A cutting machine for mining ore

Abstract

The application discloses a boring machine for ore mining and relates to the technical field of ore mining decomposition. The boring machine comprises a connecting arm and a boring unit, the boring unit is arranged at the front end of the connecting arm, the boring unit comprises a drill bit, the drill bit is arranged at the side of the connecting arm, the top of the drill bit is in transmission connection with a driving unit through a drill shaft, and the boring machine further comprises a protection unit which is arranged on the outer side of the drill shaft. The support of the protection tube avoids large-scale collapse of the hole, the outward pushing movement of the multiple outward pushing surfaces arranged on the surface of the protection tube compacts and reinforces the hole wall to a certain extent, the influence of hole wall collapse on the construction of the drill bit is further avoided, the drill bit top surface is impacted and vibrated, the impact and chiseling of the drill bit are more concentrated, the drill bit is prevented from being stuck, the influence on the hole wall is reduced, the longitudinal and transverse buffers arranged at the top of the drill bit guarantee the stability of the movement of the drill bit in the hole, and the hole wall is relatively compact and not easy to collapse after the drill bit is withdrawn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining decomposition, in particular to an excavator used for ore mining. Background Art

[0002] Excavators are mainly used to drill holes and crush ore during the mining process. The principle is mainly to break the rock through impact rotation and other methods to form a drill hole. Detonator explosives can be buried inside the drill hole to improve the efficiency of ore mining by detonating the explosives.

[0003] Chinese patent CN116025350A discloses an excavator for ore mining. The present invention provides an excavator for ore mining that can excavate rock layers more stably and accurately, and is convenient for excavating rock layers of different hardness.

[0004] Chinese patent CN119308674A discloses a pre-splitting auxiliary crushing device and method for hard rock formations, in order to solve the problem of low pre-splitting quality and efficiency of existing pre-splitting auxiliary crushing devices; the above invention uses a mounting seat, an electric push rod A, a main connecting plate, an upper connecting plate, a knocking plate, a half gear and a main disk. When the drill bit is in a rotating state, since the half gear has only half a circle of teeth, the tooth plate and the upper connecting plate will only move upward a certain distance during the upward movement, and then move downward due to gravity, so that the knocking plate hits the surface of the rock formation and uses the knocking to knock the surface of the rock formation for pre-splitting. It is also achieved that when the drill bit is used to drill a hole to pre-split the rock formation, the knocking plate can also knock the surface of the rock formation for pre-splitting, thereby improving the looseness between each drill hole, making it more convenient for subsequent construction, and indirectly improving the overall work efficiency and work quality.

[0005] The above patents and prior art have the following problems:

[0006] When drilling in relatively soft ore layers, the vibration of the drill bit of the existing excavator can easily cause the wall of the already drilled hole to collapse, and in severe cases, the drill may be buried, resulting in increased energy consumption for mining, thereby affecting the installation depth of detonators and explosives inside subsequent boreholes. In addition, the pre-cracking of hard rock formations in the above-mentioned patent only occurs on the surface of the rock formation, resulting in insufficient pre-cracking between adjacent boreholes, resulting in a small rock formation crushing range and insufficient internal crushing depth in the subsequent crushing process, resulting in low energy utilization rate for crushing. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of this application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] An excavator for ore mining comprises: a connecting arm and an excavation unit;

[0010] The excavation unit is provided at the front end of the connecting arm, and the excavation unit includes a drill bit, which is provided at the side of the connecting arm. The top of the drill bit is connected to the driving unit through a drill shaft, and further includes:

[0011] A protection unit, the protection unit being sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft;

[0012] The protection unit includes a protection tube sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft for supporting the hole wall, a plurality of processing ring cavities are arranged on the surface of the protection tube along its height side from top to bottom, a movable sleeve is arranged between the protection tube and the drill shaft for reciprocatingly impacting the top of the drill bit, a plurality of outward pushing surfaces are arranged inside the processing ring cavity along its circumferential direction, and an arc plate is provided on the outward pushing surface corresponding to the internal position of the processing ring cavity for pushing the outward pushing surface outward to contact the hole wall.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator for ore mining of the present invention, the protection unit further comprises a plurality of insertion cavities provided at the bottom of the protection tube, wherein the plurality of insertion cavities are evenly distributed along the circumference of the protection tube;

[0014] The inner top surface of the insertion cavity is fixedly connected with an elastic member 1, and the insertion cavity is fixedly connected to the protective rod through the elastic member 1. The surface of the protective rod arranged on the inner part of the insertion cavity is wrapped with a buffer sleeve, and the protective rod is elastically in contact with the inner wall of the insertion cavity through the buffer sleeve.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator for ore mining of the present invention, the bottom of the protection rod is fixedly connected to a striking platform, the striking platform has an inner hole therein for accommodating a drill shaft for rotation therein, and drill bits are spaced apart at the bottom of the striking platform, the diameter of the drill bits being larger than the diameter of the protection tube;

[0016] A buffer cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the drill shaft, the outer surface of the buffer cylinder is wrapped with a rubber layer, the outer side of the buffer cylinder is sleeved with a movable sleeve that can move up and down, a spacing space is provided between the movable sleeve and the buffer cylinder, and the bottom projection of the movable sleeve is located on the top of the impact platform.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator for ore mining of the present invention, the processing ring cavity is provided with a plurality of groups of pushers corresponding to the surface position of the movable sleeve, each group of pushers is composed of two pushers, and a space is provided between the two pushers;

[0018] The pushing member is composed of a flat low plate, an inclined push plate and a flat high plate connected in one piece. The flat low plate, the inclined push plate and the flat high plate are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the height direction of the movable sleeve. The height of the flat high plate is greater than that of the flat low plate.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator used for ore mining of the present invention, the top of the processing annular cavity is fixedly connected to a top plate, and the inner side of the top plate is downwardly extended and fixedly connected to an inner side plate;

[0020] The surface of the inner plate is fixedly connected to a guide rod, the surface of the guide rod is slidably connected to the middle opening of the arc plate, the surface of the inner plate is fixedly connected to one side of the elastic member 2, and the other side of the elastic member 2 is fixedly connected to the surface of the arc plate, and the top plate and the guide rod are arranged at the center of the interval between the two pushing members.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator used for ore mining of the present invention, a guide wheel column is fixedly connected to the surface of the arc plate opposite to the movable sleeve;

[0022] The second elastic member pulls the guide wheel column on the surface of the arc plate to movably contact the surface of the pushing member.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator used for ore mining of the present invention, a movable cavity for accommodating the arc plate is provided on the surface of the arc plate corresponding to the processing ring cavity, the inner and outer sides of the movable cavity are both provided with openings, an outward push surface is sleeved in the opening of the movable cavity opposite to the movable sleeve, and the middle portion of the outward push surface is fixedly connected to the inner plate via a guide rod;

[0024] A plurality of outward extension surfaces of the processing ring cavity surface with different heights are staggeredly distributed on the surface of the protection tube.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator for ore mining of the present invention, a mounting hole is provided on the top of the arc plate, a fixing member is inserted into the mounting hole, a folding plate is clamped between the fixing member and the arc plate, the folding plate is composed of a horizontal plate and a straight plate perpendicular to the horizontal plate, and a plurality of chiseling heads are provided on the surface of the straight plate;

[0026] The tip of the chiseling head is opposite to the movable sleeve, and the chiseling head is arranged between the outward-pushing surface and the arc plate. The chiseling head is provided with a through hole corresponding to the surface position of the outward-pushing surface for accommodating the chiseling head to pass through.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the excavator for ore mining of the present invention, the excavator unit further comprises a mounting cavity, the mounting cavity being fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting arm, a guide rod being provided inside the mounting cavity, a slider being slidably connected to the surface of the guide rod, and the slider being fixedly connected to the movable sleeve via a connecting plate on its side;

[0028] The side portion of the slider is movably connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is movably connected to a raised column on the surface of the turntable, and the raised column is eccentrically mounted on the surface of the turntable, and the turntable is rotatably arranged inside the mounting cavity by its central rotating shaft, and a reciprocating drive source is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting cavity, and the central rotating shaft of the turntable passes through the mounting cavity and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the reciprocating drive source;

[0029] The top of the protection tube is fixedly connected to the bottom of the installation cavity.

[0030] As a preferred solution of the excavator used for ore mining described in the present invention, the top surface of the installation cavity is fixedly connected to a drive unit, a cavity is provided between the protective tube and the movable sleeve, the drive unit is composed of a reduction motor and an air compressor, the output shaft of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to the drill shaft, the output end of the air compressor is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe passes through the top of the protective tube and is conductively connected to the cavity.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] First, the support of the protective tube avoids large-scale collapse of the hole, and the outward pushing movement of the multiple outward pushing surfaces arranged on the surface of the protective tube compacts and reinforces the hole wall to a certain extent, further avoiding the impact of the hole wall collapse on the drill bit construction, and the top surface of the drill bit is impacted and vibrated, so that the impact and chiseling of the drill bit are more concentrated, avoiding the drill from getting stuck and reducing the impact on the hole wall. The longitudinal and transverse buffers arranged on the top of the drill bit ensure the stability of the drill bit movement in the hole. Therefore, through the above-mentioned processing process, the equipment can adapt to drilling holes in relatively soft mineral layers, and after the drill bit is withdrawn, the hole wall is relatively tight and not easy to collapse, so that the explosives or detonators can be pushed deeper into the hole for detonation, which is convenient for full utilization of crushing energy and energy saving.

[0033] Second, the drill bit is protected by a protective tube that allows it to advance and retreat, and a chisel head is provided on the surface of the protective tube to pre-crack the inner wall of the hard ore drill hole, which can further improve the crushing pretreatment of hard ore or ore layer, facilitate the full release of subsequent energy, and achieve energy saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments, wherein:

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection between the excavation unit and the protection unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure connection of the installation cavity of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure connection of the protection tube of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part D;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the top of the processing ring cavity of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part E;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure connection of the processing ring cavity of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal connection between the guide rod and the arc plate of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the folded plate and the arc plate structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 14 for Figure 13 The enlarged structural diagram of part F in the middle shows that a chisel head is installed on the surface of the arc plate.

[0049] In the picture:

[0050] 1. Connecting arm;

[0051] 2. Excavation unit; 201. Drill bit; 202. Drive unit; 2021. Drill shaft; 2022. Buffer cylinder; 203. Mounting cavity; 2031. Reciprocating drive source; 2032. Rotary table; 2033. Guide rod; 2034. Slider; 20341. Connecting plate; 2035. Connecting rod;

[0052] 3. Protection unit; 301. Protection tube; 3011. Protection rod; 30111. Insert cavity; 30112. Buffer sleeve; 30113. Elastic part 1; 3012. Impact table; 302. Processing ring cavity; 3021. Outward push surface; 30211. Through-hole; 3022. Movable cavity; 3023. Top plate; 3024. Inner plate; 3025. Guide rod; 3026. Elastic part 2; 303. Movable sleeve; 3031. Pushing member; 30311. Flat low plate; 30312. Oblique push plate; 30313. Flat high plate; 304. Cavity; 3041. Connecting pipe; 305. Arc plate; 3051. Mounting hole; 3052. Guide wheel column; 3053. Folding plate; 3054. Chisel head; 3055. Fixing part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1: This example Figures 1-14 As shown, an excavator for ore mining comprises: a connecting arm 1 and an excavating unit 2, wherein the connecting arm 1 is preferably composed of a hydraulic boom and a small arm of an excavator;

[0055] The excavation unit 2 is provided at the front end of the connecting arm 1. The excavation unit 2 includes a drill bit 201. The drill bit 201 is provided at the side of the connecting arm 1. The top of the drill bit 201 is connected to the driving unit 202 via a drill shaft 2021. The excavation unit 2 also includes:

[0056] A protection unit 3, which is sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft 2021;

[0057] The protection unit 3 includes a protection tube 301 which is sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft 2021 for supporting the hole wall. The surface of the protection tube 301 is provided with several processing ring cavities 302 along its height side from top to bottom. A movable sleeve 303 is provided between the protection tube 301 and the drill shaft 2021 to reciprocate and strike the top of the drill bit 201. The interior of the processing ring cavity 302 is provided with several outward push surfaces 3021 along its circumferential direction. The outward push surfaces 3021 are provided with arc plates 305 corresponding to the internal positions of the processing ring cavity 302 to push the outward push surfaces 3021 outward to contact the hole wall.

[0058] like Figure 5-Figure 6 as well as Figure 8As shown, the protection unit 3 further includes a plurality of insertion cavities 30111 opened at the bottom of the protection tube 301, and the plurality of insertion cavities 30111 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the protection tube 301;

[0059] The inner top surface of the insertion cavity 30111 is fixedly connected with an elastic part 30113, and the insertion cavity 30111 is fixedly connected to the protective rod 3011 through the elastic part 30113. The surface of the protective rod 3011 arranged on the inner part of the insertion cavity 30111 is wrapped with a buffer sleeve 30112. The protective rod 3011 is elastically in contact with the inner wall of the insertion cavity 30111 through the buffer sleeve 30112. The elastic part 30113 is preferably a spring or a damping spring, and the buffer sleeve 30112 is preferably made of elastic rubber material.

[0060] The bottom of the protection rod 3011 is fixedly connected to a striking platform 3012. The striking platform 3012 accommodates the drill shaft 2021 for rotation therein through an inner hole provided therein. A drill bit 201 is provided at the bottom of the striking platform 3012. The diameter of the drill bit 201 is larger than the diameter of the protection tube 301. Preferably, the diameter of the drill bit 201 is larger than the diameter of the protection tube 301 by 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0061] A buffer cylinder 2022 is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the drill shaft 2021, and the outer surface of the buffer cylinder 2022 is wrapped with a rubber layer. The outer side of the buffer cylinder 2022 is sleeved with a movable sleeve 303 that can move up and down. A spacing space is provided between the movable sleeve 303 and the buffer cylinder 2022, and the bottom projection of the movable sleeve 303 is located on the top of the impact platform 3012.

[0062] The drill bit 201 will inevitably vibrate during the drilling process. When the drill shaft 2021 is driven by the drill bit 201 to deviate laterally, the rubber layer on the surface of the buffer cylinder 2022 on the outside of the drill shaft 2021 will make it laterally buffer relative to the movable sleeve 303, thereby completing the initial lateral buffering. When the drill bit 201 deviates laterally too much, it will drive the drill shaft 2021 to hit the inner hole surface of the impact table 3012, thereby pushing the impact table 3012 to move laterally outward, so that the lateral movement of the impact table 3012 will be buffered by the protective rod 3011 on its top located inside the insertion cavity 30111. The sleeve 30112 is used for buffering, thereby completing secondary buffering. Through the above-mentioned double buffering, the lateral vibration offset of the drill bit 201 is alleviated. If the drill bit 201 vibrates upward, it will hit the bottom surface of the impact table 3012, causing the impact table 3012 to move upward, so that the elastic member 30113 connected to the top of the impact table 3012 through the protective rod 3011 buffers the upward bounce of the drill bit 201. Furthermore, through the above-mentioned double lateral buffering and the longitudinal buffering of the elastic member 30113, the drill bit 201 moves more stably during the drilling process.

[0063] The excavation unit 2 further includes a mounting cavity 203, which is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting arm 1. A guide rod 2033 is provided inside the mounting cavity 203. A slider 2034 is slidably connected to the surface of the guide rod 2033. The slider 2034 is fixedly connected to the movable sleeve 303 via a connecting plate 20341 on its side.

[0064] The side of the slider 2034 is movably connected to one end of the connecting rod 2035, and the other end of the connecting rod 2035 is movably connected to a raised column on the surface of the turntable 2032, and the raised column is eccentrically mounted on the surface of the turntable 2032. The turntable 2032 is rotatably arranged inside the mounting cavity 203 around its central rotating shaft. A reciprocating drive source 2031 is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting cavity 203. The central rotating shaft of the turntable 2032 passes through the mounting cavity 203 and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the reciprocating drive source 2031.

[0065] The top of the protection tube 301 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the installation cavity 203. The reciprocating drive source 2031 is preferably a reduction motor.

[0066] The top surface of the installation cavity 203 is fixedly connected to the driving unit 202, and a cavity 304 is provided between the protective tube 301 and the movable sleeve 303. The driving unit 202 is composed of a reduction motor and an air compressor. The output shaft of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to the drill shaft 2021, and the output end of the air compressor is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe 3041. The connecting pipe 3041 passes through the top of the protective tube 301 and is conductively connected to the cavity 304.

[0067] By starting the air compressor inside the drive unit 202, the air compressor delivers high-pressure gas to the space between the bottom of the protective tube 301 and the impact platform 3012 through the connecting pipe 3041 and the cavity 304, so that the delivered high-pressure gas reaches the side of the drill bit 201, thereby flushing the slag generated by the drill bit 201 during drilling. The airflow reaching the side of the drill bit 201 will eventually be discharged through the top opening of the drill hole, thereby driving the flushed slag to be discharged through the space between the protective tube 301 and the hole wall toward the top opening of the drill hole;

[0068] Of course, in order to reduce the impact of high-pressure gas on the soft hole wall, the space between the protective tube 301 and the impact platform 3012 can be sealed by a rubber sleeve, and an opening can be made at the bottom of the drill bit 201 to allow the high-pressure gas in the cavity 304 to pass through the opening in the middle of the impact platform 3012 and the corresponding opening at the bottom of the drill bit 201 below it, so that the high-pressure gas inside the cavity 304 is blown to the forward end of the drill bit 201, and then discharged through the gap between the protective tube 301 and the hole wall, thereby driving the discharge of slag produced by drilling.

[0069] like Figure 7 and Figures 9-12 As shown, the processing ring cavity 302 is provided with a plurality of groups of pushers 3031 corresponding to the surface position of the movable sleeve 303. Each group of pushers 3031 is composed of two pushers 3031, and a space is provided between the two pushers 3031.

[0070] The pushing member 3031 is composed of a flat low plate 30311, an inclined push plate 30312 and a flat high plate 30313 connected as one body. The flat low plate 30311, the inclined push plate 30312 and the flat high plate 30313 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the height direction of the movable sleeve 303, and the height of the flat high plate 30313 is greater than the height of the flat low plate 30311.

[0071] like Figures 9-12 As shown, a top plate 3023 is fixedly connected to the top of the processing ring chamber 302, and an inner plate 3024 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top plate 3023 extending downward;

[0072] The surface of the inner plate 3024 is fixedly connected to a guide rod 3025, and the surface of the guide rod 3025 is slidingly connected to the middle opening of the arc plate 305. The surface of the inner plate 3024 is fixedly connected to one side of the elastic member 2 3026, and the other side of the elastic member 2 3026 is fixedly connected to the surface of the arc plate 305. The top plate 3023 and the guide rod 3025 are arranged at the center of the interval between the two pushing members 3031. The elastic member 2 3026 is preferably a spring or a damping spring.

[0073] like Figure 11 As shown, the surface of the arc plate 305 opposite to the movable sleeve 303 is fixedly connected to a guide wheel column 3052, and the guide wheel column 3052 is composed of a roller and a roller leg on the top of the roller, and the roller is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the roller leg, and the roller leg is fixedly connected to the arc plate 305;

[0074] The second elastic member 3026 pulls the guide wheel column 3052 on the surface of the arc plate 305 to make active contact with the surface of the pushing member 3031 , that is, the roller at the bottom of the guide wheel column 3052 is in active contact with the surface of the pushing member 3031 .

[0075] like Figure 2-Figure 3 as well as Figure 10-12As shown, the arc plate 305 is provided with a movable cavity 3022 for accommodating the arc plate 305 at a surface position corresponding to the processing ring cavity 302. The inner and outer sides of the movable cavity 3022 are both provided with openings. The opening of the movable cavity 3022 opposite to the movable sleeve 303 is sleeved with an outward push surface 3021, that is, the periphery of the outward push surface 3021 is threadedly connected to the bolt holes on the inner wall of the opening of the movable cavity 3022 by bolts. The middle part of the outward push surface 3021 is fixedly connected to the inner plate 3024 by a guide rod 3025. The outward push surface 3021 is preferably made of elastic rubber material.

[0076] The outward extension surfaces 3021 of the processing ring cavity 302 at different heights are staggered on the surface of the protection tube 301. That is, the outward extension surfaces 3021 of the processing ring cavity 302 at different heights are not aligned vertically on the surface of the protection tube 301, but are staggered at intervals on the surface of the protection tube 301.

[0077] When mining soft soil layers:

[0078] When the connecting arm 1 drives the excavation unit 2 to move to the position where excavation is required, the motor inside the driving unit 202 is started, so that the internal motor of the driving unit 202 drives the drill shaft 2021 and the drill bit 201 to rotate, so that the drill bit 201 drills the ore layer, and pushes the drill bit 201 gradually into the soil layer through the connecting arm 1. At the same time as the drill bit 201 drills, it also drives the protective tube 301 to be inserted into the inside of the borehole. At this time, there is a gap between the inner wall of the borehole and the protective tube 301, and then when the hole is drilled, the protective tube 301 is inserted into the hole. When the wall collapses, the protection tube 301 will support the hole wall to prevent the collapsed soil layer from collapsing too much inward, thereby preventing the hole wall from being exposed and collapsing excessively inward after the conventional drill bit 201 drills a certain distance, especially in land with relatively soft soil layers. The protection tube 301 is synchronously penetrated into the drilled hole with the drill bit 201, reducing the window period when the hole wall is exposed and unsupported, and avoiding subsequent excessive collapse of the hole wall from interfering with the advancement and retreat of the drill bit 201, thereby improving the protection of the hole wall during the drilling process.

[0079] As the drill bit 201 continues to advance in the hole, the reciprocating drive source 2031 is activated, causing the output shaft of the reciprocating drive source 2031 to rotate, driving the rotary disk 2032 to rotate. The rotation of the rotary disk 2032 drives the connecting rod 2035 on its surface to swing. As the connecting rod 2035 swings, the slider 2034 is driven to reciprocate up and down on the surface of the guide rod 2033. During the reciprocating motion, the slider 2034 drives the movable sleeve 303 to reciprocate up and down through the connecting plate 20341 on its side.

[0080] The impact of the movable sleeve 303 is cushioned by the impact platform 3012 and the elastic member 30113 on the top of the drill bit 201, so that the vibration of the movable sleeve 303 hitting the top surface of the drill bit 201 through the impact platform 3012 is softer than the impact of the movable sleeve 303 directly hitting the top surface of the drill bit 201, thereby avoiding the sharp high-frequency vibration of the movable sleeve 303 during the high-frequency reciprocating downward impact of the movable sleeve 303, thereby causing the drill bit 201 to generate harmful vibration on the hole wall, thereby more easily inducing hole wall collapse;

[0081] The movable sleeve 303 strikes the top surface of the drill bit 201 through the striking platform 3012, which is different from the prior art in which the electric hammer directly strikes the tail of the connecting shaft of the drill bit 201, that is, the tail of the drill shaft 2021 of the present invention. The vibration generated by the impact of the top of the drill bit 201 is basically concentrated at the bottom of the hole, making the impact vibration more concentrated, reducing the occurrence of the drill bit 201 and the soil layer being stuck, and the process has little impact on the upper and middle parts of the hole wall. In the prior art, the vibration generated by striking the tail of the connecting shaft of the drill bit 201 will be transmitted to the hole wall surface through the connecting shaft to generate vibration interference, thereby more easily inducing hole wall collapse.

[0082] Of course, in order to reduce the interference of the impact vibration transmitted to the top surface of the drill bit 201 by the impact table 3012 on the internal motor connection between the drill shaft 2021 and the drive unit 202, an insertion strip can be installed on the side of the drive unit 202, and a slot matching the insertion strip can be set on the surface of the installation cavity 203, and the insertion strip can be elastically connected to the damping spring inside the slot, so that the drive unit 202 and the drill shaft 2021 can move up and down synchronously with the drill bit 201 on the surface of the installation cavity 203, and be buffered by the damping spring.

[0083] Then, in the process of the movable sleeve 303 moving upward, the pushing member 3031 on its surface will gradually rise with the movable sleeve 303, and in the process of the pushing member 3031 rising, the flat plate 30311 that was originally inserted between the buffer cylinder 2022 and the arc plate 305 in the process of the movable sleeve 303 descending will be lifted up, so that in the process of the flat plate 30311 lifting up, the inclined push plate 30312 and the flat plate 30313 will gradually lift up, so that in the process of the inclined push plate 30312 and the flat plate 30313 lifting up, the height change of the flat plate 30313 relative to the flat plate 30311 will push the guide wheel column 3052 on its surface to move outward, and then when the guide wheel column 3052 moves outward When the movable sleeve 303 moves, it drives the arc plate 305 to move outward along the guide rod 3025. When the movable sleeve 303 drives the protective tube 301 to be lifted to a preset height, the guide wheel column 3052 moves along the inclined push plate 30312 to the surface of the flat plate 30313. At this time, the guide wheel column 3052 pushes the arc plate 305 to drive the outward push surface 3021 to push outward, so that the arc plate 305 pushes the outward push surface 3021 to hit the hole wall surface. At this time, the arc plate 305 only extends two-thirds to push the outward push surface 3021 outward, and the remaining one-third slides through the middle hole and is set on the surface of the guide rod 3025, and then pushes the outward push surface 3021 of the rubber material to squeeze and compact the hole wall through the arc plate 305.

[0084] The outward pushing surfaces 3021 arranged on the surface of the multiple processing ring cavities 302 on the surface of the protective tube 301 are staggered on the surface of the protective tube 301, so that the multiple outward pushing surfaces 3021 can be squeezed to the surface of the hole wall along with the arc plate 305 inside it, thereby squeezing and compacting multiple positions at different heights of the hole wall, thereby further avoiding the collapse of the hole wall caused by the relatively soft soil layer.

[0085] In summary: the support of the protective tube 301 avoids large-scale collapse of the hole, and the outward movement of the multiple outward push surfaces 3021 arranged on the surface of the protective tube 301 compacts and reinforces the hole wall to a certain extent, further avoiding the impact of hole wall collapse on the construction of the drill bit 201, and the top surface of the drill bit 201 is impacted and vibrated, so that the impact and chiseling of the drill bit 201 are more concentrated, avoiding its drill jam and reducing the impact on the hole wall, and the longitudinal and transverse buffers arranged on the top of the drill bit 201 ensure the stability of the drill bit 201 in the hole. Therefore, the equipment can adapt to drilling holes in relatively soft mineral layers through the above-mentioned processing process, and after the drill bit 201 is withdrawn, the hole wall is relatively tight and not easy to collapse, so that the explosives or detonators can be pushed deeper into the hole for detonation, which is convenient for full utilization of crushing energy and energy saving.

[0086] Embodiment 2: This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that:

[0087] like Figure 10 and Figure 13-14As shown, a mounting hole 3051 is formed at the top of the arc plate 305. A fixing piece 3055 is inserted into the mounting hole 3051. A folding plate 3053 is clamped between the fixing piece 3055 and the arc plate 305. The folding plate 3053 is composed of a horizontal plate and a straight plate perpendicular to the horizontal plate. A plurality of chiseling heads 3054 are provided on the surface of the straight plate.

[0088] The tip of the chisel head 3054 is opposite to the movable sleeve 303, and the chisel head 3054 is arranged between the outward push surface 3021 and the arc plate 305. The chisel head 3054 is provided with a through hole 30211 corresponding to the surface position of the outward push surface 3021 to accommodate the chisel head 3054 to pass through. The fixing part 3055 is preferably a bolt.

[0089] The rest of the structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

[0090] When mining hard soil layers:

[0091] By replacing the excavation unit 2 and the protection unit 3 at the front end of the connecting arm 1, the outward pushing surface 3021 on the surface of the protection tube 301 is provided with a through-hole 3021, and the front end of the arc plate 305 is equipped with a chiseling head 3054, so that when the movable sleeve 303 moves upward, the pushing member 3031 on its surface will gradually rise with the movable sleeve 303, and when the pushing member 3031 rises, the flat plate 30311 that was originally inserted between the buffer cylinder 2022 and the arc plate 305 during the descent of the movable sleeve 303 is lifted up, so that when the flat plate 30311 is lifted up, the inclined push plate 30312 and the flat plate 30313 are gradually lifted up, thereby During the lifting process, the height change of the flat plate 30313 relative to the flat plate 30311 will push the guide wheel column 3052 on its surface to move outward, and then when the guide wheel column 3052 moves outward, it will drive the arc plate 305 to move outward along the guide rod 3025. When the movable sleeve 303 drives the protection tube 301 to lift to a preset height, the guide wheel column 3052 moves along the inclined push plate 30312 to the surface of the flat plate 30313. At this time, the guide wheel column 3052 pushes the arc plate 305 outward, so that the arc plate 305 pushes the chisel head 3054 through the through-hole 30211 to chisel the surface of the hard ore, thereby causing cracks on the drilled surface of the ore, making it easier for the rock layer between adjacent drilled holes to become relatively loose, which is convenient for subsequent crushing processing;

[0092] If it is only used to crush large ores, the chiseling cracks on the wall of the drilled hole will cause cracks inside the ore, which is more conducive to the subsequent crushing of the ore. The chiseling head 3054 is relatively small in size relative to the hole wall, and its chiseling of the hole wall will not cause large pieces of hard ore to fall off the surface. Therefore, under the protection of the protective tube 301, the drill bit 201 can drill the hole relatively stably, and then the protective tube 301 protects the drill bit 201 from moving forward and backward, and the protective tube 301 can also protect the drill bit 201 from moving forward and backward. 1 is provided with a chisel head 3054 on the surface for pre-cracks on the inner wall of the hard ore drill hole, which can further improve the crushing pretreatment of the hard ore or ore layer. It should be noted that after the chisel head 3054 horizontally chisels the inner wall of the ore of the opening, the movable sleeve 303 drops rapidly, so that the arc plate 305 is pulled back by the elastic member 3026, thereby avoiding the chisel head 3054 from being in contact with the hole wall for too long, resulting in excessive interference with the movement of the protective tube 301 as the drill bit 201 descends and drills.

Claims

1. An excavator for ore mining, comprising: Connecting arm (1) and excavation unit (2); The excavation unit (2) is arranged at the front end of the connecting arm (1), and the excavation unit (2) comprises a drill bit (201). The drill bit (201) is arranged on the side of the connecting arm (1), and the top of the drill bit (201) is connected to the driving unit (202) through a drill shaft (2021). The device is characterized in that it further comprises: A protection unit (3), wherein the protection unit (3) is sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft (2021); The protection unit (3) comprises a protection tube (301) sleeved on the outside of the drill shaft (2021) for supporting the hole wall, a plurality of processing annular cavities (302) are sequentially arranged on the surface of the protection tube (301) along its height side from top to bottom, a movable sleeve (303) is arranged between the protection tube (301) and the drill shaft (2021) for reciprocatingly striking the top of the drill bit (201), a plurality of outward pushing surfaces (3021) are arranged inside the processing annular cavity (302) along its circumferential direction, and an arc plate (305) is provided on the outward pushing surface (3021) corresponding to the internal position of the processing annular cavity (302) for pushing the outward pushing surface (3021) outward to contact the hole wall; The protection unit (3) further comprises a plurality of insertion cavities (30111) opened at the bottom of the protection tube (301), wherein the plurality of insertion cavities (30111) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the protection tube (301); The inner top surface of the inserting cavity (30111) is fixedly connected to an elastic member 1 (30113), the inserting cavity (30111) is fixedly connected to the protective rod (3011) via the elastic member 1 (30113), the surface of the protective rod (30111) disposed inside the inserting cavity (30111) is wrapped with a buffer sleeve (30112), and the protective rod (3011) is in elastic contact with the inner wall of the inserting cavity (30111) via the buffer sleeve (30112); The processing ring cavity (302) is provided with a plurality of groups of pushers (3031) at surface positions corresponding to the movable sleeve (303), each group of pushers (3031) is composed of two pushers (3031), and a space is provided between the two pushers (3031); The pushing member (3031) is composed of a flat low plate (30311), an oblique push plate (30312), and a flat high plate (30313) connected in one piece. The flat low plate (30311), the oblique push plate (30312), and the flat high plate (30313) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the height direction of the movable sleeve (303). The height of the flat high plate (30313) is greater than the height of the flat low plate (30311).

2. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the protection rod (3011) is fixedly connected to a striking platform (3012), and the striking platform (3012) accommodates the drill shaft (2021) for rotation therein through an inner hole provided therein. A drill bit (201) is provided at intervals at the bottom of the striking platform (3012), and the diameter of the drill bit (201) is larger than the diameter of the protection tube (301); A buffer cylinder (2022) is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the drill shaft (2021), the outer surface of the buffer cylinder (2022) is wrapped with a rubber layer, and a movable sleeve (303) that can move up and down is sleeved on the outer side of the buffer cylinder (2022), a space is provided between the movable sleeve (303) and the buffer cylinder (2022), and the bottom projection of the movable sleeve (303) is located on the top of the impact platform (3012).

3. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: A top plate (3023) is fixedly connected to the top of the processing ring chamber (302), and an inner plate (3024) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the top plate (3023) extending downward; The surface of the inner plate (3024) is fixedly connected to a guide rod (3025), the surface of the guide rod (3025) is slidably connected to the central opening of the arc plate (305), the surface of the inner plate (3024) is fixedly connected to one side of the second elastic member (3026), and the other side of the second elastic member (3026) is fixedly connected to the surface of the arc plate (305), and the top plate (3023) and the guide rod (3025) are arranged at the center of the interval between the two pushing members (3031).

4. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the arc plate (305) opposite to the movable sleeve (303) is fixedly connected with a guide wheel column (3052); The second elastic member (3026) pulls the guide wheel column (3052) on the surface of the arc plate (305) to move in contact with the surface of the pushing member (3031).

5. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arc plate (305) is provided with a movable cavity (3022) for accommodating the arc plate (305) at a surface position corresponding to the processing ring cavity (302), and openings are provided on both the inner and outer sides of the movable cavity (3022). An outward push surface (3021) is sleeved in the opening of the movable cavity (3022) opposite to the movable sleeve (303), and the middle portion of the outward push surface (3021) is fixedly connected to the inner plate (3024) via a guide rod (3025); Several outwardly pushed surfaces (3021) of the processing ring cavity (302) with different heights are staggeredly distributed on the surface of the protection tube (301).

6. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 5, characterized in that: A mounting hole (3051) is provided on the top of the arc plate (305), a fixing member (3055) is inserted into the mounting hole (3051), a folding plate (3053) is clamped between the fixing member (3055) and the arc plate (305), the folding plate (3053) is composed of a horizontal plate and a straight plate perpendicular to the horizontal plate, and a plurality of chiseling heads (3054) are provided on the surface of the straight plate; The tip of the chiseling head (3054) is opposite to the movable sleeve (303), and the chiseling head (3054) is arranged between the outward-pushing surface (3021) and the arc plate (305). The chiseling head (3054) is provided with a through hole (30211) corresponding to the surface position of the outward-pushing surface (3021) for accommodating the chiseling head (3054) to pass through.

7. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The excavation unit (2) further comprises an installation cavity (203), wherein the installation cavity (203) is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting arm (1), a guide rod (2033) is provided inside the installation cavity (203), a sliding block (2034) is slidably connected to the surface of the guide rod (2033), and the sliding block (2034) is fixedly connected to the movable sleeve (303) via a connecting plate (20341) on its side; The side of the slider (2034) is movably connected to one end of the connecting rod (2035), and the other end of the connecting rod (2035) is movably connected to a raised column on the surface of the turntable (2032), and the raised column is eccentrically mounted on the surface of the turntable (2032). The turntable (2032) is rotatably arranged inside the installation cavity (203) via its central rotation axis. A reciprocating drive source (2031) is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation cavity (203). The central rotation axis of the turntable (2032) passes through the installation cavity (203) and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the reciprocating drive source (2031). The top of the protective tube (301) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the installation cavity (203).

8. The excavator for ore mining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top surface of the installation cavity (203) is fixedly connected to a driving unit (202); a cavity (304) is provided between the protective tube (301) and the movable sleeve (303); the driving unit (202) is composed of a reduction motor and an air compressor; the output shaft of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to the drill shaft (2021); the output end of the air compressor is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (3041); and the connecting pipe (3041) passes through the top of the protective tube (301) and is conductively connected to the cavity (304).

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