Anchor bolt driving head, anchor bolt driving machine and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor rod driving head, an anchor rod driving machine and a method. The invention discloses an anchor rod head, an anchor rod machine and a method for reinforcing a rock surface through a rock anchor rod. The bolting head (4) comprises a frame (18) and at least one drilling unit (5) and at least one bolting unit (7), the at least one drilling unit (5) and the at least one bolting unit (7) being mounted to the frame in a parallel orientation relative to each other. The drilling unit and the bolting unit may operate simultaneously without moving the drilling unit and the bolting unit relative to a frame. Consequently, simultaneous drilling and bolt feeding are carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a rock bolt driving head for providing reinforcement to a rock surface.

[0002] The invention also relates to a bolting machine and a method.

[0003] The field of the invention is more particularly defined in the preambles of the independent claims. Background Art

[0004] In mines, construction sites, and other work areas, rock surfaces need to be reinforced to ensure they are safe and fit for their intended purpose. A common method for rock reinforcement is rock bolting. In this reinforcement system, several rock bolts are inserted into a drilled borehole and tensioned. This binds the rock formation together, reducing the risk of collapse. Rock bolting is typically performed using a rock bolting machine, which includes a rock bolting head for drilling the borehole and for feeding the rock bolts into the borehole. However, existing rock bolting heads exhibit several disadvantages. Summary of the Invention

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved rock bolting head, rock bolting machine and method of reinforcing a rock surface with a rock bolt.

[0006] The rock bolting head according to the invention is characterized by the features characterizing the first independent device claim.

[0007] The roof bolter according to the invention is characterized by the features characterizing the second independent device claim.

[0008] The method according to the invention is characterized by the features and steps characterizing the independent method claims.

[0009] The disclosed solution is based on the idea that in a bolting head there are at least one drilling unit and at least one bolting unit, which are mounted to the bolting unit frame in a parallel orientation relative to one another and are also located at a lateral distance from one another. Furthermore, the drilling unit and the bolting unit can be operated simultaneously without having to move them relative to the frame. This configuration allows for simultaneous drilling and bolt feeding of the bolting head.

[0010] In other words, both the drilling unit and the bolting unit continuously face the rock surface during operation and can be operated independently and simultaneously to perform drilling and bolt insertion. Consequently, the bolting head can perform bolting without any positioning movement between drilling and bolt installation. Consequently, the bolting head lacks an indexing device or any other actuator for positioning movement between the drilling unit and the bolting unit.

[0011] The advantage of the disclosed solution is that significant time savings can be achieved during the rock reinforcement process when the drilling unit and the bolting unit are operated simultaneously. Rock bolting itself does not create any value for the mine, so it is important to perform the reinforcement process as quickly as possible so that it can be performed safely to create real value for the mining operation.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the rock bolting unit comprises a tensioning device for providing pre-tensioning to the rock bolt after insertion into the borehole.The tensioning device may comprise a rotation device for tightening a tensioning nut of the rock bolt.

[0013] According to one embodiment, a bolting head includes at least one bolt magazine for storing a plurality of rock bolts. The bolt magazine is arranged parallel to the drilling unit and the bolting unit. In one embodiment, the bolt magazine includes multiple storage locations around its periphery, and the bolt magazine is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. In an alternative embodiment, the bolt magazine may be a linear magazine, in which the rock bolts are arranged in a linear configuration. Furthermore, other possible bolt magazine arrangements and structures may be implemented with the bolting head embodiments disclosed herein.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the frame of the bolting head comprises a swivel joint for mounting the bolting head to the boom, whereby the bolting head can be rotated relative to the boom.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the lateral distance between the drilling unit and the bolting unit is set according to the bolting distance of the rock bolt to be installed. In other words, the lateral distance is set according to a bolting plan that defines the bolting distance.

[0016] According to one embodiment, the relative positions of the frame, drilling unit, and bolting unit are fixed. In other words, the relative positions of the drilling unit and bolting unit are set by the mechanical structure of the bolting head. Thus, the distance between the drilling unit and bolting unit is determined during the design and manufacture of the bolting head. This fixed-structure bolting head is simple, durable, and inexpensive.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the lateral distance between the drilling unit and the bolting unit is adjustable, whereby at least one of the drilling unit and the bolting unit is arranged to be laterally movable relative to the frame. When the bolting head is in operation, the drilling unit and the bolting unit can be locked so as to be immovable in the laterally direction. In other words, the bolting head has bolting and adjustment features that are independently and non-simultaneously operable.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the frame comprises transverse guide surfaces along which the drilling unit or the bolting unit or both can be moved in transverse direction in order to adjust their relative transverse position and distance. The adjusted position is locked for the duration of the bolting operation by means of one or more locking or fastening elements.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the adjustment movement is performed by means of a manual adjustment element, such as a screw member or a pulley. Since no adjustment is performed during the working cycle, the implementation of a manual adjustment device is possible. Alternatively, one or more adjustment actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders or motors, may be present for performing the adjustment movement.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the frame of the bolting head is a bracket on which the drilling unit and the bolting unit are mounted, wherein the bracket is an elongated object having a transverse orientation with respect to the parallel longitudinal axes of the drilling unit and the bolting unit. In other words, the bracket comprises at least one fastening surface on which both the drilling unit and the bolting unit are mounted side by side at a lateral distance from each other.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the bracket is provided with a swivel joint by which the bolting head is rotatably mounted to the boom.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the bolting head includes two drilling units and two bolting units, all of which can be operated simultaneously. In other words, the bolting head has a total of four operating units that can simultaneously perform bolting operations. This further enhances and accelerates the bolting process. Furthermore, the large number of simultaneously operable units means fewer positioning movements of the bolting head.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the frame of the bolting head is a transverse bracket with two opposing sides. The two drilling units are arranged on opposite sides and facing away from each other. The same applies to the two bolting units arranged on opposite sides and facing away from each other. At one end of the elongated bracket, a swivel joint or rotatable coupling element is provided for rotatably attaching the bolting head to the boom.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the bolting head includes an anchoring element that can be supported against the rock surface. The frame of the bolting head can be rotated relative to the anchoring element. In other words, the anchoring element protrudes in the longitudinal direction of the bolting head, and a rotary joint and a rotary actuator are provided for rotating the frame.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the anchoring element, the drilling unit and the bolting unit are mounted to the frame such that they form a triangular configuration.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the drilling unit and the bolting unit are located at a predetermined distance from each other, and furthermore, the distance between the drilling unit and the anchoring element is equal to the distance between the bolting unit and the anchoring element. The configuration can be fixed or the relative distance can be adjusted by performing an adjustment movement before starting the bolting working cycle.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the frame of the bolting head comprises a first arm for connecting the drilling unit and the anchoring element to each other.A second arm is provided for connecting the bolting unit and the anchoring element to each other.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the frame of the bolting head may alternatively be a bracket-like structure configured to connect the drilling unit, the anchoring element, and the bolting unit to one another, wherein the bracket-like structure is rotatable relative to the anchoring element. Thus, the frame may lack the separate arm members disclosed in the previous embodiments. The bracket may, for example, be a curved or angled elongated structure, with the anchoring element located in its middle portion and the drilling unit and bolting unit located at its opposite end portions.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the disclosed solution also relates to a bolter, comprising: a movable carrier; at least one boom mounted on the carrier; a bolting head mounted on the boom; and a control device for controlling the operation of the bolter. The bolting head is a bolting head according to the features and embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, the control unit is configured to provide control commands to at least one drilling unit and at least one bolting unit of the bolting head mounted to the boom, so as to execute a bolting cycle comprising simultaneous drilling and bolting.

[0030] In other words, the control unit can simultaneously control a bolting cycle for performing bolting measures at two or more rock bolt locations. During the positioning phase, the control unit can provide control commands for the actuator to move the boom and the bolting head so that the bolting head is positioned facing the rock bolt locations, i.e., facing the planned, but not yet drilled, hole and the already drilled hole at the planned location. Bolting measures are thus not performed in front of a single rock bolt location, but in front of several rock bolt locations, thereby enabling more efficient and rapid bolting.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the control unit automatically executes or assists the operator of the rock bolter in executing the rock bolting cycle. The control unit is then provided with data regarding a rock bolting plan, wherein at least a rock bolting pattern is defined. The rock bolting pattern includes data regarding the relative distances of the rock bolts to be installed.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the operator of the bolter can alternatively control the bolting cycle, thereby implementing manual control. The operator can then provide the desired control parameters and selections to the control unit in the user interface, and the control unit generates control commands for the relevant actuators.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the bolter can be operated without inputting a pre-planned bolting pattern into the control unit.Then, the bolter's control unit can generate the bolting pattern in collaboration with the bolter operator and input parameters such as bolting distance.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the disclosed solution also relates to a method for strengthening a rock surface with the aid of a rock bolt. The method comprises: performing a strengthening measure with the aid of a rock bolter, the rock bolter comprising a rock bolting head mounted to a boom; drilling a borehole into the rock surface to be strengthened with the aid of a drilling unit of the rock bolting head; and installing a rock bolt into the borehole with the aid of the rock bolting unit of the rock bolting head. The method also comprises performing a simultaneous drilling and bolting measure with the aid of the rock bolting head, wherein the rock bolt is installed into at least one previously drilled borehole and at least one new borehole is drilled simultaneously.

[0035] In other words, the method comprises processing simultaneously a borehole that has not yet been drilled and a previously drilled borehole.Thus, the simultaneous drilling and bolting performed comprises drilling the next borehole while bolting the previously drilled borehole is being performed.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises keeping the drilling unit and the bolting unit at a predetermined lateral distance from each other and maintaining their parallel orientation during the drilling and bolting steps. In other words, the bolting head is always ready for simultaneous drilling and bolting without any indexing measures or additional positioning.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: providing the rock bolt to a pre-planned rock bolt location; and covering at least two rock bolt locations at a time and positioning the bolt head at the rock bolt location in one go. In other words, in the disclosed solution, positioning is performed using a longer positioning step that includes several rock bolt locations in advance, rather than performing positioning one by one as in known rock bolting methods.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises performing reinforcement measures according to a rock bolting plan with regular relative positions and distances between several rock bolt positions defined in the rock bolting plan.

[0039] In other words, the rock bolt planning being executed includes rock bolt positions that are spaced at the same distance from one another. The lateral distance between the drilling unit and the rock bolting unit is set to correspond to this regular distance. Furthermore, the rock bolt positions can be arranged on multiple straight lines, resulting in a geometrically simple rock bolting pattern. Positioning the rock bolt head is therefore quick and simple.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises performing reinforcement measures on a roof surface of the underground mine gallery.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the disclosed reinforcement measure is subjected to a planar or flat rock surface, or to a substantially flat rock surface.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the disclosed reinforcement is applied to the surface of a pit wall of an underground mine gallery.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises positioning the bolting heads along the linear movement path in rows or columns.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the method further comprises: using a bolting head provided with an anchoring element, which together with the drilling unit and the bolting unit forms a triangular configuration; supporting the anchoring element against the rock surface at the anchoring position; performing square bolting for a rock bolt pattern in the shape of a square defined by four rock bolt positions; and performing a positioning movement of the bolting head by simultaneously rotating the drilling unit and the bolting unit relative to the anchoring element to position the drilling unit and the bolting unit to the rock bolt positions of the rock bolt pattern.

[0045] The advantage of square bolting is that anchoring (i.e. positioning the bolt head to the anchor point) only needs to be done once for each square pattern. This reduces the number of bolt head positioning measures and thus speeds up the bolting process.

[0046] Alternatively, the square bolting pattern can also be implemented differently. For example, two square patterns can overlap, whereby the bolting head can be positioned using a shorter positioning step.

[0047] The above disclosed embodiments may be combined in order to form a suitable solution having desired ones of the above features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Some embodiments are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a bolter performing simultaneous drilling and bolt feeding in a mine gallery,

[0050] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of a bolting machine for bolting at the top of a pit;

[0051] Figure 3 and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the bolting head seen in the longitudinal direction of the drilling unit and the bolting unit and also showing the possibility of adjusting their relative lateral distance,

[0052] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 and Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the anchor bolt head disclosed in

[0053] Figures 6 to 9 Is shown by Figures 3 to 5 Schematic top view of the simultaneous drilling and bolting measures performed by the bolting head disclosed in

[0054] Figure 10 and Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an anchoring head comprising two drilling units and two anchoring units.

[0055] Figure 12 and Figure 13 Is shown by Figure 10 and Figure 11 Schematic top view of the simultaneous drilling and bolting measures performed by the bolting head disclosed in

[0056] Figure 14 and Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an anchoring head including an anchoring element, around which the drilling unit and the anchoring unit can rotate.

[0057] Figures 16 to 23 Is shown by Figure 14 and Figure 15 A schematic top view of the simultaneous drilling and bolting measures performed by the bolting head disclosed in

[0058] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a solution implementing a square bolting method with an overlapping square pattern.

[0059] For the sake of clarity, the accompanying drawings show some embodiments of the disclosed solution in a simplified manner. In the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Figure 1 A bolting machine 1 is disclosed, comprising a movable carrier 2 and at least one boom 3 mounted on the carrier 2. A bolting head 4 is mounted on the boom 3. The bolting head 4 includes a drilling unit 5 for drilling a borehole 6 and a bolting unit 7 for inserting a rock bolt 8 into the borehole 6. The drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are arranged parallel to each other in the bolting head 4 and can both be operated simultaneously. The drilling unit 5 can then drill a hole, and simultaneously, the bolting unit can feed the rock bolt 8 into the previously drilled hole 6. When drilling and rock bolt feeding are completed, the bolting head 4 is then further positioned so that the drilling unit 5 is at the next rock bolt position 9 and the bolting unit 7 is at the previously drilled borehole 6. Typically, the bolting head 4 can be positioned to several subsequent positions by means of the boom 3, without moving the carrier 2, to perform simultaneous drilling and bolting operations.

[0061] The rock bolter 1 further comprises a control unit CU for controlling the operation of the rock bolter 1. The control unit can provide control commands to the drilling unit 5 and the rock bolting unit 7 for performing a rock bolting work cycle comprising simultaneous drilling and rock bolting. The control unit CU can also provide control commands to the actuator for moving the boom 3 and for moving the rock bolting head 4 relative to the boom 3, thereby performing a positioning movement of the rock bolting head 4. The control unit CU can provide automatic control, or it can assist the operator of the rock bolter 1. Furthermore, the control unit CU can be provided with a rock bolting pattern, in which the number of rock bolt positions and the distances between them are defined. When implementing the disclosed solution, the distances between the rock bolt positions are equal and the rock bolting pattern has a regular form.

[0062] Bolting can implement a roof bolting method, in which the roof surface 10 of a mine gallery 11 or roadway is bolted. The disclosed bolting arrangement is particularly suitable for bolting the roof of low-profile roadways. Mines that implement room and pillar mining methods are an example of low-profile mine roadways where the disclosed bolting arrangement can be implemented. In low-profile roadways, a large number of rock bolt locations are defined in the bolting plan and, typically, the roof surface is relatively flat. The disclosed solution can also be applied to any other mine where the roof is flat and the bolts are installed vertically.

[0063] exist Figures 1 to 23 In the present invention, roof bolting is presented, but the disclosed bolting head and operating principle can also be used to strengthen the wall surface of a mine tunnel or any other rock surface by providing a large number of rock bolts with parallel orientation to the mine tunnel.

[0064] Figure 2 An example of a regularly shaped rock bolt pattern 12 is disclosed, which comprises several rock bolt positions 9 arranged in rows 13 and columns 14. The rock bolt positions 9 are arranged equidistant from one another and they form a kind of grid of rock bolt positions. The number of rows 13 and columns 14 depends, for example, on the size of the surface to be reinforced. Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, the bolting pattern 12 includes rock bolt locations 9 that can be reached by the bolting unit 4 without moving the carrier 2 of the bolter 1. The bolting unit 4 is mounted to the boom 3 and can rotate relative to the boom 3 about a swivel joint 15. The boom 3 can be moved relative to the carrier 2 via one or more joints 16, and the length of the boom 3 is adjustable. Thus, the boom 3 can provide a variety of positioning movements of the bolting head. The bolting head 4 includes a drilling unit 5, a bolting unit 7, and a bolt magazine 17, which are mounted in a parallel configuration to the frame 18 of the bolting head 4. When the bolting head 4 is positioned according to the bolting pattern 12 and the bolting head 7 is aligned with the already drilled borehole, simultaneous drilling and bolt feeding can be initiated. No positioning movement or indexing is required; instead, two simultaneously operating bolting procedures can be performed while the boom 3 and the frame 18 are stationary. The bolting head 7 or bolt magazine 17 may comprise a manipulator, a manipulator arm or a mechanism for moving the rock bolt from the bolt magazine 17 to the bolting unit 7 .

[0065] Figure 3 A rock bolting head 4 is disclosed wherein a drilling unit 5 and a rock bolting unit 7 are mounted on a frame 18 of the rock bolting unit 4 in a parallel orientation relative to each other and at a predetermined lateral distance D from each other. The distance D is set to correspond to the distance between adjacent rock bolt positions of a rock bolting pattern. Figure 4It is shown that when another bolting pattern with a different rock bolting distance is to be carried out, the distance D can be adjusted. During the actual bolting procedure, the relative lateral positions of the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are locked and no adjustment movements are carried out. Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the embodiment, the bolting unit 7 is adjusted in the transverse direction, but alternatively, the drilling unit 5 or both can be adjusted. A further possibility is that there is no adjustment feature, but instead the relative position between the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 is fixed.

[0066] Figure 3 and Figure 4 It is further disclosed that the frame 18 may be a bracket 19 comprising a fastening surface 27, on which the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are mounted side by side at a transverse distance D from each other. The bracket 19 is an elongated object having a transverse orientation with respect to the parallel longitudinal axes of the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7. The bracket 19 is connected to a swivel joint 15, by means of which the bolting head 4 can be rotated T relative to the boom of the bolter.

[0067] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 and Figure 4 , an axonometric perspective view of a rock bolt head 4 is shown in FIG. The drilling unit 5 comprises a drilling feed beam 20 and a rock drill 21 movably arranged on the drilling feed beam 20. The rock drill 21 typically includes an impact device for providing impact pulses to a drilling tool 22, and a rotation device for rotating the drilling tool 22 about the drilling axis. The rock bolting unit 7 comprises a rock bolt feed beam 23 and a rock bolt feed device 24 movably arranged on the rock bolt feed beam 23. The rock bolt feed device 24 is capable of inserting a rock bolt 8 into a drilled borehole and may also include a tensioning device for providing pre-tensioning to the rock bolt after insertion into the borehole. The tensioning device may include a rotation device for tightening a tensioning nut 25 of the rock bolt 8.

[0068] Figures 6 to 9 Public Figures 3 to 5 The operation of the bolting head 4 is shown in FIG.

[0069] exist Figure 6 In the illustrated position, the bolting head 4 is positioned so that a first borehole can be drilled into the rock bolt position located at the first row 13a and first column 14a of the bolting pattern 12. The bolting head 4 can be rotated relative to the swivel 15 to avoid possible collisions with the wall structure or other obstacles. In the illustrated position, the drilling unit 5 drills the initial first borehole while the bolting unit 7 is not yet operated. When the drilling is completed, the bolting head 4 is repositioned to the desired position by moving the boom 3 and the swivel 15. Figure 7The next operating position is shown. In this position, the drilling unit 5 can drill a second borehole in the first row 13a, and the bolting unit 7 can be aligned with the initially drilled first borehole and insert and pre-tension the first bolt. Simultaneous operation of the drilling unit 5 and bolting unit 7 is implemented to improve the bolting cycle. It is also conceivable that the bolting unit 4 is aligned with the first row 13a, with its drilling unit 5 and bolting unit 7 located in different columns 14a, 14b.

[0070] When the anchor measures are Figure 7 When the illustrated position is complete, the bolting head 4 can be moved further to the subsequent operating position. These positional movements can be relatively simple, as they occur aligned with the first row 13a. The bolting machine's control unit can control the execution of these positioning movements. When positioning is complete, the drilling unit 5 can then drill a new borehole, and the bolting unit 7 can perform bolting operations on the previously drilled borehole.

[0071] Figure 8 It is shown how the same process of operation continues along the first row 13a. When the first row 13a is completed, the second row 13b can then be operated in a similar manner.

[0072] However, the disclosed bolting head 4 can be implemented in an alternative manner and bolting can be performed along columns 14 instead of rows 13. When operating along a column 14, the bolting head 4 can be rotated about the swivel joint 15 so that the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are aligned with the column 14. The bolting head 4 is then positioned stepwise along this column and when this column is completed, the bolting head is then positioned to the adjacent column and bolting measures are again performed at each rock bolt location. Figure 9 This is shown in a simplified manner by arrows 26a-26g.

[0073] Figure 10 The bolting head 4 is disclosed, which comprises two drilling units 5a, 5b and two bolting units 7a, 7b. The bolting head 4 then has a total of four operating units for simultaneously performing bolting measures. The basic structure of the bolting head 4, the drilling units 5a, 5b and the bolting units 7a, 7b can correspond to the bolting head solutions disclosed in the previous figures. However, Figure 10The structure disclosed in [ 1 ] differs in that the bracket 19, which serves as the frame 18 for the bolting head 4, has two opposing sides, which now serve as fastening surfaces 27a, 27b, on which the drilling units 5a, 5b and bolting units 7a, 7b are mounted. The two drilling units 5a, 5b are arranged on opposite sides of the bracket 19 and face away from each other. The same applies to the two bolting units 7a, 7b, which are arranged on opposite sides of the bracket 19 and face away from each other. Furthermore, in this alternative structure, a swivel joint 15 is located at one end of the elongated bracket 19, allowing the bolting head 4 to be rotated T relative to the boom to a desired orientation. Bolt magazines 17a, 17b may also be mounted to the opposing fastening sides 27a, 27b. The distance D between the drilling unit and the bolting unit can be fixed or adjustable depending on the distance between the rock bolt locations.

[0074] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The bolting head 4 is shown in an axonometric perspective view. It can be noted that the drilling units 5a, 5b and the bolting units 7a, 7b are substantially similar to Figure 5 Therefore, there is no need to disclose its structure in detail.

[0075] Figure 12 and Figure 13 Shown in the previous Figure 10 and Figure 11 The rock bolting head 4 disclosed in the specification can operate four rock bolting positions 9 at a time. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The rock bolt positions on the first row 13a are shown as having been drilled by the two drilling units 5a, 5b. Figure 12 The operating position shown is shown, and two more boreholes can be drilled on the second row 13b and rock bolts can be inserted into the already drilled holes on the first row 13a at the same time. When the drilling and bolt insertion are completed, the bolt head 4 is further positioned to Figure 13 In the new operating position, the bolting head 4 again covers the two already drilled holes on the first row 13a and the two rock bolt positions that have not yet been drilled on the second row 13b. Figure 12 and Figure 13 In the embodiment, the anchoring head 4 is positioned in the row direction RD, but can also be moved in the column direction CD. Figure 13 It is also shown that the four rock bolt positions of the bolting pattern 12 may be considered to form a square 28 , and each of such squares 28 may represent an operational position of the bolting head 4 .

[0076] Figure 14Disclosed is a bolting head 4 comprising an anchoring element 29 that can be supported against a rock surface. The frame 18 of the bolting head 4 can be rotated T relative to the anchoring element 29. The anchoring element 29 can protrude in the longitudinal direction of the bolting head 4 so that when the bolting head is positioned at the anchoring point, the anchoring element 29 first contacts the rock surface. There is a rotary joint 30 between the anchoring element 29 and the frame 18. A rotary actuator (not visible) is provided for rotating the frame 18, the drilling unit 5 mounted to the frame and the bolting unit 7 at the anchoring point. The anchoring element 29, the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are arranged so that they form a triangular configuration, which is indicated by the triangle 31. The drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 are at a predetermined distance from each other. Further, the distance between the drilling unit 5 and the anchoring element 29 is equal to the distance between the bolting unit 7 and the anchoring element 29. In Figure 14 In the embodiment, the angle between the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 is fixed, but alternatively it may be adjustable so that the distance between the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 can be shortened or lengthened, thereby allowing one and the same bolting head to be used for bolting patterns with different rock bolt distances.

[0077] Between the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 there is a bolt magazine 17 which may be of any type.

[0078] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The bolting head 4 is shown in an axonometric perspective. It can be seen that the drilling unit 5 and the bolting unit 7 can be basically similar to the previously proposed solutions. Therefore, there is no need to disclose their structure in detail.

[0079] Figures 16 to 23 Public Figure 14 and Figure 15 The operation of the bolting head 4 is disclosed in .

[0080] exist Figure 16 In the present embodiment, the bolting process is initiated by positioning the bolting head 4 at the first auxiliary point 32a and drilling the first borehole therein using the drilling unit 5 on the first row 13a. Thus, the anchoring element 29 anchors the bolting head 4 to the first auxiliary point 32a while the initial borehole is being drilled. During this preparatory phase, the bolting unit 7 is not in operation.

[0081] exist Figure 17 , the bolting head 4 is positioned so that the anchoring element 29 is located at a first anchoring point 33a, which is located at the intersection of the diagonals 34 of a first square pattern 35a defined by the four rock bolt positions 9. The drilling unit 5 drills a first borehole on the second row 13b and the bolting unit 7 inserts a rock bolt into the drilled initial borehole on the first row 13a.

[0082] exist Figure 18 In this process, the bolting head 4 is rotated about the anchoring element 29 and a second borehole is drilled in the second row 13b while the rock bolt is inserted into the already drilled first hole in the second row 13b.

[0083] exist Figure 19 In the embodiment, the bolting head 4 is further rotated clockwise, whereby a second borehole can be drilled on the first row 13a and bolting can be performed on a second borehole on the second row 13b.

[0084] exist Figure 20 In the embodiment of the present invention, the anchoring element 29 of the bolting head 4 is positioned to the second auxiliary point 32b so that the bolting head 7 can insert the rock bolt into the last borehole of the first square pattern 35a. In this position, the drilling unit 5 can drill the first borehole for the second square pattern 35b.

[0085] exist Figure 21 In the embodiment of the present invention, the rock bolting unit 4 is positioned at the second anchoring point 33b, which is located at the intersection of the diagonals of the second square pattern 35b. The rock bolt can then be inserted into the first borehole of the second pattern 35b, and subsequent boreholes can be drilled to the third rock bolt position on the second row 13b. Figure 22 and Figure 23 As can be seen in FIG, the bolting process of the second square pattern 35b continues in a similar manner to that of the first square pattern 35a. When the drilling of the new borehole is completed and the bolt is inserted into the previously drilled borehole, the bolting head is rotated around the anchoring element 29 so that all rock bolt positions 9 of the second square pattern 35b are processed. Figure 23 In the embodiment of the present invention, it is disclosed that a third auxiliary anchoring point 32c is required to anchor the last drill hole of the second square pattern 35b and to drill the first drill hole for the subsequent third square pattern 35c. The third anchoring point 33c is implemented for positioning the anchoring head 4 so that the drill hole positions 9 of the third square pattern can be processed.

[0086] The movement of the bolting head from one hole to another at the anchor point 33 can be automated. Because the movement is a rotational movement about the anchor point 33, very precise positioning of the bolting head is easily achieved. This makes it easier to align the rock bolt from the bolting unit with the previously drilled hole. Alternatively, if the movement is not automated, auxiliary components can be added to help the operator position the bolting head in the correct position, and in particular, to position the bolting unit in front of the previously drilled hole by the drilling unit. These components can be lasers, cameras, probes, or any other device.

[0087] Figure 24Another possibility of implementing the above disclosed rock bolting head with anchoring elements and a square pattern covering four rock bolt locations 9 is shown. Figure 24 The solution shown implements overlapping square patterns 35 and 36. Then, in addition to the anchor point 33 for the square pattern 36, there is an additional anchor point 37 for the square pattern 36. Another way to think about this is that, unlike the previous Figures 16 to 23 The bolting head 4 is further positioned in a shortened step compared to the positioning steps presented in FIG. Then, only the first auxiliary point 32 is required at the beginning of the bolting process.

[0088] The drawings and the related description are intended only to illustrate the idea of the invention. The invention may vary in its details within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An anchor head (4) for providing a reinforced rock anchor (8) to a rock surface. in, The anchor bolt head (4) comprises: a frame (18) for supporting the bolting head (4) and capable of being mounted on a boom (3) of a bolting machine (1); at least one drilling unit (5) for drilling a borehole (6) and comprising a drilling feed beam (20) and a rock drill (21), the rock drill (21) being movable on the drilling feed beam (20); at least one rock bolting unit (7), comprising a rock bolting feed beam (23) and a rock bolt feeding device (24), the rock bolt feeding device (24) being used to insert the rock bolt (8) into the borehole (6) and being movable on the rock bolting feed beam (23); It is characterized by The drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) are mounted to the frame (18) in a parallel orientation relative to each other and at a predetermined lateral distance (D) from each other; And wherein the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) can be operated simultaneously without moving the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) relative to the frame (18), thereby allowing simultaneous drilling of the bolting head (4) and bolt feeding.

2. The anchor head according to claim 1, characterized in that The lateral distance (D) between the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) is set according to the bolting distance of the rock bolt to be installed.

3. The anchor head according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The relative positions among the frame (18), the drilling unit (5) and the anchoring unit (7) are fixed.

4. Anchoring head according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The frame (18) of the bolting head (4) is a bracket (19) on which the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) are mounted, and wherein the bracket (19) is an elongated object having a transverse orientation with respect to the parallel longitudinal axes of the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7).

5. Anchoring head according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The bolting head (4) comprises two drilling units (5a, 5b) and two bolting units (7a, 7b), and the two drilling units (5a, 5b) and the two bolting units (7a, 7b) can operate simultaneously.

6. Anchoring head according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The bolting head (4) comprises an anchoring element (29) capable of bearing against the rock surface, and wherein the frame (18) is configured to be rotatable (T) relative to the anchoring element (29).

7. An anchor bolting machine (1), comprising: Movable vehicles (2); at least one boom (3), the at least one boom being mounted on the carrier (2); An anchor rod head (4), the anchor rod head being mounted on the boom (3); A control unit (CU), the control unit being used to control the operation of the anchor bolting machine (1); It is characterized by The anchoring head (4) is an anchoring head according to the preceding claims 1 to 6; And wherein the control unit (CU) is configured to provide control commands to at least one drilling unit (5) and at least one bolting unit (7) of the bolting head (4) mounted to a boom (3) for performing a bolting work cycle including simultaneous drilling and bolting.

8. A method of strengthening a rock surface by means of rock bolts; in, The method comprises: Reinforcement measures are performed by means of a bolting machine (1), said bolting machine comprising a bolting head (4) which is mounted to a boom (3); Drilling a borehole (6) into the rock surface to be reinforced by means of a drilling unit (5) of the bolting head (4); and installing the rock bolt (8) into the drill hole (6) by means of the bolting unit (7) of the bolting head (4); It is characterized by including A simultaneous drilling and bolting procedure is performed with the aid of the bolting head (4), wherein the rock bolt (8) is installed in at least one previously drilled borehole (6) and at least one new borehole (6) is drilled simultaneously.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that include During the drilling and bolting procedures, the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) are kept at a predetermined lateral distance (D) from each other and their parallel orientation is maintained.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that include Providing the rock bolt (8) to a pre-planned rock bolt location (9); At least two rock bolt positions (9) are covered at one time and the bolt head (4) is positioned at the rock bolt position (9) at one time.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 or 10, characterized in that include The reinforcement measures are performed according to a bolting plan (12) with regular relative positions and distances (D) between several rock bolt positions (9) defined in the bolting plan (12).

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 11, characterized in that include The reinforcement measures are performed on a roof surface (10) of an underground mine gallery (11).

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, characterized in that include The bolting heads (4) are positioned along a linear movement path in rows (13) or columns (14).

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, characterized in that include Using an anchoring head (4) provided with an anchoring element (29), said anchoring element (29) forming a triangular configuration together with said drilling unit (5) and said anchoring unit (7); supporting the anchor element (29) against the rock surface at an anchoring location (33); performing square bolting for a rock bolt pattern in the shape of a square (35) defined by four rock bolt locations (9); Furthermore, the positioning movement of the bolting head (4) is performed by simultaneously rotating the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) relative to the anchoring element (29) to position the drilling unit (5) and the bolting unit (7) to the rock bolt positions (9) of the square pattern (35).

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