Dustproof device and method for photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention provides a dustproof device and method for a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of electric energy generation through light conversion, and the dustproof device comprises a covering dustproof module which is installed at one side of the photovoltaic module and comprises a flexible covering film, a reel and a driving mechanism, the reel is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism, the flexible covering film is wound on the reel, and the driving mechanism drives the flexible covering film to rotate; the driving mechanism is used for driving the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module or to roll to expose the surface of the photovoltaic module; and the photosensitive control module is used for monitoring the illumination intensity of the surface of the photovoltaic module, and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the flexible cover film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module when the illumination intensity is not greater than a first set threshold value, the duration is not less than a preset time period and the photovoltaic module stops generating power. According to the invention, the problems of power generation efficiency reduction and assembly aging caused by dust coverage are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of generating electrical energy by light conversion, and in particular to a dust prevention device and method for photovoltaic modules, which helps to increase the power generation of photovoltaic modules and extend the service life of photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for clean energy, photovoltaic power plants have gained widespread adoption as a key renewable energy source. In particular, in deserts, Gobi deserts, and wastelands (hereinafter referred to as "deserts"), where abundant sunlight resources are a factor, the scale of photovoltaic power plant construction continues to expand. However, the unique natural environments of these regions also pose significant challenges to the operation of these plants, most notably sand and dust.

[0003] The sand and dust in the desertified region is characterized by coarse particles, high hardness, and strong electrostatic attraction. These characteristics mean that accumulation on the surfaces of photovoltaic modules can severely impact the power generation efficiency and module lifespan of photovoltaic power plants. Dust covering the panels blocks sunlight, reducing their photoelectric conversion efficiency. Studies have shown that when the dust coverage reaches a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm (approximately the thickness of an A4 sheet of paper), the efficiency of photovoltaic modules can drop by 20%-30%. Furthermore, the metal oxides in the sand selectively absorb visible light, further reducing the modules' ability to utilize sunlight. Dust-covered areas prevent effective heat dissipation, and local temperatures can rise by over 15°C compared to clean areas. This temperature differential can cause a repetitive "hot and cold" effect on photovoltaic modules, leading to problems such as solder joint fractures and yellowing of encapsulation materials. Field observations have found that the service life of photovoltaic modules in power plants severely affected by dust is shortened by an average of 3-5 years. Sand particles carried by strong winds impact the surfaces of photovoltaic modules at speeds exceeding 10 m / s, exerting a force equivalent to continuous friction with sandpaper. Under long-term effects, the light transmittance of the glass cover of photovoltaic modules will gradually decrease due to surface scratches, and this damage is irreversible once it occurs.

[0004] Sandstorm activity in the Shagohuang region exhibits significant diurnal variations. During the day, surface heat creates updrafts, suspending more dust aloft. At night, however, a sudden drop in surface temperature triggers strong horizontal winds, which deposit large quantities of sand directly onto the surfaces of photovoltaic panels. This phenomenon presents two key problems: According to field data from photovoltaic power plants in Northwest China, dust deposition within an eight-hour nighttime period can account for over 70% of the total daily dust accumulation. Especially from late night until dawn, the hourly dust accumulation on the surfaces of photovoltaic panels can reach three to five times the daytime level. Traditional manual or robotic cleaning is typically performed during the day, but by then, the panels have already lost significant power generation time due to dust accumulation. Dust removal at night presents safety risks due to low visibility and strong winds. Furthermore, frequent mechanical cleaning itself exacerbates wear on the glass surface, creating a vicious cycle of "cleaning more, worsening the problem."

[0005] Currently, mainstream methods for combating the dust storm include high-pressure water washing, robotic cleaning, and dust-proof coatings. However, these solutions have demonstrated significant shortcomings in practical application in the Shagohuang region. For example, high-pressure water washing, a water-reliant solution, is difficult to implement sustainably in arid regions with annual rainfall of less than 100 mm and is prone to freezing and bursting water pipes in winter. Active cleaning equipment, such as robotic sweepers, experience a 40% increased failure rate in strong nighttime winds. Their metal components can also rub against sand, generating sparks and posing a fire hazard. While chemical dust-proof coatings can reduce dust adhesion, they cannot withstand the physical impact of strong nighttime winds and typically have a service life of less than six months. These shortcomings highlight a critical shortcoming of existing technologies: the lack of effective protection for photovoltaic panels during the nighttime hours, when dust storms are most active. Developing an intelligent protection system that dynamically adapts to the natural environment without impacting daytime power generation has become an urgent challenge for improving the quality and efficiency of Shagohuang photovoltaic power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the problems existing in the related art, this specification provides a dust prevention device and method for photovoltaic modules, which reduces the decline in power generation efficiency and module aging caused by sand and dust coverage, helps to increase the power generation of photovoltaic modules and extend their service life.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a dust prevention device for a photovoltaic module, comprising: A covering and dustproof module is installed on one side of the photovoltaic module, the covering and dustproof module includes a flexible covering film, a reel and a driving mechanism, the flexible covering film is used to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module, the reel is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism and is provided on one side of the photovoltaic module, the flexible covering film is rolled up on the reel, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module or reel to expose the surface of the photovoltaic module; The photosensitivity control module is used to monitor the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic component, and when the light intensity is no greater than a first set threshold and is maintained for a period of no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic component stops generating electricity, control the driving mechanism to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic component.

[0008] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the flexible covering film includes an electrostatic protection layer and a hydrophobic protection layer that are stacked. When the flexible covering film is in an unfolded state, the electrostatic protection layer is arranged on a side of the hydrophobic protection layer close to the photovoltaic module.

[0009] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the covering and dustproof module further includes: A storage bin is provided below the reel; A cleaning member is provided in the storage bin and is used to clean the surface of the flexible covering film during the winding process of the flexible covering film.

[0010] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the covering and dustproof module further includes: The magnetic attraction member is provided on the flexible covering film and is used to fix the flexible covering film and the photovoltaic assembly when the flexible covering film is in an unfolded state.

[0011] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the dust prevention device for a photovoltaic module further includes: The auxiliary module includes an emergency control unit for monitoring the external air pressure and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module when the external air pressure drops by more than a second set threshold per unit time.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the auxiliary module further includes: The micro photovoltaic assembly is arranged on one side of the covering dustproof module and is electrically connected to the driving mechanism.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the surface of the flexible cover film is provided with wavy textures.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, a guide groove and a detachable dust box are provided in the storage bin, and the dust box is provided at the outlet of the guide groove. The guide groove is used to guide the debris on the surface of the flexible covering film cleaned by the cleaning member to the dust box.

[0015] In some exemplary embodiments of the present application, the first set threshold is 50 W / m², and the preset time period is 10 minutes.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present application, a dust prevention method for a photovoltaic module is provided, using the dust prevention device for a photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect. The dust prevention method for a photovoltaic module comprises: The light-sensing control module monitors the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic assembly, and outputs a first control instruction when the light intensity is no greater than the first set threshold and remains for no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic assembly stops generating electricity; and outputs a second control instruction when the light intensity is greater than the first set threshold; The driving mechanism in the covering and dustproof module receives the first control instruction to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic component, or the driving mechanism receives the second control instruction to drive the flexible covering film to retract to expose the surface of the photovoltaic component.

[0017] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects: The dust-proof device for photovoltaic modules provided in this application monitors light intensity through a photosensitive control module and combines it with the power generation status of the photovoltaic modules. It only deploys the flexible covering film at night or during low-light periods when the photovoltaic modules stop generating electricity. This avoids misoperation during the day or during power generation periods and ensures that the photovoltaic modules are protected in a timely manner when they need protection. This design not only extends the service life of the photovoltaic modules and reduces the decline in power generation efficiency and module aging caused by sand and dust coverage, but also realizes the automatic deployment and rewinding of the flexible covering film through the drive mechanism, reducing manual intervention, improving operation and maintenance efficiency, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0018] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the specification.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the exposed state of the photovoltaic module in the dustproof device for the photovoltaic module in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module in the covered state in the dustproof device for the photovoltaic module in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the exposed state of the photovoltaic module in the dustproof device for the photovoltaic module in the exemplary embodiment of the present application from another angle.

[0023] Figure 4This is a structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module covering state from another angle in the dustproof device for photovoltaic modules in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the storage bin structure in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the flexible covering film structure in an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the modular structure of the dustproof device for photovoltaic modules in the exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic flow chart of a dust prevention method for photovoltaic modules in an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Description of Reference Numerals 10-Photovoltaic module; 100-Dustproof covering module; 110-Flexible covering film; 111-Hydrophobic protective layer; 112-Electrostatic protective layer; 120-Scroll; 130-Storage bin; 131-Guide trough; 132-Dust collection box; 140-Magnetic element; 150-Cleaning element; 200-Photosensitive control module; 300-Auxiliary module; 310-Micro photovoltaic module; 320-Emergency control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures represent like or similar structures, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted. Furthermore, the figures are merely schematic illustrations of the present application and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0030] Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relationship of one illustrated component to another, these terms are used herein for convenience only, such as in accordance with the orientation of the illustrations in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that if the illustrated device were flipped upside down, the component described as "upper" would become the component "lower." When a structure is referred to as "on" another structure, this may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via the other structure.

[0031] The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "including" and "having" are used to express open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the quantity of their objects.

[0032] In this application, terms such as "perpendicular" and "equal" refer to perpendicularity and equality within the range of process tolerance, not absolute perpendicularity and equality. Process tolerance can be within ±10% or ±5%. For example, if a first direction and a second direction are perpendicular, it can be understood that the angle between the first direction and the second direction can be 90°±5°.

[0033] Existing technologies present significant technical challenges in protecting photovoltaic panels at night in areas prone to dust storms. Traditional dust removal methods face inconsistencies in the timing of their implementation. Daytime cleaning impacts power generation efficiency, while nighttime operations present challenges with visibility and safety. Mechanical cleaning devices can easily cause secondary wear on the panel surface, while chemical coatings are inadequate to withstand high-intensity physical impacts. Existing protection systems generally lack the ability to dynamically adapt to the natural environment, making them ineffective in forming an effective barrier during periods of peak dust activity.

[0034] Based on this, Figures 1 to 4 、 Figure 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a dustproof device for a photovoltaic module, comprising a covering dustproof module 100 and a light-sensitive control module 200. The covering dustproof module 100 is mounted on one side of the photovoltaic module 10 and comprises a flexible covering film 110, a reel 120, and a driving mechanism. The flexible covering film 110 is used to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. The reel 120 is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism and is disposed on one side of the photovoltaic module 10. The flexible covering film 110 is wound around the reel 120. The driving mechanism is used to drive the flexible covering film 110 to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 or to reel in to expose the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. The light-sensitive control module 200 is used to monitor the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 and, when the light intensity is no greater than a first set threshold and remains for no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic module 10 stops generating electricity, controls the driving mechanism to drive the flexible covering film 110 to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0035] The dust-proof device for photovoltaic modules provided in this application monitors light intensity through the light-sensing control module 200 and combines it with the power generation status of the photovoltaic module 10. It only deploys the flexible covering film 110 at night or during low-light periods and when the photovoltaic module 10 stops generating electricity. This avoids misoperation during the day or during power generation periods and ensures that the photovoltaic module 10 is protected in a timely manner when it needs protection. This design not only extends the service life of the photovoltaic module 10 and reduces the problem of reduced power generation efficiency and module aging caused by sand and dust coverage, but also realizes the automatic deployment and rewinding of the flexible covering film 110 through the drive mechanism, reducing manual intervention, improving operation and maintenance efficiency, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0036] The following is a detailed description of the various parts of the dust prevention device for photovoltaic modules provided in the embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1 to 4 、 Figure 7 As shown, the present application proposes a dustproof device for photovoltaic modules, which includes a covering dustproof module 100 and a photosensitive control module 200. The covering dustproof module 100 is installed on one side of the photovoltaic module 10, and includes a flexible covering film 110, a reel 120 and a driving mechanism. The flexible covering film 110 is wound on the reel 120 and is unfolded or reeled by the driving mechanism. The photosensitive control module 200 continuously monitors the light intensity on the surface of the module, and triggers the covering action when the light intensity is continuously lower than the first set threshold and the photovoltaic module 10 stops generating electricity. The driving mechanism is controlled to drive the flexible covering film 110 to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. The covering state is as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown.

[0037] The flexible cover film 110 is a composite film layer with ductility and tear resistance. Specifically, it can be implemented using a polyimide substrate with a fluorocarbon coating or a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating. Its thickness can be controlled to the micron level to meet curling requirements. The reel 120 is the rotating shaft that supports and retracts the flexible cover film 110. Specifically, it can be made of an aluminum alloy hollow tube with a non-slip surface structure, with both ends connected to the bracket via bearings. The drive mechanism is a transmission device that provides rotational power. Specifically, a waterproof stepper motor can be selected in conjunction with a reduction gearbox. The output torque is designed based on the resistance of the flexible cover film 110 to unfolding. The photosensitive control module 200 is a monitoring unit that integrates a photosensor and a logic controller. Specifically, it can be implemented using a silicon photodiode array in conjunction with a microprocessor to perform time series analysis of light intensity.

[0038] Specifically, when the photosensor detects that the light intensity is continuously lower than the first set threshold, the control unit synchronously confirms the power generation status of the photovoltaic module 10. After the no-power generation condition is met and the weak light state continues for a preset time, the control signal triggers the stepper motor to operate. The motor drives the reel 120 to rotate through the reduction gear, and the flexible covering film 110 is released from the reel 120 and unfolded along the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. During the unfolding process, the edge of the flexible covering film 110 contacts the frame of the photovoltaic module 10 through its own weight or auxiliary guide structure to form a complete coverage surface. When the light intensity of the next day rises back above the first set threshold, the control unit drives the reel 120 to rotate and recycle the flexible covering film 110 until it is completely stored in the storage space between the reel 120 and the edge of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0039] Compared to existing technologies, this solution creatively combines light-sensing control with flexible mechanical covering. Conventional timing control devices cannot accurately correspond to periods of dust deposition. This solution precisely locks in the timing of protective actions by monitoring the operating status and lighting conditions of the photovoltaic modules 10 in real time. Compared to fixed protective covers, the retractable flexible covering structure avoids the problem of permanent obstruction. Compared to active dust removal devices that require continuous power, this solution consumes power only when the flexible covering film 110 is retracted and extended, significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0040] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application achieves automatic protection for photovoltaic modules 10 during periods of active dust storms, forming a physical isolation barrier during peak nighttime dust deposition periods. The dynamic retraction and extension mechanism of the flexible cover film 110 prevents interference with daytime power generation by traditional protective devices, and the light-sensing control logic effectively prevents the risk of false triggering. By blocking direct contact between dust and the module surface, this solution reduces surface damage caused by sand impact, while also reducing module thermal stress and extending the service life of the photovoltaic equipment.

[0041] Optionally, the first set threshold is 50W / m² and the preset time period is 10 minutes.

[0042] The present application further proposes to set the light intensity threshold for triggering protective coverage to 50W / m², and set the duration detection window to 10 minutes. Among them, 50W / m² refers to the critical light intensity when the photovoltaic module 10 stops generating electricity. Specifically, it can be implemented by using a photosensor combined with a voltage and current detection module. This value corresponds to the natural light attenuation stage from before dawn to after sunset, ensuring that the protective action is only activated during the active sandstorm period outside the working hours. 10 minutes refers to the shortest time for continuous monitoring of light intensity below the threshold. Specifically, it can be implemented by using a microcontroller with a timestamp recording function to prevent the system from being triggered by mistake by filtering out instantaneous cloud cover or short-term environmental interference.

[0043] Specifically, when the light sensor detects that the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 is continuously lower than 50W / m² for 10 minutes and the inverter output power returns to zero, the system determines that it has entered the night protection period. At this time, the drive mechanism automatically unfolds the flexible covering film 110 to prevent sand and dust from accumulating on the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. When the light intensity rises back to more than 50W / m² at dawn, the system can delay for 5 minutes to confirm that the ambient brightness is stable, and then execute the rewinding operation to resume power generation. Figure 1 and Figure 3 That is, when the light intensity is greater than the first set threshold for a certain period of time, such as 5 minutes after being greater than the first set threshold, the light sensing control module 200 can control the driving mechanism to drive the flexible cover film 110 to roll up to expose the surface of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0044] This solution dynamically correlates three parameters: light intensity, duration, and power generation status. This enables precise triggering of protective actions during periods of active sandstorms. While maintaining normal daytime power generation, it effectively blocks the impact of nighttime windblown sand on the photovoltaic modules 10. By intelligently identifying the non-operating state of the photovoltaic modules 10, the system avoids frequent starts and stops of mechanical components caused by brief environmental changes, thereby extending the service life of the drive mechanism.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, the flexible cover film 110 includes an electrostatic protection layer 112 and a hydrophobic protection layer 111 that are stacked. When the flexible cover film 110 is in an unfolded state, the electrostatic protection layer 112 is disposed on a side of the hydrophobic protection layer 111 close to the photovoltaic module 10 .

[0046] Among them, the electrostatic protection layer 112 refers to a material layer with conductive properties, which can be specifically realized by aluminum foil, aluminum-plated polyester film or a polymer substrate doped with carbon nanotubes. It eliminates electrostatic adsorption by conducting away the static charge between the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 and the dust particles.

[0047] The hydrophobic protective layer 111 refers to a material layer with a surface energy lower than that of water. Specifically, it can be implemented by using a polyimide substrate composite fluorocarbon coating or a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating. It prevents liquid water from penetrating by forming a low surface energy barrier, thereby preventing sand and dust from mixing and solidifying with water.

[0048] Specifically, when the flexible cover film 110 covers the surface of the photovoltaic module 10, the electrostatic protection layer 112 near the photovoltaic module 10 neutralizes the surface charge through a contact conductive mechanism, causing sand and dust particles to lose their electrostatic adsorption force, thereby reducing their adhesion strength at the root. The outer hydrophobic protective layer 111 repels liquid water through intermolecular forces, preventing rainwater carrying sand and dust from infiltrating the gaps between modules, while also using water flow to flush away loose sand particles. During peak nighttime dust activity, the two layers work together to form a dual barrier of physical isolation and chemical protection, blocking direct impact from sand particles while preventing water vapor intrusion and causing compaction.

[0049] Compared to existing technologies, traditional dust-proof coatings utilize only a single hydrophobic or antistatic layer, failing to simultaneously address the issues of dust adhesion and clumping. For example, while conventional silicone coatings possess a degree of hydrophobicity, they lack the ability to conduct charge, allowing sand particles to cling firmly to them through static electricity. Conductive coatings, while capable of dissipating static electricity, cannot block water penetration, causing dust particles to form hard deposits when exposed to rainwater. This solution achieves complementary functions through a composite membrane structure, simultaneously achieving charge neutralization and hydrophobic protection during the dynamic coating process.

[0050] In this type of embodiment, the present application solves the problem that sand and dust are tightly attached to the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 due to electrostatic adsorption and are difficult to remove, and prevents the problem that sand and dust mix with rainwater to form compacted dirt that causes secondary damage to the surface of the module, while enhancing the protection reliability of the device in an environment with temperature differences and humidity changes between day and night.

[0051] Optionally, the contact angle of the hydrophobic protective layer 111 is greater than 150°. A contact angle greater than 150° means that the contact angle formed by the liquid on the material surface meets the super-hydrophobic standard, which can be achieved by adjusting the surface roughness and chemical composition of the material, for example, by using a micro-nano composite coating with a bionic lotus leaf structure.

[0052] Specifically, the hydrophobic protective layer 111 forms a protective interface with extremely low surface energy when the flexible cover film 110 is unfolded through the super-hydrophobic property with a contact angle greater than 150°. When sand and dust particles contact the surface of the protective layer, the van der Waals force between them and the material is significantly weakened due to the super-hydrophobic effect, and it is difficult for the sand particles to adhere stably. In a strong wind environment at night, the sand particles slide and detach along the super-hydrophobic surface driven by the wind, avoiding the formation of an accumulation layer. At the same time, the super-hydrophobic property reduces the residence time of liquid water on the surface, preventing the water film from combining with sand and dust to form sticky deposits. The synergistic effect of this property and the electrostatic protective layer is manifested as follows: the electrostatic protective layer eliminates the static charge on the surface of the sand particles, avoiding the electrostatic adsorption effect from interfering with the repulsive effect of the hydrophobic layer; and the hydrophobic layer prevents water vapor from penetrating into the electrostatic protective layer, maintaining its long-term and stable electrostatic shielding capability.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, Figures 1 to 5As shown, the covering and dustproof module 100 further includes a storage bin 130 located below the reel 120 , and a cleaning member 150 is provided inside the storage bin 130 , which is used to clean the surface of the flexible covering film 110 during the reeling process of the flexible covering film 110 .

[0054] The storage bin 130 can be located directly below the reel 120 and can be a box structure made of metal or engineering plastic, with a top opening length that matches the length of the reel 120. This structure forms a closed passage when the flexible covering film 110 is rolled up, which can both limit the cleaning range and prevent dust from spreading.

[0055] Among them, Figure 5 As shown, cleaning element 150 is a friction component fixed inside storage bin 130. Specifically, it can be implemented as a brush roller or scraper structure. Its working surface maintains contact pressure with flexible cover film 110. Cleaning element 150 uses the relative motion of flexible cover film 110 as it is rolled up to produce a cleaning effect, completing surface dust removal without the need for an additional power device.

[0056] Specifically, when the drive mechanism begins to reel in the flexible covering film 110, it moves from the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 toward the reel 120. As the flexible covering film 110 enters the storage compartment 130, its surface comes into contact and rubs against the fixedly mounted cleaning element 150. As the flexible covering film 110 moves, dust particles adhering to its surface are scraped or brushed off by the cleaning element 150 and subsequently fall to the bottom of the storage compartment 130. The enclosed structure of the storage compartment 130 ensures that the removed dust does not escape into the external environment. The mechanical linkage between the reel 120 and the cleaning element 150 allows cleaning operations to be seamlessly integrated into the normal operating procedures of the dust control system.

[0057] Traditional photovoltaic module 10 cleaning devices often utilize independently operated cleaning robots or spray systems, requiring separate drive motors and control systems. This application creatively utilizes the mechanical motion generated by the dust-proof device's self-winding action, achieving cleaning through the relative friction between the fixed cleaning member 150 and the mobile flexible cover film 110. This avoids additional energy consumption and simplifies the device structure. Furthermore, while existing open cleaning devices are prone to secondary dust pollution, this solution integrates a storage bin 130 to create a closed cleaning environment, effectively addressing the problem of dust re-dispersion.

[0058] In this embodiment, the present application implements a self-cleaning function during the rewinding process of the flexible cover film 110, automatically removing dust and sand from the surface while providing dust protection. The removed particles are collected in a storage bin 130, preventing secondary contamination of the photovoltaic module 10 surface and ensuring the cleanliness of the dust control device during repeated use. This solution integrates the cleaning function into existing dust control operations through a mechanical linkage design, requiring no additional control commands or energy supply, making it particularly suitable for automated operation in strong windy and sandy environments at night.

[0059] Furthermore, a guide groove 131 and a detachable dust box 132 can be set in the storage bin 130. The dust box 132 is located at the outlet of the guide groove 131. The guide groove 131 is used to guide the debris on the surface of the flexible covering film 110 cleaned by the cleaning member 150 to the dust box 132.

[0060] The guide groove 131 is a channel structure with a directional guidance function, which can be implemented by a groove with an inclined or curved surface design. Its function is to transport debris removed by the cleaning member 150 along a specific path to prevent disorderly accumulation. The detachable dust box 132 is a container for centralized storage of debris, which can be implemented by a snap-on or slide-rail mounting structure. Its function is to seal and collect debris, facilitate regular cleaning, and prevent secondary contamination.

[0061] Specifically, when the flexible covering film 110 is rolled up, the cleaning member 150 cleans the surface of the film, and the peeled sand and dust particles move along with the flexible covering film 110 into the storage bin 130. The guide groove 131 forms a continuous guide path through its inclined or curved surface structure, so that the debris slides along the groove to the exit position under the action of gravity or inertia. The dust box 132 is located at the end of the guide groove 131, which receives and stores all debris. Its detachable structure allows operation and maintenance personnel to regularly remove the box for centralized processing. The entire process does not require manual intervention in the cleaning action, and the debris is always in a closed space to avoid being scattered on the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 or the gap between mechanical components.

[0062] In this type of embodiment, the present application solves the cleaning difficulties and secondary pollution problems caused by the disordered accumulation of debris in the storage bin 130 during the cleaning process, realizes the targeted collection and centralized processing of debris, reduces operation and maintenance costs and improves system reliability.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2As shown, the dustproof covering module 100 also includes a magnetic element 140, which is disposed on the flexible covering film 110. When the flexible covering film 110 is in the unfolded state, the magnetic element 140 securely connects the flexible covering film 110 to the photovoltaic module 10. The magnetic element 140 refers to a component with a magnetic attraction function, which can be implemented using a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, such as a neodymium iron boron magnet. The electromagnet's magnetic force can be controlled by a circuit. The magnetic elements 140 are distributed in an array around the edge of the flexible covering film 110. When unfolded, they form an adsorption force with the metal material of the photovoltaic module 10 frame, thereby resisting lateral forces in windy and sandy environments. The secure connection refers to the use of magnetic attraction to create a seamless fit between the flexible covering film 110 and the surface of the photovoltaic module 10. This can be achieved by coupling the magnetic elements 140 at the edge of the flexible covering film 110 with the metal structure of the photovoltaic module 10 frame or bracket. When the flexible covering film 110 is unfolded, the magnetic elements 140 automatically contact the metal component and generate an adsorption force, completing the secure connection without manual intervention.

[0064] Specifically, when the flexible covering film 110 is unfolded to the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 through the driving mechanism, the magnetic element 140 at the edge of the flexible covering film 110 contacts the metal part of the frame of the photovoltaic module 10. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic element 140 forms a closed magnetic circuit in the metal component, thereby generating an adsorption force perpendicular to the surface of the flexible covering film 110. In a strong wind environment, this adsorption force can offset the lateral pulling effect of the wind on the flexible covering film 110, preventing the flexible covering film 110 from being displaced or falling off. The distribution density of the magnetic element 140 can be adjusted according to the actual wind pressure conditions. For example, a higher density magnetic array can be used in desert areas. During the unfolding process, the magnetic element 140 immediately triggers the adsorption function after moving to the predetermined position with the flexible covering film 110, thereby achieving real-time fixation.

[0065] Compared to mechanical clips or adhesives that secure the flexible cover film 110, mechanical clips are susceptible to locking failure due to sand intrusion, while adhesives are prone to aging and falling off after long-term exposure. In this embodiment, non-contact securing is achieved through magnetic attraction, which not only prevents physical interference with the fixed structure caused by sand and dust, but also eliminates the risk of chemical contamination of the component surface by the adhesive. Furthermore, the rapid response of the magnetic element 140 allows for complete securing of the flexible cover film 110 the instant it is unfolded, eliminating the need for additional steps.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 7 As shown, the dust-proof device for photovoltaic modules also includes an auxiliary module 300, which has an emergency control unit 320. By monitoring the changes in external air pressure, when the drop value of the external air pressure per unit time exceeds a second set threshold, the flexible covering film 110 is controlled to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0067] Among them, the auxiliary module 300 refers to an additional functional unit for enhancing the emergency protection capability of the system. Specifically, it can be implemented by a combination structure including an air pressure sensor and a control circuit, and is used to monitor the changes in ambient air pressure in real time and trigger protection actions. Among them, the emergency control unit 320 refers to a control component that can execute emergency response according to preset conditions. Specifically, it can be implemented by linking a microprocessor with an air pressure sensor. By continuously collecting air pressure data and comparing it with a set threshold, a control signal is sent to the drive mechanism when the trigger condition is met. Among them, the external air pressure drop per unit time refers to the reduction in atmospheric pressure per unit time. Specifically, a digital barometer can be used for continuous monitoring, and the risk of meteorological mutation can be determined by calculating the pressure difference between adjacent time points.

[0068] Specifically, when photovoltaic modules 10 are deployed in a deserted area prone to strong winds and dust storms, auxiliary module 300 continuously monitors the ambient air pressure via an air pressure sensor. Upon detecting a sudden drop in air pressure exceeding a second set threshold within a unit timeframe, emergency control unit 320 determines that strong winds and dust storms are imminent and immediately activates the drive mechanism to deploy flexible cover film 110, completely covering the surface of photovoltaic modules 10. This process completes the deployment of a protective barrier at the earliest stages of a sandstorm, preventing high-speed sand particles from directly impacting the module surface. When deployed, flexible cover film 110 forms a physical barrier that both prevents sand and dust from depositing and mitigates surface wear caused by high-speed sand particles. The second threshold can be set based on the local air pressure conditions during sandstorms. For example, while normal local atmospheric pressure is approximately 1013.25 hPa, during a sandstorm, air pressure can drop by 10-20 hPa in a short period of time. Therefore, the second threshold can be set to any value between 10 and 20 hPa.

[0069] This application establishes an active early warning mechanism through monitoring of sudden changes in air pressure, which can complete protective actions within a few minutes before a meteorological disaster occurs, and can start the protection program 10-20 minutes earlier than the existing technology that relies on visual recognition or wind speed detection. Compared with the existing technology, this application can automatically trigger the protection mechanism in the early stage of sandstorm formation, effectively preventing sand particles carried by strong winds from causing physical damage to the surface of the photovoltaic module 10, while avoiding the problem of large-scale dust accumulation caused by sudden sandstorms. This application breaks through the response delay defect of the traditional passive protection mode, realizes dynamic protection linked to meteorological changes, and significantly reduces the equipment maintenance cost caused by extreme weather.

[0070] Furthermore, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the auxiliary module 300 further includes a micro photovoltaic assembly 310 , which is disposed on one side of the dustproof module 100 and is electrically connected to the driving mechanism.

[0071] Among them, the micro photovoltaic module 310 refers to a small power generation unit independent of the main photovoltaic module 10, which can be implemented by using monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells. Its location has been optimized through spatial layout to ensure that it does not block the light-receiving area of the main photovoltaic module 10, and can effectively collect ambient light energy and convert it into electrical energy. The miniaturized design of the photovoltaic module enables it to be integrated into the side edge of the entire dustproof device, and can be quickly disassembled and maintained through modular installation, such as being attached to the side surface of the storage bin 130. Electrical connection refers to the establishment of an electrical energy transmission channel, which can be implemented by using waterproof and dustproof connectors and weather-resistant cables. The electrical energy generated by the micro photovoltaic module 310 is directly transmitted to the control unit of the drive mechanism through a point-to-point circuit connection, avoiding energy loss caused by the intermediate conversion link.

[0072] Specifically, when a sandstorm causes the main power supply system to be interrupted, the micro photovoltaic module 310 uses the electricity stored during the day to continuously power the drive mechanism, ensuring that the unfolding and reeling actions of the flexible covering film 110 are not affected by the interruption of the external power supply. The micro photovoltaic module 310 is set in the side edge area of the dustproof module 100, which can not only avoid spatial interference with the main photovoltaic module 10, but also maximize the collection of scattered light energy by adjusting the tilt angle. In a strong sandstorm environment at night, the emergency power stored in the micro photovoltaic module 310 directly drives the reel 120 through a dedicated circuit, so that the flexible covering film 110 can complete the protective unfolding operation when the main power supply fails. The construction of the independent power supply system does not rely on the external power grid, and ensures the continuous availability of the protection function through the energy self-circulation mechanism.

[0073] In this type of embodiment, the present application achieves physical proximity between energy acquisition (micro-PV modules 310) and consumable components (drive mechanism) through the electrical connection between the micro-PV modules 310 and the drive mechanism. This not only eliminates long-distance power transmission losses but also ensures that protective functions are maintained during periods of active sandstorms through the real-time conversion and storage of light energy. Secondly, by providing micro-PV modules 310, the present application facilitates the normal operation of the dust-proof device for the PV modules in the event of a main power outage, addressing the issue of protection failure caused by power failures in extreme weather. The independent power supply of the micro-PV modules 310 ensures that the drive mechanism receives a continuous energy supply during sandstorms, ensuring that the flexible cover film 110 can be deployed promptly to form a physical barrier. This design achieves energy self-sufficiency through local energy extraction, eliminating reliance on external power sources and improving system reliability in harsh environments.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present application, the surface of the flexible cover film 110 is provided with wavy textures.

[0075] The wavy pattern refers to the continuous undulating structure formed on the surface of the flexible cover film 110. This pattern can be achieved through compression molding or laser etching, with the height difference between the peaks and troughs controlled within a range of 0.1-0.5 mm. The periodic arrangement of the pattern disperses the impact of strong wind-induced sand particles, reducing stress concentration per unit area. The non-planar shape of the pattern reduces the effective contact area between the sand particles and the surface of the flexible cover film 110, thereby weakening the electrostatic adsorption effect.

[0076] Specifically, when strong winds carry sand particles that impact the surface of the flexible cover film 110, the crests and troughs of the wavy patterns form a multi-directional reflective surface, forcing the sand particles to ricochet in different directions after collision, preventing them from concentrating on the same area. The recessed areas formed by the patterns act as buffers, absorbing some of the kinetic energy of the impact. During the dust adhesion phase, the air vortices generated by the patterns can disrupt the sand's deposition path, making it difficult for the sand to form a continuous covering layer. The topological structure of the patterns also reduces the number of contact points between the flexible cover film 110 surface and the sand particles, reducing the accumulation of static charge caused by friction, thereby alleviating stubborn dust accumulation caused by electrostatic adsorption.

[0077] Compared to traditional flat dust-proof films, which are prone to surface scratches and static dust accumulation in strong winds and sandstorms due to uniform force and continuous contact, this application, through innovative surface structure, disperses impact energy in multiple directions and creates a dynamic airflow environment, making it difficult for sand particles to adhere stably and reducing the risk of mechanical damage.

[0078] Through the above technical solution, the present application effectively reduces the adhesion of sand and dust to the surface of the flexible cover film 110, reduces frictional losses during mechanical cleaning, and extends the service life of the hydrophobic protective layer 111 in strong windy and sandy environments. The rapid sliding of sand particles on the super-hydrophobic surface prevents sand and dust accumulation from affecting the heat dissipation performance of the photovoltaic module 10, while also reducing the risk of surface scratches caused by sand friction when the protective device is deployed at night.

[0079] like Figure 8 As shown, the present application also provides a dust prevention method for a photovoltaic module, using the dust prevention device for a photovoltaic module in any of the above embodiments, and the dust prevention method for a photovoltaic module includes: Step S100: The light-sensing control module 200 monitors the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic module 10 and outputs a first control instruction when the light intensity is no greater than a first set threshold and remains for no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic module 10 stops generating electricity. Alternatively, the light-sensing control module 200 outputs a second control instruction when the light intensity is greater than the first set threshold. In step S200 , the driving mechanism in the covering dustproof module 100 receives a first control instruction to drive the flexible covering film 110 to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic component 10 , or receives a second control instruction to drive the flexible covering film 110 to retract to expose the surface of the photovoltaic component 10 .

[0080] The structures of the light sensing control module 200 and the covering dustproof module 100 can refer to the above contents and will not be described in detail here.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered merely as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dustproof device for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: include: A covering and dustproof module is installed on one side of the photovoltaic module, the covering and dustproof module includes a flexible covering film, a reel and a driving mechanism, the flexible covering film is used to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module, the reel is connected to the output end of the driving mechanism and is provided on one side of the photovoltaic module, the flexible covering film is rolled up on the reel, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module or reel to expose the surface of the photovoltaic module; The photosensitivity control module is used to monitor the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic component, and when the light intensity is no greater than a first set threshold and is maintained for a period of no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic component stops generating electricity, control the driving mechanism to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic component.

2. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible covering film comprises an electrostatic protection layer and a hydrophobic protection layer which are stacked. When the flexible covering film is in an unfolded state, the electrostatic protection layer is arranged on a side of the hydrophobic protection layer close to the photovoltaic module.

3. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The covering and dustproof module further comprises: A storage bin is provided below the reel; A cleaning member is provided in the storage bin and is used to clean the surface of the flexible covering film during the winding process of the flexible covering film.

4. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 2, characterized in that: The covering and dustproof module further comprises: The magnetic attraction member is provided on the flexible covering film and is used to fix the flexible covering film and the photovoltaic assembly when the flexible covering film is in an unfolded state.

5. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules further comprises: The auxiliary module includes an emergency control unit for monitoring the external air pressure and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic module when the drop value of the external air pressure per unit time is greater than a second set threshold.

6. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary module also includes: The micro photovoltaic assembly is arranged on one side of the covering dustproof module and is electrically connected to the driving mechanism.

7. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the flexible covering film is provided with wavy textures.

8. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide groove and a detachable dust box are provided in the storage bin. The dust box is provided at the outlet of the guide groove. The guide groove is used to guide the debris on the surface of the flexible covering film cleaned by the cleaning member to the dust box.

9. The dustproof device for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first set threshold is 50W / m², and the preset time period is 10 minutes.

10. A dust prevention method for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The dust prevention device for a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the dust prevention method for the photovoltaic module comprises: The light-sensing control module monitors the light intensity on the surface of the photovoltaic assembly, and outputs a first control instruction when the light intensity is no greater than the first set threshold and remains for no less than a preset time period, and the photovoltaic assembly stops generating electricity; and outputs a second control instruction when the light intensity is greater than the first set threshold; The driving mechanism in the covering and dustproof module receives the first control instruction to drive the flexible covering film to unfold to cover the surface of the photovoltaic component, or the driving mechanism receives the second control instruction to drive the flexible covering film to retract to expose the surface of the photovoltaic component.

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