A small generator

Abstract

The application discloses a small generator and relates to the technical field of generators.The generator comprises a shell, double-end heat dissipation ventilation holes, a shieldable permanent magnet rotor and a temperature control and torque limiting protection assembly.A groove on the outer periphery of the rotor and an embedded paddle build through air flow when rotating, so that self-driven heat dissipation is realized.The temperature rise of a coil triggers a triode driven protection electromagnet through a thermistor, the torque transmission of a toothed disc friction coupling is adjusted, continuous derating is realized, and the generator can be stopped until zero coupling.The permanent magnet adjusting assembly is combined with an electromagnetic locking mechanism through an iron shell body-aluminum strip-permanent magnet combination, the magnetic field output is quickly cut off, and no induced voltage is generated during maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of generator technology, specifically to a small generator. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most low-power energy-saving generators and generator sets adopt permanent magnet synchronous structures. Although they have the advantages of small size and high efficiency, they still generally face the following typical limitations: First, the stator coil heat dissipation method is singular, relying on natural convection, which increases the risk of high-temperature demagnetization; Second, overload protection mostly relies on electronic current limiting or mechanical shear pins, resulting in high maintenance costs; Third, when the generator set is shut down for maintenance or when power supply is temporarily not needed, existing generator sets may fail to start, which can easily lead to electric shock safety risks; Fourth, existing energy-saving generator sets emphasize intelligent electronic control but neglect mechanical adaptive safety mechanisms, resulting in a lack of a second line of defense in the event of electronic control failure or high-temperature extreme conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a small generator, comprising a housing, with a first end cover and a second end cover fixedly mounted at both ends of the housing, and a first vent hole and a second vent hole respectively provided on the circumference of the first end cover and the second end cover, the second vent hole and the first vent hole being used to allow air to pass through the two ends of the housing; an aluminum alloy shaft is rotatably disposed between the opposing surfaces of the first end cover and the second end cover, and an aluminum alloy rotor body is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy shaft, the aluminum alloy rotor body being coaxially fitted with the housing, and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body being flush with the inner surface of the housing. There are gaps between the walls, and multiple circular equidistant grooves are formed on the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor along its own axis to increase the circumferential surface area of ​​the aluminum alloy rotor. Multiple circular equidistant permanent magnet adjustment components are embedded inside the aluminum alloy rotor. Multiple sets of coil windings are wound on the inner side of the outer shell, and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment components can pass through the coil windings. One end of the aluminum alloy shaft is driven to the input shaft through the protective component. The input shaft is used to connect to the power input end, and the thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the outer shell.

[0004] Preferably, the permanent magnet adjustment assembly includes two symmetrically arranged iron shells, and two symmetrically arranged aluminum strips are fixedly installed between the opposite faces of the two iron shells. The two iron shells and the two aluminum strips surround to form a cylindrical space, and a permanent magnet cylinder is rotatably installed in the cylindrical space. The two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder are symmetrically arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder.

[0005] Preferably, an end face sealing plate is fixedly installed on the end face of the aluminum alloy rotor body. The same number of adjustment execution gears as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly are rotatably installed on the circumference of the end face sealing plate. Each adjustment execution gear is synchronously driven with the permanent magnet cylinder through an adjustment shaft. An adjustment limiting gear is rotatably installed at the center of the end face sealing plate. An adjustment limiting cam is fixedly provided at the center of the adjustment limiting gear. All adjustment execution gears mesh with the adjustment limiting gear.

[0006] Preferably, a rotating buckle plate is fixedly mounted on the side of the end face sealing plate, wherein the adjusting limiting gear and all adjusting actuating gears are rotatably mounted between the opposite surfaces of the rotating buckle plate and the end face sealing plate, and the adjusting limiting cam passes through the rotating buckle plate; a blade is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the rotating buckle plate, the blade being aligned with the position of the second vent hole for driving airflow; the rotating buckle plate and the second end cover are rotatably fitted, and a cylindrical recess is formed at the axial position of the side of the second end cover facing the rotating buckle plate, in which an adjusting electromagnet is elastically mounted via a tension spring, and the adjusting electromagnet and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess slide in a splined manner along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft; and there are interlocking protrusions between the opposite surfaces of the adjusting electromagnet and the adjusting limiting cam, and the adjusting electromagnet and the adjusting limiting cam are magnetically fitted together.

[0007] Preferably, the protective assembly includes a front housing, which is fixedly mounted on a first end cover, and the first end cover and the front housing are coaxially fitted. A geared disc sleeve is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front housing near the first end cover. A geared disc is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the geared disc sleeve. The geared disc is coaxially arranged with the first end cover and is fixedly fitted with an aluminum alloy rotating shaft. The aluminum alloy rotating shaft passes through the first end cover and is fixedly fitted with the geared disc.

[0008] Preferably, a central gear is rotatably mounted at the center of the gear disk, and the central gear and the gear disk are driven by a planetary gear meshing. The planetary gear is rotatably mounted on the gear disk sleeve, and the rotation axis of the planetary gear is parallel to and does not coincide with the axis of the gear disk sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, a protective electromagnet is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the front end housing away from the first end cover. A magnetic chuck is magnetically engaged on the side of the protective electromagnet. The magnetic chuck slides along the axial direction of the front end housing and engages with the inner wall of the front end housing. A sliding support sleeve is also provided on the inner wall of the front end housing by means of spline sliding. The sliding support sleeve is fixedly engaged with the magnetic chuck. The sliding support sleeve is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft. A compression friction disc is fixedly provided at the end of the sliding support sleeve near the gear disc sleeve. The compression friction disc engages with the gear disc sleeve through friction.

[0010] Preferably, a compression spring is sleeved around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve. The two ends of the compression spring are fixedly engaged with the inner wall of the compression friction disc and the front housing. The compression spring is used to push the compression friction disc to squeeze the toothed disc sleeve, so that friction is generated between the toothed disc sleeve and the compression friction disc.

[0011] Preferably, the front end housing is provided with a through hole, and an input shaft is rotatably mounted on the axial position of the front end housing. One end of the input shaft passes through the gear sleeve and is coaxially fixedly engaged with the central gear. A flange mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the front end housing.

[0012] Preferably, the thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply, and the collector, emitter and protection electromagnet of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply. The high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The motor of the present invention forms an active air duct through the outer peripheral groove of the aluminum alloy rotor body and the coaxial airflow blades. During the rotation of the equipment, the air is induced to pass through the coil area at high speed through the first and second ventilation holes to achieve real-time aerodynamic heat dissipation. Compared with the traditional stator cooling method that relies on passive radiation or external fans, it significantly suppresses the increase of copper loss and extends the insulation life, ensuring that the stable voltage output is maintained during long-term high-load operation. (2) The present invention combines a temperature rise feedback mechanism composed of a thermistor, a transistor, and a protective electromagnet, which can gradually weaken the torque transmission of the planetary gear chain before the winding temperature reaches the set limit, and finally achieve decoupling between the input power and the rotor. It avoids insulation breakdown or permanent magnet demagnetization due to overheating, and improves the operating safety under high-temperature conditions. While ensuring system reliability, it also provides a second line of defense in the event of electrical control failure or high temperature extreme conditions; (3) The permanent magnet adjustment component of this invention uses an iron shell, aluminum strips and permanent magnet cylinders to form a dual-state unit with an openable and closable magnetic field, which can completely shield the magnetic circuit without disassembling the mechanical connection; it achieves the safety requirements of instantaneous power failure, prevention of accidental electric shock and zero induced voltage during maintenance; (4) The gear sleeve and the extrusion friction disc in the protective component of this invention achieve an adjustable friction coupling through magnetic attraction-spring composite loading, which can quickly reduce the torque transmission coefficient when the temperature or load changes suddenly; compared with the traditional overload protection that relies on shear pins, clutch plates or electronic current limiting, it can complete adaptive torque limiting, and the reset is simple, avoiding the need to stop the machine to replace consumable parts or recalibrate the controller, which greatly improves the maintainability and service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the second vent of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front shell of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the compression spring structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy rotor body structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blade of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting and limiting convex disk of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the adjusting shaft of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the iron shell structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a control diagram of the protective component of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 101-Outer shell; 102-First end cap; 103-Second end cap; 104-First vent; 105-Geared disc; 106-Aluminum alloy rotor body; 107-Aluminum alloy shaft; 108-Geared disc sleeve; 109-Planetary gear; 110-Center gear; 111-Extrusion friction disc; 112-Sliding support sleeve; 113-Extrusion spring; 114-Input shaft; 115-Magnetic chuck; 116-Anti-friction disc 117 - Protective electromagnet; 118 - Front end housing; 119 - Second vent; 120 - Flange mounting plate; 121 - Rotary buckle plate; 122 - Paddle blade; 123 - Tension spring; 124 - Adjusting electromagnet; 125 - Adjusting limiting cam; 126 - Adjusting limiting gear; 127 - Adjusting actuating gear; 128 - Adjusting shaft; 129 - Permanent magnet cylinder; 130 - End face sealing plate; 131 - Iron housing; 132 - Aluminum strip. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-11 The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated through specific embodiments.

[0027] This invention provides a small generator, including a housing 101. A first end cover 102 and a second end cover 103 are fixedly mounted at both ends of the housing 101. A first vent hole 104 and a second vent hole 118 are respectively provided on the circumference of the first end cover 102 and the second end cover 103, allowing air to pass through both ends of the housing 101. An aluminum alloy shaft 107 is rotatably mounted between the opposing surfaces of the first end cover 102 and the second end cover 103. An aluminum alloy rotor 106 is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy shaft 107, coaxially engaging with the housing 101. The outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor 106... A gap is left between the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 and the inner wall of the outer casing 101, and multiple circular equidistant array grooves are formed on the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 along its own axis to increase the circumferential surface area of ​​the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. Multiple circular equidistant array permanent magnet adjustment components are embedded inside the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. Multiple sets of coil windings are wound on the inner side of the outer casing 101, wherein the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment components can pass through the coil windings. One end of the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is driven to the input shaft 114 through the protective component. The input shaft 114 is used to connect to the power input end, wherein a thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the outer casing 101.

[0028] The permanent magnet adjustment assembly includes two symmetrically arranged iron housings 130. Two symmetrically arranged aluminum strips 131 are fixedly installed between the opposite faces of the two iron housings 130. The two iron housings 130 and the two aluminum strips 131 surround to form a cylindrical space. A permanent magnet cylinder 128 is rotatably installed in the cylindrical space. The two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 are symmetrically arranged with respect to a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder 128. An end face sealing plate 129 is fixedly installed on the end face sealing plate 129. The same number of adjustment actuation gears 126 as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly are rotatably installed on the circumference of the end face sealing plate 129. Each adjustment actuation gear 126 is synchronously driven with the permanent magnet cylinder 128 through an adjustment shaft 127. An adjustment limiting gear 125 is rotatably installed at the center of the end face sealing plate 129. An adjustment limiting cam 124 is fixedly provided at the center of the adjustment limiting gear 125. All the adjustment actuation gears 126 mesh with the adjustment limiting gear 125. A rotating buckle plate 120 is fixedly mounted on the side of the end face sealing plate 129. An adjusting limiting gear 125 and all adjusting actuating gears 126 are rotatably mounted between the opposing surfaces of the rotating buckle plate 120 and the end face sealing plate 129. An adjusting limiting convex disc 124 penetrates the rotating buckle plate 120. A paddle 121 is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the rotating buckle plate 120, and the paddle 121 is aligned with the second vent 118 to drive airflow. The rotating buckle plate 120 and the second end cover 103... The second end cover 103 has a cylindrical recess on the axial position of the side facing the rotating buckle 120. An adjusting electromagnet 123 is elastically installed in the recess by a tension spring 122. The adjusting electromagnet 123 and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess slide in a spline manner along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107. Furthermore, there are protrusions that mesh and engage with each other between the opposing surfaces of the adjusting electromagnet 123 and the adjusting limiting protrusion 124, and the adjusting electromagnet 123 and the adjusting limiting protrusion 124 are magnetically engaged.

[0029] The protective assembly includes a front housing 117, which is fixedly mounted on a first end cover 102, and the first end cover 102 and the front housing 117 are coaxially fitted. A geared disc sleeve 108 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front housing 117 near the first end cover 102. A geared disc 105 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the geared disc sleeve 108. The geared disc 105 is coaxially arranged with the first end cover 102, and is fixedly fitted with an aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107. The aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107 passes through the first end cover 102 and is fixedly fitted with the geared disc 105. A central gear 110 is rotatably mounted at the center of the geared disc 105. The central gear 110 and the geared disc 105 are meshed and driven by a planetary gear 109. The planetary gear 109 is rotatably mounted on the geared disc sleeve 108, and the axis of rotation of the planetary gear 109 is parallel to but not coincident with the axis of the geared disc sleeve 108. A protective electromagnet 116 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the front housing 117 away from the first end cover 102. A magnetic chuck 115 is magnetically engaged on the side of the protective electromagnet 116. The magnetic chuck 115 slides along the axial direction of the front housing 117 and engages with the inner wall of the front housing 117. A sliding support sleeve 112 is also provided on the inner wall of the front housing 117 by means of spline sliding. The sliding support sleeve 112 is fixedly engaged with the magnetic chuck 115. The sliding support sleeve 112 is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107. A compression friction disk 111 is fixedly provided at the end of the sliding support sleeve 112 near the gear sleeve 108. The compression friction disk 111 engages with the gear sleeve 108 in frictional engagement. A compression spring 113 is sleeved around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve 112. Both ends of the compression spring 113 are fixedly engaged with the inner wall of the compression friction disc 111 and the front end housing 117. The compression spring 113 pushes the compression friction disc 111 to compress the gear sleeve 108, creating friction between the gear sleeve 108 and the compression friction disc 111. A through hole is also provided on the front end housing 117. An input shaft 114 is rotatably mounted on the axial position of the front end housing 117. One end of the input shaft 114 passes through the gear sleeve 108 and is coaxially fixedly engaged with the central gear 110. A flange mounting plate 119 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the front end housing 117. The thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply. The collector, emitter, and protection electromagnet 116 of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply. The high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

[0030] The working principle of a small generator disclosed in this invention is as follows: The power input is fixed to the input shaft 114, and the entire device is fixed in the required position by the flange mounting plate 119, so that the external power source drives the input shaft 114 to rotate. The rotation of the input shaft 114 drives the central gear 110 to rotate, the central gear 110 drives the planetary gear 109 to rotate, the planetary gear 109 drives the gear disk 105 to rotate, the gear disk 105 rotates, the gear disk 105 rotates, the aluminum alloy shaft 107 rotates, the aluminum alloy shaft 107 rotates, the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 rotates, the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 rotates, the permanent magnet adjustment component rotates, and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment component rotates accordingly, thereby cutting the coil winding on the outer shell 101, thereby causing the coil winding to generate an induced current. When the ambient temperature is high or the coil winding is under high load for a long time, the temperature of the coil winding will gradually increase, which will lead to an increase in the internal resistance of the coil winding and a decrease in power generation efficiency. Therefore, while the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 is rotating, it will also drive the end face sealing plate 129, the rotating buckle plate 120 and the blade 121 on the rotating buckle plate 120 to rotate. The blade 121 drives the air flow, allowing the external air to pass through the first vent 104, the outer shell 101 and the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 (coil winding), the blade 121, the second vent 118 and the outside, thereby cooling the coil winding and the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 (the temperature will be transferred to the aluminum alloy rotor body 106).If the load increases further, or the speed of the power input source increases, or the ambient temperature rises causing the coil winding temperature to rise, the temperature of the corresponding thermistor will also rise, and the thermistor's resistance will decrease accordingly. This decrease in thermistor resistance will lead to an increase in the potential difference across the fixed resistor R (initially at room temperature, the thermistor's resistance is greater than the fixed resistor R). When the potential difference across the fixed resistor R increases to 0.7V, the temperature corresponding to this thermistor resistance value is the limit temperature of the coil winding (beyond this threshold temperature, it needs to be limited). The input of the braking force source limits the power generation. At the same time, the collector and emitter of the NPN transistor are connected, and the protective electromagnet 116 is energized. After the protective electromagnet 116 is energized, it will generate a magnetic force, and an attraction will be formed between the protective electromagnet 116 and the magnetic chuck 115. This will cause the magnetic chuck 115 to drive the sliding support sleeve 112 and the compression friction disk 111 to overcome the elastic force of the compression spring 113 and move away from the toothed disk sleeve 108 (the trend of movement, here referring to the direction of the force on the compression friction disk 111). Therefore, the compression friction disk 111 and the toothed disk sleeve 108 are connected. The friction will decrease (the pressure between them will decrease). At this time, the gear sleeve 108 is no longer completely fixed. Therefore, while the central gear 110 rotates and drives the gear disk 105 to rotate through the planetary gear 109, the planetary gear 109 will rotate on its own axis and revolve around the sun. This will weaken the power transmitted from the input shaft 114 to the aluminum alloy shaft 107. If the temperature of the coil winding further increases, this will lead to an increase in the voltage at the base of the NPN transistor, and also an increase in the current passing between the collector and emitter of the NPN transistor. At this time, the protective electromagnet 116 will... This generates a greater magnetic force, further applying a force to the extrusion friction disk 111 away from the gear sleeve 108, further reducing the friction between the extrusion friction disk 111 and the gear sleeve 108, causing the planetary gear 109 to revolve faster. As a result, the transmission efficiency between the input shaft 114 and the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is further reduced until the friction between the gear sleeve 108 and the extrusion friction disk 111 disappears. At this point, the planetary gear 109 is in a fully revolved state, and the power between the input shaft 114 and the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is cut off (the rotation of the aluminum alloy shaft 107 involves friction).When power generation is not required, the regulating electromagnet 123 is energized. After generating magnetic force, the regulating electromagnet 123 overcomes the elastic force of the tension spring 122 and moves towards the regulating limiting cam 124, causing the regulating electromagnet 123 and the regulating limiting cam 124 to attract each other and mesh. The regulating electromagnet 123 restricts the rotation of the regulating limiting cam 124. Then, the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107 is turned (actually, the input rotating shaft 114 is turned when there is no power source connected), causing the aluminum alloy rotor 106 to rotate. The rotation of the aluminum alloy rotor 106 will drive all the regulating actuating gears 126 to rotate around the axis of the aluminum alloy rotor 106. Since the regulating limiting cam 124 cannot rotate due to the restriction of the regulating electromagnet 123, the regulating limiting gear 125 also cannot rotate. At this time, all the regulating actuating gears 126 will revolve around the regulating limiting gear 125 and also rotate on their own axis. At this time, the regulating actuating gears 126 can be rotated by 90 degrees. The adjusting gear 126 drives the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to rotate via the adjusting shaft 127. This rotation causes the poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to rotate. When the poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 face the two aluminum strips 131, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 completely passes through the iron shell 130 (the two iron shells 130 enclose the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128). At this point, there is no magnetic field outside the iron shell 130, so even if it rotates, it cannot cut the coil winding, and therefore cannot... When the plane of symmetry between the two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 is aligned with the two aluminum strips 131, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 cannot magnetize the aluminum strips 131 (unlike the iron shell 130). Therefore, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 cannot be contained by the two iron shells 130 separated by the aluminum strips 131. Consequently, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 diffuses to the outside of the iron shells 130. Rotation at this point causes the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to cut the coil winding, thereby generating an induced electromotive force, thus producing electricity. This is used to physically cut off power generation when it is not needed, preventing users from being electrocuted and improving safety.

Claims

1. A small generator, characterized in that: Includes a housing (101), with a first end cap (102) and a second end cap (103) fixedly installed at both ends of the housing (101). A first vent hole (104) and a second vent hole (118) are respectively provided at the circumferential positions of the first end cap (102) and the second end cap (103). The second vent hole (118) and the first vent hole (104) are used to allow air to pass through both ends of the housing (101). An aluminum alloy shaft (107) is rotatably disposed between the opposing surfaces of the first end cap (102) and the second end cap (103). An aluminum alloy rotor body (106) is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy shaft (107). The aluminum alloy rotor body (106) is coaxially engaged with the outer shell (101). A gap is left between the outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106) and the inner wall of the outer shell (101). Multiple circular equidistant array grooves are opened along their own axial direction on the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106) to increase the circumferential surface area of ​​the aluminum alloy rotor body (106). Multiple circular equidistant array permanent magnet adjustment components are embedded and installed inside the aluminum alloy rotor body (106). Multiple sets of coil windings are wound on the inner side of the outer shell (101). The magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment components can pass through the coil windings. One end of the aluminum alloy shaft (107) is connected to an input shaft (114) via a protective assembly. The input shaft (114) is used to connect to the power input end. A thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the housing (101). The permanent magnet adjustment assembly includes two symmetrically arranged iron shells (130), and two symmetrically arranged aluminum strips (131) are fixedly installed between the opposite surfaces of the two iron shells (130). The two iron shells (130) and the two aluminum strips (131) surround to form a cylindrical space. A permanent magnet cylinder (128) is rotatably installed in the cylindrical space. The two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder (128) are symmetrically arranged with respect to a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder (128). An end face sealing plate (129) is fixedly installed on the end face of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106). The same number of adjustment execution gears (126) as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly are rotatably installed on the circumference of the end face sealing plate (129). Each adjustment execution gear (126) is fixedly and synchronously driven with the permanent magnet cylinder (128) through the adjustment shaft (127). An adjustment restriction gear (125) is rotatably installed at the center of the end face sealing plate (129). An adjustment restriction cam (124) is fixedly provided at the center of the adjustment restriction gear (125). All the adjustment execution gears (126) mesh with the adjustment restriction gear (125).

2. A small generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating buckle plate (120) is fixedly mounted on the side of the end face sealing plate (129), wherein the adjusting limiting gear (125) and all the adjusting actuating gears (126) are rotatably mounted between the opposite surfaces of the rotating buckle plate (120) and the end face sealing plate (129), wherein the adjusting limiting cam (124) is provided through the rotating buckle plate (120); a blade (121) is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the rotating buckle plate (120), the blade (121) is aligned with the position of the second vent (118) for driving the flow of air; the rotating buckle plate (120) and the second end cover (129) are fixedly mounted on the side of the end face sealing plate (129), wherein the adjusting limiting cam (124) is provided through the rotating buckle plate (129); 03) Rotational engagement between them, the second end cover (103) has a cylindrical recess on the axial position of the side facing the rotating buckle (120), and an adjusting electromagnet (123) is elastically installed in the recess by a tension spring (122). The adjusting electromagnet (123) and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess slide in a spline manner along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107); and the adjusting electromagnet (123) and the adjusting limiting cam (124) are provided with protrusions that mesh and engage with each other, and the adjusting electromagnet (123) and the adjusting limiting cam (124) are magnetically engaged.

3. A small generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective assembly includes a front housing (117), which is fixedly mounted on a first end cover (102). The first end cover (102) and the front housing (117) are coaxially fitted. A geared disc sleeve (108) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front housing (117) near the first end cover (102). A geared disc (105) is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the geared disc sleeve (108). The geared disc (105) is coaxially set with the first end cover (102) and is fixedly fitted with an aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107).

4. A small generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A central gear (110) is rotatably mounted at the center of the gear disk (105). The central gear (110) and the gear disk (105) are driven by a planetary gear (109). The planetary gear (109) is rotatably mounted on the gear disk sleeve (108). The rotation axis of the planetary gear (109) is parallel to and does not coincide with the axis of the gear disk sleeve (108).

5. A small generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: A protective electromagnet (116) is fixedly installed on the side of the inner wall of the front end housing (117) away from the first end cover (102). A magnetic chuck (115) is magnetically engaged on the side of the protective electromagnet (116). The magnetic chuck (115) slides along the axial direction of the front end housing (117) and engages with the inner wall of the front end housing (117). A sliding support sleeve (112) is also provided on the inner wall of the front end housing (117) by means of spline sliding. The sliding support sleeve (112) is fixedly engaged with the magnetic chuck (115). The sliding support sleeve (112) is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107). A pressing friction disk (111) is fixedly provided at the end of the sliding support sleeve (112) near the gear sleeve (108). The pressing friction disk (111) engages with the gear sleeve (108) in frictional engagement.

6. A small generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: A compression spring (113) is sleeved around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve (112). The two ends of the compression spring (113) are fixedly engaged with the inner wall of the compression friction disc (111) and the front end housing (117). The compression spring (113) is used to push the compression friction disc (111) to squeeze the toothed disc sleeve (108), so that friction is formed between the toothed disc sleeve (108) and the compression friction disc (111).

7. A small generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front housing (117) is also provided with a through hole. An input shaft (114) is rotatably installed on the axial position of the front housing (117). One end of the input shaft (114) passes through the gear sleeve (108) and is coaxially fixedly engaged with the central gear (110). A flange mounting plate (119) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the front housing (117).

8. A small generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply. The collector, emitter and the protective electromagnet (116) of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply. The high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

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