Electrochromic car window control system based on thermoelectric power generation of electric car thermal management system

Abstract

An electrochromic car window control system based on thermoelectric power generation of an electric car thermal management system comprises a super capacitor, a booster circuit and a power generation system. The power generation system comprises a heat exchange agent plate, a temperature difference power generation piece I, a temperature difference power generation piece II and a switch. According to the electrochromic car window control system based on thermoelectric power generation of the thermal management system of the electric car, efficient and energy-saving electrochromic car window regulation and control are achieved, the energy of a power battery is further saved, the endurance mileage of the electric car is increased, and the problem that the energy of the power battery needs to be consumed for regulating and controlling the electrochromic car window on the electric car is solved; and the inherent temperature difference energy between the power battery and the automobile thermal management system cannot be efficiently utilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy utilization technology, and in particular to an electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] Electrochromic windows are transparent enclosures that actively adjust their solar transmittance by applying voltage. When used in electric vehicles, they can regulate the amount of solar heat entering the vehicle, reducing air conditioning energy consumption to a certain extent, conserving battery energy, and increasing range. However, adjusting the transmittance of electrochromic windows still consumes a certain amount of battery energy, and most existing power supplies are electric vehicle batteries. This limits the energy-saving efficiency of electrochromic windows for electric vehicles and prevents them from maximizing their range.

[0003] At the same time, when electric vehicles are in use, the power battery cannot fully convert electrical energy into kinetic energy. A considerable portion of the electrical energy is converted into heat energy, resulting in energy waste. To ensure the normal and safe operation of the power battery, the electric vehicle thermal management system is usually required to maintain the battery's operating environment temperature at around 20°C-40°C. Therefore, there is often a large temperature difference between the battery pack body and the heat exchange plate of the thermal management system. Existing technologies have not been able to effectively utilize this temperature difference energy and convert it into electrical energy to provide a power source for electrochromic windows. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system, comprising: a supercapacitor, a boost circuit, and a power generation system.

[0005] The power generation system includes a heat exchanger plate, a thermoelectric power generation sheet I, a thermoelectric power generation sheet II, and a switch.

[0006] The upper and lower surfaces of the heat exchanger plate are respectively attached with a thermoelectric power generation sheet I and a thermoelectric power generation sheet II.

[0007] The heat exchanger plate is a heat exchange plate that contains heat exchanger.

[0008] When the outside temperature is continuously greater than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid.

[0009] When the outside temperature is continuously lower than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid.

[0010] When the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric generator sheet II works. When the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric generator sheet I works.

[0011] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 away from the heat exchanger plate is in contact with the battery of the electric vehicle.

[0012] The battery provides a heat source or a cold source for the power generation system.

[0013] The heat exchanger plate is connected to the battery thermal management system of the electric vehicle.

[0014] The battery thermal management system is used to control the heat released from the heat exchanger plate.

[0015] The thermoelectric power generation sheet I or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II converts thermal energy into electrical energy by utilizing temperature difference.

[0016] The power generation system is connected to the boost circuit via a switch.

[0017] When the switch is turned on, the thermoelectric generator I or the thermoelectric generator II transmits electrical energy to the boost circuit.

[0018] The boost circuit transmits a portion of the electrical energy to the tinted window to adjust the transmittance of the tinted window glass.

[0019] The boost circuit transmits the surplus electric energy generated by the power generation system to the supercapacitor for storage.

[0020] The supercapacitor provides electrical energy for the tinted vehicle windows.

[0021] Furthermore, the circuit topology of the power generation system connected to the boost circuit via a switch is as follows:

[0022] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 is connected to a contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit.

[0023] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II is connected to another contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit.

[0024] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the boost circuit.

[0025] Furthermore, when the outside temperature continues to be higher than the preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned to the thermoelectric power generation plate I. At this time, the battery acts as a heat source and the heat exchanger plate acts as a cold source to take away the heat from the battery.

[0026] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 close to the battery serves as the hot side, and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 close to the heat exchanger plate serves as the cold side.

[0027] Thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 generates electricity by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot and cold surfaces.

[0028] Furthermore, when the outside temperature is continuously lower than the preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate II. At this time, the heat exchanger plate acts as a heat source, and the heat of the heat exchanger plate is taken away by the cold air and the battery.

[0029] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II close to the heat exchanger plate serves as a hot surface, and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II away from the heat exchanger plate serves as a cold surface.

[0030] Thermoelectric generator II uses the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot and cold surfaces to generate electricity.

[0031] Furthermore, the battery thermal management system includes an automobile air conditioning system.

[0032] Furthermore, the battery thermal management system includes a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, an electronic expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve.

[0033] The condenser condenses the refrigerant from gas to liquid, releasing heat into the vehicle or the outside world to achieve cooling and heating effects.

[0034] The compressor is driven by electricity to compress gaseous refrigerant.

[0035] The evaporator achieves cooling and heating effects by evaporating the liquid refrigerant and absorbing heat.

[0036] The electronic expansion valve is used to adjust the refrigerant flow rate.

[0037] The four-way reversing valve is used to switch the flow direction of the refrigerant to achieve switching between cooling and heating.

[0038] Furthermore, the chip used in the boost circuit includes the boost chip LTC3108.

[0039] Furthermore, the circuit topology of the boost circuit formed by the boost chip LTC3108 is as follows:

[0040] The C1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C1 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0041] The C2 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C2 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0042] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the capacitor Cin and then grounded. The connection point between the thermoelectric generator sheet I and the thermoelectric generator sheet II and the boost circuit is grounded.

[0043] The contacts at the fixed end of the switch are connected to the primary coil of the transformer and then to the SW port of the chip.

[0044] The VS2 port and the GND port of the chip are grounded.

[0045] The VS1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C3 and then grounded, and the VS1 port is connected to the VAUX port.

[0046] The VSTORE port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C5 and then grounded.

[0047] The Vout port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C4 and then grounded.

[0048] The chip's Vout2 port, PGD port, VLDO port, V OUT2-EN The port is left floating.

[0049] Furthermore, the supercapacitor includes two layers of lead electrodes, two layers of porous electrodes, an electrolyte, and a diaphragm.

[0050] The two layers of porous electrodes are arranged relative to each other with an interval, and the middle is filled with electrolyte.

[0051] The diaphragm is located between the two layers of porous electrodes, provides a migration channel for electrolyte ions, and physically isolates the two layers of porous electrodes.

[0052] The two layers of lead electrodes are respectively arranged on the sides of the two layers of porous electrodes away from the electrolyte.

[0053] The porous electrode allows electrolyte ions to diffuse freely, forming a double electrical layer.

[0054] The extraction electrode is used to transfer charges between the porous electrode and an external circuit.

[0055] The electrolyte transports charge through the migration of ions.

[0056] Furthermore, the materials used for the porous electrode include activated carbon powder, activated carbon, and activated carbon fiber.

[0057] The materials used in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

[0058] The technical effect of the present invention is unquestionable. The present invention utilizes the inherent temperature difference between the electric vehicle power battery and the power battery thermal management system heat exchange plate, or the power battery thermal management system heat exchange plate and the colder air under different climatic conditions, and realizes thermoelectric conversion based on the Seebeck thermoelectric effect principle. It does not consume the electric energy of the electric vehicle power battery to achieve regulation of the electrochromic windows, further reducing non-power power consumption and helping to improve the cruising range; at the same time, the system utilizes the temperature difference energy existing inside the electric vehicle, further improving energy utilization efficiency, reducing energy waste, and promoting efficient energy utilization and energy conservation and emission reduction; in addition, the electrochromic windows can regulate the solar radiation entering the car passenger compartment, realizing efficient light and heat environment control of the passenger compartment. The system organically combines the passenger compartment thermal management of the electrochromic windows with the power battery thermal management technology, realizing the integrated optimization and intelligent energy-saving control of the electric vehicle thermal management technology.

[0059] The electrochromic window control system designed by the present invention, which is based on temperature difference power generation of the electric vehicle thermal management system, realizes efficient and energy-saving electrochromic window regulation, further saves power battery energy and improves the cruising range of electric vehicles. It solves the problem that regulating the electrochromic windows on electric vehicles requires consuming power battery energy, and the inherent temperature difference energy between the power battery and the vehicle thermal management system cannot be efficiently utilized.

[0060] This invention provides an electrochromic window control system based on thermoelectric power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The system primarily comprises: an electric vehicle thermal management system, which provides a cooling / heating source for thermoelectric power generation; an electric vehicle power battery, which provides a cooling / heating source for thermoelectric power generation; a semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which utilizes temperature differences to achieve thermoelectric conversion and generate electricity, improving energy efficiency and providing an energy source for the control system; a boost circuit, which provides the controllable voltage required for electrochromic glass control; a supercapacitor, which stores the electricity generated by the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, ensuring a stable and reliable power supply for glass dimming; and the electrochromic glass, which uses the controllable voltage output to control the solar thermal environment, thereby managing the solar thermal environment in the vehicle's passenger compartment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the summer system structure of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the winter system structure of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the thermoelectric power generation sheet of the present invention; Figure 3 (a) is the layout diagram of the thermoelectric generator; Figure 3 (b) is the structure diagram of the thermoelectric generator;

[0064] Figure 4 This is the schematic diagram of the Seebeck effect;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a simplified diagram of the automotive thermal management system involved in the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 is a diagram of the self-powered control system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 It is a boost circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 is a structural diagram of a supercapacitor of the present invention; Figure 8 (a) is the actual structure diagram of the supercapacitor; Figure 8 (b) is the schematic diagram of the supercapacitor;

[0069] In the figure: supercapacitor 1, boost circuit 2, battery 3, heat exchanger plate 4, thermoelectric power generation sheet I5, thermoelectric power generation sheet II6, color-changing window 7, battery thermal management system 8, hot surface 9, cold surface 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and modifications can be made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, and all should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] Example 1:

[0072] See also Figures 1 to 8 , an electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system, including: a supercapacitor 1, a boost circuit 2, and a power generation system.

[0073] The power generation system includes a heat exchanger plate 4, a thermoelectric power generation sheet I5, a thermoelectric power generation sheet II6, and a switch.

[0074] The upper and lower surfaces of the heat exchanger plate 4 are respectively attached with a thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 and a thermoelectric power generation sheet II6.

[0075] The heat exchanger plate 4 is a heat exchanger plate containing heat exchanger.

[0076] When the outside temperature is continuously greater than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid.

[0077] When the outside temperature is continuously lower than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid.

[0078] When the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 works. When the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 works.

[0079] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 15 away from the heat exchanger plate 4 is in contact with the battery 3 of the electric vehicle.

[0080] The battery 3 provides a heat source or a cold source for the power generation system.

[0081] The heat exchanger plate 4 is connected to the battery thermal management system 8 of the electric vehicle.

[0082] The battery thermal management system 8 is used to control the heat released from the heat exchanger plate 4 .

[0083] The thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 converts thermal energy into electrical energy using temperature difference.

[0084] The power generation system is connected to the boost circuit 2 via a switch.

[0085] When the switch is turned on, the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 transmits electric energy to the boost circuit 2.

[0086] The boost circuit 2 transmits a portion of the electrical energy to the photochromic window 7 to adjust the glass transmittance of the photochromic window 7.

[0087] The boost circuit 2 transmits the surplus electric energy generated by the power generation system to the supercapacitor 1 for storage.

[0088] The supercapacitor 1 provides electrical energy for the color-changing vehicle window 7 .

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in Example 1. Furthermore, the circuit topology of the power generation system connected to the boost circuit 2 through a switch is as follows:

[0091] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 is connected to a contact of the moving end of the switch, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit 2.

[0092] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 is connected to another contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit 2.

[0093] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the boost circuit 2 .

[0094] Example 3:

[0095] An electrochromic window control system based on thermoelectric power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 2. Furthermore, when the external temperature is continuously greater than a preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate I5. At this time, the battery 3 acts as a heat source and the heat exchanger plate 4 acts as a cold source, taking away the heat from the battery 3.

[0096] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 close to the battery 3 serves as the hot surface 9, and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 close to the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as the cold surface 10.

[0097] The thermoelectric power generation sheet 15 generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface 9 and the cold surface 10.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] An electrochromic window control system based on thermoelectric power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 3. Furthermore, when the external temperature is continuously lower than a preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate II6. At this time, the heat exchanger plate 4 acts as a heat source, and the heat of the heat exchanger plate 4 is taken away by the cold air and the battery 3.

[0100] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 close to the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as a hot surface 9 , and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 away from the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as a cold surface 10 .

[0101] The thermoelectric generator II6 generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface 9 and the cold surface 10 .

[0102] Example 5:

[0103] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 4. Furthermore, the battery thermal management system 8 includes an automobile air-conditioning system.

[0104] Example 6:

[0105] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 5. Furthermore, the battery thermal management system 8 includes a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, an electronic expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve.

[0106] The condenser condenses the refrigerant from gas to liquid, releasing heat into the vehicle or the outside world to achieve cooling and heating effects.

[0107] The compressor is driven by electricity to compress gaseous refrigerant.

[0108] The evaporator achieves cooling and heating effects by evaporating the liquid refrigerant and absorbing heat.

[0109] The electronic expansion valve is used to adjust the refrigerant flow rate.

[0110] The four-way reversing valve is used to switch the flow direction of the refrigerant to achieve switching between cooling and heating.

[0111] Example 7:

[0112] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 6. Furthermore, the chip used in the boost circuit 2 includes the boost chip LTC3108.

[0113] Example 8:

[0114] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 7. Furthermore, the circuit topology of the boost circuit 2 formed by the boost chip LTC3108 is as follows:

[0115] The C1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C1 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0116] The C2 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C2 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0117] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the capacitor Cin and then grounded. The connection point between the thermoelectric generator I5 and the thermoelectric generator II6 and the boost circuit 2 is grounded.

[0118] The contacts at the fixed end of the switch are connected to the primary coil of the transformer and then to the SW port of the chip.

[0119] The VS2 port and the GND port of the chip are grounded.

[0120] The VS1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C3 and then grounded, and the VS1 port is connected to the VAUX port.

[0121] The VSTORE port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C5 and then grounded.

[0122] The Vout port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C4 and then grounded.

[0123] The chip's Vout2 port, PGD port, VLDO port, V OUT2-EN The port is left floating.

[0124] Example 9:

[0125] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 8. Furthermore, the supercapacitor 1 includes two layers of lead electrodes, two layers of porous electrodes, an electrolyte, and a diaphragm.

[0126] The two layers of porous electrodes are arranged relative to each other with an interval, and the middle is filled with electrolyte.

[0127] The diaphragm is located between the two layers of porous electrodes, provides a migration channel for electrolyte ions, and physically isolates the two layers of porous electrodes.

[0128] The two layers of lead electrodes are respectively arranged on the sides of the two layers of porous electrodes away from the electrolyte.

[0129] The porous electrode allows electrolyte ions to diffuse freely, forming a double electrical layer.

[0130] The extraction electrode is used to transfer charges between the porous electrode and an external circuit.

[0131] The electrolyte transports charge through the migration of ions.

[0132] Example 10:

[0133] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 1 to 9. Furthermore, the materials used for the porous electrode include activated carbon powder, activated carbon, and activated carbon fiber.

[0134] The materials used in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

[0135] Example 11:

[0136] See also Figures 1 to 8 , an electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system, including: a supercapacitor 1, a boost circuit 2, and a power generation system.

[0137] The power generation system includes a heat exchanger plate 4, a thermoelectric power generation sheet I5, a thermoelectric power generation sheet II6, and a switch.

[0138] The upper and lower surfaces of the heat exchanger plate 4 are respectively attached with a thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 and a thermoelectric power generation sheet II6.

[0139] The heat exchanger plate 4 is a heat exchanger plate containing heat exchanger.

[0140] The heat exchange agent includes ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, and fluorinated liquid;

[0141] When the outside temperature is continuously greater than 35 degrees Celsius, the heat exchange medium is a cryogenic fluid having a temperature of 20-30 degrees Celsius.

[0142] When the outside temperature is continuously less than 10 degrees Celsius, the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid, and the temperature of the high-temperature fluid is 30-40 degrees Celsius.

[0143] When the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 works. When the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 works.

[0144] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 15 away from the heat exchanger plate 4 is in contact with the battery 3 of the electric vehicle.

[0145] The battery 3 provides a heat source or a cold source for the power generation system.

[0146] The heat exchanger plate 4 is connected to the battery thermal management system 8 of the electric vehicle.

[0147] The battery thermal management system 8 is used to control the heat released from the heat exchanger plate 4 .

[0148] The thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 converts thermal energy into electrical energy using temperature difference.

[0149] The power generation system is connected to the boost circuit 2 via a switch.

[0150] When the switch is turned on, the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 transmits electric energy to the boost circuit 2.

[0151] The boost circuit 2 transmits a portion of the electrical energy to the photochromic window 7 to adjust the glass transmittance of the photochromic window 7.

[0152] Heat on both sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is transferred from the upper side to the lower side. This inherent temperature difference and heat transfer generate electricity, which is then fed into a boost circuit through a circuit connection, enabling controllable management of the output voltage. Simultaneously, the energy from the thermoelectric generator is efficiently stored in a supercapacitor, ensuring stable and reliable power regulation by the electrochromic glass. Finally, the circuit is connected to the electrochromic glass, applying a corresponding voltage to the glass and regulating its transmittance.

[0153] The glass transmittance can be adjusted within a range of 0% to 100%, depending on the performance of the photochromic glass.

[0154] The boost circuit 2 transmits the surplus electric energy generated by the power generation system to the supercapacitor 1 for storage.

[0155] The supercapacitor 1 provides electrical energy for the color-changing vehicle window 7 .

[0156] Working Principle: This electrochromic window control system, based on thermoelectric power generation within an electric vehicle's thermal management system, utilizes the inherent temperature difference between the electric vehicle's power battery and the heat exchanger plate in the power battery thermal management system, or between the heat exchanger plate and cooler air, under different climate conditions. Based on the Seebeck thermoelectric effect, this system uses semiconductor thermoelectric power generation to provide power. Combined with supercapacitors for energy storage and a boost circuit for adjustable voltage output, it achieves self-powered control of the electrochromic windows. Furthermore, a broader automotive thermal management system, such as one that utilizes the automotive air conditioning system as a thermoelectric power source, can also be used to generate electricity.

[0157] Example 12:

[0158] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in Example 11. Furthermore, the circuit topology of the power generation system connected to the boost circuit 2 via a switch is as follows:

[0159] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 is connected to a contact of the moving end of the switch, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit 2.

[0160] One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 is connected to another contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit 2.

[0161] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the boost circuit 2 .

[0162] Example 13:

[0163] An electrochromic window control system based on thermoelectric power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 12. Furthermore, when the external temperature is continuously greater than 35 degrees Celsius, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate I5. At this time, the battery 3 acts as a heat source and the heat exchanger plate 4 acts as a cold source, taking away the heat from the battery 3.

[0164] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 close to the battery 3 serves as the hot surface 9, and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I5 close to the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as the cold surface 10.

[0165] The thermoelectric power generation sheet 15 generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface 9 and the cold surface 10.

[0166] In summer, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is located between the power battery pack and the thermal management system's heat exchanger plate. Since the power battery converts electrical energy into heat and the outside air temperature is high, the battery temperature is high, requiring the thermal management system's heat exchanger plate to act as a cold end to remove heat from the battery. In this case, the upper side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the power battery, is the hot side; the lower side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the heat exchanger plate, is the cold side.

[0167] Example 14:

[0168] An electrochromic window control system based on thermoelectric power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 13. Furthermore, when the outside temperature is continuously less than 10 degrees Celsius, the active end of the switch is turned to the thermoelectric power generation plate II6. At this time, the heat exchanger plate 4 acts as a heat source, and the heat of the heat exchanger plate 4 is taken away by the cold air and the battery 3.

[0169] The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 close to the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as a hot surface 9 , and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II6 away from the heat exchanger plate 4 serves as a cold surface 10 .

[0170] The thermoelectric generator II6 generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface 9 and the cold surface 10 .

[0171] In winter, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is located below the heat exchanger plate of the thermal management system. During this time, the outside temperature is low, and the power battery requires a relatively warm environment to operate, requiring the heat exchanger plate of the thermal management system to provide heat. In this case, the upper side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the heat exchanger plate, is the hot side; the lower side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the cold air, is the cold side.

[0172] Example 15:

[0173] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 14. Furthermore, the battery thermal management system 8 includes an automobile air-conditioning system.

[0174] Example 16:

[0175] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 15. Furthermore, the battery thermal management system 8 includes a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, an electronic expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve.

[0176] The condenser condenses the refrigerant from gas to liquid, releasing heat into the vehicle or the outside world to achieve cooling and heating effects.

[0177] The compressor is driven by electricity to compress gaseous refrigerant.

[0178] The evaporator achieves cooling and heating effects by evaporating the liquid refrigerant and absorbing heat.

[0179] The electronic expansion valve is used to adjust the refrigerant flow rate.

[0180] The four-way reversing valve is used to switch the flow direction of the refrigerant to achieve switching between cooling and heating.

[0181] The low-temperature fluid and the high-temperature fluid are replaced by the four-way reversing valve of the battery thermal management system 8. The fluid inlet and outlet positions are shown in Figure 3 The battery thermal management system is connected at 8. No distinction is made between top in and bottom out or bottom in and top out.

[0182] Example 17:

[0183] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 16. Furthermore, the chip used in the boost circuit 2 includes the boost chip LTC3108.

[0184] Example 18:

[0185] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation in an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 17. Furthermore, the circuit topology of the boost circuit 2 formed by the boost chip LTC3108 is as follows:

[0186] The C1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C1 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0187] The C2 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C2 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded.

[0188] The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the capacitor Cin and then grounded. The connection point between the thermoelectric generator I5 and the thermoelectric generator II6 and the boost circuit 2 is grounded.

[0189] The contacts at the fixed end of the switch are connected to the primary coil of the transformer and then to the SW port of the chip.

[0190] The VS2 port and the GND port of the chip are grounded.

[0191] The VS1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C3 and then grounded, and the VS1 port is connected to the VAUX port.

[0192] The VSTORE port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C5 and then grounded.

[0193] The Vout port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C4 and then grounded.

[0194] The chip's Vout2 port, PGD port, VLDO port, V OUT2-EN The port is left floating.

[0195] Example 19:

[0196] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 18. Furthermore, the supercapacitor 1 includes two layers of lead electrodes, two layers of porous electrodes, an electrolyte, and a diaphragm.

[0197] The two layers of porous electrodes are arranged relative to each other with an interval, and the middle is filled with electrolyte.

[0198] The diaphragm is located between the two layers of porous electrodes, provides a migration channel for electrolyte ions, and physically isolates the two layers of porous electrodes.

[0199] The two layers of lead electrodes are respectively arranged on the sides of the two layers of porous electrodes away from the electrolyte.

[0200] The porous electrode allows electrolyte ions to diffuse freely, forming a double electrical layer.

[0201] The extraction electrode is used to transfer charges between the porous electrode and an external circuit.

[0202] The electrolyte transports charge through the migration of ions.

[0203] Example 20:

[0204] An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical content is shown in any one of Examples 11 to 19. Furthermore, the materials used for the porous electrode include activated carbon powder, activated carbon, and activated carbon fiber.

[0205] The materials used in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

[0206] Example 21:

[0207] See also Figures 1 to 8 , an electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of electric vehicle thermal management system. The main technical contents include:

[0208] The system mainly includes: an electric vehicle thermal management system, which provides a cold / heat source for thermoelectric power generation; an electric vehicle power battery, which provides a cold / heat source for thermoelectric power generation; a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip, which uses temperature difference to achieve thermoelectric conversion to obtain electrical energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, and provide an energy source for the control system; a boost circuit, which provides the required controllable voltage for electrochromic glass regulation; a supercapacitor, which stores the electricity generated by the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation chip to ensure the stability and reliability of the power supply for glass dimming; and electrochromic glass, which uses the output controllable voltage to regulate the photothermal environment and realize photothermal environment management of the vehicle passenger compartment.

[0209] See also Figure 1 In summer, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is located between the power battery pack and the thermal management system's heat exchanger plate. Since the power battery converts electrical energy into heat and the outside air temperature is high, the battery temperature is high, requiring the thermal management system's heat exchanger plate to act as a cold end to remove heat from the battery. In this case, the upper side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the power battery, is the hot side; the lower side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the heat exchanger plate, is the cold side.

[0210] See also Figure 2 In winter, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is located below the heat exchanger plate of the thermal management system. During this time, the outside temperature is low, and the power battery requires a relatively warm environment to operate, requiring the heat exchanger plate of the thermal management system to provide heat. In this case, the upper side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the heat exchanger plate, is the hot side; the lower side of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which contacts the cold air, is the cold side.

[0211] See also Figure 3 Heat on both sides of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator is transferred from the upper side to the lower side. This inherent temperature difference and heat transfer generate electricity, which is then fed into a boost circuit through a circuit connection, enabling controllable management of the output voltage. Simultaneously, the energy from the thermoelectric generator is efficiently stored in a supercapacitor, ensuring stable and reliable power regulation by the electrochromic glass. Finally, the circuit is connected to the electrochromic glass, applying a corresponding voltage to the glass and regulating its transmittance.

[0212] Working Principle: This electrochromic window control system, based on thermoelectric power generation within an electric vehicle's thermal management system, utilizes the inherent temperature difference between the electric vehicle's power battery and the heat exchanger plate of the power battery thermal management system, or between the heat exchanger plate and the cooler air, under different climate conditions. Based on the Seebeck thermoelectric effect, this system uses semiconductor thermoelectric power generation to provide power. Combined with supercapacitors for energy storage and a boost circuit for adjustable voltage output, it achieves self-powered control of the electrochromic windows. Furthermore, broader automotive thermal management systems, such as those utilizing the automotive air conditioning system as a thermoelectric power source, are also covered by this patent.

[0213] See also Figure 4 The Seebeck effect, also known as the first thermoelectric effect, involves using two different conductive or semiconductor materials. The P-type material is chosen to have a positive Seebeck coefficient, typically silicon or germanium doped with a small amount of boron or indium. Since boron or indium atoms carry only three electrons in their outer shells, they create a hole when forming a covalent bond with silicon or germanium atoms. Therefore, the P-type material has more holes and carries a positive charge. The N-type material is chosen to have a negative Seebeck coefficient, typically silicon or germanium doped with a small amount of phosphorus or antimony. Since phosphorus or antimony atoms carry five electrons in their outer shells, they create an electron when forming a covalent bond with silicon or germanium atoms. Therefore, the N-type material has more electrons and carries a negative charge. In a closed circuit composed of these materials, applying different temperatures at the two connection points causes carriers with higher average energy levels in the conductor or semiconductor to diffuse from the higher temperature end to the lower temperature end along the temperature gradient. When the diffusion effect and the electric field drift cancel each other out, a potential difference is formed, enabling the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy.

[0214] Figure 5 This is a simplified diagram of an electric vehicle's thermal management system. Components such as the refrigerator, condenser, compressor, and electronic expansion valve enable the circulation of the heat exchanger and heat conversion within the system. A four-way reversing valve also controls the thermal management system's cooling and heating modes. Depending on the needs, low-temperature or high-temperature fluids can be introduced into the heat exchanger plates to control the cooling and heating of the power battery's operating environment.

[0215] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the self-powered system of the present invention. Depending on the cooling or heating operating mode of the electric vehicle's power battery thermal management system, a semiconductor thermocouple can be used in summer or winter to generate electricity from the temperature difference. This current passes through a DC / DC boost circuit, which can regulate the required voltage and apply it directly to the electrochromic window. This energy can also be transferred to an energy storage element (supercapacitor) for storage. The energy storage element ensures continuous and reliable power supply when the thermal management system lacks direct temperature differential output.

[0216] Figure 7The boost circuit diagram of the present invention is shown below. A power generation chip with a size of 40mm×40mm×3mm can achieve an open circuit voltage of 80mV when the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends is 15°C. The present invention uses the boost chip LTC3108 as the boost circuit (cold start voltage as low as 20mV). The LTC3108 boost circuit is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, it uses a small transformer, typically with three different ratios: 1:100, 1:50, and 1:20. The appropriate ratio can be selected to match different input voltages, adapting to a variety of load types and achieving high conversion efficiency. The main output voltage at VOUT can be set to different stable output voltages by selecting the VS1 and VS2 pin combinations based on subsequent circuit requirements. 3.3V is typically selected as the main output voltage to meet the control voltage requirements of smart windows. The LTC3108 boosts the low voltage collected by the thermoelectric device and can directly supply the device. However, to ensure stable and reliable system operation when the temperature difference energy is insufficient, an energy storage element is required to store the electrical energy converted from the thermoelectric device.

[0217] Figure 8The diagram shows the structure of the supercapacitor of the present invention. The present invention uses a supercapacitor as the energy storage element. Unlike traditional chemical power sources, it is a power source with unique properties that lie between traditional capacitors and batteries. It primarily relies on double-layer and redox pseudocapacitive charge storage to store electrical energy. However, the energy storage process does not undergo a chemical reaction, making it reversible. This is why supercapacitors can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times. Compared to batteries, supercapacitors offer many advantages as a new energy storage device, including strong environmental adaptability, excellent temperature characteristics, long service life, and rapid charging. The energy storage capacitor can be directly connected to the VOUT port of the LTC3108, greatly simplifying the charging circuit. A self-powered circuit converts thermal energy into electrical energy and supplies it to the load control circuit, ultimately achieving self-powered control of window transmittance. In the supercapacitor structure, porous electrodes typically use activated carbon powder, activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, etc. The electrolyte is an organic electrolyte, such as propylene carbonate or titanium tetrachloride. The porous activated carbon has a large surface area and absorbs charges in the electrolyte, allowing it to store a large amount of electrostatic charge. As a capacitor utilizing the double-layer principle, when a voltage is applied to the two plates of a supercapacitor, the positive and negative electrodes store charges of opposite polarities, respectively. The movement of charges on the bipolar plates generates an electric field. Due to the electric field force, an opposite electric field forms at the interface between the electrodes and the electrolyte, balancing the internal electric field of the electrolyte. The positive and negative charges are located at the short-gap interface between the two polarities, within a charge distribution layer called the double layer, resulting in extremely high capacitance. When the electrolyte's redox potential is higher than the potential between the two plates, the electrolyte does not separate from the charges at the electrolyte interface, and the supercapacitor operates normally. If the electrolyte's redox potential is lower than the voltage across the capacitor, the electrolyte dissociates from the charges at the interface, resulting in an abnormal state. If the charge stored on the positive and negative plates is discharged through an external circuit, the charge at the supercapacitor's electrolyte interface gradually decreases. This charge and discharge process is a physical process, without complex chemical reactions, resulting in more stable performance than batteries that rely on chemical reactions.

Claims

1. An electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system, characterized in that: include: Supercapacitor (1), boost circuit (2), power generation system; The power generation system comprises a heat exchanger plate (4), a thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5), a thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6), and a switch; The upper and lower surfaces of the heat exchanger plate (4) are respectively attached with a thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5) and a thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6); The heat exchanger plate (4) is a heat exchanger plate containing a heat exchanger; When the outside temperature is continuously greater than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid. When the outside temperature is continuously lower than the preset temperature, the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid; When the heat exchange medium is a low-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) works; when the heat exchange medium is a high-temperature fluid, the thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5) works; The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 (5) away from the heat exchanger plate (4) is in contact with the battery (3) of the electric vehicle; The battery (3) provides a heat source or a cold source for the power generation system; The heat exchanger plate (4) is connected to a battery thermal management system (8) of an electric vehicle; The battery thermal management system (8) is used to control the heat released from the heat exchanger plate (4); The thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5) or the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) converts thermal energy into electrical energy by utilizing temperature difference; The power generation system is connected to the boost circuit (2) via a switch; When the switch is turned on, the thermoelectric generator I (5) or the thermoelectric generator II (6) transmits electric energy to the boost circuit (2); The boost circuit (2) transmits a portion of the electric energy to the color-changing vehicle window (7), thereby adjusting the glass transmittance of the color-changing vehicle window (7); The boost circuit (2) transmits the surplus electric energy generated by the power generation system to the supercapacitor (1) for storage; The supercapacitor (1) provides electrical energy for the color-changing vehicle window (7).

2. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit topology of the power generation system connected to the boost circuit (2) via a switch is shown below: One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5) is connected to a contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit (2); One end of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) is connected to another contact of the switch moving end, and the other end is connected to the boost circuit (2); The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the boost circuit (2).

3. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the outside temperature is continuously higher than the preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate 1 (5). At this time, the battery (3) acts as a heat source and the heat exchanger plate (4) acts as a cold source, taking away the heat of the battery (3). The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 (5) close to the battery (3) serves as a hot surface (9), and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 (5) close to the heat exchanger plate (4) serves as a cold surface (10); The thermoelectric power generation sheet 1 (5) generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface (9) and the cold surface (10).

4. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the outside temperature is continuously lower than the preset temperature, the active end of the switch is turned toward the thermoelectric power generation plate II (6). At this time, the heat exchanger plate (4) acts as a heat source, and the heat of the heat exchanger plate (4) is taken away by the cold air and the battery (3); The side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) close to the heat exchanger plate (4) serves as a hot surface (9), and the side of the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) away from the heat exchanger plate (4) serves as a cold surface (10); The thermoelectric generator II (6) generates electrical energy by utilizing the inherent temperature difference and heat transfer between the hot surface (9) and the cold surface (10).

5. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery thermal management system (8) includes an automobile air conditioning system.

6. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery thermal management system (8) includes a condenser, a compressor, an evaporator, an electronic expansion valve, and a four-way reversing valve; The condenser condenses the refrigerant from gas to liquid, releasing heat into the vehicle or outside, thereby achieving cooling and heating effects; The compressor is driven by electricity to compress the gaseous refrigerant; The evaporator achieves cooling and heating effects by evaporating the liquid refrigerant and absorbing heat; The electronic expansion valve is used to adjust the refrigerant flow; The four-way reversing valve is used to switch the flow direction of the refrigerant to achieve switching between cooling and heating.

7. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip used in the boost circuit (2) includes a boost chip LTC3108.

8. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The circuit topology of the boost circuit (2) formed by the boost chip LTC3108 is shown below: The C1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C1 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded; The C2 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C2 and the secondary coil of the transformer in sequence and then grounded; The contact of the fixed end of the switch is connected to the capacitor Cin and then grounded; The connection points between the thermoelectric power generation sheet I (5) and the thermoelectric power generation sheet II (6) and the boost circuit (2) are grounded; The contacts at the fixed end of the switch are connected to the primary coil of the transformer and then to the SW port of the chip; The VS2 port and the GND port of the chip are grounded; The VS1 port of the chip is connected to the capacitor C3 and then grounded, and the VS1 port is connected to the VAUX port; The VSTORE port of the chip is connected to capacitor C5 and then grounded; The Vout port of the chip is connected to capacitor C4 and then grounded; The chip's Vout2 port, PGD port, VLDO port, V OUT2-EN The port is left floating.

9. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercapacitor (1) comprises two layers of lead electrodes, two layers of porous electrodes, an electrolyte, and a diaphragm; Two layers of porous electrodes are arranged relative to each other with an interval and the middle is filled with electrolyte; The diaphragm is located between the two layers of porous electrodes, providing a migration channel for electrolyte ions and physically isolating the two layers of porous electrodes; The two layers of extraction electrodes are respectively arranged on the sides of the two layers of porous electrodes away from the electrolyte; The porous electrode allows electrolyte ions to diffuse freely, forming a double electric layer; The extraction electrode is used to transfer charge between the porous electrode and the external circuit; The electrolyte transports charge through the migration of ions.

10. The electrochromic window control system based on temperature difference power generation of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The materials used for the porous electrode include activated carbon powder, activated carbon, and activated carbon fiber; The materials used in the electrolyte include propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.

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