A detection system and a detection method for a smart sensor and a smart sensor

Abstract

The application provides a detection system, a detection method and a smart sensor for the smart sensor. The detection system comprises a multi-dimensional adjustment platform having a bearing surface corresponding to a mechanical reference surface of a to-be-detected smart sensor; a laser collimator arranged on the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, an optical path of the laser collimator being known to the angle of the bearing surface; a blackbody radiation source arranged separately from the multi-dimensional adjustment platform; and an oscilloscope for measuring a sensor output signal, wherein the multi-dimensional adjustment platform is capable of being displaced along a first axial direction and a second axial direction respectively and is capable of being rotated around a first axis and a second axis respectively, the first axial direction and the second axial direction being perpendicular to each other and being perpendicular to the optical path of the laser collimator respectively. The detection system is capable of directly measuring a plurality of technical indexes of the sensor, including at least one of a sensor visual axis, a field of view angle, a response rate, a noise equivalent temperature difference, an upper edge frequency and a lower edge frequency, thereby providing an efficient, reliable and consistent detection means for sensor incoming inspection, production and manufacturing and product delivery inspection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart sensors. More specifically, it relates to smart sensors, detection systems for smart sensors, and detection methods. Background Technology

[0002] Infrared sensors are the core components of infrared thermal sensing, and can be understood as single-pixel infrared imaging detectors, primarily used in temperature detection, target detection, and other fields. In temperature detection applications, infrared sensors, with their non-contact detection and strong environmental adaptability, are widely used in environmental monitoring, smart security, and environmental automation within the Internet of Things (IoT) field. In target detection applications, they mainly serve as the primary sensor for infrared terminal guidance, making the testing of the infrared terminal guidance seeker crucial. Currently, there is a lack of testing solutions tailored to the specific requirements of infrared sensors. Users need to perform tests on different parameters using various instruments, resulting in high testing costs, complex and inefficient operations, and low consistency and repeatability of test results. These problems with infrared sensor testing results hinder the intelligent application of infrared sensors as smart sensors in various fields such as IoT systems, intelligent systems, and precision guidance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a detection system for an infrared smart sensor that can directly measure key parameters such as the response rate, tangential angle, radial angle, tangential field of view, radial field of view, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband, so as to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides an intelligent sensor detection system, the detection system comprising:

[0006] A multi-dimensional adjustment platform with a bearing surface corresponding to the mechanical reference surface of the smart sensor under test;

[0007] The laser collimator is set on the multidimensional adjustment platform, and the angle between the optical path of the laser collimator and the bearing surface is known.

[0008] A blackbody radiation source separately positioned from the multidimensional adjustment platform; and

[0009] An oscilloscope used to measure the output signal of a sensor.

[0010] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is capable of displacement along a first axial direction and a second axial direction, and is also capable of rotation about a first axis and a second axis, respectively. The first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction, and the optical path of the laser collimator is perpendicular to both the first and second axial directions.

[0011] Preferably, the detection system further includes an aperture disposed between the multidimensional adjustment platform and the blackbody radiation source.

[0012] Preferably, the detection system further includes a chopper assembly located between the multidimensional adjustment platform and the blackbody radiation source.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a method for detecting a smart sensor, the method utilizing the detection system for smart sensors described above, and comprising the following steps:

[0014] The smart sensor under test is fixed on the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, with the mechanical reference surface of the sensor corresponding to the bearing surface;

[0015] Using the laser collimator, the initial position of the multidimensional adjustment platform is determined by adjusting the multidimensional adjustment platform;

[0016] Control the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to output infrared radiation;

[0017] Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, measure and record the sensor's output signal in response to the infrared radiation, and obtain the sensor's technical specifications based on the output signal. The technical specifications include at least one of the following: sensor line-of-sight angle, field of view angle, responsivity, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

[0018] Preferably, the step of the detection system detecting the sensor's line of sight includes:

[0019] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is adjusted to drive the sensor to rotate around the first axis from its initial position. The rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope is the first included angle.

[0020] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is adjusted to drive the sensor to rotate around the second axis from its initial position. The rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope is the second included angle.

[0021] The sensor's line of sight is determined based on the first included angle and the second included angle.

[0022] Preferably, the step of the detection system detecting the field of view angle of the sensor at a first predetermined ratio includes:

[0023] Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around the first axis, and record the two positions when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches the first predetermined ratio value of the maximum value. The rotation angle between them is the first field of view.

[0024] Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around the second axis, and record the two positions corresponding to the first predetermined ratio value when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches the maximum value. The rotation angle between them is the second field of view.

[0025] Preferably, the step of the detection system detecting the response rate includes:

[0026] Align the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface;

[0027] Set the chopper frequency, and the chopper is located on the optical path where the sensor's line of sight is located;

[0028] Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a first temperature T1, and read the first peak voltage V1 of the oscilloscope measurement signal;

[0029] Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the second temperature T2, and read the second peak voltage V2 of the oscilloscope measurement signal;

[0030] according to The response rate R of the sensor at this frequency within the temperature range T1-T2 is calculated, in mV / K.

[0031] Preferably, the step of the detection system detecting the sensor noise equivalent temperature difference includes:

[0032] Align the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface;

[0033] Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the third temperature T3, and read the first noise root mean square VRMS1 and the third peak voltage V3 of the oscilloscope measurement signal.

[0034] Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the fourth temperature T4, and read the second noise root mean square VRMS2 and the fourth peak voltage V4 of the oscilloscope measurement signal;

[0035] according to The noise equivalent temperature difference NETD of the sensor in the temperature range of T3-T4 was calculated, in mK.

[0036] Preferably, the step of the detection system detecting the upper and lower sidebands of the sensor at a second predetermined ratio includes:

[0037] Align the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface;

[0038] Adjust the chopper frequency; this chopper is located on the optical path along the sensor's line of sight.

[0039] The chopper frequency at which the peak value of the measured signal drops to the second predetermined ratio of the maximum value of the measured signal during the frequency reduction process is the upper sideband of the sensor.

[0040] Increase the chopper output frequency. The chopper frequency at which the peak value of the measured signal drops to the second predetermined ratio of the maximum value of the measured signal during the frequency increase process is the lower sideband of the sensor.

[0041] A third aspect of this application provides an intelligent sensor, wherein the technical indicators of the intelligent sensor are detected by the detection method described above, and the technical indicators include at least one of the following: sensor line of sight, field of view, response rate, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0043] This application provides a testing system for infrared smart sensors, capable of accurately detecting multiple technical indicators of infrared sensors, including responsivity, angle of view, field of view, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband, covering all aspects of infrared sensor performance evaluation and providing users with a comprehensive testing solution. The testing system and method of this application provide reliable testing means for infrared sensor incoming inspection, manufacturing, and outgoing product inspection, improving product consistency and reliability, thereby saving costs for enterprises and enhancing the competitiveness of infrared sensor products.

[0044] This application achieves high-precision detection of infrared sensor technical specifications by simultaneously setting up a laser collimator and the infrared sensor under test on a multi-dimensional adjustment platform. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform and laser collimator are used to precisely control the angle of the infrared sensor relative to the blackbody radiation source, and an oscilloscope is used to accurately measure the sensor's output signal. The test results are characterized by high repeatability, consistency, and reliability. Such high-precision and reliable measurement results are crucial for the accurate characterization of the technical specifications of infrared smart sensors and, consequently, for improving their adaptability to complex scenarios in practical applications.

[0045] The detection system for infrared intelligent sensors disclosed in this application integrates multiple detection functions into one unit, eliminating the need for users to measure different parameters on multiple instruments, greatly simplifying the detection process and improving operational convenience.

[0046] The detection system for infrared smart sensors disclosed in this application provides a bearing surface for the mechanical reference plane of the smart sensor under test on a multi-dimensional adjustment platform, and ensures that the optical path of the laser collimator has a known angular relationship with the bearing surface. This allows for convenient determination of the initial test position of the infrared sensor under test using the laser collimator, and accurate measurement of the sensor's angle-related technical specifications. Therefore, this application is flexibly applicable to infrared sensors of different types and specifications.

[0047] This application adopts an integrated testing system. The smart sensor under test can complete the testing of all technical indicators by installing it once on the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, which can significantly shorten the testing time and improve the testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates an intelligent detection system for an infrared sensor provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first and second axial directions in this embodiment is shown.

[0051] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the simulated target to be observed in this embodiment.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the chopper in this embodiment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To more clearly illustrate this application, the following description, in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, further clarifies the application. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] Terminology Definition

[0055] The mechanical reference surface of a sensor is a marked attribute of the infrared smart sensor under test (hereinafter referred to as the smart sensor under test or sensor). It refers to a specific plane of the sensor that has been precision-machined for positioning or installation. Its geometric accuracy (such as flatness and perpendicularity) meets the design requirements and is used to provide a physical reference for the sensor's line-of-sight positioning, ensuring that the detection direction is accurately aligned with the external environment (such as mounting brackets and equipment housings).

[0056] The sensor line of sight (also known as the sensor optical axis) is a marked attribute of the sensor. In this application, the angle of the sensor line of sight direction with respect to the mechanical reference plane is determined using the detection system and detection method provided in this application.

[0057] The initial position of the multidimensional adjustment platform is determined by adjusting the multidimensional adjustment platform, and the laser collimator detects the starting position of the angle between the smart sensor under test by the detection system based on the alignment marks.

[0058] In this application, the first axial direction is, for example, an appendix. Figure 2 The direction indicated by the X-axis, also known as the transverse direction, is rotated about the first axis, also known as rotated vertically or tangentially; the second axis is, for example, the lateral direction. Figure 2 The direction indicated by the Y-axis, also called the tangential direction, is the rotation about the second axis, also known as rotation in the horizontal direction or transverse rotation. (Appendix) Figure 2 The Z-axis is perpendicular to the plane formed by the X-axis and Y-axis.

[0059] In this application, the angle corresponding to the maximum value of the oscilloscope-measured signal (also called the tangential maximum value) when the multi-dimensional adjustment platform rotates from its initial position around the first axis is called the first angle (also called the tangential angle); the angle corresponding to the maximum value of the oscilloscope-measured signal (also called the lateral maximum value) when the multi-dimensional adjustment platform rotates from its initial position around the second axis is called the second angle (also called the lateral angle). The angle of the laser collimator about the bearing surface of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform is known. Based on the measured first and second angles, the angle of the sensor's line of sight about the mechanical reference plane can be determined, or the angle of the sensor's line of sight about the mechanical reference plane can be characterized by these first and second angles.

[0060] In this application, the angle between two positions corresponding to the oscilloscope measurement signal reaching a set ratio of the maximum tangential measurement signal when the multi-dimensional adjustment platform rotates around the first axis is called the first field of view (also known as the tangential field of view); the angle between two positions corresponding to the oscilloscope measurement signal reaching a set ratio of the maximum lateral measurement signal when the multi-dimensional adjustment platform rotates around the second axis is called the second field of view (also known as the lateral field of view). The field of view is less than 180°. The size of the field of view is related to the set ratio and is the angle range under the set ratio condition.

[0061] The smart sensor in this application can be a temperature sensor or imaging sensor used in the field of Internet of Things technology for temperature detection or target detection, or it can be a target detector that serves as the main sensor device for infrared terminal guidance.

[0062] The detection system and method provided in this application utilize a multi-dimensional adjustment platform with a bearing surface corresponding to the mechanical reference plane of the smart sensor under test. The angle of the output beam of the laser collimator on the multi-dimensional adjustment platform about the bearing surface is determined based on the design angle between the line of sight of the smart sensor under test and its mechanical reference plane. This ensures that when the smart sensor under test is mounted on the bearing surface of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, the output beam of the laser collimator is parallel to the design line of sight of the smart sensor under test. The laser collimator is used to determine the initial detection position of the sensor, providing consistency and repeatability for the detection of sensor technical indicators. It can accurately determine the sensor line of sight, reproducibly measure and accurately characterize various technical indicators of the sensor, thereby effectively improving the sensing accuracy of the sensor and expanding and enhancing the adaptability and range of infrared sensors as smart sensors in complex scenarios.

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, one embodiment of this application provides a detection system 100 for an infrared smart sensor, including: an optical stabilization platform 110; a multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120; the adjustment platform having a bearing surface 121 corresponding to the mechanical reference plane of the smart sensor 150 under test; a laser collimator 130 disposed on the platform, the angle between the optical path 131 of the laser collimator 130 and the bearing surface 121 being known, being the design angle between the line of sight of the smart sensor under test and its mechanical reference plane; a blackbody radiation source 140 disposed separately from the adjustment platform, the radiation source being able to output infrared radiation at a set temperature; and an oscilloscope 160 for measuring the sensor output signal. The smart sensor 150 under test is mounted with its mechanical reference plane about the bearing surface 121, so that the output beam of the laser collimator is parallel to the design position of the line of sight of the smart sensor under test. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 can be four-dimensional, five-dimensional, or six-dimensional, etc., and is not limited thereto. For example, as Figure 2 As shown, the adjustment platform 120 in this embodiment can be displaced along the X-axis and along the Y-axis, and can also rotate around the X-axis and around the Y-axis, respectively. The X-axis and Y-axis are perpendicular to each other and are also perpendicular to the optical path 131 of the laser collimator. It should be noted that... Figure 2 In the middle, the top of the bearing surface 121 is equipped with a smart sensor 150 to be tested. The mechanical reference surface of the sensor 150 is installed corresponding to the bearing surface 121 or is installed corresponding to the bearing surface 121 through the sensor tooling 151.

[0064] In one possible implementation, the detection system further includes a collimation fixture (not shown) for fixing the smart sensor under test. The laser collimator is configured such that the laser output path is parallel to the designed line of sight of the infrared sensor under test, which is fixed to the adjustment platform. By controlling the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to move the infrared sensor under test along a first direction, along a second direction, and rotate about a first axis or about a second axis, the line of sight of the infrared sensor under test is aligned with the blackbody radiation source in its initial position through the cooperation of the laser collimator and the collimation fixture. This scheme of using the laser collimator in conjunction with the collimation fixture to determine the initial position of the smart sensor under test provides a basis for consistent detection results in repeated measurements of the smart sensor under test, improving the accuracy and reliability of the detection. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform can move the smart sensor under test along different directions and rotate about different axes; this flexibility allows the detection system to adapt to infrared sensors of different shapes and sizes, making the detection system widely applicable.

[0065] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 3As shown, the detection system 100 also includes an aperture 170 disposed between the multidimensional adjustment platform 120 and the blackbody radiation source 140. The blackbody radiation source 140 and the aperture 170 are combined to simulate the observation target 190 of the smart sensor under test. By using the combination of the blackbody radiation source and the aperture to simulate the observation target 190, the target surface configuration of the blackbody radiation source can be more flexible, and various observation targets 190 with different characteristics can be simulated. This provides redundancy for subsequent upgrades to the detection system. For example, to simulate observation targets 190 of different sizes, only the size of the aperture 170 needs to be changed.

[0066] In one possible implementation, alignment marks are provided on the aperture. The laser beam of the laser collimator is aligned with the alignment marks by adjusting a multi-dimensional adjustment platform. At this point, the position of each dimension of the adjustment platform is the initial position for detecting the sensor's angle. The sensor angle is a technical indicator used to characterize the sensor's line of sight, and is an absolute angle. This application uses a laser collimator to determine the initial detection position, adjusts the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate the smart sensor under test, and observes and records the amplitude of the sensing signal presented on the oscilloscope. Based on the rotation angle when the sensor's sensing signal reaches its maximum value, the lateral and tangential angles of the sensor are obtained, thus representing the angle of the sensor's line of sight about the design direction. Alternatively, the angle representation of the smart sensor's line of sight about the mechanical reference plane can be determined based on the angular relationship between the laser collimator output beam and the bearing surface. As another possible implementation, the alignment marks can be placed on a blackbody radiation source. Compared to the prior art where the sensor's line of sight can only be marked with an error between the line of sight and the reference plane less than a certain value (e.g., 0.1°), the detection system of this application provides a method that can accurately detect and mark the sensor's line of sight with specific values.

[0067] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 The detection system 100 also includes a chopper assembly 180, comprising a chopper 181 and a chopper driver 182 located between the multidimensional adjustment platform 120 and the blackbody radiation source 140. The chopper assembly can modulate the frequency of infrared radiation from the blackbody radiation source 140 to output modulated infrared radiation to the smart sensor under test 150 at a set frequency. The modulated infrared radiation can be used to detect the response characteristics of the infrared sensor. Because the infrared radiation is precisely modulated, it is easier to observe and measure the response of the infrared sensor to infrared radiation of different frequencies and intensities, which can be used to detect the upper sideband and lower conversion frequency of the smart sensor under test 150, improving the efficiency and accuracy of detection.

[0068] In the technical specification testing of infrared sensors, modulated infrared radiation can be used as a standard signal input. By comparing the difference between the infrared sensor's response to the modulated signal and its designed response, the performance of the infrared sensor can be evaluated more accurately, and potential problems or defects can be identified.

[0069] Another embodiment of this application provides a detection method for detecting an infrared smart sensor using the above-described detection system. The detection method includes the following steps: Step S110, fixing the infrared smart sensor to be tested on a multi-dimensional adjustment platform, with the sensor's mechanical reference surface corresponding to the bearing surface; Step S120, using a laser collimator, determining the initial position of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform by adjusting it; Step S130, controlling the temperature output of the blackbody radiation source to emit infrared radiation; adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, measuring and recording the sensor's sensing signal in response to infrared radiation, and obtaining the sensor's technical specifications based on the sensing signal. The technical specifications include at least one of the following: sensor line-of-sight angle, field of view angle, responsivity, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the steps for the detection system to detect the sensor's line of sight include: Step S210, adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate the sensor from its initial position around a first axis, with the rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope being the first included angle; Step S220, adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate the sensor from its initial position around a second axis, with the rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope being the second included angle; Step S230, determining the sensor's line of sight based on the first and second included angles. For example, the first and second included angles can be used as the angular representation of the sensor's line of sight with respect to the designed line of sight direction; alternatively, the angular representation of the line of sight of the smart sensor under test with respect to the mechanical reference plane can be further determined based on the angular relationship between the laser collimator output beam and the bearing surface.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the step of the detection system detecting the field of view of the sensor at a first predetermined ratio includes: step S310, adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around a first axis, and recording two positions when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches its maximum value at a first predetermined ratio, with the rotation angle between them being the first field of view; step S320, adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around a second axis, and recording two corresponding positions when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches its maximum value at a first predetermined ratio, with the rotation angle between them being the second field of view. According to the sensor field of view detection method of the present invention, the relative field of view range under different set ratio values ​​can be obtained. This application utilizes an oscilloscope to observe the output value of the sensor's response to blackbody radiation and output sensing signal, thus obtaining the corresponding relationship between the output value and the sensor's rotation angle.

[0072] Existing technologies using imaging images for field-of-view detection suffer from inaccurate results and fail to establish the correlation between sensor intensity and sensing angle, thus limiting the use of infrared sensors as smart sensors. The infrared sensor detection system and method of this application can detect field-of-view angles at various preset ratios, providing high-precision and abundant technical data, and enabling adjustable field-of-view design for infrared smart sensors in IoT node networking applications.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the steps of the detection system for detecting the response rate include: step S410, aligning the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface; step S420, setting the chopper frequency and waiting for the frequency to stabilize, the chopper being located between the sensor and the blackbody radiation source; step S430, adjusting the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a first temperature T1, waiting for the temperature to stabilize, and reading the first peak voltage V1 of the oscilloscope measurement signal; step S440, adjusting the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a second temperature T2, waiting for the temperature to stabilize, and reading the second peak voltage V2 of the oscilloscope measurement signal; step S450, according to... The responsivity R of the sensor within the temperature range T1-T2 at this frequency is calculated, in mV / K. In step S460, by changing the chopper frequency and the first and second temperatures, and reading the peak voltage of the measured signal on the oscilloscope under different conditions, the responsivity of the smart sensor under test at different frequencies and temperature ranges can be obtained. Using the infrared sensor detection system and method of this application, responsivity at various frequencies and temperature ranges can be detected, providing high-precision and abundant technical indicator data. This provides a data reference for applying dynamic temperature compensation algorithms to correct for the influence of ambient temperature in data processing of infrared smart sensors.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the steps of the detection system to detect the sensor noise equivalent temperature difference include: step S510, aligning the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface; step S520, setting the chopper frequency and waiting for the frequency to stabilize; step S530, adjusting the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a third temperature T3, and after the blackbody temperature is reached, reading the first noise root mean square (VRMS1) and the third peak voltage (V3) of the oscilloscope measurement signal; step S540, adjusting the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a fourth temperature T4, and after the blackbody temperature is reached, reading the second noise root mean square (VRMS2) and the fourth peak voltage (V4) of the oscilloscope measurement signal.

[0075] according to The noise equivalent temperature difference NETD of the smart sensor under test in the temperature range of T3-T4 was calculated, in mK.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the steps of the detection system detecting the upper and lower sidebands of the sensor at a second predetermined ratio include: step S610, aligning the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface; step S620, adjusting the chopper frequency and waiting for the frequency to stabilize, wherein the chopper is located on the optical path where the sensor's line of sight is located; step S630, adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment platform and observing that the oscilloscope's measurement signal output reaches its maximum value; step S640, decreasing the chopper output frequency, wherein the chopper frequency at which the peak value of the oscilloscope's measurement signal drops to a second predetermined ratio of the maximum value is the upper sideband of the sensor; and step S650, increasing the chopper output frequency, wherein the chopper frequency at which the peak value of the oscilloscope's measurement signal drops to a second predetermined ratio of the maximum value is the lower sideband of the sensor.

[0077] The infrared intelligent sensor detection system and method of this application can complete the measurement of sensor line of sight, field of view, responsivity, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband within the same detection system. This not only avoids repetitive fixed installation, saving detection time and improving efficiency, but also ensures the consistency of measurement results. By providing a laser collimator, the reproducibility of measurement results obtained during repeated measurements can be guaranteed, ensuring the accuracy of the sensor's technical specifications.

[0078] Another embodiment of this application provides an intelligent sensor, which is an infrared intelligent sensor, more specifically, a temperature sensor or an image sensor. The sensor's technical specifications are detected using the detection system and method described above. These specifications include at least one of the following: sensor line of sight, field of view, responsivity, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband. The sensor line of sight is an absolute angle value; the sensor field of view is a relative field of view range at least one set, for example, a given ratio; the responsivity is the responsivity at least one set of given frequencies and given temperature ranges; the noise equivalent temperature difference is at least one set of noise equivalent temperature differences at least one set of given frequencies and given temperature ranges; and the upper and lower sidebands are the upper and lower sidebands at at least one set of given ratios. The infrared sensor characterized by the technical specifications obtained by this application expands its application scenarios as an intelligent sensor and provides a benchmark and reference for the calibration, data processing, and application upgrades of intelligent sensors in applications.

[0079] The infrared intelligent sensor detection system and detection method of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the drawings and numerical values ​​disclosed in this application are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0080] In a specific example, the detection system of the infrared sensor in this application is mounted on the optically stabilized platform 110, such as... Figure 1 As shown:

[0081] The operating environment and target characteristics of the infrared sensor detection system are as follows:

[0082] Ambient temperature: 20℃ ± 5℃;

[0083] Relative humidity: ≤80%;

[0084] Power supply voltage: 220V ± 10V;

[0085] Target size: 2m × 3m (@150m);

[0086] Temperature difference between the observation target and the environment: 15℃~25℃.

[0087] The optical stabilization platform 110 is selected as follows:

[0088] In this embodiment, the infrared sensor under test observes a 2m×3m target 150m away, with a designed field of view of 0.8°. Based on a 10mm×10mm blackbody target, the imaging distance to fill the field of view is 0.7m. Therefore, the longer side of the optical platform needs to be greater than 0.7m. Considering the space required for equipment installation, an optically stabilized platform with a length of 1.2m and a width of 1m is recommended.

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, the selection of the blackbody radiation source 140 is as follows:

[0090] Based on the above calculations, the blackbody radiation source 140 adopts a blackbody target surface, which requires a design of 10mm×10mm. Since the smallest target surface of a commonly used blackbody is currently 80mm×80mm, an 80mm×80mm target surface blackbody is combined with a 10mm×10mm aperture 170 to simulate the observation target 190. This also leaves redundancy for subsequent system upgrades, meaning that to simulate targets of different sizes, only the size of the aperture 170 needs to be modified.

[0091] The maximum temperature difference between the observed target and the environment is 25℃, with the ambient temperature ranging from 25℃ to 5℃. Taking the maximum value as the ambient temperature of 30℃, the highest simulated temperature for the blackbody is 55℃. Therefore, selecting a blackbody radiation source within the range of room temperature to 80℃ can meet the system requirements.

[0092] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the chopper 181 selection is as follows:

[0093] Based on the upper sideband of 30±15Hz and the lower sideband of 510±30Hz, the lowest frequency of the chopper is ≤10Hz and the highest frequency is ≥550Hz. Therefore, a 10-slot chopper is sufficient to meet the system requirements.

[0094] The area of ​​the optical path blocked by the chopper 181 needs to be larger than the area of ​​the aperture by 10mm × 10mm, such as Figure 4 As shown, the 10-slot chopper has a diameter of 102mm. After subtracting the edge, the radius is 50mm. Calculate the side length of the chopper's shading area. It can completely block the light path, meeting system requirements.

[0095] The oscilloscope 160 selection is as follows:

[0096] The highest measured lower sideband frequency is 550Hz. Considering that the signal rise time and fall time are 0.5ms, an oscilloscope bandwidth of 500M was selected.

[0097] Following the example above, such as Figure 1 As shown, the measurement principles of each parameter in this application are as follows: Response rate: The range of electrical signal response induced by the infrared sensor under test to a given temperature difference, measured in mV / K. The principle is to adjust the blackbody radiation source 140 to change a known temperature difference, record the range of output signal changes, and calculate the result. Tangential angle, radial angle, tangential field of view, and radial field of view: All measurements are angles. The tangential and radial angles are measured as absolute angles. The tangential and radial field of view are measured as relative angles. The measurement principle is that when the infrared sensor under test is aligned with the blackbody radiation source 140 and moves tangentially and radially, reaching a certain percentage of the output value is considered to have reached the edge of the angle, and the result is recorded and calculated. NETD: Noise equivalent temperature difference. The blackbody radiation source 140 changes to a known temperature, the noise and output values ​​are recorded, and finally the average noise value and the temperature value equivalent to the response rate of this average noise value are calculated, which is NETD. Upper and lower sidebands: Sensors have response boundaries for low-frequency and high-frequency targets. When the target change is below the low-frequency threshold or above the high-frequency threshold, the sensor output reaches the critical response value. The corresponding low-frequency and high-frequency points are called the lower and upper sidebands. The measurement principle involves using a chopper to adjust the output frequency until the sensor response output reaches a certain percentage, at which point the result is recorded.

[0098] Based on this, this application implements the detection process of infrared sensors through a detection system, which specifically includes two parts: pre-detection preparation and test measurement. The detailed process is as follows:

[0099] Preparations are required before conducting the test:

[0100] Turn on the system power, start the laser collimator 130, and adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 of the carrier fixture with the collimation fixture, for example, by adjusting the initial position of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 to zero; place the infrared sensor to be tested on the fixture and lock it; start the oscilloscope 160; start the blackbody radiation source 140, set the initial temperature of the blackbody radiation source 140 to 40℃, and wait for the temperature of the blackbody radiation source 140 to stabilize; start the chopper, set its frequency to 100Hz, and wait for its frequency to stabilize.

[0101] The specific testing process mainly includes the following:

[0102] In this embodiment, the chopper output frequency is 100Hz, the first set temperature is 40℃, and the second set temperature is 50℃. The first signal peak value 'a' measured by the oscilloscope 160 at the first temperature of 40℃ is read. The temperature of the blackbody radiation source 140 is adjusted to the second set temperature of 50℃, and the second signal peak value 'b' measured by the oscilloscope 160 at the second set temperature is read. The responsivity R of the infrared sensor under test at 100Hz and 40-50℃ is calculated according to R = (ba) / (50-40), with units of mV / K.

[0103] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to drive the infrared sensor under test to rotate around the X-axis from the initial position. The angle corresponding to the maximum value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is recorded as the first angle. The rotation angle from the initial angle of the initial position around the X-axis to the first angle is recorded as the first included angle A1 of the infrared sensor under test. It can be understood that the rotation angle from the initial angle of the initial position around the X-axis to the first angle is the smaller of the two rotation angles from the initial angle of the initial position around the X-axis in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions.

[0104] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is used to rotate the infrared sensor under test around the Y-axis from its initial position. The angle corresponding to the maximum value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is recorded as the fourth angle. The angle from the initial angle at the initial position to the fourth angle around the Y-axis is recorded as the second included angle A1 of the infrared sensor under test. It can be understood that the angle from the initial angle at the initial position to the fourth angle around the second axis is the smaller of the two angles from the initial angle at the initial position in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions around the second axis. Thus, the sensor's line of sight is obtained as having a first included angle A1 and a second included angle A2 about the designed line of sight.

[0105] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to rotate the infrared sensor under test from its initial position around the X-axis. The angle corresponding to the maximum value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is recorded as the first angle. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 1202 is controlled to rotate the infrared sensor under test from the first angle around the X-axis in a third direction. The angle corresponding to the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 reaching p1% of the maximum value is recorded as the second angle. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to rotate the infrared sensor under test from the second angle around the X-axis in a fourth direction opposite to the third direction. The angle corresponding to the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 reaching p1% of the maximum value again is recorded as the third angle. The angle from the second angle to the third angle around the first axis in the fourth direction is recorded as the first field of view angle of the infrared sensor under test. Wherein, p1% is the first preset percentage.

[0106] The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to rotate the infrared sensor under test from its initial position around the Y-axis. The angle corresponding to the maximum value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is recorded as the fourth angle. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to rotate the infrared sensor under test from the fourth angle around the first axis in a fifth direction. The angle corresponding to the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 reaching p2% of the maximum value is recorded as the fifth angle. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is controlled to rotate the infrared sensor under test from the fifth angle around the second axis in a fifth direction opposite to the fourth direction. The angle corresponding to the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 reaching p2% of the maximum value again is recorded as the sixth angle. The angle from the fourth angle around the second axis in a fifth direction to the sixth angle is recorded as the second field of view of the infrared sensor under test. Here, p2% is the second preset percentage, and p1% and p2% can be the same or different.

[0107] In this embodiment, the third direction and the fifth direction are clockwise or counterclockwise, respectively.

[0108] Specifically, in this embodiment, p1 is 30 and p2 is 30, that is, the first preset percentage and the second preset percentage are 30% respectively.

[0109] The frequency is set to 100Hz. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 is adjusted to move the infrared sensor under test along the first direction, along the second direction, and rotate around the first axis or around the second axis. Through the cooperation of the laser collimator 130 and the collimation fixture, the line of sight of the infrared sensor 9 under test is aligned with the blackbody radiation source 140 in the initial position. The temperature of the blackbody radiation source 140 is set to the second set temperature T3. The first root mean square (RMS) VRMS1 of the noise of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is read, and the first peak voltage V3 of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is read. The temperature of the blackbody radiation source 140 is set to the third set temperature T4. The second RMS2 of the noise of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is read, and the second peak voltage V4 of the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 is read. According to... The noise equivalent temperature difference of the infrared sensor under test was calculated.

[0110] Specifically, in this embodiment, T3 is 30℃ and T4 is 40℃, resulting in a noise equivalent temperature difference of 30-40℃ at 100Hz.

[0111] Adjust the displacement of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 to maximize the signal value displayed on the oscilloscope 160; decrease the chopper's output frequency by the driver until the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 decreases to p3% of the maximum value, record the current chopper output frequency as the upper sideband Fu; where p3 is the third preset percentage; increase the chopper's output frequency by the driver until the signal measured by the oscilloscope 160 decreases to p4% of the maximum value, record the current chopper output frequency as the lower sideband Fd; where p4 is the fourth preset percentage.

[0112] Specifically, in this embodiment, p3 is 30 and p4 is 30, that is, the third preset percentage and the fourth preset percentage are 30% respectively, so that the upper sideband Fu and the lower sideband Fd are obtained when the maximum value is 30%.

[0113] Through precise control of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 and accurate measurement of the output signal by the oscilloscope 160, the intelligent detection system for infrared sensors can achieve high-precision detection of the infrared sensor's performance. This high precision and reliability are crucial for ensuring the performance of infrared sensors in practical applications.

[0114] The infrared sensor detection system integrates multiple detection functions into one unit, eliminating the need for users to measure different parameters on multiple instruments, greatly simplifying the detection process and improving operational convenience. In one possible implementation, the detection system also includes a controller, which centrally controls the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120, the aperture 170, and the chopper drive, making the detection process more automated and intelligent.

[0115] The infrared sensor detection system is applicable to different types and specifications of infrared sensors. The flexible displacement and rotation functions of the multi-dimensional adjustment platform 120 allow the infrared sensor under test to be easily adjusted to the optimal detection position, ensuring the accuracy of the detection results.

[0116] This application employs an integrated detection system with a controller to achieve efficient detection, which can significantly shorten detection time and improve detection efficiency.

[0117] Furthermore, this application enables the detection of parameters such as responsivity, tangential angle, radial angle, tangential field of view, radial field of view, NETD (noise equivalent temperature difference), upper sideband, and lower sideband of infrared sensor products. It provides a reliable testing method for sensor incoming inspection, manufacturing, and outgoing product inspection, improving product consistency and reliability, thereby saving costs for enterprises and enhancing product competitiveness.

[0118] This application proposes to accurately measure key parameters of infrared sensors, such as "response rate, angle, field of view, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband," in order to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the performance of infrared sensors. This allows for the evaluation of the matching between infrared sensors and scenes based on the performance of infrared sensors, enabling infrared sensors to be applied to a wider range of scenarios.

[0119] In one embodiment, regarding the included angle parameter, for different lighting environments, in environments with strong light, the infrared sensor may be interfered with by direct sunlight or other light sources. In this case, the included angle should be appropriately reduced to decrease the proportion of light directly hitting the sensor. Additionally, an excessively small included angle will limit the detection range; therefore, this embodiment uses a light shield or adjusts the sensor's installation position to reduce the impact of strong light on the sensor.

[0120] In low-light environments, the detection range and accuracy of infrared sensors are affected. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the included angle to expand the detection range and increase the intensity of the received infrared signal.

[0121] Similarly, under different temperature environments, high temperatures can cause instability in the internal circuitry of the infrared sensor, increasing noise. Therefore, the angle needs to be appropriately reduced to minimize unnecessary signal interference and improve detection accuracy. Additionally, in excessively high temperatures, it's necessary to consider adding heat sinks or using fans to dissipate heat from the infrared sensor. In low-temperature environments, the detection distance and accuracy of the infrared sensor will also be affected. The angle needs to be appropriately increased to expand the detection range and improve detection sensitivity.

[0122] In one embodiment, it is necessary to determine whether the infrared sensor is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for response rate, such as high-speed moving target detection environment, weak signal detection environment, high-precision temperature measurement environment, and complex environment, based on the measured response rate of the infrared sensor.

[0123] This application can also evaluate the matching between the infrared sensor and the scene based on parameters such as the measured field of view, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband, so that the infrared sensor can be applied to a wider range of scenarios, which will not be elaborated here.

[0124] In one embodiment, this embodiment also provides a method for evaluating the matching between an infrared sensor and a scene; specifically:

[0125] Accurately measure and record key parameters of each infrared sensor, such as response rate, included angle, field of view, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

[0126] Collect scene data from different scenarios, including temperature distribution, light intensity, target object features, and background noise. Respond to user settings and actions, clarify the characteristics and requirements of each scenario, and annotate the scene data accordingly.

[0127] Annotate the infrared image data.

[0128] More specifically, the features of the target object are selected from at least one or more of the following: shape features (the object's outline, such as a circle, square, triangle, etc.), size features (the object's length, width, height, and other dimensional information), and motion features.

[0129] Construct a neural network model, wherein the neural network model is selected from one of the following: convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and hybrid model.

[0130] Feature vectors are extracted from the parameters measured by the infrared sensor and used as input to the neural network.

[0131] Feature extraction is performed on scene data to extract the outline and texture of the target object.

[0132] The labeled scene data and key parameters of the infrared sensor are used as training data, and the data is divided into training set and validation set to train the neural network model and verify its performance.

[0133] Use a validation set to evaluate the performance of a neural network, such as metrics like accuracy and recall.

[0134] Visualize and analyze the model's predictions to understand its decision-making process and potential problems.

[0135] Based on the evaluation results, adjust the structure, parameters, or training strategy of the neural network to improve its performance.

[0136] For new infrared smart sensors and scenarios, a matching evaluation is performed using a trained neural network model.

[0137] Based on the model's predictions, determine whether the infrared sensor is suitable for the scenario.

[0138] Specifically, in practical applications, data is continuously collected and neural network models are updated to improve their generalization ability and adaptability.

[0139] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0140] It should also be noted that, in the description of this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0141] Obviously, the above embodiments of this application are merely examples for clearly illustrating this application, and are not intended to limit the implementation of this application. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this application are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A detection system for intelligent sensors, characterized in that, The detection system includes: A multi-dimensional adjustment platform with a bearing surface corresponding to the mechanical reference surface of the smart sensor under test; A laser collimator is mounted on the multidimensional adjustment platform, and the angle between the optical path of the laser collimator and the bearing surface is known; the smart sensor under test is an infrared sensor under test; the detection system also includes a collimation fixture for fixing the infrared sensor under test; the laser collimator is configured such that the laser output optical path is parallel to the design line of sight of the infrared sensor under test fixed on the adjustment platform; A blackbody radiation source separately positioned from the multidimensional adjustment platform; and An oscilloscope used to measure the output signal of a sensor. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is capable of displacement along a first axis and along a second axis, and is capable of rotation around the first axis and around the second axis, so that the line of sight of the infrared sensor under test is aligned with the blackbody radiation source in the initial position. The first axis is perpendicular to the second axis, and the optical path of the laser collimator is perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis, respectively. The detection system also includes an aperture disposed between the multidimensional adjustment platform and the blackbody radiation source; Alignment marks are provided on the aperture or the blackbody radiation source; The multidimensional adjustment platform is configured to align the laser beam of the laser collimator with the alignment mark to obtain the initial position of the sensor angle, or to obtain the angle characterization of the sensor's line of sight about the designed line of sight direction, or to obtain the angle characterization of the line of sight of the infrared sensor under test about the reference plane.

2. The detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection system also includes a chopper assembly located between the multidimensional adjustment platform and the blackbody radiation source.

3. A smart sensor detection method using the detection system described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The detection method includes the following steps: The smart sensor under test is fixed on the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, with the mechanical reference surface of the sensor corresponding to the bearing surface; Using the laser collimator, the initial position of the multidimensional adjustment platform is determined by adjusting the multidimensional adjustment platform; Control the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to output infrared radiation; Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform, measure and record the sensor's output signal in response to the infrared radiation, and obtain the sensor's technical specifications based on the output signal. The technical specifications include at least one of the following: sensor line-of-sight angle, field of view angle, responsivity, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

4. The detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps of the detection system for detecting the sensor's line of sight include: The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is adjusted to drive the sensor to rotate around the first axis from its initial position. The rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope is the first included angle. The multi-dimensional adjustment platform is adjusted to drive the sensor to rotate around the second axis from its initial position. The rotation angle corresponding to the maximum value of the sensor output signal measured by the oscilloscope is the second included angle. The sensor's line of sight is determined based on the first included angle and the second included angle.

5. The detection method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The step of the detection system detecting the field of view of the sensor at a first predetermined ratio includes: Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around the first axis, and record the two positions when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches the first predetermined ratio value of the maximum value. The rotation angle between them is the first field of view. Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform to rotate around the second axis, and record the two positions when the oscilloscope measurement signal reaches the first predetermined ratio value of the maximum value. The rotation angle between them is the second field of view.

6. The detection method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The steps of the detection system for detecting response rate include: Set the chopper frequency, and the chopper is located on the optical path where the sensor's line of sight is located; Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to a first temperature T1, and read the first peak voltage V1 of the oscilloscope measurement signal; Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the second temperature T2, and read the second peak voltage V2 of the oscilloscope measurement signal; according to The response rate R of the sensor within the temperature range T1-T2 at this frequency is calculated.

7. The detection method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The steps of the detection system for detecting sensor noise equivalent temperature difference include: Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the third temperature T3, and read the first noise root mean square VRMS1 and the third peak voltage V3 of the oscilloscope measurement signal. Adjust the temperature of the blackbody radiation source to the fourth temperature T4, and read the second noise root mean square VRMS2 and the fourth peak voltage V4 of the oscilloscope measurement signal; according to The noise equivalent temperature difference of the sensor in the temperature range of T3-T4 was calculated. .

8. The detection method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The steps of the detection system detecting the upper and lower sideband frequencies of the sensor at the second predetermined ratio include: Align the sensor's line of sight with the blackbody target surface; Adjust the multi-dimensional adjustment platform and observe the maximum value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope; Adjust the chopper frequency; this chopper is located on the optical path along the sensor's line of sight. The chopper output frequency is reduced to the chopper frequency at which the peak value of the oscilloscope-measured signal drops to a second predetermined ratio of that maximum value. This chopper frequency is the upper sideband of the sensor. Increase the chopper output frequency. The chopper frequency at which the peak value of the signal measured by the oscilloscope drops to a second predetermined ratio of that maximum value is the lower sideband of the sensor.

9. A smart sensor, characterized in that, The intelligent sensor is a temperature sensor or an image sensor. The technical specifications of the sensor are detected by the detection method according to any one of claims 3-8. The technical specifications include at least one of the following: sensor line of sight, field of view, response rate, noise equivalent temperature difference, upper sideband, and lower sideband.

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