Method for improving storability of potatoes

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving storage resistance of potatoes, which can effectively maintain nutritional ingredients in a storage period WY3 by spraying exogenous spermidine on potato tubers. The optimal spraying concentration of the exogenous spermidine is 0.5 mmol / L. The exogenous spermidine can effectively improve the number of peak values or peak values in antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and POD of the potatoes in the storage period, so that the oxidation resistance of the potatoes in the storage period is improved, and the quality of the potatoes in the storage period is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant storage and relates to a method for improving the storage resistance of potatoes. Background Art

[0002] Potatoes are herbaceous plants of the genus Solanaceae, Solanaceae. They can be used as both food and vegetable. They are rich in vitamins, starch, high-quality protein and various minerals. They have strong adaptability to the growing environment. Compared with other food crops, potatoes are more resistant to drought, cold and barrenness. Currently, potatoes are grown and produced in more than 160 countries and regions.

[0003] The continuous expansion of potato cultivation and yield will inevitably increase the demand for long-distance transportation and storage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective, green, and affordable potato preservation technologies to reduce potato losses caused by improper storage and provide a theoretical basis for the development of the potato industry in Guizhou Province. Studies on spermidine in other fruits and vegetables have shown that it can improve the storage quality of fruits and vegetables, but the effect of spermidine on the storage stability of potatoes is currently unclear. Whether exogenous spermidine can improve potato storage quality, the optimal concentration, and the effectiveness of combining it with other storage methods are questions that deserve further exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the storage resistance of potatoes, which can effectively maintain the nutritional components of potatoes during storage by spraying exogenous spermidine.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is a method for improving the storage resistance of potatoes. The method comprises the following steps: laying potato tubers flat on paper, spraying a spermidine aqueous solution evenly on the tuber surface, and stacking the tubers in a cool, dry dark room for storage after the tuber surfaces are naturally air-dried.

[0006] The concentration of the aforementioned spermidine aqueous solution is 0.5 to 5 mmol / L.

[0007] Specifically, the concentration of the spermidine aqueous solution is 0.5 mmol / L.

[0008] Specifically, the concentration of the spermidine aqueous solution is 5 mmol / L.

[0009] The usage amount of the aforementioned spermidine aqueous solution is 80-120 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution sprayed per 4000-6000 g of potato tubers.

[0010] Specifically, the usage of the spermidine aqueous solution is 100 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution sprayed per 5000 g of potato tubers.

[0011] The aforementioned storage temperature is 8-14°C and the relative humidity is 65-95%.

[0012] Specifically, the storage temperature is 10-12° C., and the relative humidity is 75-85%.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. WY3 storage quality was best when treated with 0.5 mmol / L exogenous spermidine. Exogenous spermidine spraying effectively maintained the nutritional content of WY3 during storage. Exogenous spermidine can effectively increase the number or magnitude of peaks in the antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, and POD during storage, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity of potatoes during storage and ultimately enhancing their quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on weight loss of potatoes during storage;

[0016] Figure 2 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on dry matter content of potatoes during storage;

[0017] Figure 3 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on the germination rate of potatoes during storage;

[0018] Figure 4 Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on the germination rate of single potatoes during storage:

[0019] Figure 5 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on total protein content of potatoes during storage;

[0020] Figure 6 : Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on vitamin C content in potatoes during storage;

[0021] Figure 7 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on reducing sugar content in potatoes during storage;

[0022] Figure 8 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on starch content of potatoes during storage;

[0023] Figure 9 :Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on starch content of potatoes during storage;

[0024] Figure 10 : Effects of different concentrations of spermidine on starch content of potatoes during storage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The experimental materials used in the following examples are purchased from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] Spread potato tubers flat on paper, and evenly spray the surface of the tubers with 0.5 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution. For every 5000 g of potato tubers, spray 100 mL of spermidine aqueous solution. After the surface of the potato tubers is naturally air-dried, stack them in a cool and dry dark room for storage. The storage temperature is 10-12 ° C and the relative humidity is 75-85%.

[0028] Example 2:

[0029] Take potato tubers and spread them flat on paper. Spray 5mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution evenly on the surface of the tubers. For every 5000g of potato tubers, spray 100mL of spermidine aqueous solution. After the surface of the potato tubers is naturally air-dried, stack them in a cool and dry dark room for storage. The storage temperature is 10-12℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85%.

[0030] Example 3:

[0031] Take potato tubers and spread them flat on paper. Spray 1 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution evenly on the surface of the tubers. For every 4000 g of potato tubers, spray 120 mL of spermidine aqueous solution. After the surface of the potato tubers is naturally air-dried, stack them in a cool and dry dark room for storage. The storage temperature is 12-14°C and the relative humidity is 85-95%.

[0032] Example 4:

[0033] Spread potato tubers flat on paper and evenly spray 3 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution on the tuber surface. For every 6000 g of potato tubers, spray 80 mL of spermidine aqueous solution. After the surface of the potato tubers is naturally air-dried, stack them in a cool and dry dark room for storage. The storage temperature is 8-10°C and the relative humidity is 65-75%.

[0034] Example 5: Potato tubers were spread flat on paper and the tuber surface was evenly sprayed with a 0.5 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution. For every 4500 g of potato tubers, 110 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution was sprayed. After the surface of the potato tubers was naturally air-dried, they were stacked in a cool, dry dark room for storage at a storage temperature of 10-12°C and a relative humidity of 75-85%.

[0035] Example 6: Potato tubers were spread flat on paper and the tuber surface was evenly sprayed with a 5 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution. For every 5500 g of potato tubers, 90 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution was sprayed. After the surface of the potato tubers was naturally air-dried, they were stacked in a cool, dry dark room for storage at a storage temperature of 10-12°C and a relative humidity of 75-85%.

[0036] Example 7: Potato tubers were spread flat on paper and the tuber surface was evenly sprayed with a 1 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution. For every 5000 g of potato tubers, 100 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution was sprayed. After the surface of the potato tubers was naturally air-dried, they were stacked in a cool, dry dark room for storage at a storage temperature of 12-14°C and a relative humidity of 65-75%.

[0037] Example 8: Potato tubers were spread flat on paper and the tuber surface was evenly sprayed with a 3 mmol / L spermidine aqueous solution. For every 5000 g of potato tubers, 100 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution was sprayed. After the surface of the potato tubers was naturally air-dried, they were stacked in a cool, dry dark room for storage at a storage temperature of 8-10°C and a relative humidity of 85-95%.

[0038] The present invention has carried out corresponding experimental research to prove the effect of improving storage resistance. The following are the results of the experimental research of the present invention:

[0039] 1. Materials and Methods

[0040] 1.1 Test materials

[0041] The potato variety used for the test was Weiyu 3 (WY3), which was planted in Weining Yi Autonomous County, Guizhou Province in April 2023. Hui and Miao ethnic groups Xueshan Town, Autonomous County, will have a centralized harvest at the end of November 2023;

[0042] Exogenous spermidine with a purity of 98% was purchased from Solarbio Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0043] 1.2 Test methods

[0044] Potato tubers were spread on newspapers and the experimental groups were evenly sprayed with 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mmol / L spermidine. aqueous solution 100ml, the control group was sprayed with the same amount of water. After the tuber surface was naturally dried, it was piled in a cool and dry place. Store in a dry dark room at a temperature of 10-12°C and a relative humidity of 75-85%. Different indicator data were measured at 90 and 120 days.

[0045] 1.3 Index determination

[0046] The product content / activity assay kits from Beijing Box Biotechnology Co., Ltd. were used according to the instructions. Determinations included weight loss, germination rate, number of sprouts per tuber, dry matter content, and starch, reducing sugar, total protein, and vitamin C content.

[0047] 1.4 Comprehensive evaluation using membership function method

[0048] The fuzzy mathematical membership function method was used to calculate the membership function value of each treatment quality, and the storage stability of each variety and treatment was compared through the mean of the membership function.

[0049] 1.5 Data processing and plotting

[0050] The data were processed and plotted using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and WPS2023 software.

[0051] 2. Results and Analysis

[0052] 2.1 Effects of different exogenous spermidine concentrations on water loss and dry matter content of WY3 during storage

[0053] During the storage of potato tubers, due to the consumption of water, organic matter, etc., the weight of the tubers will gradually decrease as the storage time increases, and the weight loss rate will gradually increase ( Figure 1 The weight loss rate was lowest under the 1mmol / L exogenous spermidine treatment, reaching 6.26% on the 120th day of storage. However, the weight loss rate was highest throughout the storage period when treated with 0.5mmol / L exogenous spermidine, reaching a peak of 7.42% on the 120th day, an increase of 18.43% compared to the 1mmol / L spermidine treatment. Based on the degree of dispersion of weight loss under different spermidine concentrations, QY7 was more susceptible to exogenous spermidine than WY3. These results suggest that different concentrations of exogenous spermidine affect weight loss differently among potato varieties, and that an appropriate concentration can effectively maintain weight loss during storage.

[0054] Depend on Figure 2 The results show that tuber dry matter content increased slowly within 30 days of storage, possibly due to the rapid loss of water after fresh tubers are harvested. After 30 days, tuber dry matter content gradually decreased with increasing storage time, possibly due to the consumption of water and organic matter during tuber life activities such as respiration and germination. The dry matter content of WY3 treated with 1 mmol / L exogenous spermidine was the lowest during the entire storage period, consistent with the trend in the respective weight loss rates. This may be due to the decrease in dry matter content caused by the reduced water loss. The dry matter trends in the other treatments did not align with the weight loss trends, possibly due to different proportions of water and organic matter loss.

[0055] 2.2 Effects of different concentrations of exogenous spermidine on the germination rate and number of sprouts per tuber of WY3 during storage

[0056] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the germination rate of stored tubers gradually increased with the extension of storage time. On the 14th day of storage, the germination rate of WY3 was the highest in the 1mmol / L spermidine treatment group, which was 73.33%, and the lowest was the 0.5mmol / L treatment group, which was 46.67%.

[0057] The germination rate of WY3 under different concentrations of exogenous spermidine treatment varied during different storage periods. During the storage period of 0-30 days, the germination rate of the group treated with 0.5mmol / L spermidine was the lowest. After the 60th day of storage, the germination rate difference among the groups was not significant.

[0058] The germination rate of single tuber showed an overall trend of increasing gradually with the extension of storage time ( Figure 4 During the entire storage period of WY3, the number of single tuber sprouts in the 3mmol / L treatment group was the highest. Except for the 30th and 90th days of storage, the single tuber sprout rate in the 0.5mmol / L treatment group was at a lower level.

[0059] 2.3 Effects of different spermidine concentrations on total protein content in potatoes during storage

[0060] Protein is one of the main nutrients in potatoes. The protein content of potato tubers increases initially and then decreases with storage time, consistent with previous studies investigating the effects of spermidine on storage quality across various potato varieties. In QY7 tubers, treatment with exogenous spermidine at varying concentrations failed to alter the overall trend of protein content initially increasing and then decreasing. The effects of exogenous spermidine on protein content varied across storage stages, potentially due to the complex biological processes within the tubers. Overall, protein content was higher in most spermidine treatments than in the control during storage for 60 to 90 days. In the 0.5 mmol / L and 3 mmol / L spermidine treatments, protein content continued to increase with storage time, likely due to increased water loss. In contrast, in the 1 mmol / L and 5 mmol / L spermidine treatments, protein content initially increased, then decreased, and then increased again, potentially due to the consumption of organic matter by biological processes within the tubers during storage.

[0061] 2.4 Effects of different spermidine concentrations on vitamin C content in potatoes during storage

[0062] Depend on Figure 6 As can be seen, vitamin C content generally showed a gradual downward trend with extended storage time. During the 30-60 day storage period, vitamin C content in all treatment groups increased slightly, which may be related to the higher water loss during this storage period. Treatment of WY3 with different concentrations of spermidine resulted in higher vitamin C content in tubers from 30 to 90 days of storage at all concentrations, indicating that exogenous spermidine can increase vitamin C content in tubers during this storage period. On the 120th day of storage, vitamin C content in all treatment groups was similar to that in the control group, suggesting that exogenous spermidine may increase vitamin C content by delaying its decomposition.

[0063] 2.5 Effects of different spermidine concentrations on reducing sugar content in potatoes during storage

[0064] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the reducing sugar content of potato tubers gradually increases with the extension of storage time. The reducing sugar content in the early and middle stages of storage (0-90 days) increases relatively slowly, while the reducing sugar content in potato tubers increases sharply at the end of storage (90-120 days). This may be because the young shoots of potato tubers begin to sprout at the end of storage, and the starch is quickly decomposed into reducing sugars for use.

[0065] On the 60th day of storage, the reducing sugar content of QY7 tubers in the four exogenous spermidine treatment groups was lower than that in the control group. At other storage periods, the reducing sugar content did not differ significantly between the treatment groups and the control group. At the end of storage (90 days), the reducing sugar content of WY3 varied. The 0.5 and 5 mmol / L spermidine treatment groups had significantly higher reducing sugar contents than the other treatment groups and the control group. This difference in reducing sugar content may be due to the different effects of different exogenous spermidine concentrations on other hormones in the tubers.

[0066] 2.6 Effects of different spermidine concentrations on the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) in potatoes during storage

[0067] Related research has shown that exogenous spermidine can enhance plant resistance by increasing cellular antioxidant activity. CAT activity assays showed that exogenous spermidine treatment caused a sharp increase in CAT activity between 0 and 30 days of storage, followed by a sharp decrease between 30 and 60 days, reaching essentially the same level as the control group. Different concentrations of treatment resulted in varying levels of CAT activity, likely due to varietal characteristics. Exogenous spermidine enhances the antioxidant capacity of potato tubers by increasing CAT activity during short-term storage, thus promoting tuber freshness preservation.

[0068] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity had a peak stage in potato tubers stored for 120 days, and WY3 appeared on the 90th day of storage ( Figure 9 Exogenous spermidine treatment caused a new peak in potato SOD activity, while also altering the original peak level. Only the 3 and 5 mmol / L spermidine treatments showed a new peak on day 30 of storage. The SOD activity of the other treatments remained unchanged from that of the control group at this stage. At the original peak level, only the 5 mmol / L treatment showed slightly higher SOD activity than the control group.

[0069] Depend on Figure 10The results show that peroxidase (POD) activity in tubers peaked at two stages during 120 days of storage: on the 30th and 90th days. Exogenous spermidine did not alter the number of POD peaks, but rather their magnitude. Only the 0.5 mmol / L spermidine treatment significantly increased POD activity on the 30th day. POD activity did not increase significantly in the other treatments or at other stages during the 0-90 day storage period. On the 120th day, POD activity in all four spermidine treatments was slightly higher than that in the control.

[0070] 2.7 Comprehensive evaluation of storage quality of two potatoes treated with different concentrations of exogenous spermidine

[0071] The storage quality of potatoes in each treatment group was comprehensively analyzed using a combination of membership function and principal component analysis. Table 1 shows that WY3 scored the highest and had the best storage quality in the 0.5 mmol / L treatment group, followed by 5 mmol / L and then 1 mmol / L. However, the quality of the four spermidine treatment groups was higher than that of the control group.

[0072] Table 1 Comprehensive evaluation of storage quality of two potatoes treated with different concentrations of exogenous spermidine

[0073] variety Spermidine concentration (mmol / L) D value Sorting WY3 0.5 0.672 1 WY3 5 0.642298318 2 WY3 3 0.621732393 3 WY3 1 0.555328286 4 WY3 0 0.542245612 5

[0074] 3. Conclusion

[0075] 2. WY3 storage quality was best when treated with 0.5 mmol / L exogenous spermidine. Exogenous spermidine spraying effectively maintained the nutritional content of WY3 during storage. Exogenous spermidine can effectively increase the number or magnitude of peaks in the antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, and POD during storage, thereby improving the antioxidant capacity of potatoes and, consequently, their quality.

Claims

1. A method for improving the storage stability of potatoes, characterized in that: Take potato tubers and spread them flat on paper, spray the spermidine aqueous solution evenly on the surface of the tubers, wait for the surface of the potato tubers to dry naturally, and then stack them in a cool, dry dark room for storage.

2. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 1, wherein: The concentration of the spermidine aqueous solution is 0.5-5 mmol / L.

3. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 2, wherein: The concentration of the spermidine aqueous solution is 0.5 mmol / L.

4. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 2, wherein: The concentration of the spermidine aqueous solution is 5 mmol / L.

5. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 1, wherein: The usage amount of the spermidine aqueous solution is 80-120 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution sprayed per 4000-6000 g of potato tubers.

6. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 5, wherein: The usage amount of the spermidine aqueous solution is 100 mL of the spermidine aqueous solution sprayed per 5000 g of potato tubers.

7. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 1, wherein: The storage temperature is 8-14° C., and the relative humidity is 65-95%.

8. The method for improving the storage stability of potatoes according to claim 7, wherein: The storage temperature is 10-12° C., and the relative humidity is 75-85%.

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