Double-fed low-radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on modification technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-fed low-radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on a modification technology, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The device comprises a metal patch assembly and a dielectric substrate, a metallization tuning through hole assembly is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and a notch assembly is arranged on the metal patch assembly; the metal patch assembly realizes shape modification, scattering current direction change reduction and scattering current amplitude reduction through the notch assembly; the metal patch assembly comprises a first metal patch and a second metal patch, the second metal patch is located on the first metal patch and rotates circumferentially, an RCS-gain angle mapping database is established, and an optimal solution set of a corresponding angle is extracted from the database. According to the double-fed low-radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shape correction technology, through notch shape correction of the metal patch assembly and orthogonal arrangement of the metallization tuning through hole assembly, efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction is achieved, and meanwhile high gain and high circular polarization purity are kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a double-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on a modification technology, belonging to the technical field of antennas. Background Art

[0002] In satellite navigation systems, anti-interference antennas must simultaneously meet high-performance signal reception and low radar scattering requirements. Because satellite antennas are typically mounted on the back of an aircraft and operate in relatively low frequency bands (such as the L / S band), their large physical size results in a high RCS for unoptimized antennas, significantly impacting the aircraft's stealth performance. Furthermore, satellite antennas must effectively suppress electromagnetic scattering under high-angle grazing incidence conditions (such as those in areas threatened by enemy radar waves) while maintaining high gain and high circular polarization purity to receive weak navigation signals.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, circular grooves and cross-grooved lines are etched on the floor to achieve the miniaturization of circularly polarized microstrip antennas and the characteristics of low radar cross-section at large angles, but the actual use scenarios of the antennas are not taken into account. Generally speaking, satellite navigation anti-interference antennas are installed on the back of the aircraft. In this case, the antenna uses a complete base plate, which makes the existing solutions ineffective in actual scenarios. The antenna size is reduced by fractal structure or loading patches to reduce the scattering cross-sectional area. However, miniaturization will introduce problems such as impedance mismatch, gain reduction, and deterioration of circular polarization purity, which makes it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of satellite communications for radiation performance. The scattering current control capability of traditional shaping technology is limited, and the RCS reduction of a single station is insufficient, making it difficult to meet the requirements of stealth platforms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology to solve the problems in the prior art such as practical installation scenario limitations, insufficient RCS reduction under grazing incidence conditions, and the trade-off between radiation performance and RCS reduction.

[0005] The present invention provides a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology, which includes a metal patch component and a dielectric substrate. The metal patch component is printed on the dielectric substrate, and a metalized tuning through-hole component corresponding to the metal patch component is provided on the dielectric substrate. A metal base plate is printed on the bottom of the metal patch component.

[0006] The metal patch component is provided with a notch component; the metal patch component is reshaped by the notch component to reduce the change in the direction of the scattered current and the reduction in the amplitude of the scattered current;

[0007] The metal patch assembly includes a first metal patch and a second metal patch. The second metal patch is located on the first metal patch via a rotating shaft and rotates in a circle, thereby changing the effective radiation area of the slot assembly, further regulating the scattered current, and establishing an RCS-gain angle mapping database. The mapping relationship of key performance parameters at different rotation angles is pre-established through electromagnetic simulation, and the current electromagnetic environment parameters are detected in real time through a communication system, and the optimal solution set for the corresponding angle is extracted from the database.

[0008] Preferably, the metallized tuning through-hole assembly includes a first metallized tuning through-hole and a second metallized tuning through-hole, and the first metallized tuning through-hole and the second metallized tuning through-hole are arranged orthogonally at 90°, thereby achieving an efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction, improving circular polarization purity, and enhancing the ability to suppress vertical and horizontal polarization interference signals.

[0009] Preferably, the notch component is designed to be linear, and the end of the notch component close to the center of the metal patch component is a pointed end, and the tip of the notch component is chamfered to ensure the stability of the resonant frequency.

[0010] Preferably, the notch assembly includes a first notch and a second notch, and the first notch and the second notch are respectively located on the first metal patch and the second metal patch and are evenly distributed on the circumference.

[0011] Preferably, a parametric model of a dual-metal patch antenna is established in CST, the rotation angle of the second metal patch is set as a global variable, a function is established between the geometric parameters of the slot component and the rotation angle of the second metal patch, the RCS mean and gain value are recorded, the change in radiation area caused by the rotation is dynamically compensated, multi-angle simulation data collection is realized, and a three-dimensional database is constructed.

[0012] Preferably, a structured data file is generated based on the three-dimensional database, the data is normalized, and the optimal rotation angle that meets the requirements of RCS minimization and gain stability is extracted from the three-dimensional database. The angle of the second metal patch is rotated according to the optimal rotation angle, and the antenna radiation pattern is scanned by the built-in near-field probe to reversely infer the current RCS distribution to verify whether the expected simulation value is achieved.

[0013] Preferably, there are multiple antennas, and the multiple antennas are arranged linearly. A mounting groove is provided on the dielectric substrate, and an electromagnet is provided in the mounting groove. The mounting groove is made of ferrite and carbon fiber composite material to achieve wave absorption and magnetic field regulation, and the electromagnet achieves wave absorption and magnetic field regulation.

[0014] Preferably, magnet position variables, magnetic pole direction variables, and magnetic pole direction variables are added to the parametric model of the bimetallic patch antenna, a multi-objective optimization function is set, all installation position coordinates are traversed to screen out high-quality points, the absorption-magnetic field synergy effect is tested for the high-quality points, a three-dimensional influence matrix is generated, and the target optimization function is calculated, so as to systematically explore the influence of different parameter combinations on antenna performance and find the optimal parameter combination.

[0015] Preferably, one of the multiple antennas is designated as the main antenna, and multiple antennas surrounding the main antenna are used as secondary antennas. The parameter coupling model of the main antenna and the secondary antenna and the objective function weight are loaded, the electromagnet current is initialized, and the mutual coupling coefficient matrix C is established through simulation. The spectrum analysis module collects the environment in real time, queries the three-dimensional database, and matches the optimal rotation angle of the second metal patch of the main antenna under the current environmental parameters.

[0016] Preferably, the initial magnetization direction of the electromagnet in the main antenna is consistent with the direction of the satellite communication beam, the second metal patch of the main antenna is located at the reference position, the main antenna maintains a strong magnetic field of the electromagnet, suppresses surface wave scattering, the secondary antenna synchronously adjusts the angle to compensate for the gain loss of the main antenna, dynamically adjusts the electromagnet current, corrects the rotation angle, suppresses the mutual coupling effect, calculates the actual RCS value through the near-field measurement value, and evaluates in real time whether the RCS reduction amount meets the standard.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention provides a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology. The antenna adapts to the actual installation requirements of the satellite antenna on the back of the aircraft by designing a metal patch component and a metallized tuning through-hole component on a dielectric substrate, as well as a metal base plate, and solves the problem of installation scene restrictions. The metal patch component is shaped by a slot component to change the direction and amplitude of the scattering current, thereby effectively reducing the radar cross-section of the antenna. Under grazing incidence conditions, the single-station RCS reduction effect significantly improves the stealth performance of the antenna. Through the orthogonal setting of the metallized tuning through-hole component, the tip chamfer design of the slot component, and the change in radiation area caused by dynamic compensation rotation, an efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction is achieved, while ensuring good radiation performance of the antenna, a low RCS design is achieved, and gain loss is small, meeting the dual requirements of satellite communications for stealth and anti-interference. The dual-feed network is combined with the orthogonal setting of the metallized tuning through-hole component to optimize network matching and improve circularly polarized pure The antenna has a high degree of dynamic range, effectively suppressing multipath interference and polarization mismatch problems, enhancing the antenna's ability to suppress vertical and horizontal polarization interference signals, and improving the satellite's communication stability in complex electromagnetic environments. By driving the rotatable second metal patch with a motor and combining it with the RCS-gain angle mapping database established through electromagnetic simulation, dynamic adjustment of antenna performance is achieved. The antenna can automatically adjust to the optimal working state based on the real-time detected electromagnetic environment parameters, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna system. In multiple antenna systems, the main antenna and sub-antenna are specified, and a main and sub-parameter coupling model is established for joint optimization, which significantly improves the performance of the entire antenna system, including the radar scattering cross-section reduction, the absolute value of gain loss, and the mutual coupling coefficient between antennas, ensuring the concealment and stability of communications. The use of a ceramic-cased motor, a non-contact angle encoder, and a ceramic coupling effectively blocks electromagnetic noise and metal coupling interference, improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna, and ensures the antenna's stable performance in practical applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is another exploded structural schematic diagram of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction of different planes of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0024] Figure 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the radiation directions of different planes of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0025] Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of a single-station radar cross section of a dual-fed low radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0026] Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of a single-station radar cross section of a dual-fed low radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0027] Figure 6(c) is a schematic diagram of a single-station radar cross section of a dual-fed low radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0028] Figure 6(d) is a schematic diagram of a single-station radar cross section of a dual-fed low radar cross section satellite anti-interference antenna based on the shaping technology of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0029] FIG6(e) is a fifth schematic diagram of a single-station radar cross-section of a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The present invention provides a dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology, which includes: a metal patch component 1 and a dielectric substrate 2. The metal patch component 1 is printed on the dielectric substrate 2. The dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a metallized tuning through-hole component 3 corresponding to the metal patch component 1. The metallized tuning through-hole component 3 is connected to the metal patch component 1. A metal base plate 4 is printed on the bottom of the metal patch component 1.

[0033] The dielectric substrate 2 has a size of 60 mm × 60 mm × 7.5 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 4.5. The metallized tuning through hole assembly 3 includes a first metallized tuning through hole 31 and a second metallized tuning through hole 32. The first metallized tuning through hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through hole 32 are arranged orthogonally at 90 degrees. The first metallized tuning through hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through hole 32 are both 4.3 mm away from the center of the dielectric substrate 2.

[0034] The outer contour of the metal base plate 4 is the same as that of the dielectric base plate 2, and the size 5 is 60 mm × 60 mm × 0.5 mm;

[0035] The metal patch component 1 is a circular slice, and a notch component 11 is provided on the metal patch component 1. The notch components 11 are multiple and evenly distributed on the circumference of the metal patch component 1. The notch component 11 is designed as a fan-shaped slot, and the end close to the center of the metal patch component 1 is a tip. The tip of the notch component 11 is chamfered, and the length of the notch component 11 is 15.5 mm and the angle is 10°.

[0036] When in use, the shape of the metal patch component 1 is modified by the notch component 11 on the metal patch component 1, so that the resonant frequency and radiation pattern of the radiation patch do not change significantly, thereby ensuring good radiation performance of the antenna. When the electromagnetic wave is irradiated by grazing incidence, the fan-shaped notch on the metal patch component 1 is modified to reduce the change in the direction of the scattered current and the reduction in the amplitude of the scattered current, so that the radar cross-section of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, so as to solve the problem of the difficulty in reducing the scattering of a single station under grazing incidence conditions of the circularly polarized microstrip antenna, and to reduce the radar cross-section of a single station under grazing incidence wave incidence, thereby improving the scattering characteristics and realizing the design of a low RCS microstrip antenna. The chamfered tip of component 11, combined with the first metallized tuning through-hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through-hole 32, ensures the stability of the resonant frequency while maintaining almost no change in the radiation pattern and only losing 0.5 dB of gain, achieving an efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction, meeting the dual requirements of satellite communications for stealth and anti-interference. The orthogonal arrangement between the first metallized tuning through-hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through-hole 32 optimizes the matching of the dual-feed network, improves the circular polarization purity, enhances the ability to suppress vertical / horizontal polarization interference signals, effectively suppresses multipath interference and polarization mismatch problems, and improves the communication stability of the satellite in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0037] FIG5( a ) shows the radiation pattern of the embodiment on the YOZ plane at 1.268 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, the radiation pattern of the embodiment array antenna is almost unchanged compared to the conventional reference microstrip antenna, with a gain peak loss of approximately 0.5 dB. Figure 5(b) is the radiation pattern of the embodiment in the XOZ plane at 1.268 GHz, Figure 6(a) is the single-station scattering pattern of the embodiment antenna under vertical polarization wave theta = 80° and phi = 0° angle incident wave within 1-3 GHz, Figure 6(b) is the single-station scattering pattern of the embodiment antenna under vertical polarization wave theta = 80° and phi = 15° angle incident wave within 1-3 GHz, Figure 6(c) is the single-station scattering pattern of the embodiment antenna under vertical polarization wave theta = 80° and phi = 30° angle incident wave within 1-3 GHz, Figure 6(d) is the single-station scattering pattern of the embodiment antenna under vertical polarization wave theta = 80° and phi∈{0,45} angle incident wave within 1-3 GHz, and Figure 6(e) is the single-station scattering mean value pattern of the embodiment antenna under vertical polarization wave theta = 80° and phi angle incident wave within 1-3 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, the embodiment antenna has a maximum reduction of 23.22 dB in the angular domain of the single-station radar cross section at 2.2 GHz under vertically polarized waves with theta=80° and phi angle incident waves within 1-3 GHz.

[0038] Compared with the existing design, the shape of the antenna is modified by the notch component 11 on the metal patch component 1. When the electromagnetic wave is irradiated by grazing incidence, the fan-shaped notch modification can change the direction of the scattered current and reduce the amplitude of the scattered current, so that the radar cross-section of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in reducing single-station scattering under grazing incidence conditions in the prior art. The tip of the notch component 11 is chamfered. Combined with the first metallized tuning through hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through hole 32, while ensuring the stability of the resonant frequency, the radiation pattern is almost unchanged. As can be seen from Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the embodiment array antenna has almost no change in the radiation pattern compared to the traditional reference microstrip antenna, with a gain peak loss of approximately 0.5dB, achieving an efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction, meeting the dual requirements of satellite communication for stealth and anti-interference. The first metallized tuning through hole 31 and the second metallized tuning through hole 32 are orthogonally arranged, which optimizes the matching of the dual feed network and improves the overall performance of the antenna. By optimizing the matching of the dual feed network, the circular polarization purity is improved. At the same time, the ability to suppress vertically and horizontally polarized interference signals is enhanced. In the complex electromagnetic environment of satellite communications, multipath interference and polarization mismatch are important factors affecting communication stability. This application effectively suppresses these problems and improves the communication stability of satellites in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] In the above embodiment, the fan-shaped notch on the metal patch component 1 is modified to reduce the change in the direction of the scattered current and the reduction in the amplitude of the scattered current, so that the radar cross-section of the antenna is reduced to a certain extent, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in reducing single-station scattering under grazing incidence conditions of the circularly polarized microstrip antenna. The embodiment of the present application optimizes the metal patch component 1 based on the above embodiment.

[0041] In this embodiment, the metal patch assembly 1 includes a first metal patch 12 and a second metal patch 13. The first metal patch 12 is located on the notch assembly 11 and is coaxially arranged between the notch assembly 11. The bottom of the second metal patch 13 is in close contact with the top of the first metal patch 12. The second metal patch 13 is rotatably connected to the first metal patch 12. The notch assembly 11 includes a first notch 121 and a second notch 131. The first notch 121 is circumferentially distributed on the first metal patch 12, and the second notch 131 is circumferentially distributed on the second metal patch 13. The tips of the first notch 121 and the second notch 131 are both chamfered.

[0042] The second metal patch 13 rotates via a rotating shaft, which passes through the first metal patch 12. The first metal patch 12 is provided with a through hole 122 corresponding to the rotating shaft. A shaft sleeve 14 is fixedly sleeved on the inner diameter of the through hole 122. The shaft sleeve 14 is provided with an anti-shielding layer for blocking the electromagnetic noise of the motor. The rotating shaft is driven by the motor. The rotating shaft is made of non-conductive high-strength material. The non-conductive high-strength material is used instead of the metal rotating shaft to avoid parasitic radiation. The motor housing is made of ceramic material, which can effectively eliminate metal coupling interference.

[0043] The second metal patch 13 is provided with an angle encoder corresponding to the rotating shaft. The angle encoder is a contactless angle encoder. The housing of the non-contact angle encoder is made of ceramic material consistent with the motor to avoid electromagnetic interference. The non-contact angle encoder outputs the rotation angle of the rotating shaft in real time. The rotating shaft and the non-contact angle encoder are connected by a ceramic coupling to ensure that the signal transmission is free of metal contact interference.

[0044] Establish an RCS-gain angle mapping database and pre-establish the mapping relationship between key performance parameters at different rotation angles through electromagnetic simulation;

[0045] Specifically, within the range of phi = 0°-90°, sampling is performed every 5°, and the corresponding RCS mean and gain values are recorded. A three-dimensional database is constructed and dimensionally divided. The first dimension is the rotation angle of the second metal patch; the second dimension is the azimuth of the incident electromagnetic wave; and the third dimension is the polarization mode. A parameterized electromagnetic simulation model is established. A parameterized model of a bimetallic patch antenna is established in CST. The rotation angle θ is set as a global variable, and a functional relationship is established between the geometric parameters of the slot component 11 and the rotation angle of the second metal patch:

[0046]

[0047] in:

[0048] W0: reference notch width (initial value when θ = 0°);

[0049] k2: Width modulation coefficient, calibrated through pre-experimental calibration, used to compensate for the change in the effective radiation area of the slot caused by rotation;

[0050] θ: rotation angle of the second metal patch;

[0051] The cosine function compensates for the change in the effective radiation area of the slot caused by rotation, maintaining the impedance matching stability.

[0052] The rotation angle θ is divided into 18 sub-intervals (each 5° is an interval), and each interval is assigned to an independent calculation node. Each node simultaneously calculates the parameter combination of all phi angles within the θ interval. The DDM algorithm is used to accelerate multi-angle scanning, and the data is output to generate a structured data file. The output data is normalized and the relative gain change is calculated based on the gain when θ = 0°:

[0053]

[0054] in:

[0055] θ: rotation angle of the second metal patch;

[0056] The azimuth of the incident electromagnetic wave;

[0057] pol: polarization mode (vertical polarization (V), horizontal polarization (H));

[0058] When θ=0°(not rotated), in azimuth And the antenna gain reference value under polarization pol;

[0059] ΔGain: relative gain change, reflecting the gain fluctuation caused by rotation;

[0060] A time series database is used to store dynamic angle data. When the communication system detects the current electromagnetic environment parameters, the optimal solution set of pol corresponding to the angle θ is extracted from the database.

[0061] After the device is fully rotated, the verification mode is activated, and the actual radiation pattern is measured using the built-in near-field probe to infer the current RCS distribution.

[0062] When using: Establish a parameterized model of the dual metal patch antenna in CST, set the rotation angle θ of the second metal patch as a global variable, establish a function between the geometric parameters of the slot component 11 and the rotation angle of the second metal patch, and Within the range, sampling is performed every 5°, recording the RCS mean and gain value, dynamically compensating for the change in radiation area caused by rotation, realizing multi-angle simulation data acquisition, and constructing a three-dimensional database. Dimension 1: the rotation angle θ of the second metal patch (each 5° is a sub-interval, a total of 18 intervals); Dimension 2: the azimuth of the incident electromagnetic wave; Dimension 3: the polarization mode (vertical polarization V, horizontal polarization H). The DDM algorithm is used to allocate the 18 θ sub-intervals to independent computing nodes for parallel simulation, generate structured data files, normalize the data, and calculate the relative gain change ΔGain based on the gain when θ=0°. The communication system detects the current environmental parameters in real time: the azimuth of the incident wave Polarization mode, based on the detected polarization mode (pol) and azimuth The optimal rotation angle θ that meets the requirements of RCS minimization and gain stability is extracted from the three-dimensional database. If multiple solutions exist, the θ value with the smallest ΔGain fluctuation is selected. The ceramic housing motor drives the non-conductive high-strength shaft, which drives the second metal patch 13 to rotate to the target angle θ, realizing the synthesis and control of the scattered current vector. The shaft and non-contact angle encoder are connected by a ceramic coupling. The sleeve 14 is equipped with an anti-shielding layer to block the electromagnetic noise of the motor. The ceramic non-contact angle encoder monitors the shaft angle in real time. The motor housing, coupling, and encoder are all fully ceramic packaged to block electromagnetic coupling interference between metal components. After rotation is completed, the built-in near-field probe is activated to scan the antenna radiation pattern, and the current RCS distribution is reversed to verify whether the simulation expectation value is achieved.

[0063] Compared to existing technologies, the rotatable second metal patch 13 is driven by a motor and a non-conductive, high-strength shaft to achieve dynamic adjustment. Rotation of the second metal patch 13 changes the effective radiation area of the slot, further regulating the scattered current and achieving more flexible scattering reduction. A ceramic-cased motor, a non-contact angle encoder, and a ceramic coupling are used to effectively block electromagnetic noise and metal coupling interference. Furthermore, an anti-shielding layer is provided on the sleeve 14 to further improve electromagnetic compatibility. An RCS-gain angle mapping database is established, and mapping relationships between key performance parameters at different rotation angles are pre-established through electromagnetic simulation. A DDM algorithm is used to accelerate multi-angle scanning, and data is normalized and structured for storage. This facilitates real-time detection of current electromagnetic environment parameters by the communication system. The optimal solution set for the corresponding angle is extracted from the database. After the antenna is fully rotated, a verification mode is activated. The actual radiation pattern is measured using a built-in near-field probe, and the current RCS distribution is inferred to verify whether it meets the expected simulation value, ensuring the antenna's performance and stealth effect in actual applications.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] In the above embodiment, the slot size of the slot assembly 11 is adjusted by rotating the second metal patch 13, the effective radiation area of the slot is changed, and the scattered current is further regulated to achieve more flexible scattering reduction. The embodiment of the present application is optimized based on the above embodiment.

[0066] In this embodiment, multiple antennas are provided, and the antennas are arranged linearly. A single dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a fixed mounting groove 5, and an electromagnet is provided in the mounting groove 5. The mounting groove 5 is made of a material with good wave-absorbing properties, such as ferrite or carbon fiber composite material, to achieve both wave absorption and magnetic field regulation functions. The electromagnet is used to adjust the magnetic field distribution around the antenna, affecting the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna. By adjusting the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet, the electromagnetic environment of the antenna is optimized.

[0067] Specifically, the capsule-shaped mounting slot 5, the electromagnet, and the absorbing material are added to the parametric model of the bimetallic patch antenna to form a complete antenna model, which includes the following parametric variables:

[0068] Magnet position variable: With the center of the dielectric substrate 2 as the origin, define the magnet installation position coordinates (x i ,y i ), i=1,2,...,N (N is the number of installation slots);

[0069] Magnetic pole direction variable: magnetization direction angle α j (j=0°, 90°, 180°, 270°);

[0070] Capsule structure thickness variables: t and ferrite content ratio ρ (ρ = 30% to 70%)

[0071] Set up the multi-objective optimization function:

[0072]

[0073] in:

[0074] ΔRCS: reduction in the mean RCS value within the target frequency band;

[0075] ΔGain: absolute value of gain loss (constraint |ΔGain| ≤ 1dB);

[0076] VSWR: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (constraint VSWR≤1.5);

[0077] is the weight coefficient (determined through expert review)

[0078] Perform parametric slice sweeps and data acquisition:

[0079] Primary scan: fixed ρ = 50%, traverse all magnet positions (x i ,y i ), record each position in α j ΔRCS and ΔGain under direction;

[0080] Secondary scan: Select the point where ΔRCS>15dB and adjust ρ from 30% to 70% in 5% steps to optimize the synergistic effect between the absorbing material and the magnetic field.

[0081] Generate a 3D influence matrix based on the scan results

[0082] Dimension 1: Magnet Position Sensitivity Index

[0083] Dimension 2: Magnetic Pole Direction Correlation Factor

[0084] Dimension 3: Band consistency coefficient

[0085] Randomly generate 50 groups (x i ,y i ,Δ j ,ρ) combination, calculate the F value of each parameter group and sort them, perform position-direction joint mutation on the top 20% high fitness individuals, and the position mutation amount Δx, Δy ≤ ± 2mm; the direction mutation probability P α = 0.3, the iteration is terminated when the change of the optimal F value for 5 consecutive generations is ≤ 2%;

[0086] Embed an adaptive control module in the actual communication system to monitor the environmental electromagnetic parameters in real time, adjust the electromagnet current I through the PID controller, and fine-tune the magnetic field strength B. Specifically:

[0087]

[0088] in:

[0089] e(t)=RCS target -RCS measured

[0090] During use, a capsule-shaped mounting groove 5 is machined on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and the electromagnet unit is embedded in the mounting groove 5. The magnetic pole direction is initialized to be parallel to the antenna radiation direction. A three-dimensional antenna model is established, and the following variables are loaded: magnet position coordinates, magnetization direction angle, and absorbing material parameters. All installation position coordinates are traversed, and a loop test of the four magnetic pole directions is performed for each coordinate point. ΔRCS, ΔGain, and VSWR data are collected, and high-quality points with ΔRCS>15dB are screened. For the selected high-quality points, ρ is adjusted from 30% to 70% in 5% steps to test the absorption-magnetic field synergy effect, generate a three-dimensional influence matrix, and randomly generate 50 sets of parameter combinations, including position, direction, and material parameters. The target optimization function is calculated, and the top 20% of high-fitness individuals are selected for mutation. The F value change for five consecutive generations is ≤2%. The PID control module is deployed to adjust the current and change the electromagnet working current according to the I(t) value.

[0091] Compared to the prior art, by placing an electromagnet within the mounting slot 5 and using materials with good wave absorption properties, such as ferrite and carbon fiber composite materials, the functions of wave absorption and magnetic field regulation can be achieved simultaneously. By adjusting the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet, the magnetic field distribution around the antenna can be optimized, thereby affecting the radiation and scattering characteristics of the antenna, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna system, and enabling it to maintain stable performance in different electromagnetic environments. A parameterized model is adopted, including parameters such as magnet position variables, magnetic pole direction variables, and parameterized variables such as sac structure thickness and ferrite content ratio. By setting a multi-objective optimization function and performing parameterized layered scanning and data acquisition, the impact of different parameter combinations on antenna performance can be systematically explored and the optimal parameter combination can be found, making the design and optimization of the antenna system more scientific and efficient. Embedding an adaptive control module in the actual communication system can monitor the environmental electromagnetic parameters in real time and adjust the current of the electromagnet through a PID controller to fine-tune the magnetic field strength, allowing the antenna system to adapt to environmental changes in real time and maintain stable performance output. At the same time, it also helps to improve the reliability and stability of the antenna system.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] In the above embodiment, by arranging an electromagnet in the mounting groove 5 and making the mounting groove 5 using materials with good wave absorbing properties such as ferrite and carbon fiber composite materials, the functions of wave absorption and magnetic field regulation can be achieved simultaneously. The embodiment of the present application is optimized to a certain extent based on the above embodiment.

[0094] In this embodiment, a main antenna is designated among multiple anti-interference antennas, and multiple antennas surrounding the main antenna serve as sub-antennas, which are arranged in a ring or rectangular array. The initial magnetization direction of the main antenna electromagnet is consistent with the direction of the satellite communication beam. The second metal patch 13 of the main antenna is located at the reference position, and the spacing between the multiple sub-antennas is:

[0095]

[0096] in:

[0097] θ max : is the maximum scanning angle;

[0098] λ: operating wavelength;

[0099] Establish the main and auxiliary parameter coupling model:

[0100] The joint optimization objective function is:

[0101]

[0102] in:

[0103] ΔRCS i : Radar cross section reduction of the ith antenna;

[0104] |ΔGain i |: absolute value of gain and loss of the ith antenna;

[0105] C ij : The mutual coupling coefficient between antenna i and antenna i (obtained by measurement or simulation);

[0106] θ i θ j : The rotation angle of the second metal patch of the i-th and j-th antennas

[0107] is the weight coefficient (determined through expert review);

[0108] Correct the target rotation angle through the matrix equation, specifically:

[0109] θ adj =(I-0.5C) -1 θ target

[0110] in:

[0111] C: mutual coupling coefficient matrix;

[0112] I: identity matrix;

[0113] The spectrum analysis module monitors the environmental parameters in real time and extracts the current value of the second metal patch of the main antenna from the database. The minimum RCS angle under the condition of θslave=θopt±Δθ is adjusted synchronously by the secondary antenna to compensate for the gain loss of the main antenna, where Δθ=15°~30°, and the main antenna electromagnet maintains a strong magnetic field I main =5A, magnetization direction α main=90°, suppressing surface wave scattering, 1 / 4 of the secondary antenna close to the main antenna: I slave =3A (strong magnetic field suppresses mutual coupling), other edge antennas: I slave =1A;

[0114] The current is dynamically adjusted by the PID controller, specifically:

[0115]

[0116] in:

[0117] e(t)=RCS target -RCS measured : The difference between the target value and the measured value of RCS;

[0118] K p K i ,K d : Proportional, integral and differential gain coefficients, calibrated according to experiments;

[0119] By controlling the electromagnet current in a closed loop, the magnetic field strength is adjusted in real time to optimize antenna performance.

[0120] Fifty sets of parameter combinations are randomly generated, including main and secondary antenna parameters and global parameters. The top 20% of individuals with the highest fitness are selected for crossover, and high-quality genes are retained. The quality of the parameter combinations is evaluated based on the current environmental parameters, and the nearest neighbor solution is extracted from the database. The solution with significant RCS reduction, small gain loss and high polarization purity is selected. The actual RCS of the antenna is inferred from the near-field electric field measurement value. In the verification mode, the antenna stealth performance is evaluated in real time to see if it meets the standard.

[0121] When in use, the initial magnetization direction of the main antenna electromagnet is set to the satellite communication beam direction, and the auxiliary antenna spacing is set to Physical layout, loading the main and sub-antenna parameter coupling model and objective function weights, initializing the electromagnet current, establishing the mutual coupling coefficient matrix C through simulation, the spectrum analysis module collects environmental parameters in real time including interference frequency band, polarization direction, and signal strength, queries the database, and matches the optimal rotation angle of the second metal patch of the main antenna under the current environmental parameters, while maintaining a strong magnetic field of the main antenna electromagnet to suppress surface wave scattering, and synchronously adjusting the sub-antenna θslave=θopt±Δθ to compensate for the main antenna gain loss, and the proximal 1 / 4 sub-antenna maintains I slave =3A, enhance mutual coupling suppression, and reduce the remote secondary antenna to I slave=1A to reduce energy consumption, dynamically adjust the electromagnet current, correct the rotation angle, suppress the mutual coupling effect, randomly generate 50 sets of parameter combinations, screen the top 20% individuals in fitness, cross-iterate to generate a new generation of parameters, combine the database to accelerate convergence, calculate the actual RCS value through near-field measurement values, and evaluate in real time whether the RCS reduction amount meets the standard. If the environmental parameters suddenly change (such as the emergence of a new interference source), restart the optimization process.

[0122] Compared with the existing technology, by specifying the main antenna and sub-antenna in multiple antenna systems and forming a circular or rectangular array arrangement, a main and sub-parameter coupling model can be established for joint optimization, which can significantly improve the performance of the entire antenna system, including the radar scattering cross-section reduction, the absolute value of the gain loss, and the mutual coupling coefficient between antennas. In application scenarios such as satellite communications and radar detection that require high stealth performance and low mutual coupling effects, the collaborative optimization of multi-antenna systems can significantly improve the overall efficiency of the system and ensure the concealment and stability of communications. In a complex electromagnetic interference environment, the main antenna can maintain a strong magnetic field to suppress surface wave scattering, while the sub-antenna can synchronously adjust the angle to compensate for the gain loss of the main antenna, thereby maintaining the overall performance of the system. Embedding an adaptive control module in the actual communication system can monitor the environmental electromagnetic parameters in real time and adjust the current of the electromagnet through the PID controller to achieve fine-tuning of the magnetic field strength, which helps the antenna system maintain optimal performance in different environments and improves the reliability and stability of the system.

[0123] The above description of the present invention and its embodiments is non-limiting. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by the above and, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, designs structures and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creatively designing, they shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-feed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology, characterized by: It includes a metal patch component and a dielectric substrate. The metal patch component is printed on the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is provided with a metallized tuning through-hole component corresponding to the metal patch component. A metal base plate is printed on the bottom of the metal patch component. The metal patch component is provided with a notch component; the metal patch component is reshaped by the notch component to reduce the change in the direction of the scattered current and the reduction in the amplitude of the scattered current; The metal patch assembly includes a first metal patch and a second metal patch. The second metal patch is located on the first metal patch via a rotating shaft and rotates in a circle, thereby changing the effective radiation area of the slot assembly, further regulating the scattered current, and establishing an RCS-gain angle mapping database. The mapping relationship of key performance parameters at different rotation angles is pre-established through electromagnetic simulation, and the current electromagnetic environment parameters are detected in real time through a communication system, and the optimal solution set for the corresponding angle is extracted from the database.

2. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metallized tuning through-hole assembly includes a first metallized tuning through-hole and a second metallized tuning through-hole. The first metallized tuning through-hole and the second metallized tuning through-hole are arranged orthogonally at 90 degrees to achieve an efficient balance between radiation performance and RCS reduction, improve circular polarization purity, and enhance the ability to suppress vertical and horizontal polarization interference signals.

3. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The notch component is designed to be linear, and one end of the notch component close to the center of the metal patch component is a pointed end. The tip of the notch component is chamfered to ensure the stability of the resonant frequency.

4. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The notch assembly includes a first notch and a second notch, and the first notch and the second notch are respectively located on the first metal patch and the second metal patch and are evenly distributed on the circumference.

5. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A parametric model of a dual-metal patch antenna was established in CST. The rotation angle of the second metal patch was set as a global variable. A function was established between the geometric parameters of the slot component and the rotation angle of the second metal patch. The mean RCS value and gain value were recorded. The change in radiation area caused by the rotation was dynamically compensated. Multi-angle simulation data acquisition was achieved and a three-dimensional database was constructed.

6. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: A structured data file is generated based on the three-dimensional database, and the data is normalized. The optimal rotation angle that meets the requirements of RCS minimization and gain stability is extracted from the three-dimensional database. The angle of the second metal patch is rotated according to the optimal rotation angle, and the antenna radiation pattern is scanned using the built-in near-field probe to reversely infer the current RCS distribution and verify whether it meets the expected simulation value.

7. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are multiple antennas, which are arranged linearly. A mounting groove is provided on the dielectric substrate, and an electromagnet is provided in the mounting groove. The mounting groove is made of ferrite and carbon fiber composite material to achieve wave absorption and magnetic field regulation, and the electromagnet achieves wave absorption and magnetic field regulation.

8. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the bimetallic patch antenna parametric model, magnet position variables, magnetic pole direction variables, and magnetic pole orientation variables are added, a multi-objective optimization function is set, all installation position coordinates are traversed to screen out high-quality points, the absorption-magnetic field synergy effect is tested for the high-quality points, a three-dimensional influence matrix is generated, and the target optimization function is calculated, thereby systematically exploring the impact of different parameter combinations on antenna performance and finding the optimal parameter combination.

9. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: Designate one of the multiple antennas as the main antenna, and multiple antennas surrounding the main antenna as secondary antennas. Load the main and secondary antenna parameter coupling models and objective function weights, initialize the electromagnet current, and establish the mutual coupling coefficient matrix C through simulation. The spectrum analysis module collects environmental data in real time, queries the three-dimensional database, and matches the optimal rotation angle of the second metal patch of the main antenna under the current environmental parameters.

10. The dual-fed low radar cross-section satellite anti-interference antenna based on shaping technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The initial magnetization direction of the electromagnet in the main antenna is consistent with the direction of the satellite communication beam. The second metal patch of the main antenna is located at the reference position. The main antenna maintains a strong magnetic field of the electromagnet to suppress surface wave scattering. The secondary antenna synchronously adjusts the angle to compensate for the gain loss of the main antenna, dynamically adjusts the electromagnet current, corrects the rotation angle, suppresses the mutual coupling effect, calculates the actual RCS value through the near-field measurement value, and evaluates in real time whether the RCS reduction amount meets the standard.

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