Large-explosive-quantity deep hole blasting method under complex environmental conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-explosive-quantity deep hole blasting method under a complex environment condition. The large-explosive-quantity deep hole blasting method comprises the steps that S1, the minimum resistance line direction in blasting is determined; s2, a step working face is created, an ordered blasting operation platform is formed, and blasting parameters are selected; s3, the explosive loading amount of each blast hole is determined according to the minimum resistance line and blasting parameter design; and S4, according to the allowable maximum single-section explosive quantity, a millisecond delay blasting network is designed, and after charging arrangement, a special detonating controller is used for detonating. The damage to the surrounding environment is reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a large-charge deep-hole blasting method under complex environmental conditions. Background Art

[0002] Blasting vibration is the most common blasting hazard. Blasting problems are frequently encountered in construction projects such as transportation, mining, and water conservancy projects. Under complex environmental conditions, when blasting vibration reaches a certain intensity, it can cause damage to surrounding buildings or facilities. Therefore, blasting vibration control is essential. However, the magnitude of blasting vibration is influenced by numerous factors. Identifying the most significant influencing factors and actively controlling them to reduce blasting vibration intensity is the key to achieving active control of blasting vibration hazards. In recent years, numerous researchers both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive and in-depth research on this issue, proposing several technical measures to reduce blasting vibration. However, these methods primarily fall within the realm of passive defense (e.g., damping trenches). For a long time, the Sadovsky empirical formula has been widely used in the Chinese blasting community to predict the propagation pattern of blasting vibration velocity. However, because the Sadovsky empirical formula fails to reflect the influence of factors such as explosive type, charge structure, and drilling conditions on particle vibration velocity, the calculated magnitude of blasting vibration intensity can be subject to significant errors. To accurately determine the propagation pattern of blasting vibration, blasting vibration monitoring is generally required.

[0003] To speed up construction, deep-hole blasting is typically used for mountain blasting. The total charge and charge per hole are controlled according to environmental conditions. The closest existing blasting technology is deep-hole bench blasting, which employs essentially the same method, differing primarily in the control of the total charge and the blasting environment.

[0004] The main drawbacks of existing technologies include low total blasting charges, frequent blasting, low efficiency, and prolonged impacts on surrounding units and residents. Furthermore, the blasting network is relatively simple, with a small number of detonators, making it unsuitable for complex, high-charge, deep-hole blasting and accelerating construction schedules.

[0005] Therefore, a method for large-charge deep-hole blasting under complex environmental conditions is provided. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a large-charge deep hole blasting method under complex environmental conditions, thereby reducing harm to the surrounding environment and accelerating construction progress.

[0007] The technical solution to achieve the above purpose is:

[0008] A method for high-charge deep-hole blasting under complex environmental conditions, comprising:

[0009] Step S1, determining the direction of the minimum resistance line in blasting;

[0010] Step S2: creating a stepped working surface, forming an orderly blasting operation platform, and selecting blasting parameters;

[0011] Step S3, determining the charge amount of each blasthole according to the minimum resistance line and blasting parameter design;

[0012] Step S4: Design a millisecond delay blasting network based on the maximum allowable single-stage charge amount. After the charge is arranged, detonate using a dedicated detonation controller.

[0013] Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes the following parameters:

[0014] Step height H, standard step height is 5.0~22m;

[0015] Drill hole diameter, i.e. blast hole diameter D;

[0016] Chassis resistance line W1, related to the diameter of the blasthole, W1 = (25 ~ 40) D;

[0017] The blasthole overdepth h is 1.0 to 2.0 m;

[0018] The drilling inclination angle, i.e. the blasthole inclination angle α, ranges from 75° to 90°;

[0019] Hole depth L: L = H + h;

[0020] Explosive unit consumption q;

[0021] Blasting area S undertaken by a single hole:

[0022] S=(L-L2)q' / q(Lh)sinα;

[0023] Where L2 is the blocking length, q ' is the charge density;

[0024] Blast hole arrangement and hole spacing a, row spacing b:

[0025] Use vertical drilling, square or rectangular hole layout, design hole grid parameters (a×b) 4.0m~(2.5×4.0)m, and add one row of reinforced blastholes every 5 rows. The reinforced holes are drilled between two rows of main blastholes.

[0026] Blockage length L2: L2 = (1-1.5) W1, or greater than 1 / 3 of the blasthole overdepth h;

[0027] Single-hole charge Q: The single-hole charge of the first row of holes is calculated as Q=qaW1H, and the single-hole charge of subsequent rows of holes is calculated as Q=qabH.

[0028] Preferably, in step S2, Sadovsky's empirical formula is used to predict the propagation law of blasting vibration velocity:

[0029] v=k(Q 1 / 3 / R)γ;

[0030] Where v is the peak vibration velocity of the particle, R is the straight-line distance between the explosion center and the measuring point, k and γ are the coefficient and attenuation index related to the terrain and geological conditions between the blasting point and the protected object, respectively.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3, the charge amount of each blasthole is determined based on the minimum resistance line and the hole network parameter design, that is:

[0032] If the blasthole depth h is 5 to 10 m, continuous charging is used, with two detonators per hole, and loess or fine sand is used for blocking, with the blockage reaching 3.5 to 4.5 m.

[0033] If the blasthole depth h is 10-17m, the charge length is 5-13m, and some blastholes are charged at intervals of 2m, with the interval position 7-11m from the hole mouth. Air intervals are used, with two detonators per hole, and loess or fine sand is used for blocking, with the blockage length of 6-10m.

[0034] If the blasthole depth h is 17 to 28 m, the charging length is 13 to 22 m. Some blastholes are charged at intervals of 2 m. The interval position is 7 to 11 m away from the hole mouth. Air intervals are used, and 3 detonators are used in each hole. The holes are blocked with loess or fine sand for 6 to 17 m.

[0035] Preferably, in step S4, before charging, a special instrument should be used to detect the electronic detonators, and they should be registered and numbered. The sub-networks should be connected according to the instructions. The number of detonators should be less than the number specified in the sub-initiators. After the sub-networks are connected, special equipment should be used for detection. All sub-networks should be connected to the main network according to the instructions, and special equipment should be used to detect the main network.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention studies deep hole and large charge blasting technology in combination with actual projects, analyzes its mechanism and initiation network, monitors blasting vibration, analyzes the spectrum characteristics of blasting seismic waves, and then arranges and detonates the charges, thereby reducing the harm to the surrounding environment and accelerating the construction progress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for high-charge deep-hole blasting under complex environmental conditions according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a parameter diagram of the deep hole blasting step of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dense hole charging structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the 5-10m blasthole charging structure in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the 10-17m blasthole charging structure in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 17-28m blasthole charging structure in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the hole-by-hole initiation network of industrial electronic detonators in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for high-charge deep hole blasting under complex environmental conditions includes:

[0047] Step S1, determining the direction of the minimum resistance line in blasting.

[0048] In the embodiment, during blasting, the blasting vibration intensity is generally lowest in the direction of the line of least resistance, highest in the opposite direction, and centered laterally. However, the line of least resistance is also the primary projectile direction. To avoid flying rock hazards, the protected objects are positioned on both sides of the line of least resistance. The line of least resistance should be oriented in a direction that provides a safe environment and favorable construction conditions.

[0049] Step S2: Create a stepped working surface, form an orderly blasting operation platform, and select blasting parameters.

[0050] The generation of blasting seismic waves is influenced by numerous factors, including explosive charge, distance from the detonation center, elevation difference, detonation scheme, blasting parameters (hole spacing, hole depth, hole diameter, and charging method), and so on. To identify the most significant factors, it is necessary to assess the degree of influence each factor has on the results. Analysis reveals that total charge, maximum segment charge, number of segments, detonation center distance, elevation difference, and uncoupled charge are the most significant influencing factors. The order of influence on the peak value and dominant frequency of blasting seismic waves is as follows: maximum single segment charge, detonation center distance, elevation difference, number of segments, and total charge. The maximum segment charge, elevation difference, and detonation center distance play the most significant roles.

[0051] The factors that affect the duration of blasting seismic waves are: number of segments, total charge, distance, maximum charge, and height difference. Among them, the number of segments and total charge play a major role. The factors that affect the propagation of blasting seismic waves are mainly divided into three parts: (1) the influence on the generation of blasting seismic waves (the condition of the explosive structure itself); (2) the influence on the propagation of blasting seismic waves in the medium (the influence on the earth system); (3) the influence on the propagation of blasting seismic waves to the response position (the response of the building structure itself to the seismic wave).

[0052] In the embodiment, Figure 2 , as shown in Table 1, specifically including the following parameters:

[0053] Step height H, standard step height is 5.0~22m; it can be adjusted appropriately.

[0054] The drill hole diameter, or blasthole diameter D, is directly related to construction progress, blasting costs, and the particle size of the blasted rocks. It is also closely linked to the harmful effects of blasting. Generally speaking, a larger hole diameter and a greater blasting volume per meter lower the blasting cost, but this also increases the difficulty in controlling the harmful effects of blasting. The opposite is true. It should be noted that a too small hole diameter is detrimental to the blasting effectiveness of high-charge, multi-row holes. Therefore, the hole diameter should not be too small. A typical drill hole diameter is D = 115 mm.

[0055] The chassis resistance line W1 is related to the diameter of the blasthole, W1 = (25 ~ 40) D; this embodiment uses a 115mm blasthole, and the chassis resistance line is 3.5 ~ 4.5m.

[0056] The blasthole excess depth is h, and the blasthole excess depth is 1.0 to 2.0 m.

[0057] The drilling inclination angle, that is, the blasthole inclination angle α, ranges from 75° to 90°; this embodiment mainly adopts vertical drilling.

[0058] Hole depth L: L = H + h; in this embodiment, the hole depth is preferably 6 to 23 m.

[0059] Explosive unit consumption q;

[0060] The distance B from the eyebrow line on the step to the front row of holes;

[0061] Blasting area S undertaken by a single hole:

[0062] S=(L-L2)q' / q(Lh)sinα;

[0063] Where L2 is the blocking length, q ' is the charge density;

[0064] Blast hole arrangement and hole spacing a, row spacing b:

[0065] Use vertical drilling, square or rectangular hole arrangement. Based on the experience of similar projects, it should be taken into account that the millisecond delay blasting of large-volume deep holes and the large-scale blasting should be carried out. Under the premise of ensuring that the blasting area undertaken by a single hole remains basically unchanged, the hole spacing should be kept as unchanged as possible. Therefore, the hole network parameters (a×b) are designed to be 4.0m~(2.5×4.0)m. For large-volume deep hole millisecond delay blasting, due to too many rows, the rear row of holes will be over-extruded and the blasting effect will be affected. Therefore, the design requires that one row of encrypted blast holes be added every five rows. The encrypted holes are to drill another row of blast holes between two rows of main blast holes. Figure 3 As shown;

[0066] Blockage length L2: L2 = (1-1.5) W1, or greater than 1 / 3 of the blasthole overdepth h;

[0067] Single-hole charge Q: The single-hole charge of the first row of holes is calculated as Q=qaW1H, and the single-hole charge of subsequent rows of holes is calculated as Q=qabH.

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Table 1

[0071] In the embodiment, Sadovsky's empirical formula is used to predict the propagation law of blasting vibration velocity:

[0072] v=k(Q 1 / 3 / R)γ;

[0073] Where v is the peak vibration velocity of the particle, R is the straight-line distance between the explosion center and the measuring point, k and γ are the coefficient and attenuation index related to the terrain and geological conditions between the blasting point and the protected object, respectively.

[0074] Step S3, determining the charge amount for each blasthole based on the minimum resistance line and blasting parameters.

[0075] In the embodiment, the unit charge quantity is strictly controlled to ensure not only a reasonable actual unit consumption of blasting but also an appropriate blasting volume for each charge pack. The charge quantity for each blasthole is determined based on the minimum resistance line and the hole pattern parameters. If the blasthole depth is 5 to 26.3 meters, and the verified harmful effects of blasting exceed the set safety allowable standard, the hole is charged and detonated in stages, and the hole mouth is densely blocked with blasting mud or rock dust.

[0076] Right now:

[0077] If the blasthole depth h is 5 to 10 m, continuous charging is used, with two detonators per hole, and loess or fine sand is blocked, and the blockage is 3.5 to 4.5 m. Figure 4 As shown;

[0078] If the blasthole depth h is 10-17m, the charge length is 5-13m, some blastholes are spaced 2m apart, and the interval position is 7-11m away from the hole mouth. Air interval is used, and two detonators are used in each hole. Loess or fine sand is blocked, and the blockage is 6-10m. Figure 5 As shown;

[0079] If the blasthole depth h is 17-28m, the charge length is 13-22m, and some blastholes are charged at intervals of 2m, with the interval position 7-11m away from the hole mouth. Use air intervals, 3 detonators per hole, and block with loess or fine sand, blocking 6-17m. Figure 6 shown.

[0080] Step S4, based on the maximum allowable single-stage charge, design the millisecond delay blasting network. After the charge is arranged, use a dedicated detonation controller to detonate. Using millisecond delay blasting can not only effectively reduce blasting vibration, expand the scale of a blasting, reduce the number of blasting times, but also improve the blasting effect.

[0081] In this embodiment, the electronic detonator network connection is operated by experienced blasters and blasting engineering technicians. Detonation should be performed using dedicated initiators, which should be thoroughly inspected before use. Before charging, electronic detonators should be inspected using dedicated instruments, registered, and numbered. Subnetworks should be connected according to the instructions. The number of detonators should be less than the number specified for sub-initiators. After the subnetworks are connected, they should be inspected using dedicated equipment. All subnetworks should be connected to the main network according to the instructions, and the main network should be inspected using dedicated equipment.

[0082] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an industrial electronic detonator initiation network. The delay between holes is 25ms, and between rows is 65ms. A reasonable delay time can be set based on actual construction needs. One to three detonators can be loaded into a hole, and dedicated wires are used to connect the holes to the network in parallel. Finally, a dedicated detonation controller is used for initiation. Specific embodiment:

[0084] The project is located in Qushan Town, Daishan County, across the water from Qushan Island. It sits on an isolated island, facing a complex environment near the blasting area. Within 170 meters of the blasting area are brick-concrete staff dormitories, 185 meters away are the company's main power system control room and other power facilities. 258 meters from the blasting area is the company's six-story frame office building. 184 meters from the blasting area is the No. 3 substation. Strict control is required to prevent blasting vibration and flying rocks from seriously impacting these areas.

[0085] The mountain's blasting volume is 880,000 cubic meters, primarily composed of granite and some sedimentary rock. The mountain's overall topography resembles a steamed bun, with a high center and low surroundings. The operating area is the +58 platform, with a blasting elevation difference of 5 to 27.8 meters. The vertical elevation difference in the blasting area is 50 meters from the measuring point, and the drill hole diameter is 115 mm.

[0086] Two blasting operations have been carried out, totaling 500,000 cubic meters. The explosives used in each blast were 68 and 89 tons, respectively. The number of staged detonation groups was 919 and 1,238, respectively. The number of detonators consumed was 2,004 and 2,776, respectively. The maximum charge per hole was 180 kg. The blasting was effective, with no adverse impact on the surrounding environment.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for deep hole blasting with large charge under complex environmental conditions, characterized in that: include: Step S1, determining the direction of the minimum resistance line in blasting; Step S2: creating a stepped working surface, forming an orderly blasting operation platform, and selecting blasting parameters; Step S3, determining the charge amount of each blasthole according to the minimum resistance line and blasting parameter design; Step S4: Design a millisecond delay blasting network based on the maximum allowable single-stage charge amount. After the charge is arranged, detonate using a dedicated detonation controller.

2. The method for high-charge deep hole blasting under complex environmental conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes the following parameters: Step height H, standard step height is 5.0~22m; Drill hole diameter, i.e. blast hole diameter D; Chassis resistance line W1, related to the diameter of the blasthole, W1 = (25 ~ 40) D; The blasthole overdepth h is 1.0 to 2.0 m; The drilling inclination angle, i.e. the blasthole inclination angle α, ranges from 75° to 90°; Hole depth L: L = H + h; Explosive unit consumption q; The blasting area S undertaken by a single hole: S=(L-L2)q' / q(Lh)sinα; Where L2 is the plugging length, q' is the line charge density; Blast hole arrangement and hole spacing a, row spacing b: Use vertical drilling, square or rectangular hole layout, design hole grid parameters (a×b) 4.0m~(2.5×4.0)m, and add one row of reinforced blastholes every 5 rows. The reinforced holes are drilled between two rows of main blastholes. Blockage length L2: L2 = (1-1.5) W1, or greater than 1 / 3 of the blasthole overdepth h; Single-hole charge Q: The single-hole charge of the first row of holes is calculated as Q=qaW1H, and the single-hole charge of subsequent rows of holes is calculated as Q=qabH.

3. The method for high-charge deep hole blasting under complex environmental conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, Sadovsky's empirical formula is used to predict the propagation law of blasting vibration velocity: v=k(Q 1 / 3 / R)γ; Where v is the peak vibration velocity of the particle, R is the straight-line distance between the explosion center and the measuring point, k and γ are the coefficient and attenuation index related to the terrain and geological conditions between the blasting point and the protected object, respectively.

4. The method for high-charge deep hole blasting under complex environmental conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the charge amount of each blasthole is determined based on the minimum resistance line and the hole network parameter design, that is: If the blasthole depth h is 5 to 10 m, continuous charging is used, with two detonators per hole, and loess or fine sand is used for blocking, with the blockage reaching 3.5 to 4.5 m. If the blasthole depth h is 10-17m, the charge length is 5-13m, and some blastholes are charged at intervals of 2m, with the interval position 7-11m from the hole mouth. Air intervals are used, with two detonators per hole, and loess or fine sand is used for blocking, with the blockage length of 6-10m. If the blasthole depth h is 17 to 28 m, the charging length is 13 to 22 m. Some blastholes are charged at intervals of 2 m. The interval position is 7 to 11 m away from the hole mouth. Air intervals are used, and 3 detonators are used in each hole. The holes are blocked with loess or fine sand for 6 to 17 m.

5. The method for high-charge deep hole blasting under complex environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, before charging, the electronic detonators should be tested using a dedicated instrument, registered, and numbered. The sub-networks should be connected according to the instructions. The number of detonators should be less than the number specified for the sub-initiators. After the sub-networks are connected, they should be tested using dedicated equipment. All sub-networks should be connected to the main network according to the instructions, and the main network should be tested using dedicated equipment.

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