Rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas rapid volume reduction device which comprises a pretreatment assembly, the pretreatment assembly is sequentially connected with a pressure adjusting assembly, a selective membrane separation assembly and a storage assembly through pipelines, and the pretreatment assembly is used for removing particulate matter and water in gas to be treated; the pressure adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the gas inlet pressure of the selective membrane separation assembly, and the storage group treatment assembly is used for storing gas treated by the selective membrane separation assembly; the selective membrane separation assembly comprises a first-stage membrane separation part, a gas detector, a three-way valve and a second-stage membrane separation part, the first-stage membrane separation part is connected with the storage assembly, the pressure adjusting assembly and the gas detector through pipelines, and the gas detector is sequentially connected with the three-way valve and the second-stage membrane separation part through pipelines; and the secondary membrane separation component is connected with the storage assembly through a pipeline. According to the device, high-risk hydrogen removal and waste gas volume reduction can be realized, the pressure of a subsequent treatment process is greatly reduced, and radioactive emission and generation of radioactive solid wastes are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of radioactive waste gas treatment, and in particular to a device for rapid volume reduction of hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas. Background Art

[0002] During operation, nuclear power plants generate hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, which contains radionuclides with long half-lives. Uncontrolled emissions can lead to long-term radioactive contamination, posing a potential health and safety threat to the public and the environment. Therefore, scientific disposal of hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas is necessary to ensure nuclear, personnel, and environmental safety, and to promote the sustainable development of my country's nuclear industry.

[0003] Hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas contains a variety of airborne radioactive pollutants, including short-half-life xenon-133 and iodine-131, as well as long-half-life krypton-85, iodine-129, and carbon-14. Currently, the mainstream method for disposing of radioactive gaseous pollutants is adsorption, which primarily utilizes the numerous active sites within porous materials to interact with radioactive gas molecules, achieving effective selective adsorption for adsorption, separation, retention, and purification.

[0004] In addition to radionuclides, hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas also contains significant amounts of hydrogen and helium. In existing waste gas treatment processes, these two components significantly increase the amount of solid adsorption materials used, ultimately generating more solid waste and increasing treatment costs. Furthermore, the high hydrogen content in waste gas poses a serious safety hazard during treatment, compromising the stable operation of nuclear power plant waste gas treatment systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, which is used to solve the problem of high cost of hydrogen and helium treatment in the prior art for treating hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] The present invention proposes a rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, which includes a pretreatment component, a pressure regulating component, a selective membrane separation component and a storage component. The pretreatment component is connected to the pressure regulating component, the selective membrane separation component and the storage component in sequence through a pipeline. The pretreatment component is used to remove particulate matter and moisture in the gas to be treated, the pressure regulating component is used to regulate the pressure of the air inlet of the selective membrane separation component, and the storage group processing component is used to store the gas treated by the selective membrane separation component; the selective membrane separation component includes a primary membrane separation component, a gas detector, a three-way valve and a secondary membrane separation component. The primary membrane separation component is connected to the storage component, the pressure regulating component and the gas detector respectively through pipelines, the gas detector is connected to the three-way valve and the secondary membrane separation component in sequence through a pipeline, and the secondary membrane separation component is connected to the storage component through a pipeline.

[0008] In some embodiments, the pretreatment component includes a primary filter, a high-efficiency filter and a gas purifier. The primary filter is connected to the high-efficiency filter and the gas purifier in sequence through pipelines, and the gas purifier is connected to the pressure regulating component through pipelines.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pressure regulating assembly includes a first-stage compressor, a pressure gauge A, and a flow meter A. One side of the first-stage compressor is connected to the gas purifier through a pipeline, and the other side of the first-stage compressor is connected to the pressure gauge A and the flow meter A in sequence through pipelines. The flow meter A is connected to the selective membrane separation assembly through a pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first-level membrane separation component is connected to the flow meter A, the storage assembly and the gas detector through pipelines respectively. The first-level membrane separation component includes several first-level membrane separators. The first-level membrane separators are in series relationship. A control valve A is provided on the side of each first-level membrane separator connected to the flow meter A, and a back pressure valve A is provided on the side of each first-level membrane separator connected to the storage assembly.

[0011] In some embodiments, the selective membrane separation component further includes a secondary compressor, a flow meter B and a pressure gauge B. The secondary compressor, flow meter B and pressure gauge B are arranged on a pipeline connecting the three-way valve and the secondary membrane separation component. The three-way valve is connected to the secondary compressor, flow meter B and pressure gauge B in sequence through a pipeline, and the pressure gauge B is connected to the secondary membrane separation component through a pipeline.

[0012] In some embodiments, the secondary membrane separation component includes several secondary membrane separators, which are connected in series. A control valve B is provided on the side of each secondary membrane separator connected to the pressure gauge B, and a back pressure valve B is provided on the side of each secondary membrane separator connected to the storage component. The secondary membrane separation component is also connected to the atmosphere.

[0013] In some embodiments, the storage assembly includes a control valve C, a pressure gauge C and a storage tank. The control valve C is connected to the storage tank, the first-level membrane separation component and the second-level membrane separation component through pipelines, and the pressure gauge C is connected to the storage tank through pipelines.

[0014] In some embodiments, each component of the selective membrane separation assembly has anti-static and explosion-proof properties.

[0015] In some embodiments, the secondary membrane separation component and the primary membrane separation component are used to selectively permeate hydrogen and helium.

[0016] The implementation of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention proposes a rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas. This device leverages the selective permeability of the primary and secondary membrane separation components to separate the bulk of hydrogen and helium from hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, while simultaneously trapping and storing the majority of radionuclides. This device removes high-risk hydrogen and reduces waste gas volume, significantly reducing the pressure of subsequent treatment processes and minimizing radioactive emissions and the generation of radioactive solid waste. This device utilizes non-chemical reactions to remove hydrogen and helium, offering high safety, ease of operation, and broad potential for widespread adoption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Description of the drawings: 1. Primary filter; 2. High-efficiency filter; 3. Gas purifier; 4. First-stage compressor; 5. Pressure gauge A; 6. Flow meter A; 7. Control valve A; 8. First-stage membrane separation component; 9. Back pressure valve A; 10. Gas detector; 11. Three-way valve; 12. Second-stage compressor; 13. Flow meter B; 14. Pressure gauge B; 15. Control valve B; 16. Second-stage membrane separation component; 17. Back pressure valve B; 18. Control valve C; 19. Pressure gauge C; 20. Storage tank; 21. Pretreatment component; 22. Pressure regulating component; 23. Selective membrane separation component; 24. Storage component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, which includes a pretreatment component 21, a pressure regulating component 22, a selective membrane separation component 23 and a storage component 24. The pretreatment component 21 is connected to the pressure regulating component 22, the selective membrane separation component 23 and the storage component 24 in sequence through a pipeline.

[0022] Pretreatment assembly 21 includes a primary filter 1, a high-efficiency filter 2, and a gas purifier 3. Primary filter 1 is connected to high-efficiency filter 2 via a pipeline, which in turn is connected to gas purifier 3 via a pipeline. After entering primary filter 1, the gas to be treated passes through high-efficiency filter 2 and gas purifier 3, then enters pressure regulating assembly 22. Pretreatment assembly 21 is used to remove harmful components such as particulate matter and moisture from the gas to be treated that could affect the operation of the membrane assembly.

[0023] Pressure regulating assembly 22 includes a primary compressor 4, a pressure gauge A5, and a flow meter A6. Primary compressor 4 is connected to gas purifier 3 and the pressure gauge via pipes. Pressure gauge A5 is connected to flow meter A6 via pipes, and flow meter A6 is connected to selective membrane separation assembly 23 via pipes. Pressure regulating assembly 22 is used to regulate the pressure of the inlet gas to selective membrane separation assembly 23 to ensure normal operation of the membrane assembly.

[0024] The selective membrane separation assembly 23 is used to systematically regulate airflow pressure and flow rate, detect exhaust gas components, control airflow direction, and perform secondary exhaust treatment. The selective membrane separation assembly 23 includes a control valve, a primary membrane separation component 8, a backpressure valve, a gas detector 10, a three-way valve 11, a secondary compressor 12, a flowmeter B13, a pressure gauge B14, and a secondary membrane separation component. The primary membrane separation component 8 and the secondary membrane separation component 16 are capable of selectively permeating hydrogen and helium. The primary membrane separation component 8 is connected to the flowmeter A6, the storage component 24, and the gas detector 10 via pipelines. The primary membrane separation component 8 includes several primary membrane separators, which are connected in series. Each primary membrane separator is equipped with a control valve A7 on the side connected to the flowmeter A6, and a backpressure valve A9 on the side connected to the storage component 24. The gas to be treated passes through the primary membrane separation component 8, where it is separated into gases primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. The hydrogen and helium gases flow to the gas detector 10, while the remaining gases are the permeate-side gases. The permeate-side gases pass through the primary membrane separator and enter the storage assembly 24. The gas detector 10 is used to monitor whether the separated gas, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, meets radioactivity standards. The gas detector 10 is connected to a three-way valve 11 via a pipeline, which is connected to a secondary compressor 12 via a pipeline. The secondary compressor 12 is connected to a flowmeter B13 via a pipeline, which is connected to a pressure gauge B14 via a pipeline. The pressure gauge B14 is connected to a secondary membrane separation component 16 via a pipeline. The secondary compressor 12 is used to compress the separated gas, pushing the separated gas, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, into the secondary membrane separation component 16. The flowmeter B13 and the pressure gauge B14 are used to monitor the pressure and flow of the separated gas, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, so that personnel can control the operation of the secondary compressor 12. The secondary membrane separation unit 16 is connected to the storage assembly 24 via a pipeline and is also connected to the atmosphere. It comprises several secondary membrane separators, connected in series. Each secondary membrane separator is equipped with a control valve B15 on the side connected to the pressure gauge B14, and a backpressure valve B17 on the side connected to the storage assembly 24. The gas to be treated passes through the secondary membrane separation unit 16, where it is primarily separated into hydrogen and helium. The separated gas is discharged to the atmosphere, while the remaining permeate gas passes through the secondary membrane separators and enters the storage assembly 24. All components of the selective membrane separation assembly 23 are designed to be anti-static and explosion-proof.

[0025] The storage group processing component is used to store the reduced volume gas on the retention side of the membrane component. The storage group component includes a control valve C18, a pressure gauge C19 and a storage tank 20. The control valve C18 is connected to the storage tank 20, the first-level membrane separation component 8 and the second-level membrane separation component 16 through pipelines, and the pressure gauge C19 is connected to the storage tank 20 through a pipeline.

[0026] The present invention proposes a device for rapid volume reduction of hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, and the implementation method of the device is specifically as follows:

[0027] The inlet source of the gas to be treated enters the pressure regulating assembly 22 through the primary filter 1, high-efficiency filter 2, and gas purifier 3 within unit 1, and passes through the primary compressor 4, pressure gauge A5, and flow meter B136 of the pressure regulating assembly 22. The gas to be treated enters the selective membrane separation assembly 23. Under appropriate pressure and flow conditions, the gas to be treated flows through the control valve 7 and enters the primary membrane separation component 8. The gases, mainly hydrogen and helium, are separated and enter the gas detector 10. If the separated gas passes the test of the gas detector 10 and meets the emission standards, it is directly discharged through the three-way valve 11. The remaining gas on the interception side enters the storage assembly 24 directly through the back pressure valve A9 and is stored in the storage tank 20.

[0028] If the separated gas fails the inspection by the gas detector 10, it enters the secondary compressor 12 through the control of the three-way valve 11. After the adjustment of the flow meter B13 and the pressure gauge B14, the separated gas enters the secondary membrane separation component 16. After the gas mainly composed of hydrogen and helium is separated by the secondary membrane separation component, it is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the remaining gas on the interception side directly enters the storage component 24 through the back pressure valve B17 and is stored in the storage tank 20.

[0029] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas, characterized in that: The device comprises a pretreatment component (21), a pressure regulating component (22), a selective membrane separation component (23) and a storage component (24), wherein the pretreatment component (21) is connected to the pressure regulating component (22), the selective membrane separation component (23) and the storage component (24) in sequence through a pipeline, wherein the pretreatment component (21) is used to remove particulate matter and moisture in the gas to be treated, the pressure regulating component (22) is used to regulate the pressure of the gas inlet of the selective membrane separation component (23), and the storage component is used to store the gas inlet of the selective membrane separation component. (23) treated gas; the selective membrane separation component (23) includes a primary membrane separation component (8), a gas detector (10), a three-way valve (11) and a secondary membrane separation component (16), the primary membrane separation component (8) is connected to the storage component (24), the pressure regulating component (22) and the gas detector (10) through pipelines, the gas detector (10) is connected to the three-way valve (11) and the secondary membrane separation component (16) in sequence through pipelines, and the secondary membrane separation component (16) is connected to the storage component (24) through pipelines.

2. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment component (21) comprises a primary filter (1), a high-efficiency filter (2) and a gas purifier (3); the primary filter (1) is connected to the high-efficiency filter (2) and the gas purifier (3) in sequence through a pipeline; and the gas purifier (3) is connected to a pressure regulating component (22) through a pipeline.

3. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure regulating assembly (22) comprises a first-stage compressor (4), a pressure gauge A (5) and a flow meter A (6); one side of the first-stage compressor (4) is connected to the gas purifier (3) via a pipeline; the other side of the first-stage compressor (4) is connected to the pressure gauge A (5) and the flow meter A (6) in sequence via pipelines; the flow meter A (6) is connected to the selective membrane separation assembly (23) via a pipeline.

4. A rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first-level membrane separation component (8) is connected to a flow meter A (6), a storage assembly (24) and a gas detector (10) through pipelines. The first-level membrane separation component (8) includes a plurality of first-level membrane separators, which are connected in series. A control valve A (7) is provided on the side of each first-level membrane separator connected to the flow meter A (6), and a back pressure valve A (9) is provided on the side of each first-level membrane separator connected to the storage assembly (24).

5. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The selective membrane separation component (23) further comprises a secondary compressor (12), a flow meter B (13) and a pressure gauge B (14); the secondary compressor (12), the flow meter B (13) and the pressure gauge B (14) are arranged on a pipeline connecting the three-way valve (11) and the secondary membrane separation component (16); the three-way valve (11) is connected to the secondary compressor (12), the flow meter B (13) and the pressure gauge B (14) in sequence through a pipeline; the pressure gauge B (14) is connected to the secondary membrane separation component (16) through a pipeline.

6. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The secondary membrane separation component (16) includes a plurality of secondary membrane separators, which are connected in series. A control valve B (15) is provided on the side of each secondary membrane separator connected to the pressure gauge B (14), and a back pressure valve B (17) is provided on the side of each secondary membrane separator connected to the storage assembly (24). The secondary membrane separation component (16) is also connected to the atmosphere.

7. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage group assembly includes a control valve C (18), a pressure gauge C (19) and a storage tank (20). The control valve C (18) is connected to the storage tank (20), the first-stage membrane separation component (8) and the second-stage membrane separation component (16) through pipelines, and the pressure gauge C (19) is connected to the storage tank (20) through a pipeline.

8. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each component of the selective membrane separation component (23) has anti-static and explosion-proof properties.

9. The rapid volume reduction device for hydrogen-containing radioactive waste gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary membrane separation component (16) and the primary membrane separation component (8) are used for selective permeation of hydrogen and helium.

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