Method for repairing water ecosystem by combining nanobubbles with aquatic organisms

Abstract

The application discloses a method for repairing water ecological system by combining nano bubbles and aquatic organisms, and relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration. The method comprises the following steps: adjusting nano bubble parameters according to different stages of water ecological restoration; adjusting nano bubble characteristics according to different types of polluted water bodies; establishing a control model of water quality and nano bubble parameters through fuzzy control and machine learning algorithm; establishing an ecological chain of synergistic action among species by reasonably selecting a layout; adjusting the combination and spatial layout of species in the ecological system according to the concentration of pollutants and the ecological structure; optimizing the physical adsorption and sedimentation mechanism of nano bubbles; adjusting the nano bubble parameters based on water quality monitoring data and changes in the state of the ecological system; and optimizing the material and energy circulation of the water ecological system and strengthening the synergistic action through nano bubbles. The application significantly improves the pollution adaptability, automation degree and ecological stability, and realizes efficient and long-term stable restoration of complex polluted water bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic ecosystem restoration technology, and in particular to a method for the combined restoration of aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, commonly used technologies in the field of water ecological restoration mainly include physical filtration, chemical flocculation, biodegradation, and simple aeration and oxygenation technologies. These technologies can reduce pollutant concentrations or increase water oxygen content to a certain extent, but they are often not very adaptable to specific types of pollution and are difficult to maintain stable and efficient restoration effects in the long term. In particular, they are difficult to achieve ideal results in heavily polluted and complex water environments.

[0003] The aforementioned technologies have many shortcomings, specifically: the remediation process lacks a dynamic parameter adjustment mechanism for different pollutant characteristics, resulting in poor technological adaptability; the ecological restoration process lacks real-time feedback and control methods, resulting in low levels of automation and intelligence, making it difficult to ensure continuous, stable, and efficient remediation; and the efficiency of remediating pollutants using a single technology is low, making it difficult to achieve long-term stable ecological balance, leading to unstable ecological chains and poor long-term effects.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for the joint restoration of aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms. By dynamically and precisely adjusting the parameters of the nanobubbles, controlling the bubble size and density in real time through feedback, and combining the cascade synergistic effects of aquatic plants, animals, and microorganisms, it achieves rapid decontamination, long-term ecological stability, and efficient energy-saving operation of complex polluted water bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for the combined restoration of aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms, thereby solving the issues of poor adaptability to complex pollutants, low automation, and unstable long-term restoration effects in existing technologies.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: According to different stages of water ecological restoration, the nanobubble generation parameters are dynamically adjusted to provide a stable oxygen source and pollutant interface reaction platform for the water body.

[0008] Step S1 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0009] S1-1, the initial purification stage adopts the dispersed air method, which generates high-density small and medium-sized nanobubbles through shearing, swirling and mixing operations; by utilizing the high zeta potential and long-term suspension characteristics of the bubbles, the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen is improved and the generation of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced, thus degrading high concentrations of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the water.

[0010] S1-2, during the mid-term stabilization stage, the nanobubble generation parameters are moderately reduced to obtain a bubble community with smaller particle size and moderate concentration, which enhances the nutrient diffusion capacity with the plant rhizosphere and promotes root absorption efficiency and microbial community structure optimization.

[0011] S1-3, Long-term maintenance stage: Reduce the shear rate and gas supply intensity in the dispersed air method to generate low-density, ultra-small nanobubbles, prolong the suspension time of the bubbles in the water, and enhance the oxygen supply capacity of the bottom layer.

[0012] Step S2: For different types of polluted water bodies, dynamically match the physicochemical properties of nanobubbles with the types of pollutants, and combine them with the ecological structure formed by various aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms;

[0013] Step S2 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0014] S2-1, for eutrophic water bodies, increases bubble density in the initial stage, enhances the contact frequency and adsorption binding capacity between nanobubbles and phosphorus, and at the same time configures floating plants with strong enrichment capacity to work synergistically with facultative anaerobic microorganisms to remove total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen eutrophic factors.

[0015] S2-2, for water bodies polluted with heavy metals, adsorbs Cu through the negatively charged properties of nanobubbles. 2+ Pb 2+ Ions, and utilize the root enrichment function of submerged plants to achieve the capture and sedimentation of heavy metal ions, combined with the mud-disturbing and filtration effect of benthic filter feeders, to establish a multi-level synergistic chain for heavy metal removal.

[0016] S2-3 utilizes highly active hydroxyl radicals generated during the rupture of nanobubbles to degrade hydrocarbons and phenols in situ for organically polluted water bodies. Simultaneously, it introduces a plant-animal-microorganism combination composed of reeds, hydric algae, snails, and special degrading bacteria to form a highly efficient decomposition system through enhanced oxygen supply, filter feeding intervention, and microbial mineralization.

[0017] Step S3: Use multi-parameter sensors to monitor water quality in real time, and establish an intelligent control model for water quality and nanobubble parameters through fuzzy control and machine learning algorithms.

[0018] Step S3 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0019] S3-1 deploys a multi-parameter water quality sensor array, including dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, optical COD sensor, optical ammonia nitrogen sensor, colorimetric total phosphorus sensor, fluorescent chlorophyll sensor, and microbial ATP sensor, to achieve real-time monitoring of pollution indicators and dynamic comprehensive evaluation of the ecological restoration process.

[0020] S3-2, based on real-time monitoring data, employs a fuzzy logic controller to dynamically adjust the shear strength and gas supply rate according to the set water quality threshold range; it uses a random forest algorithm to build a prediction model through historical water quality monitoring data, predicts water quality change trends, and optimizes the size and density of nanobubbles in real time, thus responding quickly to water quality changes.

[0021] Step S4: Based on the characteristics of the pollutants, rationally select and arrange aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms to establish an ecological chain with synergistic effects among species.

[0022] Step S4 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0023] S4-1, targeting areas where heavy metal concentration indicators in the sensing system still have local enrichment, based on the output of the prediction model, selects to re-lay submerged plants in the area and increase the density of freshwater mussels. By strengthening root adsorption and animal filter feeding, combined with high zeta potential bubbles to promote heavy metal sedimentation, the ecological closure and pollution removal of the micro-area are enhanced.

[0024] S4-2 When the monitoring system detects frequent fluctuations in COD, ammonia nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations, the system automatically determines that local organic pollution has recurred. It dynamically adjusts the density of duckweed and water hyacinth, and regulates the distribution of snails and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, forming a three-in-one regulation mechanism with "plant shading and absorption – animal filter feeding and algae suppression – microbial mineralization" as the core, so as to achieve steady-state recovery of the system under pollution load fluctuations.

[0025] Step S5: Based on the changes in pollutant concentration and ecological structure during the restoration process, adjust the spatial layout and species combination of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and microorganisms in the ecosystem in stages.

[0026] Step S5 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0027] S5-1, the initial stage, aims to respond quickly to pollutants by introducing duckweed and water hyacinth, which are highly resistant to pollution and grow rapidly, and deploying them over a large area. Combined with an efficient nanobubble oxygenation mechanism, it reduces COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water.

[0028] S5-2, the intermediate stage, as pollutant concentration decreases, it is gradually replaced with submerged plants with more stable ecological structure, and mid-water fish and microbial complex are introduced to promote the transformation of the system from exogenous driving to ecological endogenous co-evolution, and enhance the system's homeostatic regulation capacity.

[0029] S5-3, the long-term stage, introduces emergent plants and benthic animals, combined with the continuous oxygen supply from ultra-small nanobubbles, to maintain the diversity and resilience of the ecosystem, and achieve natural succession and long-term homeostasis of the system.

[0030] Step S6: By optimizing the adsorption and sedimentation mechanism of nanobubbles and coordinating with the metabolic function of microbial communities, the efficient removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants is enhanced.

[0031] Step S6 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0032] S6-1 utilizes the high negative charge characteristics of nanobubble surfaces to achieve Cu 2+ Pb 2+ The efficient adsorption of metal ions, through the slow floating of bubbles with reduced bubble size, promotes the aggregation and sedimentation of pollutants. Combined with the enrichment and fixation effect of plant roots, the in-situ treatment of heavy metals is completed.

[0033] S6-2 utilizes the hydrophobicity of the nanobubble surface to form a linkage with detoxifying and metabolic bacteria in the microbial community, achieving complete biodegradation of pollutants based on bubble adsorption and enrichment, thus forming a closed-loop mechanism of "capture-transformation-removal".

[0034] Step S7: Based on real-time water quality monitoring data and changes in the ecosystem status, dynamically and precisely adjust the nanobubble parameters;

[0035] Step S7 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0036] S7-1 dynamically adjusts the bubble size range based on real-time monitoring data and ecosystem feedback signals to adapt to the needs of different stages in the pollutant degradation process.

[0037] S7-2 dynamically adjusts the density of nanobubbles by monitoring the trend of pollutant concentration changes. During the high pollution load stage, the bubble density is increased to enhance the decontamination effect, and the density is gradually reduced after the pollution load decreases to save energy, thus achieving a dynamic balance between remediation effect and energy consumption.

[0038] Step S8 involves optimizing the oxygen cycle and nutrient chain transfer efficiency of the aquatic ecosystem using nanobubbles, thereby strengthening the material and energy coupling relationship between plants, animals, and microorganisms.

[0039] Step S8 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0040] S8-1 continuously supplies oxygen to each layer of the water body through nanobubbles, thereby increasing dissolved oxygen levels and providing ideal conditions for plant photosynthesis, animal metabolism, and aerobic microbial reactions. These ideal conditions are: dissolved oxygen concentration above 6.0 mg / L, pH value of 6.5-8.0, and water temperature of 20℃-30℃. This creates a high-oxygen zone in the plant rhizosphere microenvironment, promoting microbial reproduction and pollutant transformation.

[0041] S8-2, through monitoring ecological indicators and system response data, regulates the proportion and spatial layout of various plants, animals and microorganisms to form a collaborative network of "producers-consumers-decomposers," thereby achieving the step-by-step purification, recycling and ecological closure of pollutants.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] This invention precisely matches different types of pollution, including heavy metals, eutrophication, and organic pollutants, by dynamically adjusting the size and density parameters of nanobubbles, significantly improving the treatment effect on complex polluted water bodies.

[0044] This invention combines nanobubbles with specific aquatic plants, animals, and microorganisms to construct a complete and stable ecological chain through the complementary use of multiple biological functions, thereby significantly improving pollutant removal efficiency and ecosystem stability.

[0045] This invention achieves long-term stability and self-purification capacity of the ecosystem by dynamically adjusting the configuration of ecological species and nanobubble parameters in stages, avoiding the problem that traditional methods have obvious short-term effects but declining long-term effects.

[0046] This invention eliminates the need for chemical reagents, avoiding secondary pollution. The nanobubble technology improves oxygen mass transfer efficiency and free radical generation efficiency, significantly reducing energy consumption and achieving energy-saving, environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient ecological restoration processes. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synergistic mechanism between nanobubbles and aquatic organisms in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to describe selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] Please refer to Figures 1-2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the synergistic mechanism between nanobubbles and aquatic organisms in this invention, including the following steps:

[0052] Step S1: According to different stages of water ecological restoration, the nanobubble generation parameters are dynamically adjusted to provide a stable oxygen source and pollutant interface reaction platform for the water body, serving the growth and metabolism of aquatic plants and animals and the construction of micro-ecosystems.

[0053] Step S1 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0054] S1-1, the initial purification stage (0-3 months), employs the dispersed air method, generating high-density small-to-medium-sized nanobubbles (e.g., density ≥ 460 million / mL, size approximately 100-500 nm) through shearing, swirling, and mixing operations. This fully utilizes their suspension stability and high Zeta potential characteristics to enhance oxygen mass transfer rate and promote hydroxyl radical generation, enabling the initial oxidation and decomposition of high-concentration COD and ammonia nitrogen.

[0055] S1-2, the mid-term stabilization stage (4-6 months), moderately reduces the nanobubble generation parameters to obtain a bubble population with smaller particle size and moderate concentration, enhances the nutrient diffusion capacity with the plant rhizosphere, promotes root absorption efficiency and optimizes the structure of the microbial community, thereby consolidating the initial remediation results and improving the ecological stability of the system.

[0056] S1-3, Long-term maintenance phase (7-12 months): Further reduce the shear rate and gas supply intensity in the dispersed air method, adjust the shear rate to a low load state, and reduce energy consumption; generate low-density ultra-small nanobubbles, prolong the suspension time of bubbles in water, enhance the oxygen supply capacity of the bottom layer, ensure the system's long-lasting self-cleaning performance under low pollution load, and effectively reduce system energy consumption.

[0057] It should be noted that the zeta potential refers to the potential difference between the sliding surface of colloidal particles and the surrounding medium. It is usually used to characterize the charge state and stability of the particle surface. When the zeta potential of the particle surface is high (positive or negative), the particles will remain dispersed and stable due to electrostatic repulsion. When the zeta potential is close to zero, the particles are prone to agglomeration and sedimentation.

[0058] Therefore, by regulating the zeta potential of nanobubbles, the stability, adsorption performance, and interaction with pollutants of the bubbles can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the water treatment effect.

[0059] Step S2 involves dynamically matching the physicochemical properties of nanobubbles with the type of pollutants for different types of polluted water bodies, and combining this with the ecological structure formed by various aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms to synergistically improve pollutant removal efficiency and system purification stability.

[0060] Step S2 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0061] S2-1, for eutrophic water bodies, appropriately increases the bubble density in the initial stage to enhance the contact frequency and adsorption binding capacity between nanobubbles and phosphorus. At the same time, it is equipped with floating plants with strong enrichment capacity such as duckweed and water hyacinth, which work together with facultative anaerobic microorganisms to remove eutrophic factors such as total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.

[0062] S2-2, for water bodies polluted with heavy metals, adsorbs Cu through the negatively charged properties of nanobubbles. 2+ Pb 2+ Plasma is used to capture and settle heavy metal ions by utilizing the root enrichment function of submerged plants such as Elodea and Vallisneria natans. Combined with the mud-disturbing and filtration effect of benthic filter feeders such as freshwater mussels, a multi-level synergistic chain for heavy metal removal is established.

[0063] S2-3 utilizes highly active hydroxyl radicals generated during the rupture of nanobubbles to degrade pollutants such as hydrocarbons and phenols in situ in water bodies polluted with organic matter. At the same time, a plant-animal-microorganism combination composed of reeds, black algae, snails and special degrading bacteria is introduced to form a highly efficient decomposition system through enhanced oxygen supply, filter feeding intervention and microbial mineralization.

[0064] Step S3 involves using multi-parameter sensors to monitor water quality in real time, and establishing an intelligent control model for water quality and nanobubble parameters through fuzzy control and machine learning algorithms to achieve automated and precise adjustment of the remediation process.

[0065] Step S3 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0066] S3-1 deploys a multi-parameter water quality sensor array, including dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, optical COD sensor, optical ammonia nitrogen sensor, colorimetric total phosphorus sensor, fluorescent chlorophyll sensor, and microbial ATP sensor, to achieve real-time monitoring of pollution indicators and dynamic comprehensive evaluation of the ecological restoration process.

[0067] S3-2, a feedback-based dynamic control system, is based on real-time monitoring data and combines fuzzy control and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, the fuzzy control uses a fuzzy logic controller to achieve preliminary dynamic adjustment of shear strength and gas supply rate by setting a series of clear water quality threshold ranges. Simultaneously, the machine learning algorithm uses a random forest algorithm to train and learn from historical monitoring data, establishing a predictive model between water quality changes and bubble parameters. This enables precise optimization and rapid response of bubble size and density, ensuring the automated and efficient operation of the ecological restoration system and real-time and precise adjustment of shear strength and gas supply rate in the dispersed air method system.

[0068] Step S4: Based on the characteristics of pollutants, rationally select and arrange aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms to establish an ecological chain with synergistic effects among species and strengthen the system coupling effect of pollutant removal.

[0069] Step S4 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0070] S4-1 targets areas where heavy metal concentration indicators in the sensing system still exhibit localized enrichment. Based on the output of the prediction model, submerged plants such as goldfish algae and water onions are replanted in these areas, and the density of freshwater mussels is increased. By enhancing root adsorption and animal filter feeding, combined with high-Zeta potential bubbles to promote heavy metal sedimentation, the ecological closure and pollution removal of the micro-area are enhanced.

[0071] S4-2 When the monitoring system detects frequent fluctuations in COD, ammonia nitrogen, or chlorophyll a concentrations, the system automatically determines that it is a local recurrence of organic pollution or an abnormal algal growth trend. It dynamically adjusts the density of duckweed and water hyacinth, and regulates the distribution of snails and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, forming a three-in-one regulation mechanism with "plant shading and absorption – animal filter feeding and algae suppression – microbial mineralization" as the core, so as to achieve steady-state recovery of the system under pollution load fluctuations.

[0072] It should be noted that the regional redistribution is based on the differences in pollutant concentration, type, or remediation function. Plants, animals, and microorganisms with different purification functions are arranged in zones and layers to gradually reduce pollutant concentration and achieve a step-by-step purification effect from high-pollution areas to low-pollution areas. This layout method can form a clear purification gradient, improve pollutant removal efficiency, and ultimately build a long-term stable ecological restoration system.

[0073] Furthermore, based on the characteristics of pollutants, various local aquatic plants, animals, and microorganisms are selected and deployed to construct a stable food web hierarchy, achieving synergistic purification. For example, in eutrophic organically polluted water bodies, floating plants such as duckweed and water hyacinth can be introduced to absorb excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the upper water layer; emergent / submerged plants such as reeds and Vallisneria natans can be planted to hold the bottom sediment in different water depth areas, adsorb heavy metals, and provide habitats; at the same time, filter-feeding benthic animals and omnivorous fish are introduced: snails and freshwater mussels control the content of algae and suspended organic matter through filter feeding, and have a significant removal effect on COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll; fish feed on plankton and some aquatic plants to prevent excessive algae and plant growth and maintain ecological balance.

[0074] It should be noted that the layout is differentiated based on the ecological niche, functional division of labor, and response characteristics of different types of organisms to the nanobubble environment:

[0075] Floating plants such as duckweed and water hyacinth, in the early stages of eutrophication with high pollution concentrations, absorb nitrogen and phosphorus through rapid growth, forming a shading layer to inhibit algal growth, and promote active nutrient absorption by roots through air bubbles. Emergent plants such as reeds and cattails have roots that penetrate deep into the sedimentary layer, stabilizing the shoreline and middle layer of bottom mud, while releasing oxygen to the rhizosphere to form an oxidation layer, aiding in denitrification. Their upright structure also provides shelter and substrate for the water body, enhancing habitat diversity. Submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum are mainly distributed at the bottom, and their photosynthesis is directly... It can improve the dissolved oxygen level in the middle and lower water layers, enhance root metabolism with the help of nanobubbles, and also has a strong ability to accumulate heavy metals; benthic animals such as freshwater mussels and snails remove suspended organic matter and microalgae from the water through filter feeding, and disturb the bottom sediment to promote the release of nutrients and plant reabsorption, thus acting as a "regulator" for material exchange at the water-sediment interface; fish such as silver carp and crucian carp control the number of plankton and prevent system outbreaks by feeding on zooplankton and plant debris, while their activities promote water disturbance and balanced oxygen distribution, forming an energy transfer hub.

[0076] In terms of microorganisms, functional bacterial groups such as nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and specific degradation bacteria are added. They are responsible for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen, reducing nitrates, and decomposing recalcitrant organic matter, respectively. These organisms together form a multi-trophic-level ecological chain: plants provide oxygen and shelter, animals connect nutrient flow, and microorganisms decompose residues, realizing the linkage of "producers-consumers-decomposers".

[0077] Nanobubble technology is integrated throughout the process. By increasing dissolved oxygen in the water and carrying negative charges to adsorb pollutants, it forms a gradient purification zone between different trophic levels, which enhances the effects of plant absorption, animal feeding, and microbial degradation, thus achieving synergistic removal of pollutants. Practice has proven that multi-species synergy is superior to single-species treatment: the combination of benthic mollusks, fish, and plants can significantly improve water quality indicators and overcome the shortcomings of single biological purification that are easily affected by seasonal and environmental fluctuations.

[0078] Step S5 involves adjusting the spatial layout and species composition of aquatic plants, aquatic animals, and microorganisms in the ecosystem in stages, based on the dynamic changes in pollutant concentration and ecological structure during the restoration process, to achieve an orderly transition from rapid purification to long-term stable self-purification.

[0079] Step S5 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0080] S5-1, the initial stage (0-3 months), aims to respond quickly to pollutants by introducing duckweed and water hyacinth, which are highly resistant to pollution and grow rapidly, for large-scale deployment. Combined with an efficient nanobubble oxygenation mechanism, it effectively reduces high-concentration pollution loads such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the water.

[0081] S5-2, the mid-term stage (4-6 months), as pollutant concentrations decrease, gradually replace them with submerged plants with more stable ecological structures, such as Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata, and introduce mid-water fish and microbial complexes to promote the transformation of the system from exogenous-driven to endogenous ecological co-evolution, thereby enhancing the system's homeostatic regulation capabilities.

[0082] S5-3, Long-term stage (7-12 months): Enrich the species structure of the ecological community by introducing emergent plants such as cattails and water onions, as well as benthic animals such as snails and freshwater mussels. Combined with the continuous oxygen supply from ultra-small nanobubbles, maintain the diversity and resilience of the ecosystem, and achieve natural succession and long-term homeostasis of the system.

[0083] Step S6 involves optimizing the adsorption and sedimentation mechanism of nanobubbles and coordinating them with the metabolic functions of the microbial community to enhance the efficient removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants, thereby achieving synergistic coupling between physical processes and biodegradation.

[0084] Step S6 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0085] S6-1 utilizes the high negative charge characteristics of nanobubble surfaces to achieve Cu 2+ Pb 2+ The efficient adsorption of metal ions, through the slow upward floating of reduced bubble size, promotes the aggregation and sedimentation of pollutants. Combined with the enrichment and fixation effect of plant roots, the in-situ treatment of heavy metals is completed.

[0086] S6-2 nanobubbles exhibit strong adsorption affinity for hydrophobic organic pollutants and form a linkage with detoxifying and metabolic bacteria in the microbial community. Based on the adsorption and enrichment of pollutants by bubbles, complete biodegradation of pollutants is achieved, forming a closed-loop mechanism of "capture-transformation-removal".

[0087] Step S7: Based on real-time water quality monitoring data and changes in the state of the ecosystem, the nanobubble parameters are dynamically and precisely adjusted to achieve the optimal dynamic balance between ecological restoration effects and energy consumption.

[0088] Step S7 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0089] S7-1 dynamically adjusts the bubble size range based on real-time monitoring data and ecosystem feedback signals to adapt to the needs of different stages in the pollutant degradation process, ensuring the efficient function of nanobubbles.

[0090] S7-2 dynamically adjusts the density of nanobubbles by monitoring the trend of pollutant concentration changes. During the high pollution load stage, the bubble density is increased to enhance the decontamination effect, and the density is gradually reduced after the pollution load decreases to save energy, thus achieving a dynamic balance between remediation effect and energy consumption.

[0091] It should be noted that ecological restoration systems have different technical requirements at different stages of pollutant degradation, as detailed below:

[0092] In the initial stage, the pollution load is high, and it is necessary to quickly reduce the concentration of pollutants; provide high-density, small-to-medium-sized nanobubbles to rapidly increase oxygen supply, enhance oxidation capacity and microbial activity.

[0093] In the intermediate stage, the pollution load gradually decreases and the ecological structure gradually stabilizes; by appropriately reducing the density of nanobubbles and providing small-sized nanobubbles, the diffusion of nutrients and the effective absorption by plant roots can be promoted, thus consolidating the initial remediation effect.

[0094] In the long term, the pollution load has been significantly reduced, and the ecosystem has entered a long-term stable maintenance phase. Further reducing bubble density and providing ultra-small nanobubbles to extend suspension time, reduce energy consumption, and maintain the long-term self-purification capacity and stability of the ecosystem.

[0095] Step S8 involves optimizing the oxygen cycle and nutrient chain transfer efficiency of the aquatic ecosystem by relying on nanobubbles, strengthening the material and energy coupling relationship between plants, animals and microorganisms, and systematically improving the collaborative purification capacity and long-term self-sustaining level of the ecological chain.

[0096] Step S8 also includes the following sub-steps:

[0097] S8-1 continuously supplies oxygen to each layer of the water body through nanobubbles, providing ideal conditions for plant photosynthesis, animal metabolism, and aerobic reactions of microorganisms. The ideal conditions are an dissolved oxygen concentration higher than 6.0 mg / L, a pH value of 6.5-8.0, and a water temperature of 20℃-30℃. In particular, it forms a high-oxygen zone in the plant rhizosphere microenvironment, promoting microbial reproduction and pollutant transformation.

[0098] S8-2, through ecological indicator monitoring and system response data, precisely regulates the quantity ratio and spatial layout of various plants, animals and microorganisms, forming an efficient collaborative network of "producers-consumers-decomposers" to achieve step-by-step purification, recycling and ecological closure of pollutants.

[0099] It should be noted that the micro-ecological environment created by plant roots refers to the special local environment formed by the roots of aquatic plants in the water, providing a large amount of root surface space as a place for microorganisms to attach, reproduce and move.

[0100] Meanwhile, the root system regulates the pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentration of the rhizosphere environment by secreting substances such as oxygen, organic acids, and sugars, promoting the activity and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms. This root-microorganism interaction helps to enhance the degradation, transformation, and absorption of pollutants, thereby improving the restoration efficiency and stability of the aquatic ecosystem.

[0101] In the later stages of ecological restoration, nanobubble technology is further used to optimize the material cycle and energy flow of the aquatic ecosystem, and to strengthen the synergistic effect between plants, animals and microorganisms. The nanobubbles continuously deliver oxygen to all layers of the water body and the bottom sediment layer, improving the redox environment of the entire system: dissolved oxygen in the water body is maintained at a high level, organic matter decomposition is more thorough, and nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are more complete; oxygen nanobubble modified carriers are used to construct an "oxygen-locking layer" at the sediment-water interface, which increases the DO of the overlying water from 1.5 to >3.5 mg / L, and the oxygen diffusion depth in the sediment from 0 to 3 cm, thereby inhibiting the release of endogenous nutrients for a long time.

[0102] With ample oxygen, aerobic microorganisms are dominant: heterotrophic bacteria decompose organic pollutants into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts, while nitrifying bacteria oxidize ammonia nitrogen into nitrate. Subsequently, in a deep micro-oxygen environment, denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas, completing the nitrogen cycle. This microbial-driven biogeochemical cycle is enhanced by nanobubbles, significantly reducing pollution indicators such as COD and ammonia nitrogen in the water. At the same time, multi-level material exchange occurs between plants, animals, and microorganisms: aquatic plants absorb and utilize inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus produced by microbial mineralization through their roots, and return some organic carbon to microorganisms through fallen leaves and root secretions, constructing a healthy rhizosphere micro-ecosystem. Aquatic animals act as intermediaries in the nutrient cycle, transferring and transforming nutrients between plants and microorganisms through their feeding and excretion.

[0103] For example, the feeding activities of benthic animals agitate sediments, accelerating the exchange of nutrients between sediments and water, which is beneficial for the fixation and utilization of deposited phosphorus. Under the regulation of nanobubbles, the above-mentioned interaction pathways are more unimpeded: the negative charge carried by the bubbles makes suspended organic particles easier for benthic filter feeders and microorganisms to capture and degrade; oxidizing bubbles can also inhibit pathogens and algae, creating a good aquatic environment and promoting the stable reproduction of biological populations at all trophic levels; as a result, the stability and synergy of the entire ecosystem are greatly improved: the originally separate purification links are connected into a highly efficient cycle by nanobubbles, and the improvement of water quality tends to be long-term and sustainable.

[0104] In the nanobubble and aquatic organism synergistic remediation system described in this invention, the nanobubble generating equipment used is a professionally designed and developed equipment specifically for scenarios such as environmental water ecological restoration, aquaculture water quality optimization, and pollution control. It has technical advantages such as high-concentration gas production, ultra-fine particle size control, stable output, intelligent adjustment, and low energy consumption.

[0105] The nanobubble generation described in this invention utilizes a nanobubble generator from Hunan Yunzhong Technology Co., Ltd., specifically designed and developed for complex scenarios such as environmental aquatic ecological restoration, aquaculture water quality optimization, and pollution control. This nanobubble generator operates based on the principle of dispersed air, using mechanical shearing, swirling, and vigorous stirring to disperse air or oxygen into stable nanobubbles. It possesses significant advantages such as high gas production efficiency, precise bubble size control, wide applicability, and low energy consumption, and exhibits the following technical characteristics:

[0106] By employing the dispersed air method, gas is mechanically broken into a large number of nanobubbles (MNBS) through vigorous stirring, high-speed swirling, and hydraulic shearing, and then rapidly mixed into the liquid phase, achieving thorough gas-liquid mixing and significantly improving the dissolution efficiency of gases such as oxygen.

[0107] The equipment can stably and continuously generate bubbles with a particle size concentrated between 10 and 500 nanometers, with more than 95% of the bubbles having a particle size of less than 500 nm and a high proportion concentrated in the 100-300 nm range. It is suitable for targeted treatment of eutrophic substances, heavy metals, organic pollution, and other similar issues.

[0108] Under rated operating conditions, the bubble concentration can reach 460 million bubbles / mL, which can rapidly increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water to >6.0 mg / L in a short time, significantly enhancing oxygen supply to the plant rhizosphere and microbial activity.

[0109] Based on real-time acquired indicators such as pH, DO, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, the gas type (air / pure oxygen / ozone), shear rate, and gas input can be dynamically adjusted to achieve on-demand gas supply and responsive control.

[0110] High adaptability and durability: The main body of the equipment and the pipeline are made of corrosion-resistant materials, which can adapt to various complex water quality environments such as fresh water, eutrophic water, and weakly alkaline water. It supports online automatic cleaning and pulse backwashing mechanism to ensure that the equipment can run for a long time without blockage. A single unit can run stably for more than 5,000 hours.

[0111] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: According to different stages of water ecological restoration, the nanobubble generation parameters are dynamically adjusted to provide a stable oxygen source and pollutant interface reaction platform for the water body. Step S2: For different types of polluted water bodies, dynamically match the physicochemical properties of nanobubbles with the types of pollutants, and combine them with the ecological structure formed by various aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms; Step S3: Use multi-parameter sensors to monitor water quality in real time, and establish an intelligent control model for water quality and nanobubble parameters through fuzzy control and machine learning algorithms. Step S4: Based on the characteristics of the pollutants, rationally select and arrange aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms to establish an ecological chain with synergistic effects among species. Step S5: Based on the changes in pollutant concentration and ecological structure during the restoration process, adjust the spatial layout and species combination of aquatic plants, aquatic animals and microorganisms in the ecosystem in stages. Step S6: By optimizing the adsorption and sedimentation mechanism of nanobubbles and coordinating with the metabolic function of microbial communities, the efficient removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants is enhanced. Step S7: Based on real-time water quality monitoring data and changes in the ecosystem status, dynamically and precisely adjust the nanobubble parameters; Step S8: Optimize the oxygen cycle and nutrient chain transfer efficiency of the aquatic ecosystem by relying on nanobubbles, and strengthen the material and energy coupling relationship between plants, animals and microorganisms. Step S1 also includes the following sub-steps: S1-1, the initial purification stage adopts the dispersed air method, which generates high-density small and medium-sized nanobubbles through shearing, swirling and mixing operations; by utilizing the high zeta potential and long-term suspension characteristics of the bubbles, the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen is improved and the generation of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced, thus degrading high concentrations of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the water. S1-2, during the mid-term stabilization stage, the nanobubble generation parameters are moderately reduced to obtain a bubble community with smaller particle size and moderate concentration, which enhances the nutrient diffusion capacity with the plant rhizosphere and promotes root absorption efficiency and microbial community structure optimization. S1-3, Long-term maintenance stage, reduces the shear rate and gas supply intensity in the dispersed air method, generates low-density ultra-small nanobubbles, prolongs the suspension time of bubbles in water, and enhances the oxygen supply capacity of the bottom layer. Step S2 also includes the following sub-steps: S2-1, for eutrophic water bodies, increases bubble density in the initial stage, enhances the contact frequency and adsorption binding capacity between nanobubbles and phosphorus, and at the same time configures floating plants with strong enrichment capacity to work synergistically with facultative anaerobic microorganisms to remove total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen eutrophic factors. S2-2, for water bodies polluted by heavy metals, adsorbs Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions through the negatively charged properties of nanobubbles, and uses the root enrichment function of submerged plants to capture and settle heavy metal ions. Combined with the mud-disturbing and filtration effect of benthic filter feeders, a multi-level synergistic chain for heavy metal removal is established. S2-3 utilizes highly active hydroxyl radicals generated during the rupture of nanobubbles to degrade hydrocarbons and phenols in situ for organically polluted water bodies. Simultaneously, it introduces a plant-animal-microorganism combination composed of reeds, hydric algae, snails, and special degrading bacteria to form a highly efficient decomposition system through enhanced oxygen supply, filter feeding intervention, and microbial mineralization.

2. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 also includes the following sub-steps: S3-1 deploys a multi-parameter water quality sensor array, including dissolved oxygen sensor, pH sensor, optical COD sensor, optical ammonia nitrogen sensor, colorimetric total phosphorus sensor, fluorescent chlorophyll sensor, and microbial ATP sensor, to achieve real-time monitoring of pollution indicators and dynamic comprehensive evaluation of the ecological restoration process. S3-2, based on real-time monitoring data, employs a fuzzy logic controller to dynamically adjust the shear strength and gas supply rate according to the set water quality threshold range; it uses a random forest algorithm to build a prediction model through historical water quality monitoring data, predicts water quality change trends, and optimizes the size and density of nanobubbles in real time, thus responding quickly to water quality changes.

3. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4 also includes the following sub-steps: S4-1, targeting areas where heavy metal concentration indicators in the sensing system still have local enrichment, based on the output of the prediction model, selects to re-lay submerged plants in the area and increase the density of freshwater mussels. By strengthening root adsorption and animal filter feeding, combined with high zeta potential bubbles to promote heavy metal sedimentation, the ecological closure and pollution removal of the micro-area are enhanced. S4-2 When the monitoring system detects frequent fluctuations in COD, ammonia nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations, the system automatically determines that local organic pollution has recurred. It dynamically adjusts the density of duckweed and water hyacinth, and regulates the distribution of snails and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, forming a three-in-one regulation mechanism with "plant shading and absorption – animal filter feeding and algae suppression – microbial mineralization" as the core, so as to achieve steady-state recovery of the system under pollution load fluctuations.

4. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S5 also includes the following sub-steps: S5-1, the initial stage, aims to respond quickly to pollutants by introducing duckweed and water hyacinth, which are highly resistant to pollution and grow rapidly, and deploying them over a large area. Combined with an efficient nanobubble oxygenation mechanism, it reduces COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water. S5-2, the intermediate stage, as pollutant concentration decreases, it is gradually replaced with submerged plants with more stable ecological structure, and mid-water fish and microbial complex are introduced to promote the transformation of the system from exogenous driving to ecological endogenous co-evolution, and enhance the system's homeostatic regulation capacity. S5-3, the long-term stage, introduces emergent plants and benthic animals, combined with the continuous oxygen supply from ultra-small nanobubbles, to maintain the diversity and resilience of the ecosystem, and achieve natural succession and long-term homeostasis of the system.

5. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S6 also includes the following sub-steps: S6-1 utilizes the high negative charge characteristics of nanobubble surfaces to achieve Cu 2+ Pb 2+ The efficient adsorption of metal ions, through the slow floating of bubbles with reduced bubble size, promotes the aggregation and sedimentation of pollutants. Combined with the enrichment and fixation effect of plant roots, the in-situ treatment of heavy metals is completed. S6-2 utilizes the hydrophobicity of the nanobubble surface to form a linkage with detoxifying and metabolic bacteria in the microbial community, achieving complete biodegradation of pollutants based on bubble adsorption and enrichment, forming a closed-loop mechanism of "capture-transformation-removal".

6. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S7 also includes the following sub-steps: S7-1 dynamically adjusts the bubble size range based on real-time monitoring data and ecosystem feedback signals to adapt to the needs of different stages in the pollutant degradation process. S7-2 dynamically adjusts the density of nanobubbles by monitoring the trend of pollutant concentration changes. During the high pollution load stage, the bubble density is increased to enhance the decontamination effect, and the density is gradually reduced after the pollution load decreases to save energy, thus achieving a dynamic balance between remediation effect and energy consumption.

7. The method for jointly restoring aquatic ecosystems using nanobubbles and aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S8 also includes the following sub-steps: S8-1 continuously supplies oxygen to each layer of the water body through nanobubbles, thereby increasing dissolved oxygen levels and providing ideal conditions for plant photosynthesis, animal metabolism, and aerobic microbial reactions. These ideal conditions are: dissolved oxygen concentration above 6.0 mg / L, pH value of 6.5-8.0, and water temperature of 20℃-30℃. This creates a high-oxygen zone in the plant rhizosphere microenvironment, promoting microbial reproduction and pollutant transformation. S8-2, through monitoring ecological indicators and system response data, regulates the proportion and spatial layout of various plants, animals and microorganisms to form a collaborative network of "producers-consumers-decomposers" and achieves the step-by-step purification, recycling and ecological closure of pollutants.

Images