Drilling device

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling device which comprises a drill bit, a drill rod and a cutterhead. The drill bit is arranged at one end of the drill rod. The cutter head comprises an annular piece and a first blade, the annular piece is arranged on and connected to the drill rod in a sleeving mode, the first blade is arranged on the peripheral face of the annular piece, and the annular piece is used for being attached to the hole wall of a drill hole; the multiple cutterheads are arranged in the first direction at intervals, the diameters of the multiple annular pieces of the multiple cutterheads are gradually increased in the first direction, and the first direction is the direction, back to the drill bit, in the axial direction of the drill rod. The cutter head is arranged on the drill rod in a sleeving mode, the annular piece of the cutter head is connected to the drill rod, and the peripheral face of the annular piece is attached to the hole wall of the drill hole, so that it is guaranteed that stress is uniform in the whole drilling process, stress distribution is optimized, and the risk of hole wall deformation is effectively restrained. The first blades are arranged on the peripheral face of the annular piece, in the drilling operation process of the drill bit, the first blades synchronously conduct drilling operation, and the drilling effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of construction technology, and in particular to a drilling device. Background Art

[0002] In engineering projects such as geological exploration, mineral resource extraction, and infrastructure construction, drilling operations often require traversing complex strata, such as through interlaced soft and hard strata, rock fracture zones, quicksand layers, or water-bearing strata. The unique geological structures of these complex strata place extremely high demands on drilling equipment, which existing drilling equipment struggles to meet, presenting numerous technical challenges.

[0003] Existing drilling equipment creates uneven stress on the borehole walls, making them prone to deformation and even collapse. When drilling in fractured rock formations, existing drilling equipment cannot effectively cope with the instability caused by fractured rock formations. The crushing of the broken rock against the borehole walls further exacerbates the risk of deformation.

[0004] Furthermore, existing drilling equipment generally has low drilling efficiency in complex formations. The equipment's power system and drill bit structure design struggle to adapt to the changing mechanical properties of complex formations, making it difficult to precisely match the drilling pressure and rotational speed to the requirements of different formations, resulting in low rock-breaking efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a drilling device to address the problems of uneven force on the drilled hole wall and low drilling efficiency.

[0006] A drilling device, comprising:

[0007] A drill bit and a drill rod, wherein the drill bit is located at one end of the drill rod;

[0008] A cutterhead, comprising an annular member and a first blade, wherein the annular member is sleeved and connected to the drill rod, the first blade is arranged on the outer circumference of the annular member, and the annular member is adapted to fit against the wall of the drill hole;

[0009] There are multiple cutter discs, which are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and the diameters of the multiple annular parts of the multiple cutter discs gradually increase along the first direction, wherein the first direction is the direction along the axial direction of the drill rod and away from the drill bit.

[0010] In one embodiment, the drilling device further includes a telescopic assembly, which is arranged on the end face of the annular member close to the drill bit. The telescopic assembly includes a telescopic rod and a second blade, and the second blade is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod.

[0011] In one embodiment, the telescopic assembly further includes a storage box, which is disposed on an end surface of the annular member close to the drill bit. The storage box has a accommodating cavity connected to the outside world, and the fixed end of the telescopic rod is connected to the cavity wall of the accommodating cavity. The accommodating cavity is used to accommodate the telescopic rod and the second blade.

[0012] In one embodiment, the drilling device further includes a reinforcement member, which includes a connecting rod and a spiral blade. Both ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to two adjacent annular members, and the spiral blade is spirally wound on the connecting rod.

[0013] In one embodiment, a plurality of the reinforcement members are provided between two adjacent cutter discs, and the plurality of the reinforcement members are arranged at intervals around the first direction.

[0014] In one embodiment, the axial direction of the connecting rod forms an angle with the first direction, and the angle is an acute angle.

[0015] In one embodiment, the drilling device further includes a cooling assembly, which includes a liquid source, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid discharge pipe, and a spiral flow channel. The spiral flow channel is provided in the drill bit, and the liquid source, the liquid inlet pipe, and the liquid inlet end of the spiral flow channel are connected in sequence, and the liquid discharge end of the spiral flow channel is connected to the liquid discharge pipe.

[0016] In one embodiment, the drill rod is provided with a slurry flow channel, and the drill bit is provided with a grouting port connected to the slurry flow channel;

[0017] The drilling device also includes a slurry adjustment component, which includes an adjustment member and an operating rod. The adjustment member is provided with a plurality of through holes with different apertures. The adjustment member is arranged in the drill bit. One end of the operating rod extends into the drill bit and is connected to the adjustment member, and the other end passes through the annular member and is arranged outside the drill bit. The operating rod can drive the adjustment member to move so that the through hole and the grouting port are connected.

[0018] In one embodiment, the slurry adjustment assembly further includes a gripping member, and the gripping member is provided at an end of the operating rod facing away from the adjustment member.

[0019] In one embodiment, the drilling device further includes a slag discharge member, which is detachably connected to the drill rod and is provided on the side of the drill rod away from the drill bit. The end face of the slag discharge member close to the annular member is provided with an inwardly recessed receiving groove, and the receiving groove is used to receive waste.

[0020] The drilling device described above utilizes a drill bit mounted on one end of a drill rod, which rotates to drive the drill bit. A cutterhead is mounted on the drill rod. The cutterhead's annular member is connected to the drill rod, and its outer circumference conforms to the wall of the hole being drilled. This ensures uniform force throughout the drilling process, optimizes stress distribution, and effectively reduces the risk of hole wall deformation. A first blade is mounted on the outer circumference of the annular member. During the drilling operation, the first blade also performs the drilling operation, improving the drilling effect.

[0021] Moreover, by providing multiple cutterheads spaced apart along the first direction, the present application not only expands the contact area with the hole wall but also makes the supporting force more evenly distributed, further enhancing the overall stability of the system. Furthermore, the diameters of the multiple annular members of the multiple cutterheads gradually increase along the first direction. This segmented design can gradually adapt to changes in the angle of the bedrock, breaking the rock starting from the bottom and gradually transitioning upwards. This can effectively avoid the instability that may be caused by large-scale one-time crushing, ensuring the continuity and safety of the drilling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of the drilling device provided in an embodiment of the present application from a first perspective.

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the drilling device provided in an embodiment of the present application from a second perspective.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the drilling device provided in an embodiment of the present application from a third perspective.

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter disc provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of the second blade of the telescopic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application when retracted.

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the second blade of the telescopic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application when extended.

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the reinforcement member provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the slurry adjustment assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 9 A schematic structural diagram of the adjustment member provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 10This is a structural schematic diagram of a gripping member provided on an operating rod provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slag discharge component provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 100, drill bit; 110, shotcrete nozzle;

[0035] 200, drill pipe;

[0036] 300, cutter head; 310, ring member; 320, first blade; 330, connecting block;

[0037] 400, telescopic assembly; 410, telescopic rod; 420, second blade; 430, storage box;

[0038] 500, reinforcement; 510, connecting rod; 520, spiral blade;

[0039] 610, liquid inlet pipe; 620, liquid discharge pipe; 630, spiral flow channel;

[0040] 710, adjusting member; 711, through hole; 720, operating rod; 730, gripping member;

[0041] 800, slag discharge part; 810, receiving tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated by these terms is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0044] In addition, if the terms "first" or "second" appear, these terms are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, if the term "plurality" appears, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0045] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, these terms may refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, if a first feature is described as being "above" or "below" a second feature, or similar descriptions, this may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is described as being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is described as being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0047] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. If any, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiment.

[0048] The present application provides a drilling device, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the drilling device includes a drill bit 100, a drill rod 200 and a cutter disc 300. The drill bit 100 is arranged at one end of the drill rod 200; the cutter disc 300 includes an annular member 310 and a first blade 320. The annular member 310 is sleeved and connected to the drill rod 200, and the first blade 320 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the annular member 310. The annular member 310 is used to fit the wall of the drill hole; there are multiple cutter discs 300, and the multiple cutter discs 300 are arranged at intervals along a first direction, and the diameters of the multiple annular members 310 of the multiple cutter discs 300 gradually increase along the first direction, wherein the first direction is the direction along the axial direction of the drill rod 200 facing away from the drill bit 100.

[0049] The drilling device described above utilizes a drill bit 100 mounted on one end of a drill rod 200, which rotates to drive the drill bit 100 to perform drilling operations. A cutterhead 300 is mounted on the drill rod 200. The cutterhead 300's annular member 310 is connected to the drill rod 200, and the outer circumference of the annular member 310 conforms to the wall of the drilled hole, ensuring uniform force throughout the drilling process, optimizing stress distribution, and effectively suppressing the risk of hole wall deformation. A first blade 320 is mounted on the outer circumference of the annular member 310. While the drill bit 100 is drilling, the first blade 320 also performs the drilling operation, improving the drilling effect.

[0050] Furthermore, by providing multiple cutterheads 300 spaced apart along the first direction, the present application not only expands the contact area with the hole wall but also makes the supporting force more evenly distributed, further enhancing the overall stability of the system. Furthermore, the diameters of the multiple annular members 310 of the multiple cutterheads 300 gradually increase along the first direction. This segmented design can gradually adapt to changes in the angle of the bedrock, breaking the rock starting from the bottom and gradually transitioning upwards. This effectively avoids the instability that may be caused by large-scale, one-time crushing, and ensures the continuity and safety of the drilling process.

[0051] It should be noted that in the drilling device of the present application, the annular member 310 of the cutterhead 300 is in contact with the hole wall, and the first blade 320 of the cutterhead 300 penetrates the hole wall. As the drill rod 200 drives the drill bit 100 to rotate, the first blade 320 also rotates synchronously to perform the drilling operation. At this time, the diameter of the hole penetrated by the first blade 320 increases due to the rotation of the first blade 320. Because the diameters of the multiple annular members 310 gradually increase along the first direction, as the drill bit 100 continues to drill downward (in a direction opposite to the first direction), the annular members 310 of the cutterhead 300 in the next layer are in contact with the wall of the larger hole drilled by the first blade 320 of the cutterhead 300 in the previous layer.

[0052] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, three cutter heads 300 are provided.

[0053] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a connection block 330 connected to the drill rod 200 is provided on the inner circumference of the annular member 310. In this embodiment, the connection block 330 is welded to the drill rod 200.

[0054] In one embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the drilling device also includes a telescopic assembly 400, which is provided on the end surface of the annular member 310 close to the drill bit 100. The telescopic assembly 400 includes a telescopic rod 410 and a second blade 420. The second blade 420 is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 410. The second blade 420 is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod 410. The extension of the telescopic rod 410 drives the second blade 420 to extend, and the retraction of the telescopic rod 410 drives the second blade 420 to retract. The provision of the telescopic rod 410 adjusts the blade length of the second blade 420 for drilling. Figure 1 The lower end surface of the annular member 310 shown in the figure is provided with a telescopic assembly 400. When drilling operation is performed, the telescopic rod 410 drives the second blade 420 to extend, and the drilling operation is performed synchronously, thereby further improving the drilling efficiency.

[0055] In one embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the telescopic assembly 400 further includes a storage box 430, which is disposed on the end surface of the annular member 310 near the drill bit 100. The storage box 430 has a receiving cavity that communicates with the outside world. The fixed end of the telescopic rod 410 is connected to the cavity wall of the receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity is used to accommodate the telescopic rod 410 and the second blade 420. By providing the storage box 430, when drilling is required, the telescopic rod 410 extends to drive the second blade 420 out of the receiving cavity. When drilling is no longer required, the telescopic rod 410 retracts to drive the second blade 420 back, so that the second blade 420 is at least partially disposed within the receiving cavity. The storage box 430 stores the second blade 420, thereby protecting the telescopic rod 410 and the second blade 420.

[0056] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each cutter head 300 is configured with multiple sets of telescopic components 400, and the multiple sets of telescopic components 400 are arranged at intervals around the first direction.

[0057] In one embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 7As shown, the drilling device further includes a reinforcement member 500, which includes a connecting rod 510 and a spiral blade 520. The two ends of the connecting rod 510 are respectively connected to two adjacent annular members 310, and the spiral blade 520 is spirally wound around the connecting rod 510. By providing the reinforcement member 500, the two ends of the connecting rod 510 of the reinforcement member 500 are respectively connected to two adjacent annular members 310, so that the reinforcement member 500 is located between two adjacent cutterheads 300. During the drilling operation, the spiral blade 520 of the reinforcement member 500 can also drill synchronously, further improving the drilling efficiency.

[0058] In this embodiment, the first blade 320, the second blade 420 and the spiral blade 520 are made of CBN (cubic boron nitride) material, which has high hardness and strong wear resistance, and meets the requirements of drilling high-strength rocks and complex formations.

[0059] In this embodiment, the diameter of the spiral cutting blade is between 50 mm and 100 mm, and can be flexibly selected according to specific geological conditions and drilling requirements to achieve an optimal balance between cutting efficiency and tool life.

[0060] In one embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of reinforcement members 500 are provided between two adjacent cutter heads 300, and the plurality of reinforcement members 500 are arranged at intervals around the first direction. By providing a plurality of reinforcement members 500, the plurality of reinforcement members 500 cooperate with each other to further improve the drilling efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, four reinforcement members 500 are provided between two adjacent cutter heads 300. In other embodiments, the number of reinforcement members 500 provided between two adjacent cutter heads 300 is set according to actual operation requirements.

[0062] In one embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the axial direction of the connecting rod 510 forms an acute angle with the first direction. By tilting the connecting rod 510, that is, tilting the reinforcement 500, multi-angle drilling operations can be coordinated.

[0063] In this embodiment, the angle between the axial direction of the connecting rod 510 and the first direction is 45°.

[0064] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 7 As shown, both ends of the connecting rod 510 of the reinforcement member 500 are respectively connected to the cutter head 300 and the drill bit 100 at the bottom layer along the first direction.

[0065] This application utilizes four symmetrically arranged reinforcements 500 between adjacent cutterheads 300. The spiral blades 520 utilize a double helix arrangement with a helix angle of 45° to achieve uniform cutting force distribution and improve slag removal efficiency. The cutterheads 300 are interconnected via reinforcements 500. The spiral blades 520 of these reinforcements 500 are made of high-strength alloy steel with a hardened surface for increased wear resistance. This ensures stable cutting force transmission and reduces vibration and energy loss during rotation, thereby ensuring drilling efficiency and hole accuracy.

[0066] It should be noted that the drilling device of the present application is suitable for a variety of working environments. When drilling operations are performed in soft soil layers, the first blade 320 of the cutter head 300 can be directly inserted into the soil layer. When drilling operations are performed in rock layers, the telescopic assembly 400 and the reinforcement 500 cooperate with each other to increase the drilling force, thereby assisting the first blade 320 to penetrate into the rock layer.

[0067] Furthermore, since the friction between the drill bit 100 and the soil during high-speed drilling will generate a large amount of heat, which will not only reduce the drilling efficiency, but also may have an adverse effect on the structural integrity and service life of the drill bit 100, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 8 As shown, the drilling device also includes a cooling assembly, which includes a liquid source, a liquid inlet pipe 610, a liquid discharge pipe 620, and a spiral flow channel 630. The spiral flow channel 630 is provided within the drill bit 100. The liquid source, the liquid inlet pipe 610, and the liquid inlet end of the spiral flow channel 630 are sequentially connected, and the liquid discharge end of the spiral flow channel 630 is connected to the liquid discharge pipe 620. The cooling assembly adopts a dual-circuit spiral layered structure. The dual-circuit spiral flow channel 630 is built into the drill bit 100. Cooling water from the liquid source is introduced into the spiral flow channel 630 pre-installed inside the drill bit 100 through the liquid inlet pipe 610, and is then discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 620 after cooling the drill bit 100.

[0068] After entering the drill bit 100, the cooling water flows through spiral flow channels 630, which are arranged in a layered, spiral pattern within the drill bit 100. This increases the contact area with the drill bit 100 and fully absorbs the heat generated during drilling. After heat exchange, the heated cooling water is discharged through the drain pipe 620, effectively dissipating heat. This spiral annular channel design not only ensures a rational cooling water flow path, but also significantly improves heat dissipation efficiency and heat exchange rate.

[0069] The key to this cooling assembly lies in its spirally stacked, layered spiral flow channels 630. This design optimizes the cooling water flow path and increases contact area, making the cooling process more efficient. Furthermore, the dual-circuit structure ensures that the cooling water is evenly distributed throughout the drill bit 100, preventing localized overheating. This design ensures that the drill bit 100 maintains a suitable operating temperature throughout the entire drilling process, effectively improving the performance and service life of the equipment.

[0070] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 8 As shown, one end of the liquid inlet pipe 610 and the liquid outlet pipe 620 is arranged on the side of the drill rod 200 away from the drill bit 100, and the other end passes through the multiple annular parts 310 of the multiple cutter heads 300 in sequence and is connected to the spiral flow channel 630 on the drill bit 100.

[0071] In this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 610 and the liquid outlet pipe 620 are made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant galvanized steel with an outer diameter of 48.3 mm and a wall thickness of 3.5 mm, ensuring the pipes maintain stability and durability in high-pressure, high-temperature, and highly corrosive environments. The high-strength, corrosion-resistant galvanized steel material of the cooling water channel further enhances the reliability and durability of the component, enabling it to adapt to complex geological conditions and long-term continuous operation requirements. The use of this cooling component not only significantly reduces wear and damage to the drill bit 100 caused by overheating, but also improves drilling efficiency, providing a strong guarantee for the stability and economy of drilling operations.

[0072] Furthermore, if Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 9 as well as Figure 10 As shown, a slurry flow channel is provided on the drill rod 200, and a grouting port 110 connected to the slurry flow channel is provided on the drill bit 100; the drilling device also includes a slurry regulating assembly, which includes an adjusting member 710 and an operating rod 720. The adjusting member 710 is provided with a plurality of through holes 711 with different apertures. The adjusting member 710 is provided in the drill bit 100, and one end of the operating rod 720 extends into the drill bit 100 and is connected to the adjusting member 710, and the other end passes through the annular member 310 and is provided outside the drill bit 100. The operating rod 720 can drive the adjusting member 710 to move so that the through holes 711 are connected to the grouting port 110. The present application provides a slurry regulating assembly. When it is necessary to adjust the slurry flow rate sprayed from the drill bit 100, the adjusting member 710 is driven to rotate by rotating the operating rod 720, so that the through holes 711 with different apertures in the adjusting member 710 are selectively connected to the grouting port 110, thereby controlling the grouting flow rate and pressure.

[0073] In this embodiment, if Figure 9As shown, the adjusting member 710 is a ring-shaped member 310 , and is provided with three through holes 711 with different apertures, and the apertures of the three through holes 711 gradually increase.

[0074] This application optimizes the location and structure of the spray nozzle 110 to meet the demands of construction under complex geological conditions. The spray nozzle 110 is located on the outer edge of the drill bit 100 and is integrally formed with the drill bit 100 and the spray channel within the drill rod 200. This integrated design not only achieves a seamless connection between the drill bit 100 and the drill rod 200, but also significantly enhances the structural stability and robustness of the entire device, ensuring excellent construction performance even in harsh geological conditions.

[0075] Drill bit 100 incorporates an adjustment member 710, which is provided with three sets of through-holes 711 of varying diameters, respectively adapted to meet low, medium, and high pressure requirements, thereby regulating the shotcrete flow rate. This design not only ensures the effective sealing of the shotcrete system but also improves its reliability and safety, effectively avoiding construction problems caused by insufficient or excessive shotcrete strength.

[0076] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the other end of the operating rod 720 passes through the multiple annular members 310 of the multiple cutter heads 300 in sequence and is disposed on a side of the drill rod 200 facing away from the drill bit 100 .

[0077] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 10 As shown, the slurry adjustment assembly further includes a gripping member 730, which is provided at one end of the operating rod 720 away from the adjusting member 710. By providing the gripping member 730, the contact area between the operating rod 720 and the staff is increased, making it easier for the staff to hold it.

[0078] In this embodiment, the slurry flow channel of the drill rod 200 has a built-in slurry delivery and storage pipeline. The slurry delivery and storage pipeline is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant S-135 steel material with an outer diameter of 519.1 mm and a wall thickness of 60 mm, which further enhances the durability and corrosion resistance of the equipment.

[0079] This application significantly improves work efficiency and ensures consistent and reliable construction quality by incorporating a slurry regulation component to optimize the control of shotcrete flow and pressure. The integrated drilling-while-shotcrete function not only reduces construction steps and costs, but also improves the overall quality of the project. This design fully meets the requirements of modern drilling projects for efficiency, reliability, and economy, providing strong technical support for construction under complex geological conditions.

[0080] Furthermore, during the rotary drilling process, debris, mortar and other residues will inevitably be generated, and the accumulation of these appendages will significantly affect the construction efficiency. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 11 As shown, the drilling device also includes a slag discharge member 800, which is detachably connected to the drill rod 200 and located on the side of the drill rod 200 facing away from the drill bit 100. The end surface of the slag discharge member 800, adjacent to the annular member 310, is provided with an inwardly recessed receiving groove 810 for accommodating waste. The slag discharge member 800, through the extrusion force generated by its rotation during drilling, pushes waste materials such as debris and mud to the upper end of the drilling device, where they are collected in the receiving groove 810. This design not only effectively prevents the accumulation of debris within the borehole, significantly improving construction efficiency, but also simplifies the centralized cleaning process of waste materials.

[0081] When the slag in the cylindrical collection system reaches a certain volume, operators can remove the slag removal unit 800 from the drill pipe 200. This quick-clearing mechanism not only ensures a clean construction site, but also helps maintain operational efficiency and avoid interruptions caused by waste accumulation. This design allows the construction team to promptly remove waste without affecting progress, further optimizing the construction process, reducing construction difficulty, and significantly improving overall efficiency.

[0082] In this embodiment, if Figure 11 As shown, the slag discharge part 800 adopts a cylindrical structure with a closed upper end and an open lower end, which is sleeved on the outside of the drill rod 200. Its diameter is configured according to the size of the reaming cutter head 300, and it is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel to ensure its durability and reliability under complex working conditions.

[0083] This application has the following advantages:

[0084] (1) The drilling device is equipped with an efficient cooling component, which optimizes the cooling water path through the multi-layer spiral flow channel 630. The design of the spiral flow channel 630 not only increases the contact area between the cooling water and the inner wall of the drill bit 100, but also greatly improves the heat dissipation efficiency and heat exchange rate, effectively reducing the temperature of the drill bit 100, extending the life of the equipment and ensuring efficient operation.

[0085] (2) Through the built-in adjustment member 710, the through hole 711 on the adjustment member 710 is designed with three different sizes, respectively suitable for low-pressure, medium-pressure, and high-pressure spraying requirements. Compared with the traditional fixed aperture design, the spraying adjustment component significantly improves construction flexibility, reduces energy loss, and reduces equipment wear, effectively balancing the relationship between spraying effect, construction efficiency, and equipment life.

[0086] (3) The multi-stage variable diameter reaming cutterhead 300 is composed of multiple parts: bottom, middle and top. By increasing the contact area with the hole wall, the force on the hole wall is evenly distributed, significantly improving the overall stability of the hole. The heightened design further enhances the support function of the hole expansion construction, effectively preventing the hole wall from collapsing, while optimizing the stress distribution and improving the durability of the hole wall structure. Drilling starts from the bottom and gradually transitions upwards to avoid instability caused by large-scale crushing at one time, ensuring the linearity and stability of the hole during the drilling process.

[0087] (4) The telescopic assembly 400 is combined with the reinforcement 500 to dynamically adjust the cutting force according to different geological conditions. The second blade 420 of the telescopic assembly 400 can be appropriately retracted when encountering a relatively loose or unstable soil layer, reducing the disturbance to the surrounding pile foundation aperture, avoiding damage to the structural stability of the construction surface, and effectively preventing the risk of hole collapse. In hard rock formations, the second blade 420 and the spiral blade 520 work together to provide powerful cutting ability and improve drilling efficiency. This design has a high adaptability to complex geological conditions, ensuring the continuity and safety of drilling operations, while reducing damage to the environment while ensuring efficiency.

[0088] (5) A cylindrical slag discharge part 800 is designed at the top of the drill rod 200. Its upper end is closed and the lower end is open. It is used to effectively collect excess debris and sand and soil generated during the drilling process and discharge them in a centralized manner after they are fully collected. The slag discharge device can effectively prevent the accumulation of waste slag from affecting construction efficiency, and at the same time facilitate the centralized collection and cleaning of debris. When the upper soil is fully collected, it can be quickly cleaned up through the unloading device, thereby ensuring the cleanliness of the construction site and the efficiency of the operation. This device significantly improves the level of waste management during the drilling process, reduces the downtime of operation, and further improves construction efficiency.

[0089] This application also provides a construction method and steps for an efficient drilling device for precise drilling in complex formations:

[0090] 1. Construction Preparation

[0091] (1) Site leveling and layout

[0092] 1. Clear obstacles at the construction site, such as weeds, trees, construction waste, etc., to ensure that the construction site is flat and solid and can meet the installation and operation requirements of drilling rigs and other equipment.

[0093] 2. According to the pile layout diagram, accurately measure and mark each pile position, set up control piles and leveling points, so that the pile position can be reviewed and the elevation can be controlled during the subsequent construction process.

[0094] (2) Equipment and material preparation

[0095] 1. Select the number of cutting heads (300) required for drilling in complex strata, and determine the model based on the geological conditions and pile diameter. Check the performance indicators of the device to ensure it is in good working condition.

[0096] 2. Check the condition of the drilling equipment for complex formations. The drill bit 100 should be selected based on the geological conditions. For example, carbide drill bits 100 are suitable for hard soil and soft rock formations, while diamond drill bits 100 are suitable for hard rock formations. The drill rod 200 must be strong and rigid, free of bending or deformation. The cutterhead 300 should be a multi-stage, anti-skew, guide, variable-diameter, and reaming cutterhead 300, depending on the construction requirements. Check the flexibility and reliability of the telescopic assembly 400.

[0097] 3. Prepare sufficient shotcrete material and store enough shotcrete required for the drilling process in the slurry storage channel inside the drill pipe 200. The main function of shotcrete is to suspend drill cuttings and protect the hole wall.

[0098] 4. Prepare the materials required for subsequent pouring, such as steel cage and concrete. The steel cage should be made according to the design requirements, including the diameter, spacing, length, etc. of the steel bars, and the concrete must meet the design strength grade requirements.

[0099] (3) Cooling component preparation

[0100] 1. Ensure that all components of the cooling assembly are complete and intact. Ensure that the cooling water pipes are not leaking or blocked, and that the water pump of the cooling assembly is operating normally.

[0101] 2. Confirm that the cooling water meets the required quality, is free of impurities, and can effectively absorb the heat generated during drilling. Introduce the cooling water into the spiral flow channel 630 inside the drill bit 100 through the liquid inlet pipe 610, ensuring that the cooling water fully contacts the inner wall of the drill bit 100 to efficiently absorb heat. The cooling water is then discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 620 to maintain the appropriate operating temperature of the drill bit 100.

[0102] 2. Construction steps

[0103] (1) Burying casing

[0104] 1. The casing is generally made of 4mm to 8mm thick steel plate, with an inner diameter 100mm to 200mm larger than the drilled hole diameter and a length generally greater than 1.5m. A casing pit is dug at the pile location and the casing is buried underground. The top of the casing should be a certain height above the ground, such as 300mm to 500mm, to facilitate the injection of slurry into the hole and the removal of waste slurry.

[0105] 2. The casing must be buried to ensure its verticality and center position are accurate. Deviations should meet regulatory requirements, such as verticality deviation of no more than 1% and center position deviation of no more than 50mm. The casing should be backfilled densely to prevent surface water from flowing into the hole. It also serves to fix the pile position, protect the hole mouth, and prevent hole collapse.

[0106] (2) Installation and debugging

[0107] 1. Install a high-efficiency drilling device designed for precise drilling in complex strata at the pile site. Ensure the base of the device is stable and secure. Use a spirit level to check the levelness of the device. The center of the drill rod 200 should be aligned with the center of the pile site, with a deviation of no more than 2 cm.

[0108] 2. Debug the drilling device and check whether the electrical system, hydraulic system, transmission system, etc. of the drilling device are working properly to ensure that the drilling device can start and operate smoothly. At the same time, check whether the drilling parameter settings of the drilling device, such as drilling speed and drilling pressure, meet the design requirements and geological conditions.

[0109] (3) Drilling and construction

[0110] 1. Start the drilling device and begin the drilling operation. During the drilling process, the drilling speed must be controlled according to the geological conditions to avoid excessive drilling speed causing hole collapse or excessively slow drilling speed affecting the construction progress. At the same time, start the cooling component, and the cooling water flows into the spiral flow channel 630 inside the drill bit 100 through the liquid inlet pipe 610. During this process, the cooling water is in full contact with the inner wall of the drill bit 100 so as to efficiently absorb the heat generated during the drilling process. Subsequently, the cooling water is discharged through the drain pipe 620, thereby maintaining a suitable operating temperature of the drill bit 100 and avoiding overheating that affects the performance of the drill bit 100 or causes damage to the equipment. Through the operation of this component, the smooth progress of the drilling operation can be effectively guaranteed.

[0111] 2. Based on the geological data, select the appropriate multi-stage, anti-skew, straightening, variable-diameter, and reaming cutterhead 300. During installation, ensure that the cutterhead 300 fits snugly against the hole wall to achieve uniform force distribution and stable hole formation. The telescopic assembly 400 at the bottom of the cutterhead 300 should flexibly expand and contract according to soil conditions. For loose or unstable soils, the second blade retracts and synchronizes with the spiral blade 520 to maintain soil stability and prevent hole collapse.

[0112] 3. Ensure the normal operation of the shotcrete device according to geological conditions and construction requirements. Through real-time monitoring, flexibly adjust the shotcrete flow and intensity according to site conditions and construction needs to achieve the goals of strengthening the wall, plugging leaks, and improving soil properties. At the same time, closely monitor the operating status of the slurry regulating components to achieve simultaneous drilling and shotcrete operation.

[0113] 4. Ensure timely slag and soil discharge. The slag discharge unit 800 allows for quick removal of debris and soil, ensuring a clean and efficient construction site. Regularly clean the slag from the soil discharge barrel to avoid blockages or equipment failures, extending the equipment's service life.

[0114] 3. Hole Testing and Acceptance

[0115] (1) Hole formation detection

[0116] 1. After the hole reaches the designed depth, the depth, diameter, position, and hole shape of the hole should be inspected. Use specialized hole inspection equipment, such as a boremeter and inclinometer, to check whether the hole diameter meets the design requirements, whether the verticality deviation is within the allowable range, and whether the sediment thickness at the bottom of the hole meets the specification requirements.

[0117] 2. If the test results do not meet the requirements, analyze the reasons and take appropriate remedial measures, such as secondary hole cleaning and deviation correction, until the hole quality meets the design and specification requirements.

[0118] (2) Acceptance

[0119] After the hole test is qualified, the relevant units and personnel will be organized to conduct hole acceptance. During the acceptance, all parameters of the hole must be checked, and the construction records and test reports must be examined. Only after confirming that the hole quality meets the design requirements and construction specifications can the next process be carried out.

[0120] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0121] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A drilling device, characterized in that: The drilling device comprises: A drill bit (100) and a drill rod (200), wherein the drill bit (100) is arranged at one end of the drill rod (200); The cutterhead (300) comprises an annular member (310) and a first blade (320), wherein the annular member (310) is sleeved on and connected to the drill rod (200), and the first blade (320) is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the annular member (310), and the annular member (310) is used to fit against the wall of the drill hole; A plurality of the cutter discs (300) are provided, and the plurality of the cutter discs (300) are spaced apart along a first direction, and the diameters of the plurality of the annular members (310) of the plurality of the cutter discs (300) gradually increase along the first direction, wherein the first direction is a direction along the axial direction of the drill rod (200) and facing away from the drill bit (100).

2. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that The drilling device further comprises a telescopic assembly (400), wherein the telescopic assembly (400) is arranged on an end surface of the annular member (310) close to the drill bit (100), and the telescopic assembly (400) comprises a telescopic rod (410) and a second blade (420), wherein the second blade (420) is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic rod (410).

3. The drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that The telescopic assembly (400) further includes a storage box (430), which is arranged on an end surface of the annular member (310) close to the drill bit (100), and the storage box (430) has a receiving cavity communicated with the outside, and the fixed end of the telescopic rod (410) is connected to the cavity wall of the receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity is used to accommodate the telescopic rod (410) and the second blade (420).

4. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that The drilling device further comprises a reinforcement member (500), wherein the reinforcement member (500) comprises a connecting rod (510) and a spiral blade (520), wherein both ends of the connecting rod (510) are respectively connected to two adjacent annular members (310), and the spiral blade (520) is spirally wound on the connecting rod (510).

5. The drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that A plurality of the reinforcement members (500) are provided between two adjacent cutter discs (300), and the plurality of the reinforcement members (500) are arranged at intervals around the first direction.

6. The drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that The axial direction of the connecting rod (510) forms an angle with the first direction, and the angle is an acute angle.

7. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that The drilling device further includes a cooling assembly, which includes a liquid source, a liquid inlet pipe (610), a liquid discharge pipe (620), and a spiral flow channel (630). The spiral flow channel (630) is provided in the drill bit (100). The liquid source, the liquid inlet pipe (610), and the liquid inlet end of the spiral flow channel (630) are sequentially connected, and the liquid discharge end of the spiral flow channel (630) is connected to the liquid discharge pipe (620).

8. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that The drill rod (200) is provided with a slurry flow channel, and the drill bit (100) is provided with a grouting port (110) in communication with the slurry flow channel; The drilling device further includes a slurry regulating assembly, the regulating assembly including an regulating member (710) and an operating rod (720), the regulating member (710) being provided with a plurality of through holes (711) with different apertures, the regulating member (710) being arranged in the drill bit (100), one end of the operating rod (720) extending into the drill bit (100) and connected to the regulating member (710), and the other end passing through the annular member (310) and being arranged outside the drill bit (100), the operating rod (720) being capable of driving the regulating member (710) to move so as to communicate the through holes (711) with the grouting port (110).

9. The drilling device according to claim 8, characterized in that The slurry adjustment component further includes a gripping member (730), and the gripping member (730) is arranged at an end of the operating rod (720) away from the adjustment member (710).

10. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that The drilling device further comprises a slag discharge member (800), which is detachably connected to the drill rod (200) and is arranged on a side of the drill rod (200) facing away from the drill bit (100). An end surface of the slag discharge member (800) close to the annular member (310) is provided with an inwardly recessed receiving groove (810), and the receiving groove (810) is used to receive waste.

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