Testing device and method capable of efficiently testing ablation resistance of heat insulation sample

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device capable of efficiently testing ablation resistance of a heat insulation sample, which comprises a shell, a protective heat insulation layer, a heat insulation layer sample, a sample clamp and a sealing device, and is characterized in that the shell is used for simulating a real engine combustion chamber so as to provide a combustion environment for fuel gas and incoming flow air in a test; a plurality of mounting holes are distributed in the side wall of the shell, the protective heat-insulating layer is formed on the inner wall of the shell, and test holes which are matched with heat-insulating layer samples and are in one-to-one correspondence with the mounting holes are formed in the protective heat-insulating layer; the heat insulation layer sample is arranged in the test hole by penetrating through the mounting hole through the sample clamp, and the heat insulation layer sample is fixed and the mounting hole is sealed through the sealing device. The device is safe and reliable in structural design and stable in performance, a plurality of different heat insulation layer samples can be tested in a single test, the test efficiency of the ablation resistance of the thermal protection material can be remarkably improved, and the device has extremely high engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid rocket engines, and in particular to a testing device and method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of an insulation sample. Background Art

[0002] As an advanced propulsion system, solid rocket ramjet has broad application prospects and research value. The thermal protection capability of the engine combustion chamber is one of the key factors restricting the performance of solid rocket ramjet, and ablation resistance is the key performance to measure the thermal protection capability of materials. Therefore, research on the ablation resistance of different thermal protection materials has received increasing attention.

[0003] At present, the main test method for verifying the ablation resistance of thermal protection materials is the ablation test, including oxyacetylene ablation test, ablation test simulating the combustion chamber environment, and engine direct connection test. Among them, the use of engine direct connection test can more accurately restore the target operating conditions and the engine afterburner environment, and the test results obtained are relatively more accurate. The insulation layer material of the direct connection test device can be completely made of the insulation material to be tested, or it can be made by splicing the insulation material to be tested with mature conventional insulation materials. If the former solution is adopted, only the same material to be tested can be used in one test, and comparative data cannot be formed. The credibility of the results is poor. Therefore, an insulation layer solution of splicing multiple insulation materials to be tested with mature conventional materials is usually adopted. The current common splicing method is to cut the conventional insulation layer and fill the test sample of the same shape into the same position. The disadvantage of this solution is that a brittle, hard carbonized layer forms on the surface of the insulation layer after the ablation test. Studying the carbonized layer is a key step in analyzing ablation resistance. However, if the test sample is directly used to fill the insulation, the sample will easily deform and expand due to the high temperature, making it difficult to remove. In addition, the carbonized layer will be connected into pieces and must be cut and removed. This process often causes the carbonized layer to break into small pieces, directly affecting the analysis results. Currently, the number of insulation material samples that can be carried in the combustion chamber of conventional direct-connected test equipment is relatively small, which also leads to low test efficiency for a single test. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of insulation samples, so as to realize a high-efficiency ablation test of insulation layer samples that is quick and convenient to disassemble and assemble while ensuring the integrity of the carbonized layer.

[0005] In order to achieve the above tasks, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A test device capable of efficiently testing the ablation resistance of an insulation sample comprises a shell, a protective insulation layer, an insulation layer sample, a sample clamp, and a sealing device, wherein:

[0007] The shell is used to simulate a real engine combustion chamber, thereby providing a combustion environment for the fuel gas and incoming air during the test; a plurality of mounting holes are distributed on the side wall of the shell, a protective insulation layer is formed on the inner wall of the shell, and test holes are opened in the protective insulation layer that are adapted to the insulation layer sample and correspond one-to-one to the mounting holes; the insulation layer sample is set in the test hole by passing through the mounting hole using a sample clamp, and a sealing device is used to fix the insulation layer sample and seal the mounting hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the shell is machined as a whole; the material of the protective heat-insulating layer is EPDM, and the protective heat-insulating layer is bonded to the inner wall of the shell.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of mounting planes are distributed axially on the outer wall of the shell, and the mounting holes are distributed on the mounting planes.

[0010] Furthermore, the mounting hole is a square hole and a stepped opening is provided at the inner end of the mounting hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the insulation layer sample is prepared from the insulation material to be tested, the outer surface of which is a plane adapted to the sample clamping, the outer size is consistent with the test hole, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure adapted to the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer; after the insulation layer sample is arranged in the test hole, the inner surface is conformal to the protective insulation layer and the thickness is consistent with the protective insulation layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the sample clamping includes a clamping base plate, the inner surface of which is a plane; side panels are provided on both sides of the clamping base plate, and the outer walls of the side panels are processed with external clamping platforms that cooperate with the step openings on the mounting holes; a mounting cavity for the insulation layer sample is formed between the side panels and the clamping base plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the sealing device includes a sealing plate, the inner surface of which is provided with a fixing plate having outer dimensions consistent with those of the clamping base plate; corresponding first fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate and the clamping base plate for fixing the sample clamp to the sealing device through fasteners; corresponding second fixing holes are distributed on the sealing plate and the mounting plane for sealing and fixing the sealing device to the outside of the shell through fasteners.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer clamping platform is a portion protruding from the outer wall of the side plate; the fixing plate and the clamping base plate on the sealing device are both inserted into the mounting hole, and the outer clamping platform is clamped on the step opening.

[0015] A test method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation specimens, comprising:

[0016] Step 1: Prepare a housing with the same structure as the engine combustion chamber and process the mounting holes;

[0017] Step 2: preparing a protective insulation layer on the inner wall of the shell by a high-pressure airbag method, so that the insulation layer completely covers the inner wall of the shell;

[0018] Step 3: forming test holes on the prepared protective insulation layer; the positions of the test holes correspond to the mounting holes one by one and have the same size as the mounting holes;

[0019] Step 4: Using a mold to process an insulation layer sample using the insulation material to be tested; the outer surface of the insulation layer sample is processed into a flat surface that is compatible with the sample clamping, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure that is compatible with the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer. The size of the insulation layer sample is compatible with the test hole, and the thickness is consistent with that of the protective insulation layer.

[0020] Step 5: Bond the processed insulation layer sample to the sample clamp, then assemble the sample clamp into the mounting hole from the inside of the housing so that the outer clamping platform on the sample clamp engages with the stepped opening at the inner end of the mounting hole, and apply silicone rubber between the sample clamp and the mounting hole for sealing;

[0021] Step 6: Place the sealing device on the mounting hole outside the housing so that the fixing plate of the sealing device is inserted into the mounting hole, and then clamp and fix the sample to the fixing plate; finally, fix the sealing plate of the sealing device to the mounting plane outside the housing;

[0022] Step 7. After completing the installation of all insulation layer samples in sequence, connect the front and rear ends of the shell to the test equipment, and use the test equipment to create a combustion chamber environment inside the shell; after the test is completed, release the fixation between the sealing device and the sample clamp, remove the sample clamp and recover the insulation layer sample.

[0023] Furthermore, in the process of preparing the shell, multiple groups of mounting planes are processed axially on the outer wall of the shell, and mounting holes connected to the interior of the shell are evenly processed on the mounting planes; the inner end of the mounting hole is processed into a step opening, and a sealing device that is compatible with the mounting hole is designed and processed; wherein the size of the fixing plate in the sealing device is compatible with the mounting hole, and the size of the sealing plate is larger than the mounting hole.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical features:

[0025] 1. The test device of the present invention can be provided with multiple installation holes for freely installing insulation layer samples, which greatly increases the types of ablation-resistant samples that can be tested in a single test and improves the test efficiency.

[0026] 2. The present invention designs square through holes on the outer wall of the test device shell, which enables free loading of the insulation layer sample and greatly reduces the difficulty of installing and disassembling the insulation layer sample during the test.

[0027] 3. The present invention designs a sample clamp on the outside of the insulation layer sample, which avoids direct contact between the insulation layer sample and the conventional insulation layer, and solves the problem that the sample cannot be disassembled after the test due to high-temperature deformation. At the same time, due to the isolation of the insulation layer sample by the clamp, the carbonized layer generated after the test has no adhesion to the conventional insulation layer and can be taken out intact, avoiding the influence of the carbonized layer breakage on the experimental results.

[0028] 4. The present invention designs a stepped opening on the through-hole wall of the test device, which not only achieves the limitation and fixation of the sample clamping, but also fits tightly with the sealing cover to ensure the sealing of the test device during the test.

[0029] 5. The thermal insulation layer of the test device of the present invention is made of EPDM material and is bonded to the inner side of the test device by a high-pressure airbag method. After the test is completed, the shell structure of the test device is intact and the thermal insulation layer can be re-bonded to achieve repeated testing and multiple uses.

[0030] 6. The test device of the present invention has a reasonable structural design, a simple process flow, is easy to process, uses common raw materials, has high reliability and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a model diagram in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of the numbers in the figure: 1 shell, 11 mounting hole, 12 mounting plane, 13 step opening, 2 protective insulation layer, 3 insulation layer sample, 31 test hole, 4 sample clamping, 41 clamping base plate, 42 side plate, 43 external clamping table, 5 sealing device, 51 sealing plate, 52 fixing plate, 53 first fixing hole, 54 second fixing hole, 55 handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention first provides a test device that can efficiently test the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The test device includes a housing 1, a protective insulation layer 2, an insulation layer sample 3, a sample clamp 4, and a sealing device 5, wherein:

[0035] The shell 1 is machined as a whole to simulate a real engine combustion chamber, thereby providing a combustion environment for the gas and incoming air during the test; a plurality of mounting holes 11 are distributed on the side wall of the shell 1, and the protective insulation layer 2 is formed on the inner wall of the shell 1, and a test hole 31 is opened in the protective insulation layer 2 to match the insulation layer sample 3 and correspond one-to-one to the mounting hole 11; the insulation layer sample 3 is arranged in the test hole 31 through the mounting hole 11 by using the sample clamp 4, and the sealing device 5 is used to fix the insulation layer sample 3 and seal the mounting hole 11.

[0036] The front and rear ends of the housing 1 are threaded for connection to components in front and behind the engine combustion chamber. The protective insulation layer 2 provides thermal protection for the housing 1, preventing structural failure due to high temperatures, ensuring testing safety, and protecting the housing's structural integrity for reuse. In one embodiment of the present invention, the protective insulation layer 2 is made of EPDM and bonded to the inner wall of the housing 1 using a high-pressure airbag method.

[0037] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a plurality of mounting planes 12 are distributed axially on the outer wall of the housing 1, and the mounting holes 11 are distributed on the mounting planes 12; see Figure 2 In the embodiment, six groups of mounting flat surfaces 12 are evenly spaced apart on the outer wall of the housing 1. Each group of mounting flat surfaces 12 is provided with three mounting holes 11 at intervals, for a total of 18 mounting holes 11 for mounting the thermal insulation layer sample 3. The mounting holes 11 are square holes with stepped openings 13 at their inner ends, which not only secure the thermal insulation layer sample 3 with the sealing device 5 but also provide a seal.

[0038] The structure of the insulation layer sample 3 is as follows Figure 2 As shown; the insulation layer sample 3 is prepared from the insulation material to be tested, the outer surface of which is a plane adapted to the sample clamp 4, the outer size is consistent with the test hole 31, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure adapted to the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer 2; after the insulation layer sample 3 is arranged in the test hole 31, the inner surface is conformal to the protective insulation layer 2 and the thickness is consistent with the protective insulation layer 2.

[0039] The sample clamping 4 see Figure 2The sample clamp 4 includes a clamping base plate 41, the inner surface of the clamping base plate 41 is flat; side panels 42 are provided on both sides of the clamping base plate 41, and the outer walls of the side panels 42 are processed with external clamping platforms 43 that cooperate with the step openings 13 on the mounting holes 11; a mounting cavity for the insulation layer sample 3 is formed between the side panels 42 and the clamping base plate 41; no side panels 42 are provided at the front and rear ends of the clamping base plate 41, so that after the insulation layer sample 3 is installed in the locking test hole 31, the front and rear ends of the insulation layer sample 3 in the incoming flow direction can directly contact the high-temperature heat flow without being affected by the side panels 42; in this way, the side panels 42 are used to achieve its installation and sealing, and the high-temperature test process of the insulation layer sample 3 will not be affected by the side panels 42; at the same time, since the clamping base plate 41 forms a relatively independent installation space for the insulation layer sample 3, the insulation layer sample 3 can be easily recovered after the test, ensuring the integrity of the carbonized layer, and the disassembly and assembly are very convenient.

[0040] The sealing device 5 includes a sealing plate 51, the inner surface of which is provided with a fixing plate 52 having the same dimensions as the clamping base plate 41. Corresponding first fixing holes 53 are provided in the fixing plate 52 and the clamping base plate 41 for clamping the specimen to the sealing device 5 via fasteners. Corresponding second fixing holes 54 are distributed in the sealing plate 51 and the mounting surface 12 for sealingly securing the sealing device 5 to the exterior of the housing 1 via fasteners. Optionally, a handle 55 is provided on the outer wall of the sealing plate 51; the fasteners are optionally countersunk screws.

[0041] Install the insulation layer sample 3 into the sample clamp 4, and then assemble the sample clamp 4 into the test hole 31 from the inside of the shell 1. During this process, the outer clamping platform 43 on the outer wall of the side panel 42 and the step opening 13 on the mounting hole 11 cooperate to play a radial limiting role from the inside to the outside. Then, after the connection between the sample clamp 4 and the sealing device 5 is achieved outside the shell 1, the sealing device 5 is fixed to the shell 1.

[0042] Among them, the external clamping platform 43 is the part protruding from the outer wall of the side plate 42; the fixing plate 52 and the clamping base plate 41 on the sealing device 5 are both inserted into the mounting hole 11, and because the external clamping platform 43 is larger in size, it will be clamped on the step opening 13; in this way, the fixing plate 52 and the clamping base plate 41 can be used to form a blockage for the mounting hole 11; and combined with the surface sealing of the sealing plate 51 whose size is larger than the mounting hole 11 on the external mounting plane 12, a good sealing effect can be achieved.

[0043] Based on the above test device, the present invention further provides a test method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of an insulation sample, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1, prepare a shell 1 that is consistent with the structure of the engine combustion chamber; in the process of preparing the shell 1, process multiple groups of mounting planes 12 along the axial direction on the outer wall of the shell 1, and evenly process mounting holes 11 that are connected to the interior of the shell 1 on the mounting planes 12; process the inner end of the mounting hole 11 into a step opening 13, and design and process a sealing device that is compatible with the mounting hole 11; wherein the size of the fixing plate 52 in the sealing device is compatible with the mounting hole 11, and the size of the sealing plate 51 is larger than the mounting hole 11.

[0045] Step 2: Prepare a protective insulation layer 2 on the inner wall of the shell 1 by a high-pressure airbag method, so that the insulation layer 2 completely covers the inner wall of the shell 1; the material of the protective insulation layer 2 can be EPDM.

[0046] Step 3: Form a test hole 31 on the prepared protective insulation layer 2 ; the position of the test hole 31 corresponds to the mounting hole 11 one by one, and the size is the same as that of the mounting hole 11 .

[0047] Step 4: Use a mold to process an insulation layer sample 3 using the insulation material to be tested; the outer surface of the insulation layer sample 3 is processed into a plane that matches the sample clamp 4, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure that matches the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer 2. The size of the insulation layer sample 3 is compatible with the test hole 31, and the thickness is consistent with the protective insulation layer 2.

[0048] In step 5, the processed insulation layer sample 3 is bonded to the sample clamp 4, and then the sample clamp 4 is assembled into the mounting hole 11 from the inside of the shell 1, so that the outer clamping platform 43 on the sample clamp 4 is engaged with the step opening 13 at the inner end of the mounting hole 11, and silicone rubber is applied between the sample clamp 4 and the mounting hole 11 for sealing.

[0049] In step 6, the sealing device 5 is placed on the mounting hole 11 outside the housing 1 so that the fixing plate 52 of the sealing device 5 is inserted into the mounting hole 11, and then the sample clamp 4 is fixed to the fixing plate 52; finally, the sealing plate 51 of the sealing device is fixed to the mounting plane 12 outside the housing 1.

[0050] Step 7. After completing the installation of all insulation layer samples 3 in sequence, connect the front and rear ends of the shell 1 to the test equipment, and create a combustion chamber environment inside the shell 1 through the test equipment; after the test is completed, release the fixation between the sealing device 5 and the sample clamp 4, disassemble the sample clamp 4 and recover the insulation layer sample 3; through the test device and method provided by the present invention, the carbonized layer formed on the insulation layer sample 3 can be completely removed.

[0051] The present invention is suitable for testing the ablation performance of the insulation layer of a ramjet engine afterburner chamber. It has the advantage that the working environment of the ramjet engine combustion chamber can be simulated during the test, and the insulation layer sample to be tested can be isolated and freely disassembled and assembled, reducing the risk of the carbonized layer of the sample being damaged by collision and friction. At the same time, the test device is innovatively designed with multiple mounting holes 11, which greatly improves the test efficiency and has high engineering application value in the field of insulation layer ablation testing.

[0052] The test device of the present invention has been successfully applied in a direct-connection test of a certain engine. The test device has fully played its role. After the test, the sample clamp can be freely taken out, and the ablation debris structure of the insulation layer sample is preserved intact.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples, characterized in that: It includes a shell, a protective insulation layer, an insulation layer sample, a sample clamp and a sealing device, wherein: The shell is used to simulate a real engine combustion chamber, thereby providing a combustion environment for the fuel gas and incoming air during the test; a plurality of mounting holes are distributed on the side wall of the shell, a protective insulation layer is formed on the inner wall of the shell, and test holes are opened in the protective insulation layer that are adapted to the insulation layer sample and correspond one-to-one to the mounting holes; the insulation layer sample is set in the test hole by passing through the mounting hole using a sample clamp, and a sealing device is used to fix the insulation layer sample and seal the mounting hole.

2. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shell is integrally machined; the material of the protective heat-insulating layer is EPDM, and the protective heat-insulating layer is bonded to the inner wall of the shell.

3. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of mounting planes are distributed axially on the outer wall of the shell, and the mounting holes are distributed on the mounting planes.

4. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mounting hole is a square hole and a step opening is provided at the inner end of the mounting hole.

5. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The insulation layer sample is prepared from the insulation material to be tested, and its outer surface is a plane adapted to the sample clamping, the outer size is consistent with the test hole, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure adapted to the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer; after the insulation layer sample is arranged in the test hole, the inner surface is conformal to the protective insulation layer and the thickness is consistent with the protective insulation layer.

6. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample clamping includes a clamping base plate, the inner surface of which is a plane; side plates are provided on both sides of the clamping base plate, and the outer walls of the side plates are processed with external clamping platforms that cooperate with the stepped openings on the mounting holes; a mounting cavity for the insulation layer sample is formed between the side plates and the clamping base plate.

7. The test device for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing device includes a sealing plate, the inner surface of which is provided with a fixing plate having outer dimensions consistent with those of the clamping base plate; corresponding first fixing holes are provided on the fixing plate and the clamping base plate for clamping the sample to the sealing device through fasteners; corresponding second fixing holes are distributed on the sealing plate and the mounting plane for sealing and fixing the sealing device to the outside of the shell through fasteners.

8. The test device capable of efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer clamping platform is a portion protruding from the outer wall of the side plate; the fixing plate and the clamping base plate on the sealing device are both inserted into the mounting hole, and the outer clamping platform is clamped on the step opening.

9. A test method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Prepare a housing with the same structure as the engine combustion chamber and process the mounting holes; Step 2: preparing a protective insulation layer on the inner wall of the shell by a high-pressure airbag method, so that the insulation layer completely covers the inner wall of the shell; Step 3: forming test holes on the prepared protective insulation layer; the positions of the test holes correspond to the mounting holes one by one and have the same size as the mounting holes; Step 4: Using a mold to process an insulation layer sample using the insulation material to be tested; the outer surface of the insulation layer sample is processed into a flat surface that is compatible with the sample clamping, and the inner surface is processed into an arc structure that is compatible with the shape of the inner surface of the protective insulation layer. The size of the insulation layer sample is compatible with the test hole, and the thickness is consistent with that of the protective insulation layer. Step 5: Bond the processed insulation layer sample to the sample clamp, then assemble the sample clamp into the mounting hole from the inside of the housing so that the outer clamping platform on the sample clamp engages with the stepped opening at the inner end of the mounting hole, and apply silicone rubber between the sample clamp and the mounting hole for sealing; Step 6: Place the sealing device on the mounting hole outside the housing so that the fixing plate of the sealing device is inserted into the mounting hole, and then clamp and fix the sample to the fixing plate; finally, fix the sealing plate of the sealing device to the mounting plane outside the housing; Step 7. After completing the installation of all insulation layer samples in sequence, connect the front and rear ends of the shell to the test equipment, and use the test equipment to create a combustion chamber environment inside the shell; after the test is completed, release the fixation between the sealing device and the sample clamp, remove the sample clamp and recover the insulation layer sample.

10. The test method for efficiently testing the ablation resistance of thermal insulation samples according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the process of preparing the shell, multiple groups of mounting planes are machined axially on the outer wall of the shell, and mounting holes communicating with the interior of the shell are evenly machined on the mounting planes; the inner ends of the mounting holes are machined into stepped openings, and sealing devices adapted to the mounting holes are designed and machined; wherein the size of the fixing plate in the sealing device is adapted to the mounting hole, and the size of the sealing plate is larger than the mounting hole.

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