Electric power internet of things system based on high-throughput communication satellites

Abstract

According to the electric power Internet of Things system based on the high-throughput communication satellite provided by the invention, different types of data acquisition terminals are arranged to adapt to different working environments, and the data acquisition terminals can automatically perform power control according to service acquisition requirements and changes of the working environments; and the operation mode is switched to the energy-saving mode with the lowest energy consumption in the current scene, so that the data sensing effect is improved while the energy consumption is reduced. A data acquisition terminal at a ground end is accessed to a high-throughput satellite through an Internet of Things satellite access terminal and a satellite transmission subsystem, and the coverage depth of power grid perception is improved by means of the high coverage characteristic of the high-throughput satellite. According to the invention, low-power-consumption design and operation are carried out on the access terminal and the ground station in the system, terminal acquisition coverage in a severe environment is realized, and network resources are scheduled by adopting a dynamic adjustment strategy under low power consumption, so that the coverage depth of a network layer communication access network is improved, and the stability of information transmission is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric power Internet of Things, and in particular to an electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellites. Background Art

[0002] The power grid system has deployed the power IoT perception layer for cross-disciplinary data collection from the same source, achieving full regional and comprehensive coverage of the transmission and distribution IoT perception layer equipment and data collection and monitoring terminals. However, grid operations face challenges such as numerous blind spots in the perception layer, insufficient terminal data collection and monitoring coverage, and insufficient network layer communication access network coverage and bandwidth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellites, which reduces the energy consumption of ground stations while reducing perception blind spots.

[0004] Based on the above objectives, the present application provides a power Internet of Things system based on a high-throughput communication satellite, comprising: a data acquisition and access subsystem, a satellite transmission subsystem, and an application data analysis subsystem arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and a network control and management subsystem connected to the satellite transmission subsystem via a satellite gateway device;

[0005] The data collection and access subsystem is used to classify data collection terminals and assign at least one type of data collection terminal to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal; the data collection terminal is used to collect power production data according to data collection requirements and perform power control and energy-saving mode switching according to the business collection requirements and operating environment; the Internet of Things satellite access terminal processes the power production data collected by different data collection terminals into standardized data packets through an access protocol adaptation mechanism;

[0006] The satellite transmission subsystem is used to determine a communication link between a high-throughput satellite and a ground station, and transmit the standardized data packet to the ground station via the communication link and the high-throughput satellite;

[0007] The network control and management subsystem performs dynamic resource scheduling and link monitoring on the communication link through dynamic time slot allocation technology and network load dynamic adjustment technology, and transmits the standardized data packet to the application data analysis subsystem;

[0008] The application data analysis subsystem is used to determine the power grid perception result according to the standardized data packet, and issue a new data collection requirement according to the power grid perception result.

[0009] Optionally, the Internet of Things satellite access terminal includes a radio frequency and antenna feed subsystem, a modulation and demodulation subsystem, a service processing and control subsystem, a service access subsystem, a device power supply subsystem, a clock synchronization subsystem, and a positioning subsystem;

[0010] The radio frequency and antenna subsystem is used to convert and amplify the radio frequency signal and the intermediate frequency signal in the power production data, and adjust the transmission power of the radio frequency signal and the intermediate frequency signal;

[0011] The modulation and demodulation subsystem is used to encapsulate, decapsulate, digitally modulate and digitally demodulate the business data in the power production data;

[0012] The service processing and control subsystem is used to detect the port traffic of service data access and dynamically change the channel time slot in real time according to the port traffic;

[0013] The service access subsystem is used to provide Ethernet service and serial port service access;

[0014] The device power supply subsystem is used to independently power different subsystems;

[0015] The clock synchronization subsystem is used to synchronize the timestamps of the power production data and the standardized data packets;

[0016] The positioning subsystem is used to add positioning information to the power production data.

[0017] Optionally, the ground station includes at least one user terminal and a gateway station in a cluster;

[0018] The gateway is configured to receive the feed beam of the high-throughput satellite, connect the satellite communication protocol of the high-throughput satellite with the ground network protocol through the satellite gateway device, optimize the standardized data packet carried by the feed beam through the satellite gateway device, and transmit the optimized standardized data packet to the Internet via the Internet; the gateway is also configured to receive ground data from the Internet, upload the ground data to the high-throughput satellite through the feed beam, so that the high-throughput satellite can distribute the ground data to multiple user terminals within the coverage area;

[0019] The user terminal exchanges data with the high-throughput satellite via a user beam;

[0020] The user end includes a user terminal and a high-throughput satellite fixed station.

[0021] Optionally, the communication link includes a forward link from the gateway to the user terminal and a return link from the user terminal to the gateway; wherein the forward link includes a feed uplink from the gateway to the high-throughput satellite and a user downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the user terminal; the return link includes a user uplink from the user terminal to the high-throughput satellite and a feed downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the gateway.

[0022] Optionally, the forward link dynamically allocates resources through the beam hopping technology of the high-throughput satellite, and allocates the power, frequency and time resources of the high-throughput satellite according to the service demands of multiple user terminals within the coverage area of the high-throughput satellite by quickly switching the beam pointing and activation time.

[0023] Optionally, the satellite transmission subsystem includes a high-throughput satellite fixed station; the high-throughput satellite fixed station uploads the standardized data packet to the high-throughput satellite through a multi-spot beam, and sends the new data acquisition requirements forwarded by the high-throughput satellite to the data acquisition and access subsystem.

[0024] Optionally, the network control and management subsystem includes a gateway server connected to the satellite gateway device; the gateway server is deployed with a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, and the multi-frequency time division multiple access system is used to dynamically allocate satellite real-time resources through multi-frequency time division multiple access technology.

[0025] Optionally, the gateway server includes a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, and the multi-frequency time division multiple access system includes a central station and multiple remote stations;

[0026] The central station is used to send a forward carrier to the forward repeater of the high-throughput satellite, so that the forward repeater distributes the satellite real-time resources to the remote station according to the forward carrier;

[0027] The multiple remote stations are used to send return carriers of different frequency bands and different time slots to the return transponders of the high-throughput satellite, so that the return transponders can transmit information back to the central station.

[0028] Optionally, the remote station is also used to determine its own current bandwidth status, and send data packets according to a default sending order when the bandwidth status is an idle state; when the bandwidth status is a congested state, determine a priority queue, a suboptimal queue and a Best Effort queue with priorities from high to low according to the current service type, and send data packets according to the arrangement order of the data packets in the priority queue, send data packets according to the arrangement order of the suboptimal queue after the priority queue is sent, and send data packets according to the arrangement order of the Best Effort queue after the suboptimal queue is sent.

[0029] Optionally, the data acquisition terminal includes a field acquisition component, an intelligent business terminal, a local communication access, and an edge IoT agent; the field acquisition component is connected to the IoT satellite access terminal via a 485 bus communication method; the intelligent business terminal is connected to the IoT satellite access terminal via a LoRa method; the local communication access is connected to the IoT satellite access terminal via an IP network protocol; and the edge IoT agent is connected to the IoT satellite access terminal via an NB-IOT method.

[0030] From the above, it can be seen that the electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite provided by this application adapts to different operating environments by setting different types of data acquisition terminals. The data acquisition terminal can automatically control power according to business acquisition requirements and changes in the operating environment, and switch the operating mode to the energy-saving mode with the lowest energy consumption in the current scenario to avoid power outages of the data acquisition terminal, so as to ensure the continuity of data perception and improve the data perception effect while reducing energy consumption. Through the Internet of Things satellite access terminal and the satellite transmission subsystem, the ground-side data acquisition terminal is connected to the high-throughput satellite, and the high coverage characteristics of the high-throughput satellite are used to improve the coverage depth of power grid perception. The satellite link can carry business under different variable load conditions, ensuring that the communication performance between the satellite and the ground station is always in the best state, ensuring the reliable operation of the electric power Internet of Things. After accessing the high-throughput satellite, the network control and management subsystem dynamically schedules resources and monitors the link of the communication link through dynamic time slot allocation technology and dynamic network load adjustment technology to ensure the stability of communication between the ground station and the high-throughput satellite and avoid the problem of insufficient bandwidth during the transmission of standardized data packets. After standardized data packets reach the application data analysis subsystem via satellite and ground stations, they are used to determine grid perception results based on the standardized data. Based on these results, new data collection requirements are issued, enabling control and perception of the entire grid system. The access terminals and ground stations in the system are designed and operated with low power consumption to achieve terminal data collection coverage in harsh environments. Dynamic adjustment strategies are used to schedule network resources while maintaining low power consumption, thereby increasing the coverage depth of the network layer communication access network and ensuring the stability of information transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power Internet of Things system based on a high-throughput communication satellite according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the access terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a star-type networking dual-hop communication mode of a high-throughput communication satellite according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the beam hopping principle and transponder of the high-throughput satellite system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the MF-TDMA multi-frequency time division multiple access system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the data queue sending model of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, this application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0040] It should be understood herein that any number of elements in the drawings is for illustration only and not for limitation, and any naming is only for distinction and does not have any limiting meaning.

[0041] Based on the description of the above background technology, the following situations also exist in the related art:

[0042] The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices coupled via the internet. By integrating advanced devices to facilitate connectivity, automation, and real-time tracking, it connects multiple systems for energy production, transmission, storage, distribution, and utilization. The declining production costs of terminal devices or sensor nodes are further stimulating the adoption of IoT networks, facilitating the large-scale deployment of such networks. Currently, power grid systems have deployed the power IoT perception layer for cross-disciplinary data collection from the same source, achieving full regional and comprehensive coverage of the transmission and distribution IoT perception layer devices and data collection and monitoring terminals.

[0043] However, power grid operations face numerous blind spots at the perception layer, insufficient terminal data collection and monitoring coverage, and insufficient network access network coverage and bandwidth. Furthermore, the IoT differs from traditional office and government networks in that it possesses the following characteristics: 1. The data volume of access devices is enormous; 2. It prioritizes the security of power IoT terminals; 3. Most terminals are embedded devices with very limited computing resources, making it difficult to rapidly establish IoT security; and 4. The heterogeneity of terminals requires wireless narrowband communication.

[0044] High-throughput satellite communication technology has developed rapidly. Technologies such as flexible payloads, advanced modulation, and multi-beam antennas have increased data throughput while reducing system costs. High-throughput satellite communication technology can be combined with the power Internet of Things (IoT) to mitigate operational issues within the power grid. However, the high-throughput power satellite IoT faces challenges in large-scale and flexible networking. Furthermore, due to harsh environments such as high and low temperatures, high altitudes, rain and snow, the power supply methods, computing power, and technologies for stable satellite signal transmission of existing equipment are all affected. This results in a poor integration of high-throughput satellites with the IoT, leading to numerous blind spots at the perception layer, insufficient terminal data collection and monitoring coverage, and insufficient network layer communication access network coverage and bandwidth during grid operation.

[0045] The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite provided in the embodiment of the present application adapts to different operating environments by setting different types of data acquisition terminals. The data acquisition terminal can automatically control power according to changes in business acquisition requirements and operating environment, and switch the operating mode to the energy-saving mode with the lowest energy consumption in the current scenario to avoid power outages of the data acquisition terminal, so as to ensure the continuity of data perception and improve the data perception effect while reducing energy consumption. The data acquisition terminal on the ground side is connected to the high-throughput satellite through the Internet of Things satellite access terminal and the satellite transmission subsystem. The coverage depth of power grid perception is improved by means of the high coverage characteristics of the high-throughput satellite. The satellite link can carry business under different variable load conditions, ensuring that the communication performance between the satellite and the ground station is always in the best state, and ensuring the reliable operation of the electric power Internet of Things. After accessing the high-throughput satellite, the network control and management subsystem dynamically schedules resources and monitors the link of the communication link through dynamic time slot allocation technology and dynamic network load adjustment technology to ensure the stability of communication between the ground station and the high-throughput satellite and avoid the problem of insufficient bandwidth during the transmission of standardized data packets. After standardized data packets reach the application data analysis subsystem via satellite and ground stations, they are used to determine grid perception results based on the standardized data. Based on these results, new data collection requirements are issued, enabling control and perception of the entire grid system. The access terminals and ground stations in the system are designed and operated with low power consumption to achieve terminal data collection coverage in harsh environments. Dynamic adjustment strategies are used to schedule network resources while maintaining low power consumption, thereby increasing the coverage depth of the network layer communication access network and ensuring the stability of information transmission.

[0046] The following describes in detail the power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite provided by the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0047] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, a power Internet of Things system based on a high-throughput communication satellite includes: a data acquisition and access subsystem, a satellite transmission subsystem and an application data analysis subsystem arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and a network control and management subsystem connected to the satellite transmission subsystem through a satellite gateway device; wherein, the "bottom-up" refers to the relative position between each device when transmitting data, and is not used to limit a device to be above or below another device.

[0048] The data collection and access subsystem is used to classify data collection terminals and assign at least one type of data collection terminal to the IoT satellite access terminal. The data collection terminal is used to collect power production data according to data collection requirements and perform power control and energy-saving mode switching based on business collection requirements and operating environment. The IoT satellite access terminal processes the power production data collected by different data collection terminals into standardized data packets through the access protocol adaptation mechanism.

[0049] The satellite transmission subsystem is used to determine the communication link between the high-throughput satellite and the ground station, and transmit the standardized data packet to the ground station through the communication link and the high-throughput satellite;

[0050] The network control and management subsystem dynamically schedules resources and monitors communication links through dynamic time slot allocation technology and dynamic network load adjustment technology, and transmits standardized data packets to the application data analysis subsystem;

[0051] The application data analysis subsystem is used to determine the grid perception results based on the standardized data packets and issue new data collection requirements based on the grid perception results.

[0052] During specific implementation, the electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite includes a data acquisition and access subsystem, a satellite transmission subsystem, a network control and management subsystem, and an application data analysis subsystem; among them, the data acquisition and access subsystem and the satellite transmission subsystem are connected to each other through the Internet of Things satellite access terminal; a satellite gateway device is set in the satellite transmission subsystem, and the satellite gateway device is connected to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal, and transmits the data to several servers of the application data analysis subsystem through the high-throughput satellite communication network. At the same time, the network control and management subsystem regulates the satellite gateway device of the satellite transmission subsystem through the gateway server to confirm the communication mode of the satellite network.

[0053] The data acquisition and access subsystem, satellite transmission subsystem, and network control and management subsystem collaborate efficiently through closed-loop data flows and control flows, enabling efficient perception and stable transmission of power production data. The data flow is as follows: terminal data acquisition → satellite communication transmission → ground station network routing → cloud-based data analysis → application-side decision feedback. The control flow is as follows: network management dynamically schedules channel resources → satellite adjusts feeder and user beams → terminals activate corresponding functional modules on demand → application-side analysis results drive service optimization.

[0054] The data collection and access subsystem includes various types of data collection terminals, corresponding to different data sources. These terminals include field collection components, intelligent business terminals, local communication access terminals, and edge IoT agents. Field collection components connect to IoT satellite access terminals via 485 bus communication, intelligent business terminals connect to IoT satellite access terminals via LoRa, local communication access terminals connect to IoT satellite access terminals via IP network protocols, and edge IoT agents connect to IoT satellite access terminals via NB-IoT.

[0055] IoT satellite access terminals are key nodes connecting satellite networks with terrestrial IoT devices. They transmit power production data collected by IoT data collection terminals to the cloud or ground control center via satellite links. They also support remote command issuance and device management to manage the operation of different data collection terminals. IoT satellite access terminals feature low power consumption, miniaturization, and multi-mode communication (e.g., satellite + terrestrial network), making them suitable for remote areas without terrestrial network coverage or mobile scenarios.

[0056] Since IoT satellite access terminals are generally deployed in outdoor environments and are usually powered by solar or wind power, it is necessary to reduce the operating power consumption of IoT satellite access terminals to ensure their normal and reliable operation. To meet the demand for low power consumption, the following designs are made for IoT satellite access terminals:

[0057] 1. At the physical level, the IoT satellite access terminal is divided into modules. Each module can be flexibly powered independently. One or more modules can be enabled separately according to business needs, while other modules not related to business needs can remain closed, thereby avoiding the extra energy consumption caused by having to enable all modules at the same time. This ensures that the IoT satellite access terminal can normally execute business needs while reducing operating energy consumption.

[0058] 2. For the hardware structure of each module, low-power devices are given priority to reduce the working power consumption and static power consumption of each hardware unit to ensure the long-term stable operation of the IoT satellite access terminal in harsh environments.

[0059] 3. For the main controller of the Internet of Things satellite access terminal, a wake-up mode is set based on the normal operation mode. The wake-up mode enters the sleep state when there is no business demand, and enters the wake-up state from the sleep state when there is business demand. The required modules are powered according to business needs to reduce energy consumption during standby.

[0060] 4. Add a traffic detection function to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal to collect the port traffic of the access port of different data terminals and dynamically change the channel time slot in real time according to the port traffic. When the port traffic is large, the channel time slot will not be changed to ensure the smoothness of data transmission. When the port traffic is small, the allocation of channel time slots will be reduced to reduce communication energy consumption.

[0061] 5. An amplifier switch is provided to control the opening and closing of different modules according to business needs, and is used in conjunction with the sub-module setting structure to reduce energy consumption during idle time.

[0062] 6. Add a transmission power adjustment function to adjust the transmission power of RF signals and IF signals according to business needs during signal transmission, avoiding energy waste caused by sending signals with a single fixed power.

[0063] Based on the above low-power design, the structure of the IoT satellite access terminal is as follows:

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, the IoT satellite access terminal includes a radio frequency and antenna feed subsystem, a modulation and demodulation subsystem, a service processing and control subsystem, a service access subsystem, a device power supply subsystem, a clock synchronization subsystem, and a positioning subsystem.

[0065] The RF and antenna subsystem is used to convert and amplify the RF and IF signals in the power production data, and adjust the transmission power of the RF and IF signals;

[0066] The modulation and demodulation subsystem is used to encapsulate, decapsulate, digitally modulate and demodulate the business data in the power production data;

[0067] The business processing and control subsystem is used to detect the port traffic of business data access and dynamically change the channel time slot in real time according to the port traffic;

[0068] The service access subsystem is used to provide Ethernet service and serial port service access;

[0069] The equipment power supply subsystem is used to independently power different subsystems;

[0070] The clock synchronization subsystem is used to synchronize the timestamps of power production data and standardized data packets;

[0071] The positioning subsystem is used to add positioning information to power production data.

[0072] During specific implementation, the RF and antenna subsystem is used to convert and amplify the RF signals and intermediate frequency signals in the power production data, and the transmission power adjustment function is deployed in the RF and antenna subsystem to adjust the transmission power of the RF signals and intermediate frequency signals according to business needs, ensuring stable communication with high-throughput satellites while reducing communication energy consumption.

[0073] The modulation and demodulation subsystem is used to adapt the access protocol for power production data sent by different types of data collection terminals. The modulation and demodulation subsystem is compatible with protocols such as Long Range (LoRa), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Internet Protocol (IP) and Beidou short message. It encapsulates data packets through high-throughput satellites, supports multi-mode communication (satellite + ground network), and adapts to the needs of different scenarios (such as low power consumption or narrowband communication); supports satellite frequency bands such as Tiantong, Beidou, and Iridium to achieve global coverage of data transmission. Since the signal travel for data transmission between the ground and satellite is different from the signal form of data transmission between ground terminals, it is necessary to digitally modulate and digitally demodulate the data passing through the IoT satellite access terminal to achieve data transmission between terminal-satellite-cloud.

[0074] The traffic detection function is deployed in the business processing and control subsystem, enabling the business processing and control subsystem to detect the port traffic of different business data access and dynamically change the channel time slot in real time according to the port traffic. When the port traffic is large, the channel time slot is not changed to ensure the smoothness of data transmission. When the port traffic is small, the allocation of channel time slots is reduced to reduce communication energy consumption.

[0075] While transmitting information through high-throughput satellites, other communication methods can also be selected for scenarios with better degradation environments. Therefore, access to Ethernet and serial port services is retained through the service access subsystem.

[0076] After the IoT satellite access terminal is physically divided into modules, each module can be flexibly powered independently. One or more modules can be enabled based on business needs, while other modules not related to business needs can remain disabled. This avoids the additional energy consumption caused by having to enable all modules simultaneously, ensuring that the IoT satellite access terminal can normally perform business needs while reducing operating energy consumption. The device power supply subsystem uses power amplifier switches to independently power the RF and antenna subsystem, modem subsystem, service processing and control subsystem, service access subsystem, clock synchronization subsystem, and positioning subsystem to save energy.

[0077] When using high-throughput satellites for data forwarding and transmission, clock synchronization is required to ensure system coordination, data consistency and operational reliability. The clock synchronization subsystem is used to synchronize the timestamps of power production data and standardized data packets to achieve clock synchronization during data transmission; the positioning subsystem is used to add positioning information to power production data, so that the fault location can be quickly located when a fault occurs, and corresponding fault repair can be achieved.

[0078] The data collection and access subsystem and the IoT satellite access terminal realize the collection and access of power production data. That is, the collected power production data is standardized and compressed into table-converted data packets, such as JSON or binary streams. This corresponds to the data collection and access stage of the entire data transmission process, and then enters the satellite transmission stage of data transmission.

[0079] The satellite transmission phase is achieved through a satellite transmission subsystem, designed to include a gateway consisting of high-throughput satellite fixed stations and heterogeneous IoT satellite access terminals. The satellite transmission subsystem connects to high-throughput satellites via high-throughput satellite fixed stations on the ground. High-throughput satellite fixed stations are less susceptible to environmental impact, offer low communication costs, and enable unattended operation, ensuring proper operation in harsh environmental conditions such as strong winds, extreme temperatures, rain, and snow. The high-throughput satellite fixed station system utilizes a TDM / TDMA communication architecture, offering flexible networking and easy expansion. It features data transmission, remote control, and real-time alarming, ensuring low power consumption while enabling cost-effective access for perception-layer terminals.

[0080] A high-throughput satellite (HTS) is a communication satellite with a communication capacity several times or even dozens of times higher than that of a conventional communication satellite under the condition of using the same frequency resources. Its main features include communication technologies such as frequency reuse and multi-spot beams.

[0081] Satellite communications uplinks interfere with 6GHz microwave systems, while downlinks are subject to interference from 4GHz microwave systems. High-throughput satellite fixed station communications use the C-band and Ku-band to communicate with high-throughput satellites. The C-band offers relatively stable transmission and mature equipment technology. The Ku-band offers abundant spectrum resources and minimizes mutual interference with terrestrial microwave systems.

[0082] After the data is transmitted to the satellite through the high-throughput satellite fixed station, communication between the high-throughput satellite and the ground station is required. The satellite transmission subsystem can determine the communication link between the high-throughput satellite and the ground station, and transmit the standardized data packet to the ground station through the communication link and the high-throughput satellite.

[0083] In some embodiments, the ground station includes at least one user terminal and a gateway station in a cluster;

[0084] The gateway station is used to receive the feed beam of the high-throughput satellite, connect the satellite communication protocol of the high-throughput satellite with the ground network protocol through the satellite gateway device, optimize the standardized data packets carried by the feed beam through the satellite gateway device, and transmit the optimized standardized data packets to the Internet via the Internet. It is also used to receive ground data from the Internet and upload the ground data to the high-throughput satellite through the feed beam, so that the high-throughput satellite can distribute the ground data to multiple user terminals within the coverage area.

[0085] The user end exchanges data with the high-throughput satellite through the user beam; the user end includes the user terminal and the high-throughput satellite fixed station.

[0086] In specific implementation, in the high-throughput satellite system, the gateway station, high-throughput satellite fixed station and user terminal are the three core components, which respectively play the roles of backbone hub, high-bandwidth access and terminal connection.

[0087] The gateway serves as the hub between satellites and terrestrial networks, serving as the core ground infrastructure of the high-throughput satellite system. It is responsible for data exchange between satellites and the terrestrial internet / private network. It centrally manages satellite beams, spectrum allocation, and bandwidth scheduling, ensuring the efficient operation of the high-throughput satellite system. The gateway is capable of high-frequency communications, using Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) or Q / V-band frequencies to communicate with satellites via feed beams, supporting ultra-high capacity (e.g., tens of Gbps). The gateway also features a large-scale antenna system, equipped with 3-10 meter aperture antennas, high-power amplifiers, and low-noise amplifiers to ensure stable signal transmission over long distances. The gateway also provides protocol conversion and optimization capabilities, with a built-in satellite gateway device. This device connects to the network management server in the network control and management subsystem, converting between terrestrial and satellite protocols and enabling scheduling of communication modes. When communicating with high-throughput satellites, the gateway implements dynamic resource scheduling, monitors user beam loads in real time, and dynamically allocates bandwidth (for example, to prioritize video streaming and emergency communications).

[0088] High-throughput satellite fixed stations provide large-capacity satellite connections for fixed scenarios (such as data collection terminals), communicate with satellites through Ku / Ka band user beams, support high-throughput services, and are suitable for data transmission between the power Internet of Things and satellites.

[0089] User terminals provide satellite connections for individuals or small users, and interact with high-throughput satellites through user beams.

[0090] After confirming that the ground station includes the gateway station and the user terminal, the communication link between the high-throughput communication satellite and the ground station is as follows:

[0091] In some embodiments, as Figure 3As shown, the communication link includes a forward link from the gateway to the user end and a return link from the user end to the gateway; wherein, the forward link includes a feed uplink from the gateway to the high-throughput satellite and a user downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the user end; the return link includes a user uplink from the user end to the high-throughput satellite and a feed downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the gateway.

[0092] High-throughput communication satellites communicate with ground stations using a star-shaped dual-hop communication mode. The communication link includes a forward link from the gateway to the user end (which includes user terminals and high-throughput satellite fixed stations) and a return link from the user end to the gateway. The forward link consists of two parts: a feeder uplink from the gateway to the satellite and a user downlink from the satellite to the user end. The return link consists of two parts: a user uplink from the user end to the satellite and a feeder downlink from the satellite to the gateway. The gateway implements intra-beam communication in clusters.

[0093] The dual-hop communication mode refers to the use of strip beams for communication in both the return link and the forward link. Beam hopping can reasonably allocate beam resources according to the different business needs of different areas of the high-throughput satellite. When the business volume in a certain area is large, the number of time slots can be increased. When the business volume becomes smaller, the number of time slots in the area can be reduced accordingly, thereby improving the resource utilization efficiency of the entire system.

[0094] In some embodiments, the forward link dynamically allocates resources through the high-throughput satellite's beam-hopping technology, and by quickly switching beam pointing and activation time, allocates the high-throughput satellite's power, frequency, and time resources according to the service demands of multiple user terminals within the coverage area of the high-throughput satellite.

[0095] Among them, the (forward link) beam hopping principle and transponder schematic diagram are as follows Figure 4 As shown, beam hopping is a dynamic resource allocation technology in satellite communications. By rapidly switching beam pointing and activation time, the satellite's power, frequency, and time resources are allocated on demand to adapt to the spatial and temporal imbalances of user needs. Flexible resource allocation within the satellite's coverage area significantly improves spectrum efficiency and system capacity. The onboard antenna is a full-coverage multi-beam antenna, but transponder resources are time-shared across multiple beams. Essentially, the signal hops between different beams, but from a user's perspective, it's a beam-hopping system.

[0096] For example, Figure 4As shown in the figure, a high-throughput satellite receives the feed beam from the gateway via a feed link antenna and amplifies the feed beam through a feed uplink receiver and a traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA). This generates four user beams: Beam 1, Beam 2, Beam 3, and Beam 4. The beam hopping controller uses a high-power control component to control the number of time slots for each user beam. If the traffic volume in the satellite coverage area corresponding to Beam 1 is high, the number of time slots for Beam 1 is increased. If the traffic volume in the satellite coverage area corresponding to Beam 2 is low, the number of time slots for Beam 2 is reduced.

[0097] In some embodiments, the satellite transmission subsystem includes a high-throughput satellite fixed station; the high-throughput satellite fixed station uploads standardized data packets to the high-throughput satellite through multi-spot beams, and sends new data collection requirements forwarded by the high-throughput satellite to the data collection and access subsystem.

[0098] Among them, for the forward link, the high-throughput satellite fixed station uploads standardized data packets to the high-throughput satellite through multi-point beams, so that the high-throughput satellite can transmit them to other user terminals and signal gateways to realize the perception of the power grid; for the return link, it receives new data collection requirements sent by the user terminal and forwarded by the high-throughput satellite, and distributes the task collection requirements to different types of data collection terminals through corresponding communication methods to realize business control of the data collection terminals.

[0099] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the network control and management subsystem includes a gateway server connected to the satellite gateway device; the gateway server is deployed with a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, which is used to dynamically allocate satellite real-time resources through multi-frequency time division multiple access technology.

[0100] Among them, Multi-Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MF-TDMA) technology is a hybrid multiple access technology that combines frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). It is primarily used to improve the capacity and flexibility of wireless communication systems. Multi-frequency refers to the fact that MF-TDMA systems operate simultaneously on multiple frequency bands (or carriers). TDMA means that each frequency band is divided into multiple time slots, and different user terminals share the same frequency band by being assigned different time slots. Frequency bands and time slots are dynamically allocated based on user needs, enabling flexible resource scheduling and dynamic resource allocation.

[0101] In some embodiments, the gateway server comprises a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, the multi-frequency time division multiple access system comprising a central station and a plurality of remote stations;

[0102] The central station is used to send forward carrier waves to the forward transponders of the forward high-throughput satellite, so that the forward transponders can distribute satellite real-time resources to remote stations based on the forward carrier waves.

[0103] Multiple remote stations are used to send return carriers of different frequency bands and time slots to the return transponders of the high-throughput satellite, so that the return transponders can transmit information back to the central station.

[0104] Among them, the structural diagram of the multi-frequency time division multiple access system is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it includes a central station and several remote stations.

[0105] The central station sends at least one forward carrier to the forward repeater of the high-throughput satellite through the built-in master station. The forward repeater works simultaneously on different forward carriers and divides each forward carrier into multiple time slots. Time slots of the same forward carrier are allocated to different users according to user needs. Different user terminals share the same forward carrier by allocating different time slots, thereby distributing satellite real-time resources to remote stations.

[0106] For the return link, multiple remote stations are used to send return carriers of different frequency bands and different time slots to the return transponder of the high-throughput satellite, merge the different time slots of the same carrier, and transmit the merged return carrier back to the central station to realize information backhaul from the remote station to the central station.

[0107] In an MF-TDMA system, each carrier is used in time division. The carrier rate of each carrier can be the same or different, and even the carrier rates of different time slots on the same carrier can be different. This lower carrier rate significantly reduces the transmission capacity requirements of user terminals. By combining carriers of different rates, a satellite communication system can be constructed that is compatible with both large and small user terminals and offers flexible networking capabilities.

[0108] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 As shown, the remote station is also used to determine its own current bandwidth status, and send data packets according to the default sending order when the bandwidth status is idle; when the bandwidth status is congested, it determines the priority queue, suboptimal queue and Best Effort queue in descending order of priority according to the current service type, and sends data packets according to the arrangement order of data packets in the priority queue, and sends data packets according to the arrangement order of the suboptimal queue after the priority queue is sent, and sends data packets according to the arrangement order of the Best Effort queue after the suboptimal queue is sent.

[0109] When the remote station transmits information back, it also needs to ensure its own quality of service (QoS). Quality of service refers to the degree to which the network meets the user's communication needs. Each data packet sent by the remote station will be classified into a service type. A single service type can represent a single application or a certain type of application (such as TCP-based services). A single service type can be composed of multiple rules. The data packet scheduling module sends IP data based on priority and IP packet classification results. When the remote station has enough bandwidth to provide to all applications, the data packets are sent in the default sending order without noticeable delay. In this case, there is no obvious difference between priority configuration and sequential sending.

[0110] When a remote station lacks sufficient bandwidth to support different applications in a queue, the remote station's scheduling module determines which data packets need to be sent based on the service type. The network management system defines service types, each of which is divided into three queues: priority queue, secondary queue, and best-effort queue. The best-effort queue is a queue that does not guarantee quality of service during resource scheduling or task processing but strives to complete tasks. The best-effort queue is suitable for applications that require flexibility and low cost, but do not require high real-time performance or reliability.

[0111] When sending packets, packets are first sent according to the order of packets in the priority queue. After the priority queue is fully sent, packets are sent according to the order of packets in the sub-priority queue. After the sub-priority queue is fully sent, packets are sent according to the order of packets in the best-effort queue. That is, after the priority queue is cleared, the remote station's transmitter begins sending packets in the sub-priority queue. After the sub-priority queue is cleared, the best-effort queue begins sending packets. Priority queues are divided into broadcast packets, P1 packets, and P2 packets, with priority defined as broadcast packets > P1 > P2. This prioritizes the transmission of important packets, ensuring quality of service during communication.

[0112] It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present application can be performed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied in a distributed scenario and performed by multiple devices working together. In such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices may only perform one or more steps of the method of the embodiment of the present application, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method.

[0113] It should be noted that the above description is limited to some embodiments of the present application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in an order different from that described in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0114] It is understandable that before using the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present disclosure, the type, scope of use, usage scenarios, etc. of the personal information involved will be informed to the user in an appropriate manner, and the user's authorization will be obtained.

[0115] For example, in response to a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to clearly inform the user that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose whether to provide personal information to the electronic device, application, server, storage medium, or other software or hardware that performs the operation of the disclosed technical solution based on the prompt message.

[0116] As an optional but non-limiting implementation, in response to a user's active request, the prompt information may be sent to the user in the form of a pop-up window, in which the prompt information may be presented in text form. Furthermore, the pop-up window may also contain a selection control for the user to select "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0117] It is understandable that the above notification and user authorization process are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation of the present disclosure. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of the present disclosure.

[0118] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0119] In addition, for simplicity of description and discussion, and in order not to make the embodiment of the application difficult to understand, the known power supply / ground connection with integrated circuit (IC) chip and other components may or may not be shown in the accompanying drawings provided. In addition, the device can be shown in the form of a block diagram to avoid making the embodiment of the application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the following fact, that is, the details of the embodiment of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform to be implemented in the embodiment of the application (that is, these details should be fully within the scope of understanding of those skilled in the art). When specific details (for example, circuit) are set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of the application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment of the application can be implemented without these specific details or when these specific details are changed. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0120] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may utilize the embodiments discussed.

[0121] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the present application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition and access subsystem, satellite transmission subsystem and application data analysis subsystem are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the network control and management subsystem is connected to the satellite transmission subsystem through a satellite gateway device; The data collection and access subsystem is used to classify data collection terminals and assign at least one type of data collection terminal to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal; the data collection terminal is used to collect power production data according to data collection requirements and perform power control and energy-saving mode switching according to the business collection requirements and operating environment; the Internet of Things satellite access terminal processes the power production data collected by different data collection terminals into standardized data packets through an access protocol adaptation mechanism; The satellite transmission subsystem is used to determine a communication link between a high-throughput satellite and a ground station, and transmit the standardized data packet to the ground station via the communication link and the high-throughput satellite; The network control and management subsystem performs dynamic resource scheduling and link monitoring on the communication link through dynamic time slot allocation technology and network load dynamic adjustment technology, and transmits the standardized data packet to the application data analysis subsystem; The application data analysis subsystem is used to determine the power grid perception result according to the standardized data packet, and issue a new data collection requirement according to the power grid perception result.

2. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Internet of Things satellite access terminal includes a radio frequency and antenna feed subsystem, a modulation and demodulation subsystem, a service processing and control subsystem, a service access subsystem, an equipment power supply subsystem, a clock synchronization subsystem, and a positioning subsystem; The radio frequency and antenna feed subsystem is used to convert and amplify the radio frequency signal and the intermediate frequency signal in the power production data, and adjust the transmission power of the radio frequency signal and the intermediate frequency signal; The modulation and demodulation subsystem is used to encapsulate, decapsulate, digitally modulate and digitally demodulate the business data in the power production data; The service processing and control subsystem is used to detect the port traffic of service data access and dynamically change the channel time slot in real time according to the port traffic; The service access subsystem is used to provide Ethernet service and serial port service access; The device power supply subsystem is used to independently power different subsystems; The clock synchronization subsystem is used to synchronize the timestamps of the power production data and the standardized data packets; The positioning subsystem is used to add positioning information to the power production data.

3. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ground station includes at least one user terminal and a gateway station in a cluster; The gateway is used to receive the feed beam of the high-throughput satellite, connect the satellite communication protocol of the high-throughput satellite with the ground network protocol through the satellite gateway device, optimize the standardized data packet carried by the feed beam through the satellite gateway device, and transmit the optimized standardized data packet to the Internet through the Internet; The system is further configured to receive ground data from the Internet and upload the ground data to the high-throughput satellite via a feed beam, so that the high-throughput satellite distributes the ground data to multiple user terminals within a coverage area; The user terminal exchanges data with the high-throughput satellite through a user beam; The user end includes a user terminal and a high-throughput satellite fixed station.

4. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The communication link includes a forward link from the gateway to the user terminal and a return link from the user terminal to the gateway; wherein the forward link includes a feed uplink from the gateway to the high-throughput satellite and a user downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the user terminal; the return link includes a user uplink from the user terminal to the high-throughput satellite and a feed downlink from the high-throughput satellite to the gateway.

5. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The forward link dynamically allocates resources through the beam hopping technology of the high-throughput satellite, and allocates the power, frequency and time resources of the high-throughput satellite according to the service demands of multiple user terminals within the coverage area of the high-throughput satellite by quickly switching the beam pointing and activation time.

6. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The satellite transmission subsystem includes a high-throughput satellite fixed station; the high-throughput satellite fixed station uploads the standardized data packet to the high-throughput satellite through a multi-spot beam, and sends the new data collection requirements forwarded by the high-throughput satellite to the data collection and access subsystem.

7. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network control and management subsystem includes a gateway server connected to the satellite gateway device; The gateway server is deployed with a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, and the multi-frequency time division multiple access system is used to dynamically allocate satellite real-time resources through multi-frequency time division multiple access technology.

8. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gateway server includes a multi-frequency time division multiple access system, and the multi-frequency time division multiple access system includes a central station and multiple remote stations; The central station is used to send a forward carrier to the forward repeater of the high-throughput satellite, so that the forward repeater distributes the satellite real-time resources to the remote station according to the forward carrier; The multiple remote stations are used to send return carriers of different frequency bands and different time slots to the return transponders of the high-throughput satellite, so that the return transponders can transmit information back to the central station.

9. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 8, characterized in that: The remote station is further configured to determine its own current bandwidth status, and to send data packets according to a default sending order when the bandwidth status is an idle state; and to determine a priority queue, a suboptimal queue, and a Best Effort queue with priorities from high to low according to the current service type when the bandwidth status is a congested state, and to send data packets according to the arrangement order of the data packets in the priority queue, and to send data packets according to the arrangement order of the suboptimal queue after the priority queue has been sent, and to send data packets according to the arrangement order of the Best Effort queue after the suboptimal queue has been sent.

10. The electric power Internet of Things system based on high-throughput communication satellite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition terminal includes a field acquisition component, an intelligent business terminal, a local communication access, and an edge IoT agent; The on-site collection component is connected to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal via a 485 bus communication method; the smart business terminal is connected to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal via a LoRa method; the local communication access is connected to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal via an IP network protocol; and the edge Internet of Things agent is connected to the Internet of Things satellite access terminal via an NB-IOT method.

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