on the sand and gravel, and can separate smaller sand and gravel particles.

[0032] like Figure 5As shown, the interior of the temperature control chamber 4 is a hollow structure with a third inspection window 401 on the side. A watertight third sealing door 402 is installed outside the third inspection window 401. A heat exchanger 403 is installed inside the temperature control chamber 4. The heat exchanger 403 is provided with a first air pipe 404, a second air pipe 405 is installed at the upper end of the heat exchanger 403, and a pressure relief valve 406 is installed at the upper end of the temperature control chamber 4. The third inspection window 401 facilitates inspection and maintenance of the interior of the temperature control chamber 4 and is used for adding paraffin. The third sealing door 402 is installed outside the third inspection window 401 to ensure the sealing of the temperature control chamber 4 and prevent the paraffin from flowing out after melting. The heat exchanger 403 regulates the air temperature by exchanging heat with the incoming air. The phase change properties of the paraffin material are used to control the internal temperature, ensure that the internal electrical components are well cooled, and reduce the temperature difference between day and night in the electrical room 5. Moreover, paraffin wax in the distribution cabinet not only plays the role of regulating temperature, but also is always in a heat-absorbing state on the air outlet side. A large amount of paraffin wax will be converted into paraffin vapor and discharged from the pressure relief valve 406. As the air flows through the centrifuge 203, it adheres to the blades. When it is operated next time, it can protect the blades in the centrifuge 203 and reduce wear. Because the centrifuge 203 is operated alternately, the paraffin wax can be repeatedly attached after being worn by the sand and gravel, which greatly increases the service life.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, an air inlet 20381 is provided on the left side of the preliminary separation fan 2038, and an air outlet 20382 is provided on the right side of the preliminary separation fan 2038. The diameter of the air inlet 20381 is larger than the diameter of the air outlet 20382. The preliminary separation fan 2038 is provided with fan blades 20383 on the inner circumference, and a first annular sand outlet 20384 is provided on the outer side of the fan blades 20383; the diameter of the air inlet 20381 is larger than the diameter of the air outlet 20382, so that the incoming air can form a pressure difference inside the preliminary separation fan 2038, which helps to accelerate the air. Under the action of centrifugal force, it is more conducive to the preliminary separation of sand and air. At the same time, in cooperation with the guide cone 2037, the sand and gravel can be effectively separated from the air by the fan blades 20383. The first sand outlet 20384 is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the fan blades 20383. When the fan blades 20383 rotate rapidly, the sand and gravel with larger mass will be thrown to the outside of the preliminary separation fan 2038.

[0034] like Figure 7As shown, a support plate 20371 is provided on the outside of the guide cone 2037, and a cone 20372 is fixed at the center of the support plate 20371. The front end of the cone 20372 has a larger taper and the rear end has a smaller taper; the front end of the support plate 20371 is connected to the air intake fan blade 2036 and is driven by the first motor 2035. At the same time, the support plate 20371 is connected to the preliminary separation fan 2038, and at the same time drives the rotation of the preliminary separation fan 2038. When the air intake fan blade 2036 sucks in the air, the cone 20372 will guide the air to the outside into the preliminary separation fan 2038. The mass of the sand and gravel is large, and the air outlet 20382 of the preliminary separation fan 2038 is small. It will remain in the preliminary separation fan 2038 due to inertia and be separated by the fan blade 20383. The air flows along the surface of the guide cone 2037 and enters the next centrifugal separation process.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, a second sand outlet 203101 and a third sand outlet 203103 are provided in the middle of the airflow casing 2031, and a perforated baffle 203102 is provided on the outside of the airflow casing 2031; the second sand outlet 203101 is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the preliminary separation fan 2038, and the third sand outlet 203103 is used to discharge the sand and gravel separated by the fine separation fan 20315; the perforated baffle 203102 is used to prevent impurities with larger diameters from entering the centrifuge 203 and jamming the centrifuge.

[0036] like Figure 9As shown, the fine separation fan 20315 is arc-shaped, with a first baffle 203151 provided on the left side of the end, and a second baffle 203152 provided on the right side. A perforated separation plate 203153 is fixed between the first baffle 203151 and the second baffle 203152. The perforated separation plate 203153 is arranged obliquely, and the second baffle 203152 is provided with a sand outlet trough 203154 at the upper end of the perforated separation plate 203153. An air outlet 203155 is provided at the end of the first baffle 203151. The rotation direction of the fine separation fan 20315 is opposite to that of the preliminary separation fan 2038, so that the incoming air is affected Due to the large centrifugal force, an airflow channel is formed between the first baffle 203151 and the second baffle 203152. Under the centrifugal effect, air flows along the fine separation fan 20315 to the outer blades. Multiple perforated separation plates 203153 are arranged in this airflow channel. When flowing through the perforated separation plates 203153, some sand and gravel are blocked by the perforated separation plates 203153. At this time, under the centrifugal effect, the sand and gravel will flow upward out of the sand outlet 203154. The multiple perforated separation plates 203153 can prevent most of the fine sand and gravel from entering, and finally the air will flow out of the air outlet 203155. Due to the unique structure of the centrifuge 203, the intake air flow rate is inevitably reduced due to loss. The fine separation fan 203151 not only separates the sand and gravel, but also acts as a normal fan blade to draw in air, thereby increasing the flow rate through the centrifuge.

[0037] like Figure 10 As shown, a through hole 3052 is provided at the bottom of the first one-way valve 305, a blocking ball 3051 is placed inside the first one-way valve 305, and an air outlet plate 3053 is provided on the side of the first one-way valve 305; the first one-way valve 305 has the same structure as the second one-way valve 306, but controls the flow direction of the airflow differently. The blocking ball 3051 blocks the through hole 3052. When the pressure on the lower end of the blocking ball 3051 is greater than the gravity of the blocking ball 3051, the through hole 3052 is opened and the air flows out from the air outlet plate 3053.

[0038] Working principle: During operation, only one side of the distribution cabinet functions as the heat dissipation and grit separation mechanism, while the other side serves as an air outlet. Initially, the first motor 2035 rotates the intake fan blades 2036, generating suction that draws outside air into the centrifuge 203. A guide cone 2037, fixed to the side of the intake fan blades 2036, is connected to the intake fan blades 2036 via an outer support plate 20371, driving the rotation of the primary separation fan 2038. The cone 20372 at the center of the guide cone 2037 has a larger taper at the front and a smaller taper at the rear, directing air outward into the primary separation fan 2038. When grit strikes the front of the guide cone 2037, it is guided around by the cone 2037. Inertia then causes it to continue its movement, separating it from the primary separation fan 2038 and entering the fine separation fan 20315. The fine separation fan 20315 rotates in the opposite direction of the primary separation fan 2038, subjecting the incoming air to a greater centrifugal force. Air flows through the airflow channel formed by the first baffle 203151 and the second baffle 203152. As it passes through the perforated separation plate 203153, the sand is blocked and, under the action of centrifugal force, flows upward out of the sand outlet 203154. Air then flows out of the air outlet 203155, and the very fine sand enters the sand collection chamber 3. The ultrasonic generator 304 utilizes the sand-collecting effect of ultrasound to gather the remaining tiny sand in the air, allowing it to more easily settle to the bottom of the sand collection chamber 3. Simultaneously, paraffin vapor discharged from the pressure relief valve 406 in the temperature control chamber 4 preferentially enters the sand collection chamber 3, adhering to the surface of the sand, further promoting sand deposition and reducing the amount of sand entering the electrical compartment 5. During the sand collection process, the airflow is split into two paths by the action of the first and second one-way valves 305 and 306. One route passes through heat exchanger 403, while the other, when the air pressure in gravel accumulation chamber 3 reaches a threshold, passes through first one-way valve 305 and enters electrical compartment 5. When the one-way valve is closed, the gravel accumulates and moves downward with the air, ensuring sufficient time for accumulation and sedimentation. When the one-way valve is open, most of the gravel is already at the bottom and does not enter electrical compartment 5. The air entering heat exchanger 403 exchanges heat with paraffin wax. During daytime hours when the temperature is higher, the paraffin wax in temperature control chamber 4 exchanges heat with the incoming air through heat exchanger 403. The paraffin wax, utilizing its phase change properties, absorbs heat from the air, lowering the temperature of the air entering electrical compartment 5 and ensuring heat dissipation of the electrical components. At night, it heats the air, reducing the temperature difference in electrical compartment 5. The two devices operate alternately, with the solid paraffin wax side serving as the outlet. If both sides are liquid, the alternation is timed.

[0039] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on micro-environment control, characterized in that: The cabinet housing (1) comprises a grit separation chamber (2) provided inside the cabinet housing (1), the grit separation chamber (2) being connected at its lower end to a grit collection chamber (3), the grit collection chamber (3) being connected at its lower end to a temperature regulating chamber (4), and the middle portion of the cabinet housing (1) being an electrical appliance chamber (5); The gravel gathering chamber (3) is a hollow structure, with a second inspection window (301) provided on the front. A second sealing door (302) is installed outside the second inspection window (301). An ultrasonic bracket (303) is fixed to the middle of the gravel gathering chamber (3) by bolts, and an ultrasonic generator (304) is fixed to the middle of the ultrasonic bracket (303). A first one-way valve (305) is fixed to the inner side of the gravel gathering chamber (3) by bolts, and a second one-way valve (306) is fixed to the outer side of the gravel gathering chamber (3) by bolts.

2. A photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the gravel separation chamber (2) is a hollow structure, with a first inspection window (201) provided at the front end, a first sealing door (202) installed outside the first inspection window (201), a centrifugal separator (203) fixed to the side of the gravel separation chamber (2), and a pressurized fan (204) fixed to the bottom of the gravel separation chamber (2).

3. A photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centrifugal separator (203) comprises an airflow casing (2031) bolted to the side of the gravel separation chamber (2), an air intake bracket (2032) is fixed inside the airflow casing (2031), a first rib (2033) is welded to the side of the air intake bracket (2032), a first motor bracket (2034) is welded to the outside of the first rib (2033), a first motor (2035) is fixed inside the first motor bracket (2034), an air intake fan blade (2036) is installed on the output shaft of the first motor (2035), a guide cone (2037) is fixed to the side of the air intake fan blade (2036), and a guide cone (2037) is fixed to the outside of the guide cone (2037). A preliminary separation fan (2038) is provided. A first bearing (2039) is installed on the right side of the preliminary separation fan (2038). A second bearing (20310) is installed on the left side of the preliminary separation fan (2038). An air outlet bracket (20311) is fixed on the outside of the second bearing (20310). A second rib plate (20312) is welded on the outside of the air outlet bracket (20311). A second motor bracket (20313) is welded on the outside of the second rib plate (20312). A second motor bracket (20314) is fixed in the second motor bracket (20313). A fine separation fan (20315) is fixed on the output shaft of the second motor (20314).

4. A photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the temperature regulating chamber (4) is a hollow structure, and a third inspection window (401) is provided on the side. A watertight third sealing door (402) is installed outside the third inspection window (401). A heat exchanger (403) is installed inside the temperature regulating chamber (4), and the heat exchanger (403) is provided with a first air pipe (404). A second air pipe (405) is provided at the upper end of the heat exchanger (403). A pressure relief valve (406) is provided at the upper end of the temperature regulating chamber (4).

5. The photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air inlet (20381) is provided on the left side of the preliminary separation fan (2038), and an air outlet (20382) is provided on the right side of the preliminary separation fan (2038). The diameter of the air inlet (20381) is larger than the diameter of the air outlet (20382). Fan blades (20383) are provided on the inner circumference of the preliminary separation fan (2038), and a first annular sand outlet (20384) is provided on the outer side of the fan blades (20383).

6. The photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 3, characterized in that: A support plate (20371) is provided on the outside of the guide cone (2037), a cone (20372) is fixed at the center of the support plate (20371), and the front end of the cone (20372) has a greater taper than the rear end.

7. The photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second sand outlet (203101) and a third sand outlet (203103) are provided in the middle of the airflow housing (2031), and a baffle plate with holes (203102) is provided on the outside of the airflow housing (2031).

8. The photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fine separation fan (20315) is arc-shaped, with a first baffle (203151) provided on the left side of the end and a second baffle (203152) provided on the right side. A perforated separation plate (203153) is fixed between the first baffle (203151) and the second baffle (203152). The perforated separation plate (203153) is arranged at an angle. The second baffle (203152) is provided with a sand outlet trough (203154) at the upper end of the perforated separation plate (203153). An air outlet (203155) is provided at the end of the first baffle (203151).

9. The photovoltaic power distribution cabinet based on microenvironment control according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole (3052) is provided at the bottom of the first one-way valve (305), a blocking ball (3051) is placed inside the first one-way valve (305), and an air outlet plate (3053) is provided on the side of the first one-way valve (305).

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