A depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of surface matrix sampling technology, and particularly to a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device and method. The device includes a sampling frame, which is a rectangular frame structure with a slidingly mounted U-shaped frame inside. A driving component is provided on the sampling frame to drive the U-shaped frame to move longitudinally. A sampling cylinder is installed at the bottom of the U-shaped frame, and a sampling shaft is rotatably mounted on the central axis of the sampling cylinder. A spiral blade is located at the bottom of the sampling shaft. An adjusting component is located at the top of the sampling cylinder, and a rotating component is provided on the U-shaped frame to drive the sampling shaft to rotate. A depth adjusting component is located inside the U-shaped frame and connected to the upper end of the sampling shaft. This invention possesses high adjustability and precision. Through the driving component, the depth adjusting component, and the scale markings, the sampling depth and sample thickness can be precisely controlled. The adjusting component enables negative pressure sampling and discharge, ensuring sample purity and integrity. The rotating component drives the spiral blades to efficiently break up soil and remove impurities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surface matrix sampling technology, and in particular to a surface matrix sampling device and method with adjustable depth. Background Technology

[0002] Surface matrix sampling is a crucial step in geological exploration, environmental monitoring, and engineering construction. Its core lies in accurately collecting samples at different strata depths to provide reliable data for subsequent analysis. Currently, backpack drilling rigs are commonly used for shallow surface matrix sampling in the field due to their portability and operational flexibility. However, existing sampling devices have significant shortcomings in depth control, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-precision exploration.

[0003] For example, existing surface matrix sampling devices (such as the surface matrix sampling auxiliary device for backpack drills disclosed in CN118728374A) mainly use a lifting screw and motor to move the drill rod up and down to adjust the sampling depth. Its working principle is as follows: the motor drives the screw to rotate, which in turn moves the mounting plate and drill rod up and down. After drilling, the sample is separated by a vibrating block. However, this type of device can only achieve coarse position control; depth adjustment relies on operator experience or simple mechanical limits, lacking a precise control mechanism directly related to the sampling depth, as detailed below:

[0004] First, when the aforementioned sampling device samples at a certain depth, it is necessary to first remove the matrix above that depth and then collect the sample at the target depth, meaning that two samplings are required to obtain a sample at a certain depth. Furthermore, the actual sampling depth cannot be monitored in real time during the drilling process. Second, the aforementioned sampling device relies on the friction between the borehole wall and the sample to lift the sample. However, the friction is constrained by many factors such as the geological material and humidity, making it difficult to control precisely. This may cause the sample to slip during the drilling process. Finally, the method of separating the sample using a vibrating block can easily damage the integrity of the sample, making it impossible to guarantee the structural integrity of the sample and affecting the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0005] Based on this, this application makes further optimizations and improvements to the technical issues of how to achieve precise adjustment and control of the sampling depth of the surface matrix, ensuring that the sampling device can accurately control the drilling depth according to the needs under different terrain conditions, and provide real-time feedback on the actual sampling depth, so as to avoid sampling errors or equipment damage caused by depth deviation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device and method.

[0007] In a first aspect, a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device includes:

[0008] The sampling frame is designed as a rectangular frame structure, in which a return frame is slidably installed. The sampling frame is equipped with a drive component that drives the return frame to move longitudinally.

[0009] A sampling tube is installed at the bottom of a frame. The bottom of the sampling frame has a notch for the sampling tube to penetrate deep into the surface substrate for sampling. A sampling shaft is rotatably mounted on the central axis of the sampling tube. A spiral blade is provided at the bottom of the sampling shaft for digging out excess soil substrate above the sample. An adjustment component is provided at the top of the sampling tube for adjusting the pressure inside the sampling tube when lifting the sample and for transporting excess soil substrate outside the sampling tube. A rotating component is provided on the frame to drive the sampling shaft to rotate.

[0010] The depth adjustment component, located inside the frame and connected to the upper end of the sampling shaft, is used to adjust the depth of the geological matrix and the thickness of the sample.

[0011] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a mounting plate assembled inside the sampling cylinder, an electric push rod with two downward-pointing telescopic ends mounted on the mounting plate, a piston plate slidably disposed inside the sampling cylinder below the mounting plate, the piston plate slidably fitting against the inner side wall of the sampling cylinder, and the output end of the electric push rod connected to the piston plate.

[0012] Preferably, the outer side wall of the sampling cylinder is provided with multiple discharge ports circumferentially, and the discharge ports are located below the piston plate. The inner side wall of the sampling cylinder is provided with a sealing ring for closing the discharge ports, and the sealing ring is connected to the piston plate by multiple elastic connectors.

[0013] Preferably, the elastic connector includes an arc-shaped connecting plate, the lower end of which is connected to a closed ring, and the upper end of which is connected to an adapter rod. The upper end of the adapter rod slides through the piston plate and is provided with a protruding plate. An adjusting spring is provided between the protruding plate and the piston plate.

[0014] Preferably, the depth adjustment component includes a mounting ring that is rotatably fitted after the upper end of the sampling shaft extends out of the sampling cylinder. Two extension rods are symmetrically provided on the side wall of the mounting ring. A locking recess is provided on the side of the extension rod away from the mounting ring. A stopper is provided on the side wall of the return frame to cooperate with the locking recess to control the descent height of the sampling shaft.

[0015] Preferably, the stop component includes a strip-shaped hole on the side wall of the return frame, a longitudinal slide rail with a U-shaped cross section is embedded in the strip-shaped hole, the locking block slides in the longitudinal slide rail, a number of locking holes are equally spaced on the side wall of the longitudinal slide rail, and a U-shaped plate is slidably provided on the outside of the longitudinal slide rail through a T-shaped slide groove, the U-shaped plate slides longitudinally between the number of locking holes along the T-shaped slide groove.

[0016] Preferably, a slide rod is slidably provided on the U-shaped plate, a return spring is provided at one end of the slide rod away from the longitudinal slide rail, and a locking protrusion adapted to the locking hole is installed at the other end of the slide rod. The locking protrusion and the locking recess are inserted and engaged, and the two are magnetically attracted to each other.

[0017] Preferably, the sampling frame sidewall is provided with a second scale bar that cooperates with the return frame; the longitudinal slide rail sidewall is provided with a first scale bar that cooperates with the locking recess.

[0018] Preferably, a guide ring is detachably installed at the bottom notch of the sampling frame, and the sampling cylinder is slidably disposed within the guide ring.

[0019] Secondly, a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling method is provided, the sampling method comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1, Preparation: Install the guide ring, use the drive assembly to return the mold to the initial position, adjust the position of the U-shaped plate according to the sample thickness, so that the engaging protrusion disengages from the engaging hole to avoid accidental jamming;

[0021] The second step is sampling: the drive component drives the sampling cylinder to the predetermined depth, the U-shaped plate is adjusted to lock the end point of the spiral blade's descent, and the rotating component drives the spiral blade to break up soil and remove debris, thus completing the sample collection.

[0022] The third step is processing: the electric push rod retracts to create negative pressure inside the sampling tube to fix the sample, and the drive component runs in reverse to drive the sampling tube out of the surface matrix.

[0023] Step 4, Removal: The electric push rod extends to restore pressure balance, the depth adjustment component is released, and the sampling shaft and spiral blades push the sample out by their own weight.

[0024] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] I. This invention, through the engagement of the locking recess and the stop component of the depth adjustment component, allows for precise setting of the spiral blade descent height according to the first scale bar, thereby adjusting the sample thickness. Combined with the second scale bar on the sampling frame, it enables precise control of the depth to which the sampling tube penetrates the surface matrix. The combination of these two elements achieves dual precise adjustment of sampling depth and sample thickness, ensuring consistent depth and thickness for each sampling, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of sample collection.

[0026] Second, the electric push rod in the adjusting component of this invention drives the piston plate to move. After sampling, a negative pressure state can be formed inside the sampling cylinder to prevent the sample from falling off during the lifting process and ensure the integrity of the sample. The discharge port on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder can discharge excess soil matrix when the spiral blade rotates, and the sealing ring seals the discharge port after discharge to avoid sample accumulation and ensure sample purity.

[0027] Third, the debris collection component added to this invention, driven by an electric push rod, allows the collection cylinder to move, enabling the collection of debris at a specified depth after the complete sample has been collected. The conical structure at the bottom of the collection cylinder facilitates debris collection, and the detachable guide ring makes it easy to remove the collection cylinder. This enables diversified collection of samples of different shapes (complete samples and debris), expands the application scenarios of the device, and improves its practicality and flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling cylinder and adjusting component of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the depth adjustment component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stop component of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure between the adjusting component, the sampling shaft, and the spiral blades of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic connector of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the debris collection component of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram, 1. Sampling frame; 2. Return frame; 3. Drive assembly; 4. Sampling cylinder; 41. Sampling shaft; 42. Spiral blade; 5. Adjusting component; 6. Rotating component; 7. Depth adjustment assembly; 11. Guide ring; 301. Lead screw; 302. Motor 1; 701. Mounting ring; 702. Extension rod; 703. Engaging recess; 704. Stop component; 705. Longitudinal slide rail; 706. Insertion hole; 707. U-shaped plate; 708. Slide rod; 70 9. Return spring; 710. Engaging protrusion; 101. Second scale bar; 102. First scale bar; 601. Motor II; 602. Transmission rod; 501. Mounting plate; 502. Electric push rod I; 503. Piston plate; 504. Fixing sleeve; 505. Discharge port; 506. Sealing ring; 507. Arc-shaped connecting plate; 508. Adapter rod; 509. Adjusting spring; 801. Collection cylinder; 802. Top ring cover; 803. Electric push rod II. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following combination Figures 1-8 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device includes:

[0041] The sampling frame 1 is a rectangular frame structure, in which a return frame 2 is slidably installed. The sampling frame 1 is provided with a drive component 3 that drives the return frame 2 to move along its longitudinal direction.

[0042] The sampling cylinder 4 is installed at the bottom of the frame 2. The bottom of the sampling frame 1 has a notch for the sampling cylinder 4 to penetrate deep into the surface substrate for sampling. A sampling shaft 41 is rotatably mounted on the central axis of the sampling cylinder 4. A spiral blade 42 is provided at the bottom of the sampling shaft 41 for digging out excess soil substrate above the sample. An adjusting component 5 is provided at the top inside the sampling cylinder 4 for adjusting the pressure inside the sampling cylinder 4 when lifting the sample and for transporting excess soil substrate outside the sampling cylinder 4. A rotating component 6 is provided on the frame 2 to drive the sampling shaft 41 to rotate.

[0043] The depth adjustment component 7 is located inside the rotary frame 2 and connected to the upper end of the sampling shaft 41, and is used to adjust the depth of the geological matrix and the thickness of the sample.

[0044] During implementation, the drive component 3 controls the movement of the return frame 2 to drive the sampling cylinder 4 to penetrate deep into the surface matrix. When it penetrates to the predetermined depth, the depth adjustment component 7 is activated, and the preset spiral blade 42 descends to the predetermined height, which adjusts the thickness of the sample. Then, the rotating component 6 drives the sampling shaft 41 to rotate, and the spiral blade 42 digs the soil from top to bottom until it reaches the preset height of the spiral blade 42, thus obtaining a sample at the required depth. During this process, the adjustment component 5 discharges excess soil to prevent the sample from accumulating in the sampling cylinder 4 and to ensure the purity of the sample.

[0045] After sampling, the pressure inside the sampling cylinder 4 is first adjusted by the adjusting component 5 to create a negative pressure state above the sample, preventing the sample from falling out during the lifting process. Then, the drive assembly 3 reverses its direction, and the return frame 2 pulls the sampling cylinder 4 out of the surface matrix. The negative pressure state ensures that the sample does not scatter during the lifting process, ensuring sample integrity. Finally, the adjusting component 5 is reset to restore the pressure balance inside the sampling cylinder 4, and the depth adjustment component 7 is released, allowing the sampling shaft 41 and the spiral blade 42 to move downwards under their own weight, pushing the sample inside the sampling cylinder 4 to slide out smoothly, completing the sampling process.

[0046] See Figure 1As shown, a guide ring 11 is detachably installed at the bottom notch of the sampling frame 1. The sampling cylinder 4 is slidably placed inside the guide ring 11. The guide ring 11 ensures that the sampling cylinder 4 moves stably up and down and prevents it from tilting. In addition, the guide ring 11 is made of a highly wear-resistant material to extend its service life.

[0047] The sampling frame 1 has a slide rail hole on its side wall for longitudinal movement of the return frame 2, which ensures that the return frame 2 slides smoothly. The slide rail hole is lined with a friction-reducing material to reduce frictional resistance and improve movement accuracy.

[0048] Continue reading Figure 1 As shown, the drive assembly 3 includes two sets of lead screws 301, which are rotatably mounted on both sides of the sampling frame 1. The lead screws 301 are threaded through the return frame 2, and the longitudinal movement of the return frame 2 is controlled by the rotation of the lead screws 301. A motor 302 is mounted on the top of the sampling frame 1 through a motor mount. The output end of the motor 302 is connected to the two lead screws 301 through belt drive.

[0049] When motor 302 starts, it drives two sets of lead screws 301 to rotate synchronously through two sets of belt drives, thereby precisely controlling the lifting and lowering of the return frame 2, ensuring that the sampling cylinder 4 smoothly enters or exits the ground matrix, and improving sampling accuracy and efficiency.

[0050] See Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the depth adjustment assembly 7 includes a mounting ring 701 that is rotatably fitted after the upper end of the sampling shaft 41 extends out of the sampling cylinder 4. Two extension rods 702 are symmetrically provided on the side wall of the mounting ring 701. A locking recess 703 is provided on the side of the extension rod 702 away from the mounting ring 701. A stopper 704 is provided on the side wall of the return frame 2 to cooperate with the locking recess 703 to control the descent height of the sampling shaft 41.

[0051] Initially, the spiral blade 42 is at the lowest point of the sampling cylinder 4. At this time, the mounting ring 701, extension rod 702, and engaging recess 703 are at the lowest point of the return frame 2, which is also the lowest engaging position of the stop member 704. Figure 2 The state shown.

[0052] The stop component 704 includes a strip-shaped hole on the side wall of the return frame 2. A longitudinal slide rail 705 with a U-shaped cross section is embedded in the strip-shaped hole. The engaging recess 703 slides in the longitudinal slide rail 705. A number of engaging holes 706 are evenly spaced on the side wall of the longitudinal slide rail 705. A U-shaped plate 707 is slidably mounted on the outside of the longitudinal slide rail 705 through a T-shaped slide groove. The U-shaped plate 707 slides longitudinally between the number of engaging holes 706 along the T-shaped slide groove. A slide rod 708 is slidably mounted on the U-shaped plate 707. A return spring 709 is provided at one end of the slide rod 708 away from the longitudinal slide rail 705. An engaging protrusion 710 adapted to the engaging hole 706 is installed at the other end of the slide rod 708. The engaging protrusion 710 and the engaging recess 703 are inserted and engaged, and the two are magnetically attracted to each other.

[0053] When the sampling depth needs to be adjusted, the operator simply pulls the slide bar 708 to disengage the engaging protrusion 710 from the locking hole 706. The U-shaped plate 707 moves along the longitudinal slide rail 705 to a new position (this position is the height indicated by the required sample thickness after the sampling tube 4 penetrates to the specified depth into the surface matrix; since the spiral blade 42 is initially located at the bottom of the sampling tube 4, the distance between the spiral blade 42 and the bottom of the sampling tube 4 is the sample thickness, which is also the height difference of the U-shaped plate 707 from the bottom to the new position). Then, the slide bar 708 is reset, and the engaging protrusion 710 is repositioned. The sampling tube 4 is inserted into the new position of the insertion hole 706. However, during actual sampling, the sampling tube 4 first penetrates into the designated depth of the surface matrix before driving the spiral blade 42 to run. At this time, the spiral blade 42 is at the highest point inside the sampling tube 4. As the spiral blade 42 begins to rotate and descend, the soil sample inside the sampling tube 4 is gradually broken up and discharged until the spiral blade 42 moves down to the height corresponding to the new position of the insertion hole 706. At this time, under the magnetic attraction between the engagement protrusion 710 and the engagement concave block 703, the engagement protrusion 710 automatically engages in the engagement concave block 703, achieving precise stopping and ensuring consistent sampling depth.

[0054] To prevent the helical blade 42 from failing to reach its highest point relative to the sampling tube 4 at the beginning, i.e., when the sampling tube 4 begins to penetrate the surface matrix, due to the upward movement of the helical blade 42 relative to the sampling tube 4, causing the engaging concave block 703 to engage with the engaging protrusion 710 at the new position, thus preventing the helical blade 42 from reaching its highest point, the operator must adjust the engaging protrusion 710 to the predetermined engaging hole 706 after the sampling tube 4 has penetrated to the specified depth in the geological matrix. This ensures that the helical blade 42 descends from its highest point, precisely controlling the sampling thickness and improving the reliability of sample collection.

[0055] In addition, a gap is left between the upper end of the longitudinal slide rail 705 and the top of the strip hole to allow the U-shaped plate 707 to be removed from the longitudinal slide rail 705.

[0056] See Figure 1As shown, the sampling frame 1 has a second scale bar 101 on its side wall that cooperates with the swivel frame 2. The swivel frame 2 is driven to move along the second scale bar 101 by the drive component 3, thereby driving the sampling tube 4 to penetrate deeper into the ground surface matrix. The swivel frame 2 corresponds to the second scale bar 101. By observing the specific scale position of the swivel frame 2 on the second scale bar 101, the depth of the sampling tube 4 can be accurately determined, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of each sampling. At the same time, the markings on the second scale bar 101 correspond to the depth of the sampling tube 4, which facilitates the operator to quickly position and adjust, further improving sampling efficiency.

[0057] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the longitudinal slide rail 705 has a first scale bar 102 on its side wall that mates with the engaging recess 703. The scale on the first scale bar 102 corresponds to the position of the engaging recess 703. The operator can precisely adjust the position of the engaging protrusion 710 according to the scale on the first scale bar 102 to ensure consistent sample thickness each time and improve the accuracy of sample collection. At the same time, the design of the first scale bar 102 facilitates quick identification and adjustment by the operator. By using the precise position of the engaging protrusion 710 on the second scale bar 101, the current position of the spiral blade 42 can be determined, which is used to determine the thickness of the sample taken in the sampling cylinder 4, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the sampling data each time.

[0058] See Figure 3 As shown, the rotating component 6 includes a second motor 601, which is mounted on the top of the return frame 2. A sliding hole is provided on the upper axis of the sampling shaft 41. A transmission rod 602 is axially slidably provided in the sliding hole. The upper end of the transmission rod 602 is rotatably located on the top of the return frame 2 and connected to the output end of the second motor 601. An axial groove is provided on the side wall of the transmission rod 602, and an axial strip is provided in the sliding hole that slides with the axial groove.

[0059] When the spiral blade 42 is at the highest point of the sampling cylinder 4, the motor 601 starts, and the transmission rod 602 drives the sampling shaft 41 to rotate through the cooperation of the axial groove and the axial strip. The spiral blade 42 rotates accordingly. At the same time, under the action of the extension rod 702 with counterweight function and the mounting ring 701, the spiral blade 42 gradually descends during the rotation until the locking concave block 703 is inserted into the locking protrusion 710 at the new position. At this time, the sampling shaft 41 stops rotating, and the sample at the bottom of the spiral blade 42 in the sampling cylinder 4 is the sample of the collected thickness.

[0060] See Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the adjusting component 5 includes a mounting plate 501 assembled inside the sampling cylinder 4. Two electric push rods 502 with downward telescopic ends are mounted on the mounting plate 501. A piston plate 503 is slidably disposed inside the sampling cylinder 4 below the mounting plate 501. The piston plate 503 is slidably attached to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 4, and the output end of the electric push rod 502 is connected to the piston plate 503. A fixed sleeve 504 is installed on the central axis between the top of the sampling cylinder 4 and the mounting plate 501. The sampling shaft 41 is slidably disposed inside the fixed sleeve 504.

[0061] After sampling is completed, the electric push rod 502 retracts, the piston plate 503 rises, and the space below the piston plate 503 in the sampling cylinder 4 is expanded, and the space inside is under negative pressure. This causes the sample in the sampling cylinder 4 to stick tightly to the piston plate 503 under the action of negative pressure, preventing the sample from slipping out of the sampling cylinder 4.

[0062] The outer side wall of the sampling cylinder 4 is provided with multiple discharge ports 505, and the discharge ports 505 are located below the piston plate 503. The inner side wall of the sampling cylinder 4 is provided with a sealing ring 506 for closing the discharge ports 505. The sealing ring 506 and the piston plate 503 are connected by multiple elastic connectors.

[0063] The elastic connector includes an arc-shaped connecting plate 507. The lower end of the arc-shaped connecting plate 507 is connected to a closed ring 506, and the upper end is connected to an adapter rod 508. The upper end of the adapter rod 508 slides through the piston plate 503 and is provided with a protruding plate. An adjusting spring 509 is provided between the protruding plate and the piston plate 503.

[0064] During the rotation and descent of the spiral blade 42 driven by the rotating component 6, the spiral blade 42 breaks the sample in the sampling cylinder 4 from top to bottom, and the broken sample is discharged from the sampling cylinder 4 through the discharge port 505. After the discharge is completed, the electric push rod 502 is started again, pulling the piston plate 503 upward. At the same time, the piston plate 503, under the action of the adapter rod 508, the arc connecting plate 507, and the adjusting spring 509, drives the sealing ring 506 upward, sealing the discharge port 505 and ensuring that a sealed space is formed in the sampling cylinder 4. Then the piston plate 503 continues to move upward, and the adapter rod 508 will push against the bottom of the mounting plate 501, so that the sealing ring 506 remains stationary. At this time, the adjusting spring 509 is compressed, and the piston plate 503 slides on the adapter rod 508 until the piston plate 503 moves to the highest position. At this time, a negative pressure is formed in the sampling cylinder 4, ensuring that the sample is in close contact with the piston plate 503 and preventing slippage.

[0065] It should be noted that the adapter rod 508 and the piston plate 503 are slidably fitted together via a sealing ring to prevent air leakage and ensure a negative pressure effect. The upper end of the arc-shaped connecting plate 507 limits the shortest distance between the piston plate 503 and the closing ring 506.

[0066] Example 2:

[0067] See Figure 8 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 4 is provided with a debris collection component. The debris collection component includes a collection cylinder 801 that is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 4. The bottom of the collection cylinder 801 is a conical structure. A top cap 802 is detachably installed on the top of the collection cylinder 801. An auxiliary support plate is symmetrically provided at the middle of the bottom side of the return frame 2. An electric push rod 803 with the output axis pointing downward is installed on the auxiliary support plate. The output end of the electric push rod 803 is detachably connected to the top cap 802.

[0068] When it is necessary to collect sample fragments at a specified depth, after the sampling operation in Example 1, the sample thickness at the specified depth is complete. In order to collect sample fragments at that depth, firstly, as the spiral blade 42 continues to rotate, it drives the sampling cylinder 4 to continue to move downward. The spiral blade 42 will move upward relative to the sampling cylinder 4 until all the sample fragments above that depth are discharged, and then the collection of sample fragments at that depth begins.

[0069] During operation, the electric push rod 803 is activated, pushing the top ring cover 802 and the collection cylinder 801 downwards until the discharge port 505 is located inside the collection cylinder 801. At this time, the spiral blade 42 continues to rotate, spirally crushing the sample at the specified depth and conveying it upwards to the discharge port 505, where it is then collected in the collection cylinder 801, where the sample fragments gradually accumulate.

[0070] After completion, the electric push rod 803 reverses its direction, and the top ring cover 802 and the collection cylinder 801 move upward and reset. In order to smoothly remove the sample fragments from the collection cylinder 801, the guide ring 11 at the bottom notch of the sampling frame 1 is removed, so that the collection cylinder 801 can slide out smoothly through the notch, making it easier to remove the sample fragments.

[0071] In addition, this application also provides a depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling method, the sampling method including the following steps:

[0072] Step 1, Preparation: Install guide ring 11, use drive assembly 3 to adjust frame 2 back to the initial position, adjust the position of U-shaped plate 707 according to sample thickness, so that locking protrusion 710 disengages from locking hole 706 to avoid accidental locking.

[0073] The second step is sampling: the drive component 3 drives the sampling cylinder 4 to the predetermined depth, the U-shaped plate 707 is adjusted to lock the spiral blade 42 at the end point of descent, and the rotating component 6 drives the spiral blade 42 to break up soil and remove debris, thus completing the sample collection.

[0074] The third step is processing: the electric push rod 502 retracts to create negative pressure inside the sampling cylinder 4 to fix the sample, and the drive component 3 runs in reverse, causing the sampling cylinder 4 to exit the surface matrix.

[0075] Step 4, Removal: The electric push rod 502 extends to restore pressure balance, the depth adjustment component 7 is released, and the sampling shaft 41 and the spiral blade 42 push out the sample by their own weight.

[0076] Step 5, Finishing: Clean the device and reset all components; if fragments are needed, the electric push rod 803 works with the collection cylinder 801 to collect and remove the fragments.

[0077] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and not restrictive.

[0078] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device, characterized in that, include: The sampling frame (1) is a rectangular frame structure, and a sliding frame (2) is installed inside it. The sampling frame (1) is provided with a driving component (3) that drives the sliding frame (2) to move along its longitudinal direction. The sampling tube (4) is installed at the bottom of the frame (2). The bottom of the sampling frame (1) has a notch for the sampling tube (4) to penetrate the surface substrate for sampling. A sampling shaft (41) is rotatably provided on the central axis of the sampling tube (4). A spiral blade (42) is provided at the bottom of the sampling shaft (41) for digging out excess soil substrate above the sample. An adjusting component (5) is provided at the top of the sampling tube (4) for adjusting the pressure inside the sampling tube (4) when lifting the sample and transporting excess soil substrate outside the sampling tube (4). A rotating component (6) is provided on the frame (2) to drive the sampling shaft (41) to rotate. The depth adjustment component (7) is located inside the frame (2) and connected to the upper end of the sampling shaft (41) to adjust the depth of the geological matrix and the thickness of the sample. The adjusting component (5) includes a mounting plate (501) assembled inside the sampling cylinder (4). Two electric push rods (502) with downward telescopic ends are mounted on the mounting plate (501). A piston plate (503) is slidably provided inside the sampling cylinder (4) below the mounting plate (501). The piston plate (503) is slidably attached to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder (4), and the output end of the electric push rod (502) is connected to the piston plate (503). The depth adjustment assembly (7) includes an installation ring (701) that is rotatably fitted after the upper end of the sampling shaft (41) extends out of the sampling cylinder (4). Two extension rods (702) are symmetrically provided on the side wall of the installation ring (701). A locking recess (703) is provided on the side of the extension rod (702) away from the installation ring (701). A stopper (704) is provided on the side wall of the return frame (2) to cooperate with the locking recess (703) to control the descent height of the sampling shaft (41).

2. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side wall of the sampling cylinder (4) is provided with multiple discharge ports (505), and the discharge ports (505) are located below the piston plate (503). The inner side wall of the sampling cylinder (4) is provided with a sealing ring (506) for sealing the discharge ports (505). The sealing ring (506) and the piston plate (503) are connected by multiple elastic connectors.

3. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic connector includes an arc-shaped connecting plate (507), the lower end of which is connected to a closed ring (506), and the upper end is connected to an adapter rod (508). The upper end of the adapter rod (508) slides through a piston plate (503) and is provided with a protruding plate. An adjusting spring (509) is provided between the protruding plate and the piston plate (503).

4. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stop component (704) includes a strip-shaped hole on the side wall of the return frame (2), a longitudinal slide rail (705) with a U-shaped cross section is embedded in the strip-shaped hole, the locking block (703) slides in the longitudinal slide rail (705), a number of locking holes (706) are equally spaced on the side wall of the longitudinal slide rail (705), and a U-shaped plate (707) is slidably provided on the outside of the longitudinal slide rail (705) through a T-shaped slide groove, and the U-shaped plate (707) slides longitudinally between the number of locking holes (706) along the T-shaped slide groove.

5. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A slide rod (708) is slidably provided on the U-shaped plate (707). A return spring (709) is provided at one end of the slide rod (708) away from the longitudinal slide rail (705). A locking protrusion (710) adapted to the locking hole (706) is installed at the other end of the slide rod (708). The locking protrusion (710) and the locking recess (703) are inserted and engaged, and the two are magnetically attracted to each other.

6. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sampling frame (1) has a second scale bar (101) on its side wall that cooperates with the return frame (2); the longitudinal slide rail (705) has a first scale bar (102) on its side wall that cooperates with the locking recess (703).

7. The depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling frame (1) has a guide ring (11) that can be detachably installed at the bottom notch, and the sampling cylinder (4) is slidably placed inside the guide ring (11).

8. A method for depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling, using the depth-adjustable surface matrix sampling device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Sampling method Includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation: Install guide ring (11), use drive assembly (3) to adjust the frame (2) back to the initial position, adjust the position of U-shaped plate (707) according to sample thickness, so that the locking protrusion (710) disengages from the locking hole (706) to avoid accidental locking; The second step is sampling: the driving component (3) drives the sampling tube (4) to the predetermined depth, the U-shaped plate (707) is adjusted to lock the spiral blade (42) to the end point of descent, and the rotating part (6) drives the spiral blade (42) to break up the soil and remove debris, thus completing the sample collection; The third step is processing: the electric push rod (502) retracts to form a negative pressure inside the sampling tube (4) to fix the sample, and the drive component (3) runs in reverse to drive the sampling tube (4) out of the surface matrix; Step 4, take out: the electric push rod (502) extends to restore pressure balance, releases the depth adjustment component (7), and the sampling shaft (41) and spiral blade (42) push out the sample by their own weight.

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