High-speed tunnel slope monitoring method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a highway tunnel slope monitoring method and device, and relates to the technical field of slope monitoring methods, and the method comprises the steps: determining a plurality of crack features according to a form diagram of a slope; a plurality of monitoring areas are determined based on a plurality of crack characteristics and division of a side slope area, broken stone sliding paths of the plurality of monitoring areas are determined according to real-time monitoring of the plurality of monitoring areas, the plurality of monitoring areas are introduced, and the plurality of monitoring areas are monitored in real time. A plurality of slope protection areas are determined according to the multiple gravel sliding paths and the corresponding gravel specifications; in the slope monitoring of the expressway tunnel, the protection grades of a plurality of slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel sizes of the plurality of slope protection areas and the gravel density coefficients of the plurality of slope protection areas, and the protection grades of the corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slope. Real-time monitoring of a plurality of slope protection areas and dynamic optimization of protection levels of the slope protection areas are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring methods, and in particular to a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method and device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, high-speed tunnels are applied to people's lives. They generally exist in mountains and pass through the mountains. The two sides of the tunnel entrance of the high-speed tunnel serve as slopes. The slopes are part of the mountain and have a certain slope. In the existing technology, gravel will slide down along the slope. The slope is monitored in stages rather than in real time. At the same time, the accuracy of the gravel sliding path on the slope cannot be guaranteed, affecting the dynamic safety of the high-speed tunnel slope. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and the present invention provides a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method and device.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method, comprising:

[0005] Collect tunnel entrance images of high-speed tunnels and determine the slope area based on the tunnel entrance images;

[0006] Determine a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and determine multiple crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope;

[0007] Determining multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and determining gravel slide paths in the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas;

[0008] Determine multiple slope protection areas based on multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications;

[0009] In the slope monitoring of high-speed tunnels, the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel size and gravel density coefficient of multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slopes.

[0010] An embodiment of the present invention provides a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device, which is applied to the above-mentioned high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device includes:

[0011] The slope area module is used to collect tunnel entrance images of high-speed tunnels and determine the slope area based on the tunnel entrance images;

[0012] A crack feature module is used to determine a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and to determine a plurality of crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope;

[0013] A gravel sliding path module is used to determine multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and to determine the gravel sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas;

[0014] A slope protection area module is used to determine multiple slope protection areas according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications;

[0015] The protection level module is used to determine the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas based on the gravel size and gravel density coefficient of multiple slope protection areas in the slope monitoring of high-speed tunnels, and optimize the protection level of the corresponding slope protection area based on the abnormal image of the slope.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In an embodiment of the present invention, through the method in the embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel entrance image of the high-speed tunnel is collected, and the slope area is determined based on the tunnel entrance image; the slope morphology diagram is determined based on the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and multiple crack characteristics are determined based on the slope morphology diagram; multiple monitoring areas are determined based on the multiple crack characteristics and the division of the slope area, and the gravel sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas are determined based on the real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas. Multiple monitoring areas are introduced, and the multiple monitoring areas are monitored in real time to ensure the accuracy of the gravel sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas.

[0018] Therefore, multiple slope protection areas are determined according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications; in the slope monitoring of the high-speed tunnel, the protection levels of the multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel sizes and gravel density coefficients of the multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slopes, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of multiple slope protection areas and dynamic optimization of the protection levels of the slope protection areas, thereby further improving the protection strength of the slope protection areas to ensure the dynamic safety of the slopes of the high-speed tunnels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 1 is a flow chart of step S11 in the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 1 is a flow chart of step S12 in the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 1 is a flow chart of step S13 in the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 1 is a flow chart of step S14 in the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 1 is a flow chart of step S15 in the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 7 A high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method is applied to high-speed tunnel slope monitoring scenarios; the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method includes:

[0028] Step S11: collecting a tunnel entrance image of a high-speed tunnel, and determining a slope area based on the tunnel entrance image;

[0029] Step S12: determining a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and determining a plurality of crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope;

[0030] Step S13: determining a plurality of monitoring areas based on the plurality of crack characteristics and the division of the slope area, and determining the gravel sliding paths of the plurality of monitoring areas according to real-time monitoring of the plurality of monitoring areas;

[0031] Step S14: determining multiple slope protection areas according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications;

[0032] Step S15: During the slope monitoring of the high-speed tunnel, the protection levels of the multiple slope protection areas are determined based on the gravel sizes and gravel density coefficients of the multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas are optimized based on the abnormal images of the slopes.

[0033] refer to Figure 2,In step S11, a tunnel entrance image of a high-speed tunnel is collected, and a slope area is determined based on the tunnel entrance image;

[0034] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the specific steps are:

[0035] S111: The drone patrols the highway tunnel and stops at the outer helipad of the tunnel entrance. The drone takes a photo of the highway tunnel entrance using a camera on the outer helipad of the tunnel entrance to collect an image of the highway tunnel entrance.

[0036] S112: determining a plurality of sub-regions based on image segmentation of the tunnel entrance image, and determining a plurality of slope features based on identification of the plurality of sub-regions;

[0037] S113: Determine the slope area according to the relative positions of the multiple slope features, the slopes of the multiple slope features, and the arc size of the tunnel entrance. In this case, the multiple slope features are arranged along the circumference of the tunnel entrance and have a certain slope.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, a drone patrols in a high-speed tunnel and stays on the outer apron of the tunnel entrance. The camera on the outer apron of the tunnel entrance takes pictures of the tunnel entrance of the high-speed tunnel to collect the image of the tunnel entrance of the high-speed tunnel, thereby introducing the image of the tunnel entrance of the high-speed tunnel.

[0039] At this time, when inspecting in the tunnel, the drone needs to adopt autonomous flight mode or remote control flight mode; the autonomous flight mode usually relies on a preset flight route and obstacle avoidance algorithm to ensure that the drone can pass through the tunnel safely and efficiently; during the inspection process, the drone will record the internal environment data of the tunnel in real time, such as lighting conditions, temperature, humidity, etc. This data is of reference value for subsequent image processing and slope stability analysis.

[0040] Alternatively, consider a highway tunnel located in a mountainous area. Due to geological and climatic conditions, the tunnel slope stability presents a certain risk. To monitor the slope stability, a drone inspection method is used to collect data. In an open area near the tunnel entrance, the drone prepares for takeoff, checks the battery level, calibrates the sensors, and plans a flight path through the tunnel. After takeoff, the drone autonomously flies along the pre-set route, conducting inspections through the tunnel.

[0041] The helipad is usually located outside the tunnel entrance, away from traffic flow lines, to ensure that the drone will not interfere with traffic when landing; the helipad should be flat and free of obstacles to facilitate the safe landing of the drone; before landing, the drone will perform a series of landing preparation actions, such as deceleration, adjusting flight altitude and attitude, etc.; when landing, the drone usually adopts automatic landing mode or remote control landing mode to ensure a smooth and safe landing process.

[0042] The cameras on the apron usually have high resolution and wide-angle field of view to ensure that they can capture a complete image of the tunnel entrance; the cameras should also have functions such as automatic exposure and autofocus to adapt to different lighting conditions; after the drone lands and stabilizes, the camera will start the shooting function to shoot the tunnel entrance; during the shooting process, the camera will adjust the exposure and focus in real time to ensure the clarity and integrity of the image; optionally, after the shooting is completed, the image data will be stored in the camera's built-in memory or transmitted to a remote server via the network for storage and analysis.

[0043] Optionally, after completing the inspection mission, the drone returns to the tunnel entrance according to the planned route and lands safely on the outer helipad; the helipad is located on one side of the tunnel entrance, away from the traffic flow line, ensuring the safety of the landing process.

[0044] After the drone landed and stabilized, the camera on the apron started shooting and took a picture of the tunnel entrance. The camera has high resolution and wide-angle field of view, successfully capturing a complete image of the tunnel entrance. During the shooting process, the camera automatically adjusted the exposure and focus to ensure the clarity and integrity of the image. After the shooting is completed, the image data is transmitted to a remote server for storage and analysis.

[0045] Furthermore, multiple sub-regions are determined based on the image segmentation of the tunnel entrance image, and multiple slope features are determined based on the identification of the multiple sub-regions, thereby achieving the identification of multiple sub-regions and ensuring the accuracy of the multiple slope features.

[0046] At this time, before image segmentation, it is usually necessary to preprocess the tunnel entrance image, including denoising, contrast enhancement, color correction, etc., to improve image quality and facilitate subsequent processing; image segmentation can be carried out using methods such as grid segmentation, feature point segmentation, and superpixel segmentation; grid segmentation is to evenly divide the image into several small areas; feature point segmentation is to divide the image according to the feature points in the image (such as corner points and edge points); superpixel segmentation is to divide the image into several pixel blocks with similar color, texture and other features; according to the selected segmentation method, the tunnel entrance image is divided into multiple sub-areas; the size, shape and number of these sub-areas depend on the choice of segmentation method and the complexity of the image.

[0047] Optionally, assuming that we have obtained a preprocessed image of the tunnel entrance, we will then perform image segmentation and slope feature recognition. Using a grid partitioning method, the tunnel entrance image is evenly divided into 10x10 small areas (i.e., 100 sub-areas). The size of each sub-area depends on the image resolution and the parameter settings of the partitioning method.

[0048] In each sub-area, image processing algorithms are used to extract slope features. These features may include cracks, spalling, vegetation cover, soil erosion, etc. Feature extraction algorithms may include edge detection, morphological processing, color analysis, texture analysis, etc. The extracted features need to be further identified to determine whether they are slope features. This can be done by comparing them with a preset feature library or using machine learning algorithms for classification and identification. After identifying the slope features, they are marked on the image and their location, size, shape and other attribute information are recorded. This information is of great significance for subsequent slope stability analysis and protection design.

[0049] Optionally, in the first sub-area, an edge detection algorithm is used to identify an obvious crack; this crack extends from the top of the tunnel entrance to the middle of the slope, with a length of about 2 meters and a width of about 0.1 meters; in the second sub-area, a vegetation-covered area is identified through morphological processing and color analysis algorithms; this area is located at the top of the slope, with an area of about 1 square meter and a dark green color, indicating that the vegetation is growing well; in other sub-areas, image processing algorithms are also used to identify slope features such as spalling and soil erosion, and their location, size, shape and other attribute information are recorded; through this process, we can determine multiple slope features in the tunnel entrance image and provide data support for subsequent slope stability analysis and protection design; these feature information can help engineers understand the current status of the slope, predict potential risk areas, and formulate corresponding protection measures.

[0050] Therefore, the slope area is determined according to the relative positions of multiple slope features, the slopes of multiple slope features, and the arc size of the tunnel entrance. At this time, multiple slope features are arranged along the circumference of the tunnel entrance and have a certain slope, which is compatible with the overall consideration of the relative positions of multiple slope features, the slopes of multiple slope features, and the arc size of the tunnel entrance, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the slope area.

[0051] At this point, a suitable coordinate system is established for the tunnel entrance image so that the position of each slope feature in the image can be accurately described; this coordinate system usually takes the center point of the tunnel entrance as the origin and the longitudinal and transverse directions of the tunnel as the coordinate axes.

[0052] The position of each slope feature is marked in the coordinate system. This can be done by manually marking on the image or automatically detecting it using image processing algorithms. Based on the marked positions, the relative position of each slope feature relative to other features or the center point of the tunnel entrance is calculated. This relative position information helps to understand the spatial distribution and mutual relationship of slope features.

[0053] Slope refers to the degree of inclination of a slope feature relative to the horizontal plane. In tunnel portal images, slope can be estimated by measuring the angle between the slope feature and the horizontal line. The slope of each slope feature is measured using image processing algorithms or manual measurement tools. This usually involves identifying and fitting the edges of the slope feature and calculating the angle between the fitted line and the horizontal line. The measured slope values are recorded and associated with the corresponding slope feature. This slope information is crucial for assessing slope stability.

[0054] The arc dimensions of the tunnel entrance usually include parameters such as arc length and radius; these parameters can be obtained through field measurements or using information in design documents; the scope of the slope area can be defined by combining the relative position and slope information of the slope features and the arc dimensions of the tunnel entrance; this range should cover all slope features and take into account the impact of the arc structure of the tunnel entrance on the slope stability; at the same time, after the preliminary definition of the slope area, it may be necessary to make fine adjustments based on actual conditions; for example, if a slope feature has a large slope or a special location, it may be necessary to include it in the slope area or adjust the boundary of the area.

[0055] Specifically, assuming we have completed the preprocessing of the tunnel entrance image and the identification of slope features, we will then determine the slope area based on these features. In the coordinate system, we have marked the locations of five slope features; these features include three cracks, one vegetation-covered area, and one soil erosion area. By calculating the relative positions, we find that these features are mainly distributed on both sides and the top of the tunnel entrance, and the distance and angle relationships between them follow a certain pattern.

[0056] We used image processing algorithms to measure the slope of each slope feature. For example, the first crack had a slope of 30 degrees, and the second crack had a slope of 45 degrees. The slope in the vegetated area was smaller (close to 0 degrees), while the slope in the soil erosion area was larger (over 60 degrees). This slope information indicates that the slopes on both sides of the tunnel entrance may have some instability factors and require special attention.

[0057] We measured the arc length and radius of the tunnel entrance, and combined the relative position and slope information of the slope features to define the approximate scope of the slope area; within this range, we included all slope features and considered the impact of the arc structure of the tunnel entrance on the slope stability; for example, at the top of the tunnel entrance, we appropriately expanded the scope of the slope area to cover the additional stress area that may be caused by the arc structure; finally, we fine-tuned the slope area to ensure its accuracy and practicality; this slope area will serve as the basis for subsequent slope stability analysis and protection design.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present application, the slope area is determined based on the relative positions and slopes of multiple slope features and the arc size of the tunnel entrance; the slope feature matching table is shown in Table 1:

[0059] Table Slope feature matching table

[0060] Slope feature number Relative position description Slope (degree) Tunnel entrance arc matching 1 Middle left side of the tunnel entrance 30 high 2 Top edge of tunnel entrance 15 middle 3 Lower right side of the tunnel entrance 45 high 4 Lower left side of the tunnel entrance 25 middle 5 Middle right side of the tunnel entrance 35 high

[0061] Relative position description: Based on the coordinate system of the tunnel entrance, the position of each slope feature is described, such as "the middle of the left side of the tunnel entrance"; Slope: The angle between each slope feature and the horizontal plane is measured in degrees; Tunnel entrance arc matching: Based on the arc size of the tunnel entrance, the matching degree between each slope feature and the arc structure is evaluated, and it is divided into three levels: "high", "medium" and "low".

[0062] At this point, according to the slope feature matching table, we can include slope features with high matching degrees (such as features 1, 3, and 5) into the main part of the slope area; features with medium matching degrees (such as features 2 and 4) can be used as the secondary part or boundary area of the slope area based on their position and slope information; features with low matching degrees may not belong to the slope area or require further evaluation.

[0063] refer to Figure 3 In step S12, a morphological diagram of the slope is determined according to the slope of the slope region and the surface morphology of the slope region, and a plurality of crack features are determined according to the morphological diagram of the slope;

[0064] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the specific steps are:

[0065] S121: determining a plurality of slopes based on the slope detection of the slope region, wherein the plurality of slopes correspond to different positions of the slope region;

[0066] S122: determining corresponding surface morphologies based on detection of regions corresponding to the plurality of slopes, and determining a slope morphology diagram based on the surface morphologies of the regions corresponding to the plurality of slopes and the slope region, the slope morphology diagram representing the surface morphology of the slope;

[0067] S123: Detecting the morphological diagram of the slope, determining a plurality of notches based on the detection of the morphological diagram of the slope, and determining a plurality of crack features based on the shapes of the plurality of notches and surface cracks around the notches, wherein the plurality of crack features respectively have corresponding crack sizes, and determining an impact level of the crack features based on the positions of the plurality of crack features and the corresponding crack sizes.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present application, multiple slopes are determined based on slope detection of the slope area. The multiple slopes correspond to different positions of the slope area. Multiple slopes are introduced to further divide the slope area.

[0069] At this time, before conducting slope detection, it is necessary to first divide the slope area reasonably; this can be done based on factors such as the slope's geometry, geological conditions, potential sliding surfaces, etc.; the purpose of division is to divide the slope into several small areas so that independent slope detection can be performed on each small area.

[0070] Prepare the equipment and tools required for slope detection, such as total stations, laser rangefinders, levels, tilt sensors, etc.; these devices can accurately measure the inclination angle of the slope surface; determine the method of slope detection, including direct measurement (such as using tilt sensors) and indirect measurement methods (such as calculating the slope by measuring elevation changes).

[0071] At the same time, representative measuring points are selected in each small area of the slope area; these points should be evenly distributed to reflect the slope of the entire small area; use the prepared equipment and tools to measure the slope of each measuring point; record the slope value of each measuring point, including the slope direction and tilt angle; organize and analyze the measured slope data; calculate the average slope, maximum slope and minimum slope and other indicators of each small area; draw a slope distribution map of the slope area based on the slope data; this map can intuitively show the slope changes at different locations of the slope.

[0072] Specifically, suppose we have a slope located in a mountainous area with a length of about 100 meters and a height of about 30 meters. To evaluate the stability of the slope, we conducted a slope test and divided the slope into five longitudinal sections, each of which was about 20 meters long. At the same time, each section was further divided into several transverse sections for more detailed slope measurements.

[0073] A total station and a level, as well as necessary measuring poles and record books were prepared; it was decided to adopt the direct measurement method, that is, using a tilt sensor to measure the inclination angle of the slope surface; in each small area, 5 representative measuring points were selected; these points were located at the top, middle and bottom of the slope, as well as the edges on both sides; the slope of each measuring point was measured using the total station and tilt sensor; the inclination direction and tilt angle of each measuring point were recorded.

[0074] The measured slope data were collated and analyzed; the average slope, maximum slope, and minimum slope of each small area were calculated; a slope distribution map of the slope area was drawn, showing the slope changes at different locations on the slope; at the same time, the slope results were interpreted, and it was found that the slope in the middle of the slope was larger, reaching about 45 degrees; while the slopes at the top and bottom of the slope were relatively smaller, about 30 degrees; the reasons for the slope changes were analyzed, and it was believed that the larger slope in the middle may be due to the more complex geological structure of the area and the influence of long-term weathering; based on the slope results, the stability of the slope was evaluated; it was believed that the central area of the slope had a high landslide risk and that corresponding control measures needed to be taken.

[0075] Furthermore, the corresponding surface morphology is determined based on the detection of the areas corresponding to the multiple slopes, and the morphological schematic diagram of the slope is determined based on the surface morphology of the areas corresponding to the multiple slopes and the slope area. The morphological schematic diagram of the slope presents the surface morphology of the slope; it is compatible with the surface morphology of the areas corresponding to the multiple slopes and the overall consideration of the slope area, ensuring the accuracy of the morphological schematic diagram of the slope.

[0076] At this point, after completing the slope detection, each slope value is associated with its corresponding slope area; this means that we need to know at which specific location on the slope each slope value was measured; based on the size and distribution of the slope values, the surface morphology of the slope is preliminarily inferred; areas with larger slopes may indicate steeper slopes, while areas with smaller slopes may indicate flatter slopes.

[0077] Conduct on-site surveys and directly observe the surface morphology of the slope; pay attention to check for cracks, peeling, uneven vegetation coverage, etc.; if conditions permit, use remote sensing technology (such as drone aerial photography, satellite imagery, etc.) to obtain a large-scale view of the slope to assist in determining the overall shape of the slope.

[0078] Prepare drawing tools, such as CAD software, GIS system or hand-drawing tools, to draw a schematic diagram of the slope's shape; determine the scale, legend and annotation specifications of the schematic diagram to ensure the accuracy and readability of the schematic diagram; at the same time, draw a schematic diagram of the slope's shape in the drawing tool based on the slope data and on-site survey results; the schematic diagram should clearly show the slope's contours, slope changes, surface features, etc.; mark key locations in the schematic diagram, such as slope extreme points, potential sliding surfaces, crack locations, etc., for subsequent analysis; compare and verify the drawn morphological diagram with the actual on-site situation to ensure the accuracy of the diagram; if it is found that the schematic diagram is significantly different from the actual situation, it should be adjusted until the schematic diagram can truly reflect the surface morphology of the slope.

[0079] Specifically, suppose we have a slope located in a mountainous area. We have completed the slope detection and obtained the slope value of each area. Now, we need to determine the surface morphology of the slope based on these slope values and draw a morphological diagram. We found that the slope value in the middle of the slope is larger, reaching about 45 degrees, while the slope values at the top and bottom of the slope are smaller, about 30 degrees. We preliminarily infer that the middle of the slope is steeper, while the top and bottom are relatively flat.

[0080] Our on-site investigation revealed significant cracks and peeling in the middle of the slope, while the top and bottom were well covered with vegetation and the surface was relatively intact. Using drones to obtain a wide-area view of the slope, we discovered that the slope was generally concave, with a deeper depression in the middle. We selected CAD software as our drawing tool and set a scale of 1:100. We also defined legends and annotation specifications, such as using different colors to represent areas of different slopes and lines to indicate crack locations.

[0081] Using CAD software, we drew a schematic diagram of the slope's morphology based on the slope data and on-site survey results. The diagram shows a deep depression in the middle of the slope, a steep slope, and obvious cracks and spalling. Key locations, such as the slope extremes and crack locations, were marked in the diagram. We compared the drawn morphological diagram with the actual site conditions and found that the diagram truly reflects the slope's surface morphology. Without requiring adjustment, the morphological diagram can be used for subsequent slope stability analysis and control plan design.

[0082] Therefore, the morphological diagram of the slope is detected, and multiple gaps are determined based on the detection of the morphological diagram of the slope. Multiple crack features are determined based on the shapes of the multiple gaps and surface cracks around the gaps. The multiple crack features have corresponding crack sizes. The influence levels of the crack features are determined based on the positions of the multiple crack features and the corresponding crack sizes. This takes into account the overall consideration of the positions of the multiple crack features and the corresponding crack sizes, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the influence level of the crack features.

[0083] At this point, carefully examine the slope morphology diagram, paying particular attention to areas that show unusual or irregular shapes; these areas may be potential gap or crack locations; use specialized image analysis software or manual methods to conduct a detailed visual inspection of the diagram to identify any possible signs of gaps or cracks.

[0084] Mark the locations of all identified gaps on the morphological diagram; these gaps may be caused by geological movement, weathering or human factors; record the location information of each gap, including its position relative to the entire slope and its relative position to other gaps.

[0085] Carefully observe the surface cracks around each notch; information such as the shape, length, width and depth of the cracks is crucial for understanding the characteristics of the cracks; use measuring tools (such as tape measures, microscopes, etc.) to accurately measure the size of the cracks and record them; determine the crack characteristics of each notch based on the shape of the notch and the analysis results of the surrounding cracks; crack characteristics may include the type of crack (such as tension cracks, shear cracks, etc.), crack direction, crack opening, etc.; assign a unique identifier to each crack feature to facilitate subsequent analysis and recording.

[0086] Based on the location of the crack features and the corresponding crack size, the impact level of each crack on the slope stability is evaluated; this may require considering factors such as the relationship between the crack and the potential sliding surface, the impact of the crack on the overall structure of the slope, etc. The crack impact level is divided into several categories, such as "high impact", "medium impact" and "low impact", and specific evaluation criteria and thresholds are set for each category.

[0087] Specifically, suppose we have a morphological diagram of the slope and have completed the preliminary identification of the gaps; now, we need to further analyze these gaps, determine the crack characteristics, and evaluate their impact level; on the morphological diagram, we found an obvious gap in the middle of the slope, which has an irregular shape and obvious cracks on the edges; we mark the position of this gap on the diagram and record its position information relative to the entire slope; the gap is located in the concave area in the middle of the slope, adjacent to several other smaller gaps.

[0088] After carefully observing the cracks around the gap, we found that the cracks were about 2 meters long, about 0.1 meters wide, and about 0.5 meters deep; the cracks showed obvious tensile crack characteristics, and there was filling inside the cracks; based on the analysis results of the cracks, we determined that the crack characteristics of this gap were tensile cracks, the direction of which was consistent with the inclination direction of the slope, and the opening degree was moderate; a unique identifier was assigned to this crack feature, such as "crack-001".

[0089] Considering that the crack is located in the depressed area in the middle of the slope and is adjacent to other gaps, we assess the impact level of this crack on the slope stability as "medium impact"; the crack may aggravate the erosion process of the slope and increase the risk of landslide; based on our assessment criteria and thresholds, we describe the characteristics of "medium impact" cracks as: crack length greater than 1 meter, width greater than 0.05 meters, and located in key positions on the slope (such as depressed areas, near potential sliding surfaces, etc.); by detailed inspection of the morphological diagram, determining the crack characteristics, and evaluating its impact level, we can more accurately understand the potential risks of the slope and provide a scientific basis for subsequent treatment work.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present application, different weights are given according to the position of the crack relative to the overall structure of the slope; for example, cracks close to the potential sliding surface have a higher weight, while cracks located at the edge of the slope have a lower weight; the actual size of the crack is compared with a preset size range and a corresponding score is given; the score range can be adjusted according to actual conditions; the position weight of each crack feature is multiplied by the length, width, and depth scores, and then the sum is obtained to obtain a total score; according to the total score range, the crack features are divided into different impact levels, such as "high impact", "medium impact" and "low impact".

[0091] refer to Figure 4 In step S13, multiple monitoring areas are determined based on multiple crack characteristics and the division of slope areas, and the debris sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas are determined based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas;

[0092] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the specific steps are:

[0093] S131: constructing a corresponding slope coordinate system in the slope region, and determining position coordinates of the plurality of crack features in the slope coordinate system according to positions of the plurality of crack features relative to the slope region;

[0094] S132: collecting the impact levels of multiple crack features, and determining multiple monitoring areas based on the location coordinates of the multiple crack features, the impact levels of the multiple crack features, and the slope area. Adjusting the orientations of multiple cameras on the outer apron based on the relative positions of the multiple monitoring areas to detect the multiple monitoring areas in real time.

[0095] S133: Determine the sliding process of gravel in the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas, present the gravel sliding paths in the multiple monitoring areas based on the sliding process of the gravel in the multiple monitoring areas, and conduct targeted monitoring on the gravel sliding paths to trace the source location of the gravel.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present application, a corresponding slope coordinate system is constructed in the slope area, and the position coordinates of multiple crack features in the slope coordinate system are determined based on the positions of the multiple crack features relative to the slope area, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the position coordinates of the multiple crack features.

[0097] At this time, the origin of the coordinate system is established at a fixed point in the slope area (such as a corner of the slope or a clear geological feature point); this origin should be easy to identify and locate and within the monitoring range of the slope; the X-axis and Y-axis of the coordinate system are determined according to the direction, inclination direction and possible sliding surface direction of the slope; usually, the X-axis can be along the direction of the slope, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis and points in the inclination direction of the slope.

[0098] Use surveying tools (such as total stations, GPS surveying instruments, etc.) to set a series of control points on the slope. These control points will be used to determine the position of each point on the slope. Based on the position of the control points and the definition of the coordinate system, the coordinates of each control point in the slope coordinate system are calculated. Through these control points, a coordinate system grid covering the entire slope area can be established.

[0099] Identify and record the locations of crack features on the slope. This can be accomplished through on-site surveys, remote sensing image analysis, or drone aerial photography. For each crack feature, use a measuring tool (such as a tape measure or rangefinder) to measure its distance and direction relative to a control point in the slope coordinate system. Based on the measurement results and the definition of the slope coordinate system, calculate the location coordinates of each crack feature in the slope coordinate system. Record the location coordinates of each crack feature in a data table, including the crack feature identifier, location coordinates (X, Y), crack type, size, and other information. Store the data table in a computer database to facilitate subsequent data analysis and monitoring.

[0100] Specifically, suppose we have a slope located in a mountainous area and need to locate and monitor crack characteristics. We select a prominent geological feature point in the lower left corner of the slope as the origin (assuming it is point A). We determine that the X-axis follows the direction of the slope and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis and points in the direction of the slope's inclination (assuming the slope inclines to the upper right).

[0101] Five control points (B, C, D, E, and F) were set on the slope, and their positions were measured using a total station. The coordinates of each control point in the slope coordinate system were calculated (for example, the coordinates of point B are (10, 20), the coordinates of point C are (20, 30), etc.). Based on these control points, a coordinate system grid covering the entire slope area was established.

[0102] Three crack features (G, H, and I) were identified on the slope, and their distances and directions relative to control point B were measured using a rangefinder. For example, crack G was 15 meters from control point B and oriented 30 degrees north-east; crack H was 25 meters from control point B and oriented 60 degrees north-east; and crack I was 20 meters from control point C and oriented 45 degrees north-west. Based on the measurement results and the definition of the slope coordinate system, the position coordinates of each crack feature in the slope coordinate system were calculated (for example, the coordinates of point G were (17.5, 25.4), the coordinates of point H were (26.3, 37.9), and the coordinates of point I were (12.7, 28.3)). The position coordinates of crack features G, H, and I, as well as information such as crack type and size, were recorded in a data table. The data table was stored in a computer database to facilitate subsequent data analysis and monitoring.

[0103] Furthermore, the influence levels of multiple crack features are collected, and multiple monitoring areas are determined based on the position coordinates of the multiple crack features, the influence levels of the multiple crack features, and the slope areas. The directions of multiple cameras on the outer apron are adjusted according to the relative positions of the multiple monitoring areas to detect the multiple monitoring areas in real time. The position coordinates of multiple crack features, the influence levels of multiple crack features, and the overall consideration of the slope areas are compatible to ensure the accuracy of multiple monitoring areas.

[0104] At this time, the impact level of the crack features is collected, and the slope is divided into multiple monitoring areas based on the location coordinates and impact level of the crack features, as well as the overall geological conditions and stability assessment of the slope area; each monitoring area should contain at least one crack feature with a higher impact level, and consider factors such as the potential sliding surface, geological weak surface, and terrain changes of the slope; the boundaries of the monitoring area should be clearly defined, and the range and accuracy of camera monitoring should be taken into account to ensure the effectiveness of monitoring.

[0105] Optionally, assume that we have a slope area, have identified several crack features and their impact levels, and plan to use the camera on the outer apron for real-time monitoring; assume that we have three crack features: crack A (high impact level, located in the middle of the slope, close to the potential sliding surface), crack B (medium impact level, located in the upper part of the slope, irregular shape), crack C (low impact level, located in the lower part of the slope, shorter length); this information has been recorded in the database and used for subsequent monitoring area division; according to the location and impact level of the crack features, we divide the slope into three monitoring areas: Area 1 (including crack A, high risk area), Area 2 (including crack B, medium risk area), Area 3 (including crack C, low risk area); the boundaries of each monitoring area are defined according to the location of the crack features and the monitoring range of the camera to ensure that nothing is missed.

[0106] Determine the optimal orientation and position of the cameras on the outer apron based on the relative positions of the monitoring areas. Use an adjustable pan / tilt or rotating camera to adjust the camera's viewing angle and focal length as needed to ensure each monitoring area is clearly and continuously monitored. Consider the camera's coverage, overlapping areas, and blind spots to ensure that there are no omissions between monitoring areas, and optimize the camera layout to maximize monitoring efficiency.

[0107] After initially setting the camera orientation, conduct field verification to check the monitoring effect of each monitoring area; if the monitoring effect is found to be poor or there are blind spots, adjust the camera orientation and position in a timely manner until the monitoring requirements are met; record the final orientation and position information of the camera and store it in the database for subsequent maintenance and adjustment.

[0108] Optionally, we installed three cameras (camera 1, camera 2, and camera 3) on the outer apron; camera 1 faces area 1 to ensure that crack A and its surrounding areas can be clearly monitored; camera 2 faces area 2 and adjusts the viewing angle to cover crack B and its potential impact range; camera 3 faces area 3. Although the impact level of crack C is lower, it still needs to be monitored to ensure the overall stability of the slope; the pan-tilt head is used to adjust the focus and viewing angle of the camera to ensure that each monitoring area can be clearly and continuously monitored.

[0109] Conduct field verification to check the monitoring effect of each camera; find that the viewing angle of camera 2 needs to be fine-tuned to better cover the potential impact range of crack B; adjust the orientation and focal length of camera 2 until the monitoring requirements are met; record the final orientation and position information of the camera and store it in the database.

[0110] Therefore, based on the real-time monitoring of multiple monitoring areas, the sliding process of gravel in multiple monitoring areas is determined, and the gravel sliding path of multiple monitoring areas is presented according to the sliding process of gravel in multiple monitoring areas. Targeted monitoring is carried out on the gravel sliding path to trace the source position of the gravel and further control the source position of the gravel. At the same time, multiple monitoring areas are introduced and real-time monitoring is carried out on multiple monitoring areas to ensure the accuracy of the gravel sliding path of multiple monitoring areas.

[0111] At this time, real-time monitoring is carried out using cameras installed in the slope monitoring area to capture and record the sliding process of the gravel on the slope; the monitoring video is analyzed to identify the position where the gravel starts to slide, the sliding speed, direction, and the morphological changes during the sliding process; key time points are recorded, such as the moment when the gravel starts to slide, the acceleration or deceleration stage during the sliding process, and the final stop or accumulation position.

[0112] Alternatively, suppose we find a video recording of gravel sliding in the slope monitoring area and want to trace the source of the gravel by analyzing the video; through the video captured by the camera, we can see that the gravel starts to slide from a certain position on the slope, rolls down along an obvious path, and finally accumulates in an area at the bottom of the slope; analyzing the video, we record the moment when the gravel starts to slide (such as 10 am), the acceleration stage during the sliding process (such as when the gravel passes a steep slope), and the final stopping position (such as the accumulation area at the bottom of the slope).

[0113] Based on the monitored gravel sliding process, use GIS (geographic information system) or other mapping software to draw the sliding path of the gravel; mark key nodes on the sliding path, such as the sliding starting point, turning point, acceleration point, deceleration point and final accumulation area; use visual elements such as color or line thickness to indicate the speed change or energy release during the gravel sliding process.

[0114] Alternatively, using GIS software, we drew a sliding path based on the debris sliding process in the video and marked key nodes on the path, such as the sliding starting point, acceleration point, and final accumulation area;

[0115] We use different colors to represent the speed changes during the gravel sliding process, such as red for high-speed sliding areas and blue for low-speed or stopped areas.

[0116] Conduct a detailed analysis of the debris landslide path to identify potential danger zones and critical control points. Based on the analysis results, adjust the camera's monitoring strategy and focal length to ensure higher frequency or higher resolution monitoring of critical areas along the debris landslide path. Deploy additional monitoring equipment (such as displacement sensors, inclinometers, etc.) at critical control points to obtain more accurate data.

[0117] Combining the analysis results of the debris landslide path with the on-site investigation, the source location of the debris was traced; considering factors such as the geological conditions of the slope, crack characteristics, potential sliding surfaces, and historical landslide records, the source of the debris was comprehensively determined; further monitoring and investigation were carried out near the source location to confirm the source of the debris and assess its impact on slope stability.

[0118] Optionally, after analyzing the landslide path, we found that the gravel accelerated significantly when passing a steep slope, so we adjusted the focus of the camera to this area to obtain clearer images and a higher monitoring frequency; we also deployed displacement sensors below the slope to monitor the deformation of the area in real time; combined with the analysis results of the landslide path and on-site investigation, we found that the source of the gravel was located near a crack in the middle of the slope; after further investigation, we confirmed that this crack was caused by long-term rainfall and groundwater erosion, and the width and depth of the crack were gradually increasing; we believe that this crack is the direct cause of the gravel sliding, and recommend reinforcement treatment near the crack to prevent similar gravel sliding incidents from happening again.

[0119] refer to Figure 5 In step S14, multiple slope protection areas are determined according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications;

[0120] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the specific steps are:

[0121] S141: Marking the position of a corresponding gravel in a plurality of gravel sliding paths based on tracing back each gravel sliding path, determining the size of the gravel according to the position of the gravel and the corresponding image, and determining the specification of the corresponding gravel according to the size and shape of the gravel;

[0122] S142: Marking the specifications of each gravel to the corresponding gravel sliding path, and determining multiple slope protection areas based on the matching of multiple gravel sliding paths and slope areas;

[0123] S143: Perform protection control on multiple slope protection areas and arrange corresponding protection plans according to the specifications of corresponding gravel.

[0124] In an embodiment of the present application, among multiple gravel sliding paths, the position of the corresponding gravel is marked based on the tracing of each gravel sliding path, and the size of the gravel is determined according to the position of the gravel and the corresponding image, and the specification of the corresponding gravel is determined according to the size of the gravel and the shape of the gravel, thereby achieving further control of the specifications of the gravel.

[0125] At this point, among the multiple gravel sliding paths, it is first necessary to trace the sliding trajectory of each gravel; this usually relies on real-time monitoring data, such as video records captured by cameras or displacement information provided by sensors; once the final resting position of the gravel is determined, it needs to be marked on a map or in the actual environment; optionally, a GPS coordinate system can be used to accurately locate the position of the gravel, or it can be directly marked on the image; if on-site conditions permit, physical markers such as flags and labels can also be set.

[0126] After marking the location of the gravel, image data of that location needs to be obtained, usually through photos or video screenshots taken by a high-definition camera; then, image processing technology or manual measurement methods are used to determine the size of the gravel in the image; optionally, image processing technology may include edge detection, contour extraction, size measurement algorithms, etc.; manual measurement methods may involve direct measurement on the image using rulers, measuring tools, etc.

[0127] Gravel is divided into different specifications based on its actual size and form (such as shape, surface characteristics, etc.); the specification classification standards may vary depending on the application scenario, such as gravel for construction may be classified by particle size, while gravel for roads may be classified by shape and strength; optionally, preset specification classification standards, such as diameter, length, width, thickness and other parameters, can be used to classify gravel into corresponding specifications; this may require a combination of professional knowledge and experience.

[0128] Specifically, suppose that in a mountain slope monitoring project, we installed multiple cameras to capture the process of gravel sliding. Through the camera video, we observed a piece of gravel sliding down the slope and stopping in a low-lying area. Using the GPS positioning function, we determined the precise coordinates of the location where the gravel stopped and marked it on the map.

[0129] We captured clear photos of the location where the gravel stopped from the camera; using image processing software, we measured the diameter of the gravel in the photo, and after correction, we obtained the actual diameter of the gravel (for example, 30 cm); according to project requirements, we preset the specification classification standards for gravel, such as small gravel with a diameter less than 20 cm, medium gravel with a diameter between 20-50 cm, and large gravel with a diameter greater than 50 cm; comparing the gravel diameter we measured (30 cm) with the specification classification standards, we found that this gravel belongs to medium-sized gravel.

[0130] Furthermore, the specifications of each gravel are marked to the corresponding gravel sliding path, and multiple slope protection areas are determined based on the matching of multiple gravel sliding paths and slope areas; the overall consideration of the matching of multiple gravel sliding paths and slope areas is compatible to ensure the accuracy of multiple slope protection areas.

[0131] At this point, after the specifications of each gravel have been determined, these specification information needs to be marked on the corresponding gravel sliding path; this helps to understand the distribution and sliding trend of gravel of different specifications on the slope; optionally, the gravel specifications can be marked on the sliding path in the form of color coding, digital labels or symbols on a map or GIS (geographic information system) platform to ensure that the specifications of each gravel accurately correspond to its sliding path.

[0132] After marking the gravel specifications and landslide paths, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between these paths and the slope areas to determine which areas are potential landslide risk areas and require key protection; optionally, using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the gravel landslide path map and the slope geological map can be superimposed to identify areas with frequent gravel landslides and fragile geological conditions; these areas will be designated as key areas for slope protection; when determining the protection area, in addition to considering the gravel landslide path, it is also necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the slope's geological structure, groundwater conditions, vegetation coverage, and historical landslide records.

[0133] Specifically, suppose that in a mountain highway slope monitoring project, we have completed step S141, determined the specifications of each gravel, and marked them on the corresponding landslide path; on the GIS platform, we imported the gravel specification data and landslide path data; using color coding, we marked small gravel as green, medium-sized gravel as yellow, and large gravel as red; on the map, we can see that lines of different colors represent the landslide paths of gravel of different specifications. The brighter the color, the larger the gravel specification and the higher the potential risk.

[0134] We superimposed the debris landslide path map with the slope geological map and found that the red (large debris) landslide paths are mainly concentrated in the middle and upper parts of the slope. The geological conditions in these areas are relatively fragile, with obvious faults and cracks. Combined with historical landslide records, we found that these areas have experienced multiple landslide events in the past few years. Therefore, we have designated these areas as key areas for slope protection and plan to implement reinforcement projects in these areas, such as setting up retaining walls, installing anchor rods, and conducting drainage treatment.

[0135] Therefore, a protection scheme was introduced by carrying out protection control on multiple slope protection areas and arranging corresponding protection schemes according to the specifications of corresponding crushed stones.

[0136] At this time, after the slope protection areas are determined, these areas need to be strictly controlled to ensure the effective implementation of protection measures and the stability of the slopes; optionally, a slope monitoring system can be established, including the installation of sensors (such as displacement sensors, stress sensors, etc.) and cameras to monitor the deformation of the slope and the dynamics of the gravel in real time; at the same time, warning signs and fences can be set up to restrict people from entering the dangerous areas.

[0137] Based on the specifications of the gravel and the geological conditions of the slope protection area, targeted protection plans are designed and implemented. Optionally, for small gravel, flexible protection measures such as vegetation slope protection and grid slope protection may be adopted; for medium-sized gravel, structural protection measures such as retaining walls and anchor supports may need to be set up; for large gravel, more complex protection measures may need to be adopted, such as gravity retaining walls and anti-slip piles.

[0138] Specifically, suppose that in a mountain highway slope protection project, we have completed step S142, determined the slope protection area, and understood the specifications of the gravel; installed displacement sensors and cameras around the slope protection area to monitor the deformation of the slope and the dynamics of the gravel in real time; set up warning signs and fences to restrict people from entering the danger zone, and inform nearby residents and passing vehicles to pay attention to safety; formulated a slope management plan, including regular monthly inspections, maintenance and repair of protection measures, and a comprehensive assessment every six months; established an emergency plan, including a landslide early warning system (triggered when the displacement sensor detects abnormal deformation), an emergency evacuation plan and a collaboration mechanism with local rescue departments.

[0139] In areas where small-scale gravel slides are frequent, we adopted a flexible protection measure combining vegetation and grid-type slope protection. We planted herbs and shrubs to increase slope stability, while using a grid structure to stabilize soil and gravel. In areas with medium-sized gravel slides, we installed retaining walls and anchor support. Retaining walls, constructed of concrete or stone, effectively prevent the slide of gravel. Anchor support provides additional support through anchor rods driven into the ground. In high-risk areas for large-scale gravel slides, we adopted a combination of gravity retaining walls and anti-slide piles. Gravity retaining walls rely on their own weight to provide stability, while anti-slide piles provide anti-slide resistance through piles driven deep into the ground.

[0140] In one embodiment of the present application, in order to further refine the selection of protection solutions, a protection solution weighted score matching table is shown in Table 2:

[0141] Table 2 Protection scheme weighted score matching table

[0142]

[0143] In this example, Option B has the highest weighted score (8.5) and is therefore selected as the optimal protection option.

[0144] refer to Figure 6 In step S15, during the slope monitoring of the high-speed tunnel, the protection levels of the multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the crushed stone sizes and the crushed stone density coefficients of the multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slopes;

[0145] In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the specific steps are:

[0146] S151: Real-time monitoring of the slopes of the high-speed tunnel is performed to collect dynamic gravel. The corresponding slope protection areas are matched according to the sliding paths of the dynamic gravel. Gravel from multiple slope protection areas is collected and marked in size.

[0147] S152: In each slope protection area, determining a gravel density coefficient of the slope protection area according to the sizes and corresponding positions of multiple gravels, thereby introducing the gravel density coefficients of multiple slope protection areas;

[0148] S153: Determine the gravel impact levels of the multiple slope protection areas based on the gravel density coefficients and the slopes of the multiple slope protection areas, and determine the protection levels of the multiple slope protection areas based on the gravel impact levels and the protection level mapping; at the same time, collect abnormal images of the slopes, and determine abnormal gravel based on the detection of abnormal images of the slopes, and optimize the protection level of the corresponding slope protection areas according to the changes of each abnormal gravel.

[0149] In an embodiment of the present application, the slopes of high-speed tunnels are monitored in real time, dynamic gravel is collected, and corresponding slope protection areas are matched according to the sliding paths of the dynamic gravel, so as to collect gravel from multiple slope protection areas and mark the size of the gravel.

[0150] At this time, a sensor network is installed on the slope of the high-speed tunnel, including but not limited to displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, tilt sensors, video surveillance cameras, etc.; these sensors can monitor the slight deformation and vibration of the slope and the dynamic changes of gravel in real time; the sensors transmit the real-time monitored data to the central monitoring center for processing and analysis through a specially designed software system.

[0151] Video surveillance cameras are used to capture the dynamics of gravel on the slope, and image recognition technology is used to automatically detect the appearance, movement, and sliding of gravel. At the same time, combined with sensor data, such as sudden changes in accelerometers, it can assist in determining the activity status of gravel. For each piece of gravel identified, its time of appearance, location, size (which can be estimated through image measurement technology) and a preliminary judgment of the sliding path are recorded.

[0152] Using GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, combined with the gravel sliding trajectory captured by the camera and sensor data, the gravel sliding path is accurately tracked; the tracked gravel sliding path is matched with the preset slope protection area map to determine the protection area where the gravel will eventually slide.

[0153] For each slope protection area, all identified gravel information is summarized, including the size, quantity, sliding path, etc. of the gravel; the real-time monitoring process is carried out continuously to ensure that the gravel information in the slope protection area is updated in real time to reflect the latest slope conditions; according to the size of the gravel, it is divided into different categories such as small, medium, and large.

[0154] Specifically, suppose we deploy a complete real-time monitoring system on a slope in a high-speed tunnel. After the system is started, displacement sensors and acceleration sensors begin to monitor the slope's tiny deformations and vibrations in real time. At the same time, video surveillance cameras capture dynamic changes on the slope surface.

[0155] One day, a camera captured a medium-sized piece of gravel sliding down from a high slope. Using image recognition technology, the system automatically detected the presence and size of the gravel (estimated to be medium-sized) and preliminarily determined its sliding path. Using GIS technology, the system tracked the gravel as it slid along the predetermined sliding path and eventually stopped within slope protection area A.

[0156] The system records the information of this medium-sized gravel, including the time of appearance, location, size and sliding path, and summarizes it in the information record of slope protection area A; in the information record of slope protection area A, this gravel is clearly marked as "medium-sized" to facilitate subsequent analysis and processing of the gravel size.

[0157] Furthermore, in each slope protection area, the gravel density coefficient of the slope protection area is determined according to the sizes and corresponding positions of multiple gravels, so as to introduce the gravel density coefficients of multiple slope protection areas.

[0158] At this time, the information of gravel in each slope protection area is collected from the real-time slope monitoring system, including the size (such as diameter, volume, etc.), location (such as latitude and longitude coordinates or location description relative to a reference point) and time of appearance of the gravel; the collected gravel information is cleaned to remove duplicate, erroneous or invalid data to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data.

[0159] According to the size of the gravel, a set of classification standards is formulated, such as dividing the gravel into small (less than 10cm in diameter), medium (10-30cm in diameter), large (greater than 30cm in diameter), etc.; according to the formulated classification standards, the collected gravel information is classified and processed, and each piece of gravel is assigned a corresponding size category.

[0160] Clarify the boundaries of each slope protection area to ensure the consistency of the calculation area; within each slope protection area, calculate the density of gravel based on the size and quantity of gravel; this can be achieved by calculating indicators such as the number, total volume or total mass of gravel per unit area; in order to more accurately reflect the density of gravel, the size distribution of gravel can also be considered for weighted calculation.

[0161] Within each slope protection area, the density of the crushed stone is calculated based on its size and quantity. This can be achieved by calculating indicators such as the number, total volume, or total mass of the crushed stone per unit area. To more accurately reflect the density of the crushed stone, a weighted calculation can also be performed, taking into account the size distribution of the crushed stone. Based on the established coefficient standard, a crushed stone density coefficient is assigned to each slope protection area. This coefficient will serve as an important basis for assessing slope stability and formulating protective measures. The calculated crushed stone density coefficient will be integrated into the slope stability assessment system or database for subsequent analysis and application. The crushed stone density coefficient, as an important indicator, can be fully utilized in slope stability assessment, protective measure formulation, and monitoring plan adjustments to improve the scientific nature and effectiveness of slope management.

[0162] Specifically, suppose that in the slope protection area A of a certain highway tunnel, we have collected the following gravel information: Gravel 1: small, location (X1, Y1), time T1; Gravel 2: medium, location (X2, Y2), time T2; Gravel 3: large, location (X3, Y3), time T3.

[0163] The above gravel information is aggregated and cleaned to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data; according to the established classification standards, gravel 1 is classified as small, gravel 2 is classified as medium, and gravel 3 is classified as large; within the slope protection area A, based on the size and quantity of the gravel, the number of gravel per unit area is calculated to be N pieces / square meter, and the total volume is V cubic meters / square meter, etc. (specific indicators are determined according to actual needs).

[0164] According to the established coefficient standard, if the number of gravel per unit area is greater than M pieces / square meter, the gravel density coefficient is "high"; if it is between N pieces / square meter and M pieces / square meter, the gravel density coefficient is "medium"; if it is less than N pieces / square meter, the gravel density coefficient is "low"; according to the calculation results, the gravel density coefficient of slope protection area A is "medium"; the calculated gravel density coefficient of "medium" is integrated into the slope stability assessment system as an important basis for subsequent assessment of slope stability and formulation of protection measures; in subsequent analysis, corresponding monitoring and protection measures can be taken for slope protection area A with a "medium" gravel density coefficient, such as increasing monitoring frequency, strengthening inspections, setting up protection nets, etc., to ensure the stability and safety of the slope.

[0165] Therefore, the gravel influence levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel density coefficients and the slopes of the slope protection areas, and the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel influence levels and the protection level mapping; at the same time, abnormal images of the slopes are collected, and abnormal gravel is determined based on the detection of abnormal images of the slopes, and the protection level of the corresponding slope protection areas is optimized according to the changes of each abnormal gravel, thereby ensuring the dynamic optimization of the protection level of the slope protection areas. At the same time, real-time monitoring of multiple slope protection areas and dynamic optimization of the protection level of the slope protection areas are realized, thereby further improving the protection strength of the slope protection areas and ensuring the dynamic safety of the slopes of the high-speed tunnels.

[0166] At this time, the gravel density coefficient is combined with the slope of the slope protection area to evaluate the impact of gravel on slope stability. The gravel density coefficient reflects the amount and distribution of gravel, while the slope determines the possibility and speed of gravel sliding. By taking these two factors into consideration, a gravel impact level assessment standard can be formulated. Optionally, first, based on historical data, gravel impact levels (such as low, medium, and high) are assigned to different gravel density coefficients and slope combinations. Then, for each slope protection area, the corresponding gravel impact level is found in the assessment standard according to its gravel density coefficient and slope.

[0167] After the gravel impact level is determined, the next step is to determine the protection level of each slope protection area based on a predefined protection level mapping relationship. This mapping relationship is usually based on the gravel impact level and other possible slope stability factors (such as geological conditions, rainfall, etc.). A protection level mapping table is developed, which lists the protection levels corresponding to different gravel impact levels. For each slope protection area, the corresponding protection level is found in the mapping table according to its gravel impact level.

[0168] Use video surveillance cameras or other image acquisition equipment to capture abnormal images of the slope. These abnormal images may include signs of cracks, slip surfaces, collapses, etc. Optionally, install high-definition cameras on the slope and set timers or event triggers to shoot. The captured images are transmitted to the central monitoring center via the network for storage and analysis. Use image recognition technology to identify abnormal gravel from the abnormal images. These abnormal gravel may be gravel with abnormal size, abnormal position or abnormal quantity.

[0169] Based on the changes in abnormal gravel (such as increase in quantity, size, location movement, etc.), the protection level of the slope protection area is optimized. This may involve increasing the monitoring frequency, strengthening inspections, setting up additional protection measures, etc. Optionally, a feedback mechanism is established to automatically or manually trigger the protection level optimization process when abnormal gravel is identified. This may involve updating the protection level mapping table, adjusting the monitoring plan, or deploying additional protection equipment.

[0170] Specifically, let's assume that we have deployed a complete real-time monitoring system on a slope in a highway tunnel and set the following mapping between the gravel impact assessment criteria and the protection level:

[0171] Gravel impact level assessment criteria:

[0172] Low: gravel density coefficient <0.3 and slope <30°; Medium: 0.3≤gravel density coefficient≤0.6 and 30°≤slope≤45°; High: gravel density coefficient >0.6 or slope >45°.

[0173] Protection level mapping relationship:

[0174] Low impact level → low protection level (routine monitoring); medium impact level → medium protection level (enhanced monitoring, regular inspections); high impact level → high protection level (intensive monitoring, setting up protection nets, emergency response plans).

[0175] One day, the camera captured an unusually large piece of gravel in slope protection area A, and the gravel density coefficient in the area increased from 0.4 to 0.5 (still within the medium impact level range). However, due to geological changes, the slope increased from 35° to 46° (entering the high impact level range). As the slope increased to 46°, the gravel impact level of slope protection area A changed from "medium" to "high". According to the protection level mapping relationship, the protection level of slope protection area A was upgraded from "medium" to "high". The camera continued to capture abnormal images of the slope for subsequent analysis and recording. Using image recognition technology, the location and size of the unusually large gravel were confirmed. Since the gravel impact level of slope protection area A had been upgraded to "high", we immediately implemented high-level protection measures, including increasing monitoring frequency, strengthening inspections, setting up protective nets, and formulating an emergency response plan to deal with possible slope instability events.

[0176] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 : is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention; the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device includes:

[0177] The slope area module 21 is used to collect tunnel entrance images of high-speed tunnels and determine the slope area based on the tunnel entrance images;

[0178] The crack feature module 22 is used to determine a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and to determine a plurality of crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope;

[0179] A gravel sliding path module 23 is used to determine multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and to determine gravel sliding paths in the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas;

[0180] The slope protection area module 24 is used to determine multiple slope protection areas according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications;

[0181] The protection level module 25 is used to determine the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas according to the gravel sizes and gravel density coefficients of multiple slope protection areas in the slope monitoring of the high-speed tunnel, and optimize the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas according to the abnormal images of the slopes.

[0182] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method, characterized in that: include: Collect tunnel entrance images of high-speed tunnels and determine the slope area based on the tunnel entrance images; Determine a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and determine multiple crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope; Determining multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and determining gravel slide paths in the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas; Determine multiple slope protection areas based on multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications; In the slope monitoring of high-speed tunnels, the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel size and gravel density coefficient of multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slopes.

2. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting of the tunnel entrance image of the high-speed tunnel and determining the slope area according to the tunnel entrance image includes: The drone patrols the high-speed tunnel and stops at the outer helipad of the tunnel entrance. The drone takes photos of the tunnel entrance based on the camera on the outer helipad of the tunnel entrance to collect images of the tunnel entrance. Determining a plurality of sub-regions based on image segmentation of the tunnel entrance image, and determining a plurality of slope features based on identification of the plurality of sub-regions; The slope area is determined according to the relative positions of the multiple slope features, the slopes of the multiple slope features, and the arc size of the tunnel entrance. In this case, the multiple slope features are arranged along the circumference of the tunnel entrance and have a certain slope.

3. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining a slope morphology diagram according to the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and determining a plurality of crack features according to the slope morphology diagram, includes: Determining a plurality of slopes based on the slope detection of the slope region, wherein the plurality of slopes correspond to different positions of the slope region; Determining corresponding surface morphologies based on detection of regions corresponding to the plurality of slopes, and determining a slope morphology diagram based on the surface morphologies of the regions corresponding to the plurality of slopes and the slope region, the slope morphology diagram presenting the surface morphology of the slope; The morphological diagram of the slope is detected, and multiple gaps are determined based on the detection of the morphological diagram of the slope. Multiple crack features are determined based on the shapes of the multiple gaps and surface cracks around the gaps. The multiple crack features have corresponding crack sizes. The impact level of the crack features is determined based on the positions of the multiple crack features and the corresponding crack sizes.

4. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and the division of slope areas, and determining the gravel sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas according to real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas, includes: Constructing a corresponding slope coordinate system in the slope region, and determining position coordinates of the plurality of crack features in the slope coordinate system according to positions of the plurality of crack features relative to the slope region; The impact levels of multiple crack features are collected, and multiple monitoring areas are determined based on the location coordinates of the multiple crack features, the impact levels of the multiple crack features, and the slope areas. The directions of multiple cameras on the outer apron are adjusted according to the relative positions of the multiple monitoring areas to detect the multiple monitoring areas in real time.

5. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and determining gravel slide paths in the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas, further comprising: Based on the real-time monitoring of multiple monitoring areas, the sliding process of the gravel in the multiple monitoring areas is determined, the sliding paths of the gravel in the multiple monitoring areas are presented according to the sliding process of the gravel in the multiple monitoring areas, and the gravel sliding paths are targetedly monitored to trace the source position of the gravel.

6. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining multiple slope protection areas according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications includes: In multiple gravel sliding paths, the position of the corresponding gravel is marked based on the tracing of each gravel sliding path, and the size of the gravel is determined according to the position of the gravel and the corresponding image, and the specification of the corresponding gravel is determined according to the size of the gravel and the shape of the gravel.

7. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of determining a plurality of slope protection areas according to a plurality of gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications further includes: Marking the specifications of each gravel to the corresponding gravel sliding path, and determining multiple slope protection areas based on the matching of multiple gravel sliding paths and slope areas; Carry out protection control on multiple slope protection areas, and arrange corresponding protection plans according to the specifications of corresponding gravel.

8. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the slope monitoring of a high-speed tunnel, the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined according to the gravel sizes and gravel density coefficients of the multiple slope protection areas, and the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas are optimized according to the abnormal images of the slopes, including: Real-time monitoring of the slopes of high-speed tunnels, collecting dynamic gravel, and matching the corresponding slope protection areas according to the sliding path of the dynamic gravel. Gravel is collected from multiple slope protection areas and marked with gravel size; In each slope protection area, the gravel density coefficient of the slope protection area is determined according to the sizes and corresponding positions of multiple gravels, so as to introduce the gravel density coefficients of multiple slope protection areas.

9. The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method of determining protection levels of multiple slope protection areas according to the gravel sizes and gravel density coefficients of the multiple slope protection areas in the slope monitoring of the high-speed tunnel, and optimizing the protection levels of the corresponding slope protection areas according to abnormal images of the slopes, further includes: The gravel influence levels of multiple slope protection areas are determined based on their gravel density coefficients and the slopes of the slope protection areas, and the protection levels of the multiple slope protection areas are determined based on the gravel influence levels and protection level mapping. At the same time, abnormal images of the slopes are collected, and abnormal gravel is determined based on the detection of abnormal images of the slopes. The protection level of the corresponding slope protection area is optimized according to the changes in each abnormal gravel.

10. A high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device, characterized in that: The high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device is applied to the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the high-speed tunnel slope monitoring device includes: The slope area module is used to collect tunnel entrance images of high-speed tunnels and determine the slope area based on the tunnel entrance images; A crack feature module is used to determine a morphological diagram of the slope according to the slope of the slope area and the surface morphology of the slope area, and to determine a plurality of crack features according to the morphological diagram of the slope; A gravel sliding path module is used to determine multiple monitoring areas based on multiple crack characteristics and slope area divisions, and to determine the gravel sliding paths of the multiple monitoring areas based on real-time monitoring of the multiple monitoring areas; A slope protection area module is used to determine multiple slope protection areas according to multiple gravel sliding paths and corresponding gravel specifications; The protection level module is used to determine the protection levels of multiple slope protection areas based on the gravel size and gravel density coefficient of multiple slope protection areas in the slope monitoring of high-speed tunnels, and optimize the protection level of the corresponding slope protection area based on the abnormal image of the slope.

Images