A novel chitosan composite nutrition aquaculture feed and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of livestock feed, and particularly relates to a novel chitosan compound nutrition breeding feed and a preparation method thereof. The novel chitosan compound nutrition breeding feed is composed of a basic feed and an additive, and the additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: chitosan 3-5 parts, sunflower bud extract 0.7-1.5 parts, and beta-alanyl-L-histidine 0.5-0.9 parts. The chitosan, the sunflower bud extract and the beta-alanyl-L-histidine in the breeding feed are used in combination, which can effectively improve the immunity of cattle and sheep, improve the growth performance of the cattle and sheep, significantly improve the breeding benefit and reduce the occurrence of diseases, and fully meet the nutrition demand of animals such as cattle and sheep.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of livestock feed technology, specifically relating to a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional livestock feed and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With global population growth and rising living standards, the demand for animal protein is constantly increasing, and the scale of the livestock industry is also expanding. However, traditional livestock feed has certain limitations in promoting animal growth, improving immunity, and enhancing product quality. In recent years, chitosan, as a natural biopolymer material, has gradually attracted attention due to its unique physicochemical properties and biological functions, and has shown broad application prospects in livestock feed.

[0003] Chitosan is a natural high-molecular-weight polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, widely found in the cell walls of crustaceans, insects, and fungi. It boasts advantages such as wide availability, low cost, antibacterial properties, and non-toxicity, making it a promising candidate for use in animal feed. Chitosan and its derivatives (such as chitosan oligosaccharides and low-molecular-weight chitosan) can significantly improve animal growth performance and product quality by regulating the intestinal microecological environment, enhancing animal immunity, and promoting nutrient absorption. However, the application of chitosan in animal feed still faces some challenges. For example, chitosan alone, as an additive, has functional limitations and cannot meet the diverse nutritional needs of animals.

[0004] Therefore, developing a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional feed to improve the growth performance of cattle and sheep, increase breeding efficiency, and improve the quality of animal products is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first aspect of this invention is to provide a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed. This feed is composed of a base feed and additives. The chitosan, sunflower bud extract, and β-alanyl-L-histamine in the additives, when used in combination, can effectively improve the immunity of cattle and sheep, enhance their growth performance, significantly increase breeding efficiency, reduce disease incidence, and fully meet the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep.

[0006] A second aspect of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed. This method is simple and easy to implement, providing technical support for the preparation of novel compound nutritional animal feeds and contributing to the upgrading of the green and healthy aquaculture industry.

[0007] To achieve the above aspects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed, comprising a base feed and additives, wherein the additives include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts chitosan, 0.7-1.5 parts sunflower bud extract, and 0.5-0.9 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0009] Preferably, the additive has a mass content of 0.02-0.05% in the feed.

[0010] Preferably, the basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts soybean meal, 25-35 parts corn, 3-10 parts wheat bran, 1-5 parts flaxseed meal, 1-3 parts compound microbial agent, 5-10 parts calcium lactate, 1-3 parts lysine, and 0.1-0.3 parts organic trace elements.

[0011] Preferably, the compound microbial agent is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and Streptococcus thermophilus powder in a mass ratio of 1:2-4:1-2.

[0012] More preferably, the number of viable bacteria in the brewer's yeast powder, Lactobacillus casei powder, and Streptococcus thermophilus powder is ≥10. 11 CFU / g.

[0013] Preferably, the organic trace element is any one of sodium chloride, yeast selenium, or zinc lactate.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation steps of the sunflower bud extract are as follows:

[0015] After washing and soaking the sunflower seeds, place them in the soil until the seedlings sprout. Cut off the seedlings, dry and crush them, and sieve them to obtain sunflower sprout powder. Add anhydrous ethanol for extraction. After extraction, centrifuge the extract, collect the supernatant, filter it through a filter membrane, and obtain the filtrate. After concentration, freeze-dry it to obtain the final product.

[0016] Preferably, the ratio of sunflower bud powder to anhydrous ethanol is 1:5-10.

[0017] Preferably, the extraction temperature is 80-90℃ and the extraction time is 1.5-3h.

[0018] The preparation method of the above-mentioned novel chitosan compound nutritional animal feed includes the following steps:

[0019] Mix the basic feed and additives evenly to obtain the final product.

[0020] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. This invention provides a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed, which is composed of a base feed and additives. The chitosan, sunflower bud extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine in the additives can effectively improve the immunity of cattle and sheep, improve the growth performance of cattle, significantly improve breeding efficiency and reduce the occurrence of diseases, and fully meet the nutritional needs of cattle, sheep and other animals.

[0022] 2. This invention provides a novel method for preparing chitosan-based compound nutritional aquaculture feed. This method is simple and easy to implement, providing technical support for the preparation of novel compound nutritional aquaculture feed, and is suitable for upgrading the green and healthy aquaculture industry. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific conditions not specified in the embodiments are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents or instruments used are conventional products obtained through commercial channels.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed consists of a basic feed and additives, with the additives comprising 0.025% by weight in the feed. The basic feed comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts soybean meal, 30 parts corn, 7 parts wheat bran, 3 parts flaxseed meal, 2 parts compound microbial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:3:1.5), 7.5 parts calcium lactate, 2 parts lysine, and 0.2 parts sodium chloride. The additives consist of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 4 parts chitosan, 1 part sunflower bud extract, and 0.7 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0026] The preparation steps of the above sunflower sprout extract are as follows: Select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, wash them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 10 hours, take them out, and place them in soil at 20℃. During this period, spray water three times a day to promote germination. When the sprouts grow to 8cm, cut off the sprouts with scissors (excluding the roots), rinse the sprouts with clean water, and let them air dry naturally. Then, crush the sprouts and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder. Then, add 8 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol and extract at 85℃ for 2 hours. After extraction, centrifuge the extract to remove the residue, collect the supernatant, filter it using a 0.45μm filter membrane, concentrate the filtrate, and freeze-dry it to obtain the final product.

[0027] A method for preparing a novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed includes the following steps:

[0028] (1) Crush and sieve soybean meal, corn, and wheat bran according to the above dosage, and then mix them with flaxseed meal, compound microbial agent, calcium lactate, lysine, and sodium chloride to obtain the basic feed.

[0029] (2) Chitosan, sunflower bud extract, and β-alanyl-L-histamine were mixed in the above-mentioned weight proportions to prepare an additive.

[0030] (3) Mix the basic feed and additives evenly to obtain the final product.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] A novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed consists of a basic feed and additives, with the additives comprising 0.02% by weight in the feed. The basic feed comprises the following ingredients by weight: 10 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn, 3 parts wheat bran, 1 part flaxseed meal, 1 part compound microbial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:2:1), 5 parts calcium lactate, 1 part lysine, and 0.1 parts yeast selenium. The additives consist of the following ingredients by weight: 3 parts chitosan, 0.7 parts sunflower bud extract, and 0.5 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0033] The preparation steps of the above sunflower sprout extract are as follows: Select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, wash them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 8 hours, take them out, and place them in soil at 20℃. During this period, spray water twice a day to promote germination. When the seedlings grow to 5cm, cut off the seedlings with scissors (excluding the roots), rinse the seedlings with clean water, and let them air dry naturally. Then, crush the seedlings, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder. Then, add 5 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol and extract at 80℃ for 3 hours. After extraction, centrifuge the extract to remove the residue, collect the supernatant, filter it using a 0.45μm filter membrane, concentrate the filtrate, and freeze-dry it to obtain the final product.

[0034] A method for preparing a novel chitosan-based composite nutritional animal feed includes the following steps: the specific steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed consists of a basic feed and additives, with the additives comprising 0.05% by weight in the feed. The basic feed comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts soybean meal, 35 parts corn, 10 parts wheat bran, 5 parts flaxseed meal, 3 parts compound microbial agent (prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus casei, and Streptococcus thermophilus in a mass ratio of 1:4:2), 10 parts calcium lactate, 3 parts lysine, and 0.3 parts zinc lactate. The additives consist of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 5 parts chitosan, 1.5 parts sunflower bud extract, and 0.9 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine.

[0037] The preparation steps of the above sunflower sprout extract are as follows: Select healthy and pollution-free sunflower seeds, wash them with clean water, soak them at room temperature for 12 hours, take them out, and place them in soil at 20℃. During this period, spray water three times a day to promote germination. When the seedlings grow to 10cm, cut off the seedlings with scissors (excluding the roots), rinse the seedlings with clean water, and let them air dry naturally. Then, crush the seedlings, pass them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower sprout powder. Then, add 10 times the amount of anhydrous ethanol and extract at 90℃ for 1.5 hours. After extraction, centrifuge the extract to remove the residue, collect the supernatant, filter it using a 0.45μm filter membrane, concentrate the filtrate, and freeze-dry it to obtain the final product.

[0038] A method for preparing a novel chitosan-based composite nutritional animal feed includes the following steps: the specific steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 1

[0040] Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the additive contains only chitosan, while the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that sunflower bud extract is omitted from the additives, while the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 3

[0044] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that β-alanyl-L-histamine is omitted from the additives, while the rest is consistent with Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 4

[0046] Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the sunflower bud extract in the additive is replaced with sunflower flower extract. The preparation process of sunflower flower extract is as follows: sunflower petals are dried, crushed and ground, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower flower powder. Eight times the amount of anhydrous ethanol is added to the sunflower flower powder and extracted at 85°C for 2 hours. After extraction, the extract is centrifuged to remove the residue, the supernatant is collected, filtered using a 0.45μm filter membrane, and the filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the extract.

[0047] Comparative Example 5

[0048] Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the sunflower bud extract in the additive is replaced with sunflower seed extract. The preparation process of sunflower seed extract is as follows: mature sunflower seeds are selected as raw materials, impurities and moldy particles are screened out, the sunflower seeds are washed and dried, crushed and ground, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain sunflower seed powder. Eight times the amount of anhydrous ethanol is added to the sunflower seed powder and extracted at 85°C for 2 hours. After extraction, the extract is centrifuged to remove residue, the supernatant is collected, filtered using a 0.45μm filter membrane, and the filtrate is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain the extract.

[0049] Experimental Example 1

[0050] Healthy Simmental cattle of similar quality, age, parity, and weight (around 450 kg) were selected and divided into four groups: Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, with 10 cattle in each group. Each group was fed the corresponding feed for 100 days, twice a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. The daily feed intake of each cattle in each group was measured using a feed intake measuring device, and the average daily feed intake of each group was recorded. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] On day 0 of the experiment, the initial weight of each cow in each group was measured in the morning on an empty stomach. After the experiment, the final weight of each cow was measured again. The average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated according to the following formula. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0052] Average daily weight gain = (final body weight - initial body weight) / number of days of the trial

[0053] Feed conversion ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain.

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056] Average daily weight gain is often used as a core indicator for evaluating the fattening effectiveness of Simmental cattle, and its changes directly reflect the fattening effect. The feed conversion ratio (F / G), which is the mass of dry matter from feed consumed per kilogram of body weight gain in beef cattle, is a key parameter for measuring feed cost-effectiveness.

[0057] As shown in Table 1, the experimental results clearly demonstrate that the average daily weight gain of groups 1-3 fed with the feed described in Examples 1-3 of this invention was significantly higher than that of groups 1-5 (Comparative Examples 1-5), and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. This indicates that the feeds of Examples 1-3 effectively improved feed conversion efficiency. The feed of Comparative Example 1, which omitted sunflower bud extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine, had the highest feed conversion ratio but a lower average daily weight gain. Comparative Examples 2 and 3, which omitted sunflower bud extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine respectively, showed that the average daily weight gain of Simmental cattle was lower than that of Example 1, but the feed conversion ratio was higher. This experimental result demonstrates that sunflower bud extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine can synergistically increase the total weight gain of cattle, improve animal growth performance, and enhance feed conversion efficiency.

[0058] Comparative Examples 4 and 5 replaced sunflower bud extract with sunflower flower extract and sunflower seed extract, respectively. Compared with Example 1, the feed conversion ratio increased and the average daily weight gain decreased, indicating that the performance of extracts from different parts of the same plant varies. Furthermore, the results show that sunflower bud extract is more effective than sunflower seed extract in improving animal growth performance, while sunflower flower extract is the least effective.

[0059] Experimental Example 2

[0060] On day 100, the cattle were slaughtered, and the pre-slaughter live weight and carcass weight of the cattle in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were measured. The dressing percentage was calculated as follows: Dressing percentage (%) = (carcass weight / pre-slaughter live weight) × 100. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2

[0062] Group Pre-slaughter live weight (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Slaughter rate (%) Example 1 579.46 385.56 66.54 Example 2 580.28 377.61 65.07 Example 3 577.67 379.25 65.65 Comparative Example 1 554.83 295.12 53.19 Comparative Example 2 561.65 309.37 55.08 Comparative Example 3 559.47 316.45 56.56 Comparative Example 4 571.53 339.96 59.48 Comparative Example 5 578.16 352.52 60.97

[0063] As shown in Table 2, the slaughter rates of Examples 1-3 were higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-5. This indicates that the additives in the feed used in this application played a major role, namely, the synergistic effect of sunflower bud extract and β-alanyl-L-histamine, which improved animal growth performance and increased slaughter rate.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed, characterized in that, The feed consists of a base feed and additives. The additives are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts chitosan, 0.7-1.5 parts sunflower bud extract, and 0.5-0.9 parts β-alanyl-L-histamine; the additives constitute 0.02-0.05% of the feed by weight. The preparation steps of the sunflower bud extract are as follows: After washing and soaking the sunflower seeds, place them in the soil until the seedlings sprout. Cut off the seedlings, dry and crush them, and sieve them to obtain sunflower sprout powder. Add anhydrous ethanol for extraction. After extraction, centrifuge the extract, collect the supernatant, filter it with a filter membrane, and obtain the filtrate. After concentration, freeze-dry it to obtain the final product. The ratio of sunflower bud powder to anhydrous ethanol is 1:5-10. The extraction temperature is 80-90℃, and the time is 1.5-3h.

2. The novel chitosan-based compound nutritional animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts soybean meal, 25-35 parts corn, 3-10 parts wheat bran, 1-5 parts flaxseed meal, 1-3 parts compound microbial agent, 5-10 parts calcium lactate, 1-3 parts lysine, and 0.1-0.3 parts organic trace elements.

3. The novel chitosan composite nutritional aquaculture feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder, Lactobacillus casei powder and Streptococcus thermophilus powder in a mass ratio of 1:2-4:1-2.

4. The novel chitosan composite nutritional aquaculture feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The organic trace element is any one of amino acid copper, yeast selenium, or zinc lactate.

5. The preparation method of the novel chitosan composite nutritional aquaculture feed as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: mixing the basic feed and additives evenly to obtain the final product.

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