Ecological slope protection structure and construction method suitable for hot and humid areas in southeast China

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ecological slope protection structure suitable for use in hot and humid areas in the southeast, and a construction method thereof. The scheme includes a slope to be supported, a dry-laid rubble retaining wall, a grouting pipe, a degradable U-shaped trough, a guide layer, a monitoring system, and an automatic irrigation device. The dry-laid rubble retaining wall maintains the critical stability of the slope, and the pre-buried grouting pipe is injected with a two-component polymer of isocyanate and polyether polyol to quickly bond the rubble to form a polymer mortar-laid rubble retaining wall, thereby improving the initial stability. The degradable U-shaped trough is arranged on the outside of the retaining wall, and a guide layer containing hemp fiber, coconut fiber, and plant growth hormone is laid on the bottom to guide the roots of plants on the top of the slope and on the horse trail to grow directional along the surface of the retaining wall. The monitoring system monitors root growth and environmental parameters in real time, and links the automatic irrigation device to achieve precise irrigation. The present invention achieves rapid reinforcement, long-term stability, and ecological restoration effects through the synergistic effect of polymer grouting and vegetation roots, and is suitable for slope support projects in hot and humid areas in the southeast.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope support engineering, and in particular to an ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof suitable for hot and humid southeastern regions. The structure achieves rapid stabilization and long-term ecological restoration of the slope through the synergistic effect of polymer grouting and vegetation root reinforcement. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of urbanization and infrastructure construction, slope instability is a frequent problem in the hot and humid southeastern region, due to high temperatures and heavy rainfall, which weakens the mechanical properties of rock and soil. While traditional slope reinforcement technologies (such as concrete retaining walls and anchor support) can improve stability in the short term, they are associated with complex construction processes, long maintenance cycles, and high material costs (the cost per cubic meter is 30%-50% higher than dry-laid stone). Furthermore, the rigid structures damage the ecological environment, making it difficult to achieve landscape integration.

[0003] In recent years, ecological slope protection technology has been gradually applied by combining vegetation root reinforcement with engineering measures. However, existing technologies generally have two major defects:

[0004] ① Insufficient initial support strength: relying solely on vegetation growth (such as direct sowing of herbaceous plants) requires 3-6 months to form an effective root network, during which time the slope is susceptible to erosion and instability due to rainwater;

[0005] ② Lack of directional guidance for root growth: Naturally grown roots are distributed in a disordered manner, and their adsorption and reinforcement effect on the retaining wall surface is limited. In addition, the durability of degradable materials (such as traditional straw fibers) in hot and humid environments is insufficient, making it difficult to guide the roots to extend along the predetermined path for a long time.

[0006] Furthermore, existing technologies fail to address the synergistic effects of rapid reinforcement and ecological restoration—the ability to rapidly improve slope stability during construction while also achieving long-term reinforcement and ecological restoration through vegetation root systems. Therefore, a new slope protection technology is urgently needed that balances construction efficiency, support strength, and eco-friendliness. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and provide an ecological slope protection structure suitable for the humid and hot areas of the southeast. A high-strength support structure is formed by injecting polymers into the dry-laid stone retaining wall through pre-embedded grouting pipes for rapid bonding. The degradable U-shaped groove and the natural fiber guide layer are combined to directionally cultivate the vegetation roots, thereby constructing a collaborative slope protection system of "rapid reinforcement by polymer grouting - long-term support for vegetation roots - intelligent monitoring and ecological regulation".

[0008] In order to achieve the above application purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The ecological slope protection structure suitable for the hot and humid southeast region includes:

[0009] Slope to be supported;

[0010] Dry-laid stone retaining walls are built on the periphery of the slope to be supported to maintain the critical stability of the slope;

[0011] Grouting flower tubes are pre-buried in dry-laid stone retaining walls and are used for polymer grouting to bond the stone;

[0012] Degradable U-shaped troughs are placed outside the dry-stone retaining wall to guide the directional growth of vegetation roots;

[0013] The guide layer is laid at the bottom of the U-shaped trough and is made of natural fiber material to promote the growth of roots in a predetermined direction;

[0014] The roots of plants on the slope top and bridleway are attached to the surface of dry-laid stone retaining wall through U-shaped grooves;

[0015] A monitoring system, including a pinhole camera, pressure sensor, humidity detector, and LED light, is used to monitor root growth and environmental parameters in real time;

[0016] The automatic irrigation device is connected to the monitoring system signal to achieve precise irrigation based on humidity data.

[0017] Furthermore, the degradable U-shaped trough is made of polylactic acid (PLA), and its degradation cycle matches the growth cycle of vegetation roots. It is arranged in a grid pattern with a spacing of 1 to 5 meters.

[0018] Furthermore, the guide layer comprises a composite of hemp fiber and coconut husk fiber, has a thickness of 3 to 5 cm, and is doped with 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of plant growth hormone, and the fiber direction is consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring system is connected to the central monitoring system through a wireless communication module, the pinhole camera is connected to the electronic device through Wi-Fi, and the automatic irrigation device is controlled by the electronic device through the Internet of Things.

[0020] Furthermore, the plants on the top of the slope and the plants on the bridle path are banyan trees.

[0021] A construction method for the above-mentioned ecological slope protection structure suitable for the hot and humid southeastern region comprises the following steps:

[0022] S1. Backfill the fill slope in layers from bottom to top, with each layer 0.25-1m thick and a compaction degree >94%; excavate the cut slope in layers from top to bottom; provide a 2-4m wide bridleway for each level of the fill or cut slope when the height is 6-10m.

[0023] S2. Build a dry-laid stone retaining wall outside the slope. The retaining wall foundation is built with dry-laid stone. The height of each retaining wall level is consistent with the height of the slope at the same level. The top width is 0.4-0.6m, and the foundation is buried at a depth of 0.5-1.0m.

[0024] S3. Pre-embed grouting tubes in the dry-laid stone retaining wall. The spacing between the grouting tubes is 2-4m. They are set in the middle of the wall top with an inclination angle the same as the retaining wall slope. The tube length is 3-5m and the diameter is 10-50mm.

[0025] S4. Lay a degradable U-shaped trough on the outside of the dry-laid stone retaining wall and lay a guide layer at the bottom of the U-shaped trough;

[0026] S5. Plant bridleway plants in the planting pits at the top of the bridleway and plant slope-top plants at the top of the slope;

[0027] S6. Injecting a two-component polymer slurry through a grouting tube to form a polymer mortar-laid stone retaining wall;

[0028] S7. Install a pinhole camera, a pressure sensor, a humidity detector, and an LED light in the U-shaped groove, align the automatic irrigation device with the U-shaped groove, and implement automatic irrigation based on the humidity detector data.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S4, the U-shaped groove is cleaned before laying the guide layer, and the hemp fiber and coconut husk fiber composite is evenly laid with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm, with the fiber direction consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove, and plant growth regulators are added.

[0030] Furthermore, in step S6, polymer slurry fills the gaps between dry-laid rubble stones, cements the rubble stones and the retaining wall foundation, and quickly improves the initial stability of the slope.

[0031] Furthermore, in step S7, a monitoring system is arranged every 1 to 3 meters, and the pressure sensor and humidity detector transmit data to the central monitoring system through the wireless communication module to achieve real-time monitoring of root growth and soil environment.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S6, the polymer is isocyanate and polyether polyol, the ratio is 1:1, the grouting rate is 10 L / min, the expansion rate is 5 to 20 times, and the construction temperature is 5 to 40°C.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. Efficient construction and rapid initial reinforcement:

[0035] The dry-laid stone retaining wall combined with polymer grouting technology eliminates the need for cement mortar operations and a long curing period. The polymer slurry (isocyanate and polyether polyol) rapidly expands and solidifies after mixing (expansion rate 5 to 20 times), which can quickly bond the stone and retaining wall foundation, significantly improving the initial stability of the slope and solving the problems of complex and long-term construction of traditional rigid support.

[0036] 2. Combination of eco-friendliness and long-term stability:

[0037] The degradable U-shaped trough (polylactic acid PLA material) and natural fiber guide layer (hemp fiber, coconut husk fiber) are used to guide the directional growth of vegetation roots, avoiding pollution from traditional plastic materials; after the U-shaped trough is degraded, the roots of plants such as banyan trees continue to adhere to the surface of the retaining wall to form a mesh reinforcement structure, achieving the synergy of "rapid support with engineering measures" and "long-term reinforcement of vegetation roots", taking into account the long-term stability of the slope and ecological restoration.

[0038] 3. Intelligent monitoring and precise maintenance:

[0039] It integrates monitoring devices such as pinhole cameras, pressure sensors, and humidity detectors to obtain real-time root growth and soil environment data. It controls automatic irrigation devices through the Internet of Things to achieve precise irrigation, improve the intelligence level of slope maintenance, and reduce the cost of manual intervention.

[0040] 4. Rigid and flexible composite reinforcement system:

[0041] The dry-laid rubble retaining wall and polymer grouting form a rigid skeleton to provide initial support. At the same time, the polymer slurry fills the gaps between the rubble, which can effectively inhibit rainwater infiltration and prevent rainfall erosion on the slope. The vegetation roots are directionally adsorbed on the surface of the retaining wall through the guide layer to form a flexible reinforcement layer. The rigid-flexible structural design effectively responds to the environmental challenges of frequent rain and easy degradation of the mechanical properties of rock and soil in the humid and hot southeast region, making up for the shortcomings of the traditional single reinforcement method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 This is a side view of the ecological slope protection structure of the present invention suitable for hot and humid areas in the southeast;

[0043] Figure 2 It is the elevation view of each level of the slope of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is the U-shaped groove structure diagram of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the planting pit and the U-shaped groove of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 is the slope stability result diagram of the unsupported slope;

[0047] Figure 6 This is the slope stability result diagram of the slope supported by the dry-laid stone retaining wall;

[0048] Figure 7 This is the slope stability result diagram of the slope supported by the grouting-formed mortar-laid stone retaining wall;

[0049] Figure 8 This is the slope stability result diagram of the slope supported by the mortar-laid stone retaining wall after the vegetation on the retaining wall surface and the slope top has taken root.

[0050] In the figure, 1. Slope to be supported; 2. Dry-laid rubble retaining wall; 3. Grouting flower tube; 4. Plants on the top of the slope; 5. Plants on the bridleway; 6. U-shaped groove; 7. Guide layer; 8. Pinhole camera; 9. Pressure sensor; 10. Humidity detector; 11. LED light; 12. Automatic irrigation device; 13. Planting pit; 14. Vegetation root system; 15. Mortar-laid rubble retaining wall; 16. Root system on the outer surface of the retaining wall; 17. Multiple vertical root systems on the top of the slope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment takes the excavated slope of a highway in the humid and hot southeast region as an example. The total height of the slope is 40m, divided into 4 levels, each level is 10m high, the slope ratio is 1:0.5, the rock and soil cohesion is 15kPa, and the internal friction angle is 30°. The ecological slope protection structure and method described in the present invention are used for support.

[0055] In this embodiment, if Figure 1-4 As shown in the figure, this ecological slope protection structure suitable for the hot and humid southeast region includes:

[0056] 1. Dry-laid stone retaining wall 2 and grouting system

[0057] Retaining wall construction: 2 dry-laid stone retaining walls are built around each level of the slope. The retaining wall is 10m high, 0.5m wide at the top, 0.8m deep in the foundation, and 0.3m wider than the bottom of the wall (adjusted according to geological conditions). M30 stone is used for dry-laid stone to maintain the critical stability of the slope.

[0058] Pre-buried grouting flower pipe 3: Pre-buried grouting flower pipe 3 in the middle of the top of the retaining wall, with a spacing of 3m, a pipe length of 4m, a diameter of 25mm, and an inclination angle consistent with the slope of the retaining wall (1:0.5), for subsequent polymer grouting.

[0059] 2. Vegetation guidance and monitoring system

[0060] Degradable U-shaped groove 6: Polylactic acid (PLA) U-shaped groove 6 (groove depth 8cm, groove width 10cm) is arranged in a grid pattern at intervals of 2m on the outside of the retaining wall. It is made of corn starch-based material and has a degradation cycle of about 4 years, which matches the maturity period of the banyan tree roots.

[0061] Laying of the guide layer 7: A 4 cm thick composite of hemp fiber and coconut bran fiber (mass ratio 1:1) is laid at the bottom of the U-shaped groove 6, evenly mixed with 0.3 wt% indoleacetic acid. The fiber direction is consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove 6, and the surface is lightly pressed and fixed to provide a directional growth path for the roots.

[0062] Monitoring and irrigation: A monitoring device is installed every 2 meters inside the U-shaped trough 6. It includes a pinhole camera 8 (connected to a mobile phone via Wi-Fi), a pressure sensor 9 (accuracy ±2%), and a humidity detector 10 (triggering irrigation when the threshold is <60%). Data is transmitted to the central monitoring system via NB-IoT. An automatic irrigation device 12 is installed on the bridleway, aligned with the U-shaped trough 6, and receives instructions from the central system via the Internet of Things for precise water spraying.

[0063] 3. Vegetation configuration

[0064] Slope top plant 4: Banyan trees (DBH 10cm) are planted on the slope top with a spacing of 5m. The roots grow vertically downward to enhance the shear resistance of the slope top.

[0065] Bridleway plants 5: Banyan seedlings are planted in the planting pit 13 (50 cm in diameter, 40 cm in depth) at the top of the bridleway. The roots extend horizontally along the retaining wall surface through the U-shaped groove 6. After 3 months, the roots initially adhere to the retaining wall surface.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] Based on the same concept, and taking Example 1 as a basis, this embodiment provides a construction method of the above-mentioned ecological slope protection structure suitable for the hot and humid southeast region, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0068] S1. For fill slopes, backfill layer by layer from bottom to top and use a roller to compact them. The layer thickness is 0.25~1m, the compaction degree of each layer is greater than 94%, the number of rolling passes is greater than 5, the slope ratio of each level is 1:1~1:0.5, and a bridleway with a width of 2~4m is provided when the fill height of each level is 6~10m. For excavation slopes, excavate layer by layer from top to bottom, the slope ratio of each level is 1:1~1:0.5, and a bridleway with a width of 2~4m is provided when the excavation height of each level is 6~10m.

[0069] S2. While excavating or backfilling the slope, a dry-laid rubble retaining wall 2 is built on the periphery of the slope to ensure that the slope maintains critical stability. The retaining wall foundation is also built with dry-laid rubble. The height of each retaining wall is consistent with the height of the excavation or backfill slope of the same level, which is also 6~10m. The width of the top of the retaining wall is usually 0.4~0.6m, the foundation burial depth is usually 0.5~1.0m, and the foundation width is generally 0.2~0.5m wider than the bottom of the retaining wall, depending on the geological conditions.

[0070] S3. Pre-embed grouting flower tubes 3 in the dry-laid rubble retaining wall 2 to facilitate the subsequent slurry to penetrate and bond in the rubble retaining wall. Grouting flower tubes 3 are arranged every 2 to 4 meters and set in the middle of the wall top. The inclination angle is the same as the slope of the retaining wall. The tube length is 3 to 5 meters and the diameter of the flower tube is 10 to 50 mm.

[0071] S4. On the outside of the dry-laid stone retaining wall 2, according to the required slope stability requirements, degradable U-shaped grooves 6 (the material can be polylactic acid (PL), which is made from renewable resources such as corn starch and has good biodegradability) are laid out. The U-shaped grooves 6 are arranged in a grid pattern with a spacing of 1 to 5 meters to allow the subsequent growth of vegetation roots 14 in the grooves. The roots can be directly adsorbed on the outer surface of the retaining wall, thereby improving the stability of the retaining wall.

[0072] S5. A planting pit 13 is set at the top of the horse path on each slope, connected to the U-shaped groove 6, for the subsequent growth of vegetation roots 14 along the U-shaped groove 6;

[0073] S6. After reaching the slope elevation, two-component polymer grouting is performed at the bridle path of each slope step. The polymer can be isocyanate and polyether polyol. After mixing, the two rapidly expand and solidify, filling the gaps between the dry-laid rubble and quickly bonding the rubble together to form a polymer-mortared rubble retaining wall. Simultaneously, the retaining wall foundation is also bonded by the polymer, improving slope stability. The polymer grouting mix ratio is 1:1 isocyanate to polyether polyol, and the application temperature is 5-40°C. The grouting rate is 10 L / min, and the expansion ratio is 5-20 times.

[0074] S7. Place pressure sensors 9, humidity detectors 10, LED lights 11, and pinhole cameras 8 in U-shaped grooves 6 to monitor the growth of plant roots 14 and assess their effectiveness in reinforcing the slope. The pressure sensors 9, humidity detectors 10, LED lights 11, and pinhole cameras 8 can be arranged based on the specific construction situation, with one set of sensors placed every 1 to 3 meters.

[0075] Trees are planted in the bridleway planting pits 13 on each slope level, and the U-shaped grooves 6 guide the growth of the plant roots 14. Once the roots have fully grown, slope stability is further improved. At this point, the U-shaped grooves 6 have completely degraded, allowing the fixed roots to continue to grow and develop, further enhancing slope stability and achieving a natural slope protection system, achieving a balance between aesthetics and safety. Trees are planted at the top of the slope, where the rock and soil are subject to tension and shear. The plant roots 14 grow vertically downward, resisting tension and shear, and improving slope stability.

[0076] In this embodiment, step S4 also includes laying the guide layer 7: before laying the guide layer 7, the U-shaped groove 6 needs to be cleaned to ensure that there are no impurities, gravel or other obstacles that may affect the growth of the root system in the groove. The hemp fiber and coconut husk fiber composite is evenly laid in the U-shaped groove 6 to ensure that the guide layer 7 is flat and has no obvious gaps. The laying thickness is generally 3-5 cm. The direction of the fiber should be consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove 6 to guide the root system to grow along the direction of the groove. To prevent the guide layer 7 from shifting during construction, the surface of the fiber layer can be lightly compacted, or a small amount of degradable fiber mesh can be used for fixation. Plant growth regulators (such as rooting powder, indoleacetic acid, etc.) are additionally added to the guide layer 7 to promote root growth and promote its growth along the U-shaped groove 6.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] Based on the same concept, further implementation is carried out on the basis of Example 2, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0079] 1. Slope preprocessing (step S1)

[0080] The slope is excavated layer by layer from top to bottom. When the height of each slope reaches 10m, a 3m wide horseway is set up, which is inclined inward at 3° to facilitate drainage.

[0081] 2. Retaining wall construction and grouting (steps S2-S3, S6)

[0082] A dry-laid rubble retaining wall 2 was constructed simultaneously, with the foundation made of dry-laid rubble at a depth of 0.8 m. After the pre-buried grouting tube 3, a two-component polymer of isocyanate and polyether polyol (ratio 1:1) was injected at a grouting rate of 10 L / min and a construction temperature of 25°C. The slurry expanded 10 times and filled the gaps between the rubbles. It solidified within 2 hours to form a polymer mortar-laid rubble retaining wall. The cohesion was increased to above 300 kPa, while the internal friction angle did not change much.

[0083] 3. Construction of vegetation guide layer 7 (steps S4, S7)

[0084] After cleaning the impurities in the U-shaped groove 6, lay a 4 cm thick hemp fiber-coconut bran fiber composite, add rooting powder (concentration 0.2 g / L), and arrange the fibers longitudinally along the retaining wall to ensure that the roots grow along the direction of the U-shaped groove 6.

[0085] 4. Monitoring and irrigation system installation (step S7)

[0086] A pressure sensor 9 (3 cm from the bottom of the trough) and a humidity detector 10 (2 cm from the bottom of the trough) are installed in the middle of the U-shaped trough 6. An LED light 11 (red light with a wavelength of 660 nm) is set every 3 meters to guide the roots to grow towards the light; the spacing between the nozzles of the automatic irrigation device 12 is consistent with the spacing between the U-shaped troughs 6 (2 meters), and the water spraying range covers the entire trough.

[0087] 5. Vegetation maintenance and effect monitoring

[0088] In the first week after construction, the root system was observed to germinate in the guide layer 7 through the pinhole camera 8; on the 30th day, the pressure sensor 9 showed that the root system exerted a pressure of 5kPa on the retaining wall surface, indicating that the roots had initially adsorbed; on the 180th day, the U-shaped groove 6 began to degrade (weight loss rate of about 15%), and the roots completely covered the retaining wall surface, forming a network structure.

[0089] In this embodiment, the implementation effect is verified as follows:

[0090] In this example, the rock and soil cohesion is 15kPa and the internal friction angle is 30°. The polymer mortar masonry formed after polymer grouting has a conservative value of c=300kPa and an internal friction angle of φ=30°. The vegetation root system 14 is calculated in the form of piles, with a root diameter of 5cm and a conservative value of 20MPa for shear and tensile strength. GeoStudio software is used to calculate the slope stability. Figure 5-8 The slope stability results at different construction stages are shown.

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 2, the unsupported slope FS=0.892 is unstable and needs to be supported at all times during the construction process.

[0092] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the slope supported by the dry-laid stone retaining wall 2 is FS=1.075, and the slope is in a basically stable state.

[0093] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, after polymer grouting, a mortar-laid stone retaining wall 15 is formed, and the slope stability coefficient changes from Figure 6 The slope stability of the dry-laid stone retaining wall 2 was increased from 1.075 to 1.310, meeting the requirements of the specification (FS≥1.3). The slope stability was significantly improved for the first time, making the slope stability meet the requirements of the specification.

[0094] like Figure 8As shown, one year after construction, the banyan tree's root system reached a diameter of 5 cm. A combination of a mortared stone retaining wall 15, roots laid on the retaining wall's exterior 16, and multiple vertical root systems 17 at the top of the slope further increased the stability coefficient to 1.334, achieving a root tensile strength of 20 MPa, effectively suppressing shallow slope slip. This indicates that with the development of the vegetation root system 14, slope stability has gradually improved again, and the ecosystem has recovered well.

[0095] Ecological restoration: The vegetation coverage rate reaches 70% in one year, the U-shaped trough 6 is completely degraded in three years, and the roots wrap around the retaining wall to form a natural landscape.

[0096] Example 4: Preferred solution

[0097] Fill slope scenario: Backfill is performed layer by layer from bottom to top (each layer is 0.3m thick and has a compaction degree of 96%). Backfill and retaining wall construction are carried out simultaneously. The remaining steps are the same as for the cut slope.

[0098] Material adjustment: The guide layer 7 can be replaced with sisal fiber or coconut shell fiber, and the U-shaped groove 6 can be made of a blend of polybutylene adipate / terephthalate (PBAT) and PLA to improve adaptability to low-temperature environments (construction above 5°C).

[0099] Example 5: Slope stability prediction method based on machine learning

[0100] Based on the original monitoring system (pressure sensor 9, humidity detector 10, pinhole camera 8), a machine learning model is introduced to dynamically predict slope stability and improve early warning accuracy. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0101] 1. Multi-source data collection and preprocessing

[0102] The sensors collect data in real time: pressure sensor 9 (unit: kPa), humidity detector 10 (%RH), ambient temperature (°C), rainfall (mm / h, external weather station), with a sampling frequency of 1 time / 10 minutes.

[0103] Pinhole camera 8 image data: Automatically identify root growth density and U-shaped groove 6 degradation degree through image recognition algorithm (YOLOv8), and output the root coverage area percentage (%).

[0104] Data preprocessing: outlier filtering (3σ principle), missing value interpolation (time series interpolation method), and generation of standardized data sets.

[0105] 2. Machine Learning Model Construction

[0106] Input features: pressure sensor 9 values, soil moisture, temperature, rainfall, root coverage area, U-shaped trough 6 degradation rate (can be calculated through image recognition).

[0107] Output target: predicted value of slope stability factor FS (corresponding to the value calculated by GeoStudio in the original case).

[0108] Model selection: A gradient boosting tree (XGBoost) or long short-term memory (LSTM) network was used for training using historical construction stage data (such as the FS values ​​of the original case without support, dry retaining wall, after grouting, and after vegetation rooting). The training set contained 3,000 data sets (including artificially simulated extreme rainfall conditions).

[0109] 3. Real-time prediction and warning

[0110] The central monitoring system calls the trained model every hour, inputs real-time monitoring data, and outputs FS prediction values.

[0111] Set the warning threshold: when FS < 1.2, a yellow warning is triggered (prompting manual verification); when FS < 1.1, a red warning is triggered (automatically starting the emergency reinforcement plan, such as local grouting).

[0112] This allows prediction accuracy to exceed 92% (compared to the value calculated by GeoStudio in the original case), providing a 72-hour advance warning of slope instability risks.

[0113] Replace traditional experience-based judgment and realize "data-driven" intelligent security assessment.

[0114] Example 6: Adaptive irrigation control method based on fuzzy logic

[0115] The control logic of the original automatic irrigation device 12 was optimized, upgrading from a single humidity threshold (activation when humidity < 60%) to a multi-parameter fuzzy decision-making system to adapt to the complex environment of alternating rainy and dry seasons in the hot and humid southeast region. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0116] 1. Fuzzy controller design

[0117] Input variables:

[0118] Soil moisture (Low: <40%, Medium: 40%-70%, High: >70%)

[0119] Real-time rainfall (Light: <10mm / h, Moderate: 10-30mm / h, Heavy: >30mm / h)

[0120] Vegetation growth stage (seedling stage, growth stage, maturity stage, determined by pinhole camera 8 image recognition)

[0121] Output variables: irrigation duration (0-30 minutes), water spray pressure (0.1-0.5MPa).

[0122] Fuzzy rules (example):

[0123] If "humidity is low" and "precipitation is light" and "seedling stage", then "irrigation duration is 20 minutes, pressure is 0.3 MPa";

[0124] If the humidity is Medium and the rainfall is Heavy, then the irrigation time is 0 minutes and the drainage pump is started.

[0125] 2. Control algorithm implementation

[0126] The central monitoring system obtains sensor data and image recognition results in real time and calculates the optimal irrigation parameters through the fuzzy logic module.

[0127] The Internet of Things (IoT) is used to send instructions to the automatic irrigation device 12, supporting remote manual / automatic mode switching.

[0128] This approach is expected to increase water conservation by over 50%, preventing soil softening caused by over-irrigation. It can also dynamically adapt to weather changes, such as automatically reducing irrigation during the rainy season and precisely replenishing water during the dry season based on the vegetation growth stage.

[0129] Example 7: 3D Visualization and Digital Twin Monitoring System

[0130] Based on the original monitoring data, a three-dimensional digital twin model of the slope is constructed to achieve full-cycle visual monitoring and simulation. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0131] 1. 3D modeling and data mapping

[0132] Use drone oblique photography or BIM technology to build a three-dimensional model of the slope, marking the locations of structures such as the dry-stone retaining wall 2, U-shaped groove 6, and planting pit 13.

[0133] The real-time data of the pressure sensor 9 and the humidity detector 10 are mapped to the corresponding positions of the model, and the stress distribution is intuitively displayed through color gradients (such as red represents high pressure areas).

[0134] 2. Digital Twin Simulation

[0135] Extreme working conditions (such as 200 mm rainfall in 24 hours, continuous high temperature and drought) are input to simulate the coordinated force changes between the vegetation root system 14 and the polymer retaining wall.

[0136] Predict the slope displacement field and stress concentration areas at different reinforcement stages (1 day after grouting, 6 months after vegetation rooting) to assist in optimizing the construction plan.

[0137] This allows construction managers to view the slope's "digital twin" in real time via web or mobile devices, improving decision-making efficiency by an estimated 40%. This allows them to identify design flaws (such as excessive spacing between U-shaped grooves, resulting in insufficient root coverage) in advance, reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0138] Example 8: Blockchain evidence storage and construction traceability method

[0139] For key parameters in the original construction steps (such as grouting ratio and U-shaped groove 6 layout spacing), blockchain technology is used to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with, which is used for quality traceability and responsibility definition. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0140] 1. Key data on-chain

[0141] During the construction process, the following data is written to the consortium chain (such as Hyperledger Fabric) in real time:

[0142] Grouting flower pipe 3 buried location (GPS coordinates), polymer ratio (1:1), grouting timestamp;

[0143] U-shaped trough 6 material (PLA), layout spacing (2m), guide layer 7 laying thickness (4cm);

[0144] Monitoring device installation time and sensor calibration records.

[0145] Data hash values ​​are associated with construction logs and on-site photos (such as real-life photos in the original files).

[0146] .Traceability and auditing

[0147] During project acceptance, blockchain smart contracts are used to automatically verify whether key parameters meet design requirements (such as whether the grouting rate is 10L / min).

[0148] During later maintenance, historical construction data of areas with abnormal root growth can be traced back to quickly locate the source of the problem.

[0149] This ensures traceability of construction quality, reduces the risk of engineering disputes, and complies with "smart construction" standards for infrastructure development. Data storage costs are estimated to be 30% lower than traditional centralized databases, while also offering enhanced security (99.99% tamper resistance).

[0150] Example 9: Automatic evaluation of root growth based on machine vision

[0151] Using the image data collected by the pinhole camera 8, the root growth status is automatically assessed through a deep learning algorithm, replacing manual inspections. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0152] 1. Image dataset construction

[0153] Collect root images at different growth stages (seedling stage, root extension stage, and mature stage), and annotate root length, number of branches, and adhesion density (contact area with the retaining wall surface).

[0154] Data augmentation techniques (rotation, scaling, and noise addition) are used to expand the dataset to 100,000 images.

[0155] 2. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Training

[0156] Design a lightweight CNN model (such as MobileNetV3), input RGB images (resolution 640×480), and output root growth scores (1-10).

[0157] Loss function: mean square error (MSE), optimizer: Adam, learning rate 0.001, training period 50 epochs.

[0158] 3. Real-time evaluation and feedback

[0159] The central monitoring system calls the model every hour to process newly collected images. If the score is less than 4 points (abnormal root growth), it will automatically trigger a manual verification reminder.

[0160] Generate a root growth curve and predict the time it will take for roots to completely cover the retaining wall surface (e.g. 180 days in the original case).

[0161] This approach is expected to increase root status assessment efficiency by 80%, eliminating the subjectivity and missed inspections often associated with manual inspections. It also provides a quantitative basis for vegetation maintenance (e.g., increasing the amount of growth hormone applied when the score is low).

[0162] The above improved embodiments all revolve around the core features of "intelligent monitoring" and "automatic control" of the original invention, and improve the intelligence level of slope support through computer algorithms, machine learning, digital twins and other technologies.

[0163] The parts not described in detail in the present invention are prior art, so the present invention does not describe them in detail.

[0164] It is to be understood that the term "one" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element may be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the elements may be multiple, and the term "one" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0165] Although this document frequently uses terms such as slope to be supported 1, dry-laid rubble retaining wall 2, grouting flower pipe 3, plants on top of slope 4, plants on bridle path 5, U-shaped trough 6, guide layer 7, pinhole camera 8, pressure sensor 9, humidity detector 10, LED light 11, automatic irrigation device 12, planting pit 13, vegetation root system 14, mortar-laid rubble retaining wall 15, root system arranged on the outer surface of retaining wall 16, and multiple vertical root systems arranged on top of slope 17, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used only to more conveniently describe and explain the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitations is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

[0166] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned optimal implementation mode. Anyone can derive other forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. However, no matter what changes are made in the shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same or similar to the present invention falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Ecological slope protection structure suitable for hot and humid areas in southeast China, characterized by: include: Slope to be supported (1); A dry-laid stone retaining wall (2) is built outside the slope to be supported (1) to maintain the critical stability of the slope; Grouting flower pipe (3), pre-buried in the dry-laid rubble retaining wall (2), used for polymer grouting to bond the rubble; wherein the polymer is isocyanate and polyether polyol, the ratio is 1:1, the grouting rate is 10L / min, the expansion rate is 5-20 times, and the construction temperature is 5-40°C; Degradable U-shaped grooves (6) are arranged outside the dry-laid stone retaining wall (2) to guide the directional growth of vegetation roots (14); wherein the degradable U-shaped grooves (6) are made of polylactic acid (PLA), the degradation cycle of which matches the growth cycle of the vegetation roots (14), and are arranged in a grid shape with a spacing of 1 to 5 m; A guide layer (7) is laid on the bottom of the U-shaped groove (6), and is made of natural fiber material, and is used to promote the growth of roots along a predetermined direction; wherein the guide layer (7) comprises a composite of hemp fiber and coconut husk fiber, has a thickness of 3 to 5 cm, and is doped with 0.1-0.5 wt% of plant growth hormone, and the fiber direction is consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove (6); The slope top plants (4) and the bridleway plants (5) have their roots adsorbed on the surface of the dry-laid stone retaining wall (2) through the U-shaped groove (6); A monitoring system is arranged in the U-shaped groove (6), comprising a pinhole camera (8), a pressure sensor (9) for monitoring the pressure of the root system on the surface of the dry-laid stone retaining wall (2), a humidity detector (10), and an LED light (11) for guiding the root system to grow toward the light, and is used for real-time monitoring of root system growth and environmental parameters; The automatic irrigation device (12) is connected to the monitoring system signal, and the nozzle spacing of the automatic irrigation device (12) is consistent with the spacing of the U-shaped groove (6). The water spraying range covers the entire groove body, and can achieve precise irrigation according to the humidity data.

2. The ecological slope protection structure suitable for hot and humid areas in southeast China according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring system is connected to the central monitoring system via a wireless communication module, the pinhole camera (8) is connected to the electronic device via Wi-Fi, and the automatic irrigation device (12) is controlled by the electronic device via the Internet of Things.

3. The ecological slope protection structure suitable for hot and humid areas in southeast China according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The slope top plants (4) and the horse path plants (5) are banyan trees.

4. A construction method for an ecological slope protection structure suitable for hot and humid southeastern regions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Backfill the fill slope in layers from bottom to top, with each layer 0.25-1m thick and a compaction degree >94%; excavate the cut slope in layers from top to bottom; provide a 2-4m wide bridleway for each level of the fill or cut slope when the height is 6-10m. S2. Build a dry-laid stone retaining wall (2) on the periphery of the slope. The retaining wall foundation is built with dry-laid stone. The height of each retaining wall is consistent with the height of the slope at the same level. The top width is 0.4~0.6m and the foundation depth is 0.5~1.0m. S3, pre-embed grouting flower tubes (3) in the dry stone retaining wall (2), with the grouting flower tubes spaced 2 to 4 m apart and set in the middle of the wall top, with the same inclination angle as the retaining wall slope, the tube length 3 to 5 m, and the diameter 10 to 50 mm; S4, laying a degradable U-shaped groove (6) on the outside of the dry-laid stone retaining wall (2), and laying a guide layer (7) on the bottom of the U-shaped groove (6); S5, planting bridleway plants (5) in the planting pit (13) at the top of the bridleway, and planting slope top plants (4) at the top of the slope; S6, injecting a two-component polymer slurry through the grouting tube (3) to form a polymer mortar-laid stone retaining wall; S7. Install a pinhole camera (8), a pressure sensor (9), a humidity detector (10) and an LED light (11) in the U-shaped groove (6), align the automatic irrigation device (12) with the U-shaped groove (6), and realize automatic irrigation according to the data of the humidity detector (10).

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, the U-shaped groove (6) is cleaned before the guide layer (7) is laid. During the laying process, the hemp fiber and coconut husk fiber composite is evenly laid with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm. The fiber direction is consistent with the length direction of the U-shaped groove (6), and a plant growth regulator is added.

6. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S6, polymer slurry fills the gaps between dry-laid rubble stones, cements the rubble stones and the retaining wall foundation, and quickly improves the initial stability of the slope.

7. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S7, a monitoring system is arranged every 1 to 3 meters, and the pressure sensor (9) and the humidity detector (10) transmit data to the central monitoring system through the wireless communication module to achieve real-time monitoring of root growth and soil environment.

Images