Self-powered temperature measuring device and method for high-speed rail power transmission line connection busbar

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic induction power taking and on-line temperature measurement, and particularly discloses a self-powered temperature measurement device and method for a high-speed rail power transmission line connection busbar, which can measure the temperature of the high-speed rail power transmission line connection busbar under the conditions that the original power transmission line is not changed and the electric energy transmission of the original power transmission line is not influenced. The self-powered temperature measuring device is installed in the middle of a bolt for connecting an input cable and an output cable of a busbar, energy is collected through a non-contact electromagnetic induction method in the process that large current flows through the busbar, and a power source is provided for a temperature measuring circuit board; the temperature of the busbar is obtained by adopting a temperature measurement technology, and busbar temperature information is sent to the cloud server through the 4G radio frequency module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic induction power supply and online temperature measurement, and in particular to a self-powered temperature measurement device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a self-powered temperature measurement method for a high-speed railway transmission line connecting a busbar. Background Art

[0003] High-speed rail transmission lines are characterized by high voltage, high current, intermittent transmission, and short operating times. Busbars are typically used to connect various sections of high-speed rail transmission lines. Loose bolts and other factors can make the busbars vulnerable to localized heating and burnout. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a maintenance-free, wireless temperature measurement device to monitor the busbar temperature and ensure the safe operation of high-speed rail transmission lines.

[0004] Most existing temperature measuring devices for measuring the temperature at the connection points of power transmission lines are powered by batteries, which have disadvantages such as short service life, poor high temperature resistance, and high maintenance costs. They cannot meet the requirements of temperature measuring devices. The disadvantages of the existing technology are as follows:

[0005] CN207528354U discloses a wireless temperature measurement device, including a wireless temperature monitoring unit and a group of wireless temperature measurement terminals. Its working power supply is composed of a coil, a rectifier circuit, a protection circuit, an energy storage circuit, and a voltage control circuit. The coil includes an open-circuit magnetic core and a coil winding wound on the magnetic core, and has a complex structure. The entire device needs to be drilled on the busbar during installation, and occupies a large space. There is a considerable distance between it and the bolts connecting the cables. When local heat is caused by loose bolts, it takes a long time to be transmitted to the temperature measurement device, and the temperature drops significantly, so the local heat caused by loose bolts cannot be detected in time. The entire device is not suitable for high-speed railway transmission lines with intermittent power supply.

[0006] CN220544748U discloses a high-voltage transmission line energy extraction device based on electromagnetic induction, which includes an energy extraction unit based on electromagnetic induction. However, the electromagnetic induction coil is sleeved on the outside of the high-voltage transmission line body, which brings additional burden to the transmission line. It is easy for the wind to cause mutual movement between the coil and the transmission line, which increases safety hazards to the transmission line itself.

[0007] CN112729576A and CN213985423U both disclose an online monitoring and temperature measuring device for overhead power transmission lines. However, a power supply is provided on the integrated circuit board, which fails to solve the problem of self-power supply.

[0008] CN209623902U discloses a wireless temperature measurement system for detecting high-voltage line clamps, which includes a detection power supply module consisting of an electromagnetic induction power generation unit, a rectifier unit and a boost unit. However, no further description is given of the structure of the electromagnetic induction power generation unit and its placement relative to the high-voltage wire.

[0009] CN206648753U discloses an online temperature measurement device for a power distribution line, which uses a PT100 sensor to measure the temperature. However, the power module is powered by a battery, which fails to solve the self-power supply problem.

[0010] CN103439023A discloses a temperature measuring device for online temperature measurement of overhead transmission lines. After the overhead conductor passes through the axis of a hollow ring, a rotary tool is used to rotate the opening and closing structure to allow the conductor to pass through the energy extraction coil. This power extraction method is essentially the same as patent CN220544748U, which increases safety risks to the transmission line itself. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is: to address the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a self-powered temperature measuring device for connecting the high-speed railway transmission line to the busbar. Without making any changes to the original transmission line and without affecting the power transmission of the original transmission line, the self-powered temperature measuring device is installed in the middle of the bolts connecting the busbar input and output cables. When a large current flows through the busbar, energy is collected by a non-contact electromagnetic induction method to provide power for the temperature measurement circuit board; the temperature of the busbar is obtained by temperature measurement technology, and the busbar temperature information is sent to the cloud server through the 4G radio frequency module.

[0012] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0013] A self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line busbar. The device is located at the center of the busbar input and output cable bolts. The device includes a main cavity and a tray. The main cavity is located above the busbar and the tray is located below the busbar. The main cavity and the tray are connected.

[0014] The main cavity includes a self-powered temperature measurement circuit board, the input end of which is connected to the power supply module and the temperature sensor. The self-powered temperature measurement circuit board is used to collect temperature data from the temperature sensor and output the temperature of the busbar.

[0015] Furthermore, grooves are respectively provided at the connection points between the main cavity, the tray and the connecting busbar, and the connecting busbar is respectively engaged with the grooves of the main cavity and the tray.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the groove of the tray is provided with an elastic sheet, and the elastic sheet is used to clamp the device and the connecting busbar.

[0017] Furthermore, the power supply module includes a permalloy strip disposed in the main cavity. The permalloy strip is laid at the bottom of one end of the main cavity near the tray, and both ends of the permalloy extend out of the main cavity. An electromagnetic induction coil is also provided at the bottom of the main cavity. The permalloy passes through the center of the electromagnetic induction coil, and the output end of the electromagnetic induction coil is connected to the automatic control point temperature measurement circuit board.

[0018] The power supply system further includes a permalloy bar A disposed at one end of the tray close to the main cavity, with both ends of the permalloy bar A being cooperatively connected to both ends of the permalloy extending out of the main cavity to form a magnetic conductive circuit.

[0019] Furthermore, the electromagnetic induction coil is a hollow coil with 2000 turns, and the electromagnetic induction coil is wound with an enameled wire with a wire diameter of 0.11 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board includes a protection circuit, a rectifier circuit, a micro-energy collection circuit, a large capacitor, an output switch, a DC-DC conversion circuit, an MCU module, a 4G radio frequency module, and a temperature measurement circuit;

[0021] The output end of the electromagnetic induction coil is connected in sequence to a protection circuit and a rectifier circuit, which is used to rectify the AC energy obtained by the electromagnetic induction coil into DC energy. The rectifier circuit is connected to the input end of the micro energy collection circuit. The micro energy collection circuit is a boost converter, and the micro energy collection circuit outputs the boosted energy to a large capacitor for storage.

[0022] The output end of the large capacitor is respectively connected to the DC-DC converter and the output switch, the output switch is connected to the DC-DC converter, and the output switch is used to control the working state of the DC-DC converter. When the energy collected by the large capacitor exceeds the specified threshold, the DC-DC converter is turned on; the DC-DC converter is respectively connected to the MCU module and the 4G radio frequency module for providing energy, the temperature measurement circuit is connected to the input end of the MCU module, the temperature measurement circuit includes a temperature sensor, the MCU module collects the temperature of the busbar through the temperature measurement circuit, and the 4G radio frequency module is used to send temperature data to the cloud server.

[0023] Furthermore, the protection circuit includes two bidirectional TVS tubes; the rectifier circuit includes a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of multiple Schottky diodes.

[0024] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is a self-powered temperature measurement method for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar, using the self-powered temperature measurement device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar, and the method specifically includes:

[0025] Energy collection: When the high-speed train enters the power supply area, the micro energy collection circuit starts to work, collecting energy to the large capacitor through the electromagnetic induction coil, and the voltage across the large capacitor increases;

[0026] Temperature measurement and temperature data transmission, a preset working threshold of the voltage across the large capacitor, when the voltage across the large capacitor rises to greater than the working threshold, the DC-DC converter converts the received voltage and outputs the converted voltage to the MCU module and the 4G RF module, the MCU module, the temperature measurement circuit and the 4G RF module start working, the temperature sensor collects the temperature of the busbar and transmits it to the MCU module through the temperature measurement circuit, and then sends the temperature data to the cloud server through the 4G RF module, completing one temperature measurement and 4G RF module data transmission task, and as the energy in the large capacitor is collected again, the next temperature measurement and 4G RF module data transmission task begins.

[0027] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The device utilizes the magnetic field generated by alternating current in high-speed rail transmission lines to efficiently collect and convert energy into electricity through a Permalloy magnetic circuit and a 2000-turn hollow electromagnetic induction coil. Requiring no external batteries or power cords, it avoids the safety hazards of traditional wired power supplies in high-voltage environments and addresses the challenge of battery replacement in high-altitude, mobile environments.

[0029] Through multi-stage processing of protection circuit, rectification circuit, micro energy collection circuit and large capacitor storage, efficient capture and stable storage of weak electromagnetic energy can be achieved; the threshold control mechanism of the output switch and DC-DC conversion circuit only starts the temperature measurement and transmission module when there is sufficient energy, reducing standby power consumption and ensuring the continuous operation of the device within the periodic power supply range of the high-speed rail.

[0030] The grooved interlocking structure of the main cavity and the tray allows the temperature sensor to directly attach to the busbar surface, eliminating temperature measurement delays or errors caused by air gaps. The spring clip design within the tray's groove adapts to the busbar surface tolerances through elastic clamping, maintaining close contact even in the vibration environment of high-speed rails, ensuring real-time and accurate temperature data. The upper and lower clamping mounting structure allows for quick installation without the need for additional tools, making it suitable for space-constrained high-speed rail transmission line scenarios. Furthermore, the dual fixing mechanism of interlocking and spring clip clamping enhances the device's stability in high-frequency vibration environments and reduces the risk of measurement failure due to looseness.

[0031] The integrated 4G RF module transmits collected temperature data to a cloud server in real time, enabling remote online monitoring. Operations and maintenance personnel can monitor the temperature status of the connected busbars through the cloud platform in real time without having to visit the site. This provides timely warnings of overheating faults (such as poor contact or temperature rise caused by excessive load), shortening troubleshooting time and reducing manual inspection costs.

[0032] In summary, the device of the present invention can flexibly adapt to connecting busbars of different specifications, and by adjusting the parameters of the electromagnetic induction coil, it can be compatible with transmission lines of different current levels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the main cavity of the self-powered temperature measuring device for high-speed railway transmission line connected to the busbar of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of a tray in a self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a tray in a self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board in the self-powered temperature measurement device for high-speed railway transmission line connected to the busbar of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the self-powered temperature measuring device for the high-speed railway transmission line connected to the busbar and the connected busbar of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the self-powered temperature measuring device of the high-speed railway transmission line connected to the busbar of the present invention when the high-speed railway passes through the section.

[0040] In the figure, 1-main cavity, 2-tray, 3-Permalloy strip, 4-electromagnetic induction coil, 5-self-powered temperature measurement circuit board, 6-temperature sensor, 7-Permalloy strip A, 8-spring, 9-cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0043] Example

[0044] This embodiment provides a self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the overall structure of the device provided in this embodiment is a rectangular structure, specifically including a main cavity 1 and a tray 2; the main cavity 1 is installed above the connecting busbar, and a groove that cooperates with the connecting busbar is opened at the center position of the connection between the main cavity 1 and the connecting busbar, and the groove is embedded in the connecting busbar; the tray 2 is installed below the connecting busbar, and the main cavity 1 and the tray 2 are connected by bolts. A groove that cooperates with the connecting busbar is also opened at the position opposite to the main cavity 1, and a spring clip 8 is provided in the groove of the tray 2. After the main cavity 1 and the tray 2 are connected by bolts, the spring clip 8 clamps the self-powered temperature measuring device to the connecting busbar; the elastic clamping effect of the spring clip 8 can adapt to the surface tolerance of the connecting busbar, and even if the busbar has slight deformation or installation error, it can still maintain a close fit between the device and the busbar, preventing the device from loosening due to high-speed rail operating environment factors such as vibration, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the temperature measurement data.

[0045] The device of this embodiment achieves precise installation at the center of the busbar connecting bolt through the upper and lower clamping structures of the main cavity 1 and the tray 2. The self-powered temperature measurement circuit board integrates the power supply module and the temperature sensor, which can directly collect and output the busbar temperature data without additional wiring, meeting the real-time temperature measurement needs of high-speed rail transmission lines. The compact structure is suitable for high-voltage connection scenarios with limited space. The groove interlocking structure enables the device to form close physical contact with the connecting busbar, ensuring that the temperature sensor can directly sense the busbar temperature and avoid temperature measurement errors caused by air gaps. At the same time, the groove design can guide the device to be quickly positioned and installed, improve assembly efficiency, and enhance the stability of the connection between the device and the busbar.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the main cavity 1 includes a permalloy strip 3, an electromagnetic induction coil 4, a self-powered temperature measurement circuit board 5 and a temperature sensor 6. The permalloy strip 3 is laid at the bottom of the main cavity 1 near one end of the tray 2, and both ends of the permalloy strip 3 extend out of the main cavity 1. The two ends of the permalloy strip 3 are bent 90° outside the main cavity 1, that is, the two ends of the permalloy strip 3 extending out of the main cavity 1 are respectively fitted with the ends of the main cavity 1 connected to the tray 2, for matching the permalloy strip A7 on the tray 2; the permalloy strip 3 passes through the center of the electromagnetic induction coil 4, and the connector of the electromagnetic induction coil 4 is connected to the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board 5, which is clamped inside the main cavity 1, and the temperature sensor 6 is provided on the side of the main cavity 1 close to the connection busbar, and the temperature sensor 6 is connected to the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board 5. After all the equipment in the main cavity 1 is installed, the main cavity is closed using a cover.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the tray 2 includes a permalloy strip A7, which is laid in a groove opposite to the main cavity 1 of the tray 2. At the same time, the permalloy strip A7 is covered in the groove of the tray with a cover 9. The two ends of the permalloy strip A7 extend out of the tray 2, and the two ends of the permalloy strip A7 extending out of the tray 2 are in contact with the connection ends of the tray 2 and the main cavity 1. When the tray 2 is connected to the main cavity 1, the two ends of the permalloy strip A7 are connected to the two ends of the permalloy strip 3, forming a magnetic conductive circuit including a connecting busbar. Since the permalloy strip 3 passes through the electromagnetic induction coil 4, the electromagnetic induction coil 4 can obtain electrical energy from the magnetic conductive circuit. A spring 8 is also provided on the outside of the groove of the tray 2. The elastic clamping effect of the spring 8 can adapt to the surface tolerance of the connecting busbar. When the tray and the connecting busbar are docked, even if there is slight deformation or installation error of the busbar, the device and the busbar can still be kept in close contact, preventing the device from loosening due to high-speed rail operating environment factors such as vibration, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the temperature measurement data. At the same time, based on the magnetic conductive loop formed by the Permalloy bars 3 and the Permalloy bars A7, combined with the energy collection mechanism of the electromagnetic induction coil 4, the magnetic field generated by the alternating current in the high-speed rail transmission line can be used for self-power supply without the need for external batteries or power cords, thus solving the problem of power supply difficulties in the high-voltage environment of the high-speed rail. At the same time, the magnetic conductive material enhances the magnetic field coupling efficiency and improves the energy collection effect.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board 5 in this embodiment includes a protection circuit, a rectifier circuit, a micro-energy collection circuit, a large capacitor, an output switch, a DC-DC conversion circuit, an MCU module, a 4G radio frequency module, and a temperature measurement circuit. The protection circuit is composed of two 12V bidirectional TVS tubes; the rectifier circuit is composed of four Schottky diodes with low conduction voltage to form a full-bridge rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit receives the AC power obtained by the electromagnetic induction coil 4 transmitted from the protection circuit and rectifies the AC power into DC energy; the micro-energy collection circuit is an ultra-low power boost converter that can collect energy. It receives the rectified DC energy and increases the voltage of the collected energy to collect it in the large capacitor; the large capacitor uses a 0.1F supercapacitor to store the collected energy. As the energy is collected, the voltage across the large capacitor will increase accordingly. The large capacitor is respectively connected to the output switch and the DC-DC converter. The output switch is used to control the working state of the DC-DC converter. When the collected electric energy voltage exceeds the preset threshold, the DC-DC converter is turned on, and the DC-DC converter converts the voltage to 3.3V for use by the MCU module and the 4G radio frequency module. The MCU module is a low-power MCU, which is used to obtain the temperature of the high-speed rail power transmission connection busbar through the temperature measurement circuit, and send the temperature data to the cloud server through the 4G radio frequency module; the temperature measurement circuit is composed of a temperature sensor 6, which is used to measure the temperature of the connection busbar.

[0049] The multi-level energy management circuit of the self-powered temperature measurement circuit board in this embodiment ensures the efficient capture and stable storage of weak electromagnetic induction energy. The threshold control mechanism of the large capacitor and the output switch avoids frequent start and stop of the equipment due to energy fluctuations. The DC-DC conversion circuit provides a stable power supply for precision devices. The integration of the MCU module and the 4G RF module realizes the intelligent collection, processing and remote transmission of temperature data, building a complete closed loop of the self-powered temperature measurement system.

[0050] This embodiment also provides a self-powered temperature measurement method for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar, as follows:

[0051] The self-powered temperature measuring device connected to the busbar of the high-speed railway transmission line will only work at least once when the high-speed railway passes through the power supply section; the working process is as follows Figure 7 As shown:

[0052] When the high-speed train enters the power supply section, the current through the connected busbar increases sharply, reaching more than 500A. At this time, the micro-energy harvesting chip of the self-powered temperature measuring device starts to work, collecting energy through the electromagnetic induction coil, and the voltage across the large capacitor slowly rises; when it reaches the working threshold of 4.1V, the MCU module, temperature measurement circuit and 4G RF module start to work. After completing a temperature measurement and 4G data transmission task, the voltage across the large capacitor decreases and the power supply of the MCU module is turned off; as the energy on the large capacitor is collected again, the next temperature measurement and 4G module data transmission task can be started.

[0053] The method of this embodiment is based on the working mechanism of energy collection and threshold triggering. The device can automatically complete the "energy accumulation-data collection-wireless transmission" cycle during the operation of the high-speed rail without human intervention; the 4G radio frequency module realizes real-time cloud synchronization of temperature data, allowing operation and maintenance personnel to remotely monitor the temperature status of the connected busbar and promptly discover overheating risks. Combined with the periodic energy input of the high-speed rail power supply section, it ensures that the temperature measurement system maintains low power consumption characteristics during uninterrupted operation.

[0054] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described herein using specific embodiments. The description of the above embodiments is intended only to facilitate understanding of the method and core concept of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they may refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they may refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A self-powered temperature measuring device for high-speed railway transmission line busbars, the device being located at the center of the bolts connecting the busbar input and output cables, characterized in that: The device comprises a main cavity and a tray, wherein the main cavity is located above the connecting busbar, the tray is located below the connecting busbar, and the main cavity is connected to the tray; The main cavity includes a self-powered temperature measurement circuit board, the input end of which is connected to the power supply module and the temperature sensor. The self-powered temperature measurement circuit board is used to collect temperature data from the temperature sensor and output the temperature of the busbar.

2. The self-powered temperature measuring device for high-speed railway transmission line connected to busbar according to claim 1, characterized in that: Grooves are respectively provided at the connection points of the main cavity, the tray and the connecting busbar, and the connecting busbar is respectively engaged with the grooves of the main cavity and the tray.

3. The self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the groove of the tray is paved with an elastic piece, and the elastic piece is used to clamp the device and the connecting busbar.

4. The self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module includes a permalloy strip disposed in the main cavity. The permalloy strip is laid at the bottom of the main cavity near one end of the tray, and both ends of the permalloy extend out of the main cavity. An electromagnetic induction coil is also provided at the bottom of the main cavity. The permalloy passes through the center of the electromagnetic induction coil. The output end of the electromagnetic induction coil is connected to the automatic control point temperature measurement circuit board. The power supply system further includes a permalloy bar A disposed at one end of the tray close to the main cavity, with both ends of the permalloy bar A being cooperatively connected to both ends of the permalloy extending out of the main cavity to form a magnetic conductive circuit.

5. The self-powered temperature measuring device for high-speed railway transmission line connected to busbar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic induction coil is a hollow coil with 2000 turns, and is wound with an enameled wire with a wire diameter of 0.11 mm.

6. The self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The self-powered temperature measurement circuit board includes a protection circuit, a rectifier circuit, a micro-energy collection circuit, a large capacitor, an output switch, a DC-DC conversion circuit, an MCU module, a 4G radio frequency module, and a temperature measurement circuit; The output end of the electromagnetic induction coil is connected in sequence to a protection circuit and a rectifier circuit, which is used to rectify the AC energy obtained by the electromagnetic induction coil into DC energy. The rectifier circuit is connected to the input end of the micro energy collection circuit. The micro energy collection circuit is a boost converter, and the micro energy collection circuit outputs the boosted energy to a large capacitor for storage. The output end of the large capacitor is respectively connected to the DC-DC converter and the output switch, the output switch is connected to the DC-DC converter, and the output switch is used to control the working state of the DC-DC converter. When the energy collected by the large capacitor exceeds the specified threshold, the DC-DC converter is turned on; the DC-DC converter is respectively connected to the MCU module and the 4G radio frequency module for providing energy, the temperature measurement circuit is connected to the input end of the MCU module, the temperature measurement circuit includes a temperature sensor, the MCU module collects the temperature of the busbar through the temperature measurement circuit, and the 4G radio frequency module is used to send temperature data to the cloud server.

7. The self-powered temperature measuring device for a high-speed railway transmission line connected to a busbar according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protection circuit includes two bidirectional TVS tubes; the rectification circuit includes a full-bridge rectification circuit composed of multiple Schottky diodes.

8. A self-powered temperature measurement method for a high-speed railway transmission line connecting a busbar, using the self-powered temperature measurement device for a high-speed railway transmission line connecting a busbar according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method specifically includes: Energy collection: When the high-speed train enters the power supply area, the micro energy collection circuit starts to work, collecting energy to the large capacitor through the electromagnetic induction coil, and the voltage across the large capacitor increases; Temperature measurement and temperature data transmission, a preset working threshold of the voltage across the large capacitor, when the voltage across the large capacitor rises to greater than the working threshold, the DC-DC converter converts the received voltage and outputs the converted voltage to the MCU module and the 4G RF module, the MCU module, the temperature measurement circuit and the 4G RF module start working, the temperature sensor collects the temperature of the busbar and transmits it to the MCU module through the temperature measurement circuit, and then sends the temperature data to the cloud server through the 4G RF module, completing one temperature measurement and 4G RF module data transmission task, and as the energy in the large capacitor is collected again, the next temperature measurement and 4G RF module data transmission task begins.

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