Submersible and buoy network layout design method for exchange area sea area environment observation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, in particular to an exchange area sea area environment observation-oriented submerged and buoy network layout design method, which comprises the following steps of: extracting an Indonesian through flow core channel coordinate set, a Java upwelling intensity space-time distribution matrix and a monsoon influence weight coefficient through a multi-scale process recognition algorithm; based on an observation platform adaptive model, matching the typical ocean process characteristic parameters with sensitive sea area operation constraint conditions to generate a platform type combination scheme; constructing a fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, and outputting a collaborative observation strategy topological graph; a nested observation optimization algorithm is adopted, high, medium and low sampling frequencies are configured according to characteristics of a core channel area, an upwelling area and a monsoon influence area, and a multi-resolution nested layout scheme is generated. According to the invention, unification of space partition refinement, platform configuration collaboration and data acquisition high adaptability can be realized, and the coverage integrity of the sea environment observation network of the Phitai exchange area is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, and in particular to a submersible and buoy network layout design method for exchange zone marine environment observation. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of global climate change, the Indo-Pacific exchange region, as a vital ocean corridor connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans, is increasingly playing a prominent role in regional water transport, heat regulation, and ecosystem maintenance. The ocean processes in this region are highly complex, with multi-scale dynamic phenomena such as throughflow, upwelling, and monsoon circulation intertwined and superimposed. It exhibits significant hydrological nonlinearity and lies in a sensitive area where the maritime rights and interests of multiple countries intersect. To conduct long-term, continuous, and controllable environmental observations, various types of equipment, including submerged buoys, floats, and mobile observation platforms, are being gradually deployed. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the spatial structure of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and the diversity of its process-driving mechanisms, constructing a collaborative observation network with both environmental driving capabilities and topological robustness has become a core challenge in the design of ocean observation systems.

[0003] Existing methods for deploying ocean observation platforms often rely on uniform grids or single-platform layouts, lacking the ability to perceive processes in throughflow structures, upwelling zones, and monsoon transport zones. This results in prominent observation blind spots in some key areas and a lack of synchronization between data sampling frequency and dynamic changes. Furthermore, during the joint deployment of multiple platforms, existing methods generally lack the integration of operational constraints in sensitive waters and mechanisms for optimizing station locations, making it difficult to effectively balance observation integrity. Furthermore, communication link construction often relies on a fixed chain topology, lacking a breakpoint-resume mechanism and redundant link design for interference resistance. This makes the system unstable in high-noise or politically sensitive waters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for designing the layout of submersible and buoy networks for environmental observation in the exchange zone sea area, and provides a full-process network layout design method that combines the extraction of characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes, collaborative adaptation of observation platforms, topology construction and resolution nesting optimization, so as to achieve high-resolution, sustainable and highly compliant observation coverage of the exchange zone sea area.

[0005] A method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area comprises the following steps: S1, Ocean Feature Extraction: Input historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas, and output characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes through a multi-scale process identification algorithm. Typical ocean process characteristic parameters include the coordinate set of the core channel of the Indonesian throughflow, the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient; S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: The characteristic parameters output by S1 are input into the observation platform adaptation model. Combined with the preset sensitive sea area operation constraints, a platform type combination plan is generated. The platform type combination plan includes the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats, and the station coordinates are optimized based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy. S3, dynamic construction of network topology: Input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into the hybrid topology network generator, design the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, configure the breakpoint resume protocol through the acoustic wake-up module, and output the collaborative observation strategy topology map; S4, multi-resolution layout output: The collaborative observation strategy topology map of S3 is input into the nested observation optimization algorithm, and high, medium and low sampling frequencies are configured for the core channel area, upwelling area and monsoon influence area respectively to generate a multi-resolution nested layout scheme. The multi-resolution nested layout scheme includes the buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path.

[0006] Optionally, the S1 includes: S11, multi-source data standardization input: receiving historical ocean dynamics data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas, aligning the historical ocean dynamics data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region in time and space dimensions to generate a standardized ocean dynamics dataset; S12, multi-scale ocean process decomposition: inputting the standardized ocean dynamics dataset into a multi-scale process identification algorithm, performing a typical process scale differentiation process through three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and outputting a multi-scale ocean process component set; S13, typical characteristic parameter extraction: performing characteristic parameter calculation operations based on the multi-scale ocean process component set to generate initial characteristic parameters, the characteristic parameter calculation operations including: Calculate the maximum value of the vorticity field for the throughflow scale component and generate the initial core channel coordinate set; The vertical velocity standard deviation of the mesoscale eddy component is calculated to generate the initial upwelling intensity matrix; Calculate the kinetic energy spectrum density weight of the monsoon scale component to generate the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient; S14, Geopolitical Constraint Correction: The geopolitical boundary data of the sensitive sea area is integrated and corrected with the initial characteristic parameters, specifically including: Traversing the initial core channel coordinate set, removing coordinate points with an overlap rate of more than 30% with the exclusive economic zone, and outputting the Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set; Traversing the initial upwelling intensity matrix, resetting the values of data cells whose matrix cell positions fall into the control area to zero, and outputting the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity; A boundary attenuation function is applied to the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient to generate a monsoon impact weight coefficient, wherein the boundary attenuation function is: ; in, Initial monsoon impact weight coefficient, d is the nautical mile distance to the nearest border, is the boundary attenuation function, is the monsoon impact weight coefficient; S15, characteristic parameter integration output: integrating the Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set, the Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient, and packaging to generate typical ocean process characteristic parameters.

[0007] Optionally, performing the typical process scale differentiation processing by three-level wavelet packet decomposition includes: The first level of decomposition extracts the monsoon-scale component, which corresponds to a low-frequency signal with a wavelength greater than 1000 kilometers; The second stage decomposition extracts the mesoscale eddy component, which corresponds to an intermediate frequency signal with a wavelength between 100 and 500 kilometers; The third level of decomposition extracts the throughflow scale component, which corresponds to a high-frequency signal with a wavelength less than 50 kilometers.

[0008] Optionally, the S2 includes: S21, initialization of the observation platform adaptation model: By building a basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, the basic technical parameters of the observation platform are sorted and summarized, including the preset parameters of the real-time buoy, the preset parameters of the self-contained buoy, and the preset parameters of the Argo float, among which: The preset parameters of the real-time buoy include maximum operating depth, data return frequency and acoustic communication radius; The preset parameters of the self-contained buoy include energy endurance, storage capacity and flow resistance; The preset parameters of the Argo float include drift track deviation, profile measurement interval, and satellite communication delay; S22, characteristic parameter-platform matching operation: The characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes output by S1 and the operation constraints in sensitive sea areas are input into the observation platform adaptation model to perform matching operations, including the calculation of the real-time submersible buoy ratio, the function allocation of self-contained submersible buoys, and the number allocation of Argo floats. The initial platform type combination plan is output, including the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats. S23, EEZ station optimization: Based on the EEZ collaborative observation strategy, the station configuration of the platform type combination scheme involving the overlapping waters of the EEZ and the regulation area is strategically optimized.

[0009] Optionally, the S2 further includes: S24, constraint compliance verification: The optimized platform type combination plan is verified against the sensitive sea area operation constraints item by item, including real-time buoy position verification, self-contained buoy depth verification, and Argo buoy path verification, and a compliant platform type combination plan is output; S25, Collaborative Strategy Integration Output: Integrate the compliant platform type combination schemes and their associated station coordinates to generate the final platform type combination scheme. The station coordinates include the real-time buoy coordinate set, the self-contained buoy coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set.

[0010] Optionally, the collaborative observation strategy for the exclusive economic zone is specifically as follows: by identifying the boundary coordinates of the exclusive economic zones of Malaysia and Indonesia, clarifying the operating scope of multiple countries' waters, deploying automatic weather stations at the Wanjie land base station in Malaysia for nearshore atmospheric and sea-air flux observations, and within the Indonesian exclusive economic zone, implementing real-time buoy deployment in the Lombok Strait through a China-Indonesia joint voyage to achieve cross-border cooperative observation tasks; in the high seas area, using autonomously organized ocean voyages to deploy Argo buoy arrays, building a background observation network, and ensuring the coordination of multi-source data coverage.

[0011] Optionally, the S3 includes: S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: configure the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator, receive the platform type combination scheme output by S2, and parse the real-time buoy coordinate set, self-contained buoy coordinate set and Argo float initial position set; S32, fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link construction: performing fixed platform link planning and mobile platform relay path generation in the hybrid topology network generator, and outputting an initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link; S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: Embed an acoustic wake-up module in the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link to achieve low-power communication and breakpoint resume capability.

[0012] Optionally, the S3 further includes: S34, Anti-interference topology enhancement: Strengthening the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link based on sensitive sea area operation constraints; S35, topology map integration output: Integrate the enhanced fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and acoustic wake-up module configuration to generate a collaborative observation strategy topology map.

[0013] Optionally, the S4 includes: S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: by analyzing the collaborative observation strategy topology map, based on spatial region identification and node type screening, a representative set of observation platforms in three functional areas is extracted, including the set of submerged buoy nodes in the core channel area, the set of buoy nodes in the upwelling area, and the set of mobile platforms in the monsoon influence area; S42, sampling frequency partition configuration: in the nested observation optimization algorithm, a sampling frequency partition mapping relationship is established according to regional characteristics and observation targets; S43, 3D observation parameter optimization: Based on the sampling frequency configuration of each area, the 3D observation parameters of the buoy deployment depth, buoy horizontal spacing and mobile platform path are optimized respectively to generate the buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path; S44, multi-resolution nested integration: Integrate the generated buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path to construct a multi-resolution nested layout scheme under regional division and generate the final multi-resolution nested layout scheme.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: This paper uses a multiscale process identification algorithm to extract characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes, including the coordinates of the core channel of the Indonesian throughflow, the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient. It also incorporates geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas to modify regional configuration, ensuring that platform deployment is dynamic and environmentally responsive. Furthermore, an observation platform adaptation model is used to precisely match different types of observation platforms (real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats) with regional characteristics, effectively improving overall observation efficiency and deployment rationality.

[0015] This invention, based on a platform type combination scheme, employs a hybrid topology network generator to design a fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link. This design integrates an acoustic wake-up module and a resumable transmission protocol to achieve low-power, highly robust communication between multi-source observation nodes. Furthermore, an anti-interference mechanism is constructed based on operational constraints in sensitive waters. Redundant relay links and anti-pulse interference strategies are deployed in areas of frequent military activity to ensure the continuous availability of the network structure and the transmission integrity of critical data.

[0016] This invention uses a nested observation optimization algorithm to divide the observation area into the core channel area, the upwelling area, and the monsoon influence area. High, medium, and low sampling frequencies are configured for each area. A buoy deployment depth gradient, a buoy spacing matrix, and a mobile platform cruising path are generated for each area, forming a multi-level, scalable, three-dimensional nested observation layout. This multi-resolution nested layout scheme achieves comprehensive vertical-horizontal-path coordination, covering multi-scale dynamic processes such as diurnal tides, monsoons, and circulation, significantly improving the spatial coverage and temporal response accuracy of observations in the exchange zone. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a method flow in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the S3 process of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is also noted that, to provide a more detailed description, the following embodiments are best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may employ alternative methods for implementing certain known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are intended only to provide a more detailed description of the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area includes the following steps: S1, Ocean Feature Extraction: Input historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas, and output characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes through a multi-scale process identification algorithm. Typical ocean process characteristic parameters include the coordinate set of the core channel of the Indonesian throughflow, the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient; S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: The characteristic parameters output by S1 are input into the observation platform adaptation model. Combined with the preset sensitive sea area operation constraints, a platform type combination plan is generated. The platform type combination plan includes the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats, and the station coordinates are optimized based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy. S3, dynamic construction of network topology: Input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into the hybrid topology network generator, design the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, configure the breakpoint resume protocol through the acoustic wake-up module, and output the collaborative observation strategy topology map; S4, multi-resolution layout output: The collaborative observation strategy topology map of S3 is input into the nested observation optimization algorithm, and high, medium and low sampling frequencies are configured for the core channel area, upwelling area and monsoon influence area respectively to generate a multi-resolution nested layout scheme. The multi-resolution nested layout scheme includes the buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path.

[0021] S1 includes: S11, Standardized input of multi-source data: By receiving historical ocean dynamics data of the Indo-Pacific exchange zone from satellite remote sensing, drifting buoy observations, and reanalysis products (such as ECCO or HYCOM), and supplemented by inputting data on geopolitical boundaries of sensitive sea areas delineated by nautical charts and the International Maritime Organization, the ocean dynamics data are temporally aligned (using linear interpolation to unify to daily resolution) and spatially resampled (using bilinear interpolation to unify to a 0.1°×0.1° grid). The above processing can construct a standardized ocean dynamics dataset in a unified format with the following data dimensions: ; Where u, v, w are three-dimensional velocity components, T is temperature, S is salinity, is the 4D grid index.

[0022] Example: After processing the HYCOM dataset from 2000 to 2020, A total of 7,300 frames of daily standardized data sets are generated in the region, with a spatial coverage of approximately 160,000 grid points.

[0023] S12, multi-scale ocean process decomposition: The standardized ocean dynamics dataset is input into the multi-scale process identification algorithm. The typical process scales are distinguished by three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and a multi-scale ocean process component set is output. The specific process is as follows: First level decomposition (monsoon scale): extract wavelength The low-frequency component of ,preserves the interannual to seasonal scale variations; Second level decomposition (mesoscale eddies): extract wavelength The medium-frequency perturbation retains the mesoscale eddy signal; Third level decomposition (through-flow scale): extract wavelength The high-frequency disturbances highlight the main channel of the throughflow and its drastic change areas.

[0024] The formula is as follows, taking the throughflow scale as an example: ; in, is the jth wavelet component weight, is the corresponding wavelet basis function, and J is the index set of the corresponding scale frequency band.

[0025] S13, typical characteristic parameter extraction: Based on the above multi-scale ocean process component set, characteristic parameter calculations under different physical meanings are performed separately to quantitatively characterize the core position and intensity of key dynamic processes.

[0026] Convective throughflow scale component , calculate the vorticity field: ; Extract its spatial maximum point as the initial core channel coordinate set; Mesoscale eddy component , calculate the standard deviation of the vertical velocity w: ; Get the initial upwelling intensity matrix; Monsoon scale component ,Estimation of monsoon impact weight based on kinetic energy spectrum density: ; in, is the kinetic energy spectral density, the integration interval corresponds to the annual-seasonal frequency segment, and the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient is output.

[0027] Example: In the monsoon outbreak area west of Sumatra, the monsoon impact weight It is much higher than that in the inner equatorial region, verifying the distribution characteristics of monsoon transport; S14, Geopolitical Constraint Correction: To ensure that the subsequent observation platform layout does not violate the boundary constraints of the exclusive economic zone and the regulatory zone, the above initial characteristic parameters are corrected.

[0028] Throughflow core channel elimination algorithm: Calculate the overlapping area ratio R between each coordinate point and the adjacent exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundary. If R>0.3, the point is eliminated: ; Output the coordinate set of the core channel of Indonesian throughflow; Upwelling matrix shielding operation: in the initial upwelling intensity matrix, the cell values falling into the control area grid position are directly set to zero; Monsoon impact boundary attenuation correction: Taking into account the weakening effect of boundary effect on wind stress coupling, an exponential attenuation function is applied to the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient: ; in, Initial monsoon impact weight coefficient, d is the nautical mile distance to the nearest border, is the boundary attenuation function, is the monsoon impact weight coefficient.

[0029] Example: The initial monsoon influence coefficient is 1.0, about 100 nautical miles from the border, and the corrected coefficient is about 0.606, indicating that the monsoon effect in the marginal area is weakened.

[0030] S15, Characteristic Parameter Integration Output: Finally, the revised Indonesian Throughflow core channel coordinates, the Java Upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix, and the monsoon influence weight coefficients are integrated to form a set of characteristic parameters for typical ocean processes. This set will serve as the key input to the multi-platform collaborative strategy generation module in the subsequent step S2, providing the ocean process driving basis and spatial stratification basis for the joint deployment of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats.

[0031] S2 includes: S21, Observation Platform Adaptation Model Initialization: By constructing the basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, the key performance indicators and applicable conditions of the three types of observation platforms are first set: among them, the real-time submersible must have an operating depth of more than 3,000 meters, support data return of no less than four times a day, and meet an acoustic communication radius of more than 10 kilometers; the self-contained submersible must have an energy endurance of no less than 180 days, a local data storage capacity of more than 32GB, and its anti-current capability is graded according to its shape drag coefficient; the Argo float is defined based on its historical operating data as having an average drift trajectory deviation of 10 to 50 kilometers, a profile measurement interval of 10 days, and a satellite communication response delay of no more than 12 hours. These parameters are loaded into the observation platform adaptation model as constraints and adapted to the subsequent characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes.

[0032] S22, characteristic parameter-platform matching calculation: After inputting the characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes and the operating constraints of sensitive sea areas into the observation platform adaptation model, the platform matching calculation task is performed, including: (1) Calculation of real-time buoy ratio: Based on the spatial density distribution of the core channel coordinate set of the Indonesian throughflow, the number of channel coordinate points in each standard grid cell is counted to obtain the overall distribution density. The following calculation model is then used to estimate the required number of real-time buoys: ; in, Indicates the i-th The number of coordinate points in the grid, Point / grid is the basis for placement density. Indicates the safety margin.

[0033] Example: If there are 230 coordinate points distributed in 35 grid cells in the target area, the calculated number of real-time potential markers is indivual.

[0034] (2) Self-contained buoy function allocation: According to the gradient value of each grid point in the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, , set three levels of flow resistance and corresponding observation tasks: when When setting, set it to Level 1 and configure the basic temperature and salinity profile data collection task; when When the level is set to Level 2, configure the joint acquisition of temperature and salinity profiles and velocity profiles; when When , set it to Level 3 and configure the turbulence energy spectrum observation and local high-frequency data storage tasks.

[0035] Example: In the high eddy zone west of Sumatra, the average gradient of the self-contained buoy is 1.2, corresponding to the configuration of Level 3 mission.

[0036] (3) Allocation of Argo float numbers: Based on the monsoon impact weight coefficient, the observation area is divided into three priority areas, and the float density standard is set for each area: High priority area (weight ≥ 0.7): one Argo float is deployed every 20,000 km²; Medium priority area (0.3≤weight<0.7): one Argo float is deployed every 50,000 km²; Low priority area (weight < 0.3): 1 Argo float is deployed per 100,000 km².

[0037] Example: Three Argo floats are deployed in the northern Kalimantan region (weight coefficient 0.75), which is approximately 60,000 km² and has a significant monsoon influence.

[0038] After the above matching calculations, a platform type combination plan is generated, including the quantity ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats, which is output as the preliminary deployment plan before deployment.

[0039] S23. Optimization of collaborative observation strategies in the exclusive economic zone: Based on the collaborative observation strategy in the exclusive economic zone, space station optimization processing is performed on the platform type combination scheme. This strategy specifically includes: identifying the boundary coordinates of the exclusive economic zones of Malaysia and Indonesia to clarify the maritime area authority for observation activities. In the Malaysian exclusive economic zone, an automatic weather station will be deployed at the Bachok land base station in Malaysia as an outpost for atmospheric data collection. In the Indonesian exclusive economic zone, real-time buoys will be deployed in the Lombok Strait area through joint China-Indonesia voyages to ensure the legal compliance of cross-border shared data sources. In the high seas outside the exclusive economic zone, the Argo buoy array will be deployed entirely through autonomous scientific research voyages.

[0040] For station optimization, the following processing is further performed: In areas of overlapping exclusive economic zones where the overlap of claims exceeds 15%, the original real-time buoys will be replaced with dual-nationality certified buoys, and an avoidance buffer zone will be set along the drift path of the Argo buoys. The buffer zone width will be calculated as 2% of the area of the area, with a maximum of 5 nautical miles. In the control area where the sensitive sea area operation constraint identification code is MSA=1, all self-contained buoys enable passive sonar avoidance mode and adjust the sampling interval to be greater than 3 times the typical pulse period of military sonar to avoid acoustic interference.

[0041] S24, Constraint Compliance Verification: Compare the platform type combination plan optimized by the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy with the sensitive waters operation constraints item by item to complete the compliance review. The following verification items are included: Real-time buoy position verification: Each real-time buoy deployment point must be at least 5 nautical miles away from the boundary of the restricted navigation zone. If this requirement is not met, the shortest path offset will be made along the normal direction of the throughflow channel until compliance requirements are met; Depth verification of self-contained submersible buoy: its deployment depth should avoid the submarine cable protection zone, that is, its depth cannot fall within the safety range of 50 meters above or below the cable depth; Argo float path verification: Its simulated drift path must always remain at least 12 nautical miles from the border of non-contracting countries throughout the entire deployment period.

[0042] After the compliance verification is completed, the final compliant platform type combination plan is output.

[0043] S25, Collaborative Strategy Integration Output: After completing the verification of sensitive waters operation constraints, the compliant platform type combination plan and all station data are integrated to generate the final platform type combination plan. The platform type combination plan includes the total number of real-time buoys, the distribution of the current resistance level of self-contained buoys, and the regional number ratio of Argo floats. The station coordinate set obtained by optimizing the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy is also output. The station coordinate set includes the real-time buoy coordinate set, the self-contained buoy coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set. S3 includes: S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: by configuring the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator, receiving the platform type combination scheme output in step S2, and parsing the coordinate information therein, including the real-time buoy coordinate set, the self-contained buoy coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set; S32, Fixed-Mobile Platform Joint Data Transmission Link Construction: Establishing a cross-platform communication structure in the hybrid topology network generator is performed in two parts: Fixed platform link planning: Real-time buoys are used as cluster head nodes, and self-contained buoys are based on the acoustic communication radius. Execute space ownership, and the ownership conditions are as follows: ; in, Indicates the real-time buoy position. Represents the position of the self-contained buoy, which can form a stable static observation subcluster after being assigned.

[0044] (2) Mobile platform relay path generation: Constructing the drift prediction path set of the Argo buoy based on historical trajectory data and ocean current prediction model , and calculate the shortest acoustic communication reachable distance matrix between it and all potential buoys: ; Output initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link.

[0045] S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: Embeds an acoustic wake-up module for the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link to achieve low-power communication and breakpoint resume capability: (1) Configure the sleep-wake cycle and trigger mechanism: Platform Type Default monitoring period Wake-up trigger condition Real-time buoyancy 10 minutes Detected flow velocity change greater than 0.2 m / s Self-contained submersible 60 minutes Receive external wake-up signal Argo buoys 30 minutes A sea surface temperature gradient greater than 0.5°C / km was detected (2) Load the breakpoint resume protocol, including the following mechanisms: Each data packet is accompanied by a frame number and a CRC-32 checksum; Define the data transmission interrupt handling mechanism: If a response timeout or CRC check fails, the system will automatically switch to the backup acoustic frequency band for retransmission and record the breakpoint location for subsequent recovery; S34, Anti-interference topology enhancement: Based on the operating constraints in sensitive waters, the collaborative link is enhanced: (1) In the sonar activity area with identification code SONAR=1, redundant relay buoys shall be added. The number shall be calculated as follows: ; in, is the area of high-risk sea areas, in square kilometers; (2) Introducing an anti-pulse interference mechanism for the breakpoint resume protocol: When the center frequency is detected kHz strong pulse signal, will: Pause the current transmission and record the interruption timestamp ; Automatically switch to kHz backup communication frequency band continues to transmit to ensure link stability.

[0046] S35, topology map integration output: Based on the integration of the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and the acoustic wake-up module, the final collaborative observation strategy topology map is generated. The topology map includes the following structure: Node attribute table, which records the type, geographic coordinates, and wake-up configuration parameters of each platform node: Node ID type coordinate Wake-up parameters R001 Real-time buoyancy <![CDATA[(x1, y1, z1)]]> Period = 10 minutes A023 Argo buoys <![CDATA[(x2, y2)]]> Trigger condition = Sea temperature gradient Link relationship matrix , indicating whether there is a valid acoustic link between any two platform nodes: ; The above collaborative observation strategy topology map will serve as the input of the multi-resolution layout optimization in step S4.

[0047] S4 includes: S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: by analyzing the collaborative observation strategy topology map, based on spatial area identification and node type screening, the representative observation platform sets of three functional areas are extracted, which are the potential buoy node sets of the core channel area. , buoy node set in the upwelling area and mobile platform collection in monsoon-affected areas , the nodes in each collection will serve as the direct policy objects for subsequent nested configurations.

[0048] S42, Sampling frequency partition configuration: In the nested observation optimization algorithm, a sampling frequency partition mapping relationship is established based on regional characteristics and observation targets, including: (1) High sampling frequency configuration in core channel area: The sampling frequency of each buoy node is set to no more than once every 10 minutes, and the adaptive sampling mechanism is enabled by real-time monitoring of flow rate and salinity changes. The trigger conditions are defined as follows: ; in is the flow velocity change, is the salinity change.

[0049] (2) Sampling frequency configuration in upwelling area: Each buoy node is set to sample once an hour, sampling temperature, salinity, depth profiles, and chlorophyll concentration in the surface water. This configuration is suitable for capturing biogeochemical anomalies induced by upwelling.

[0050] (3) Low sampling frequency configuration in monsoon-affected areas: Each mobile platform is set to a low sampling frequency of once a day. The sampling variables include sea surface temperature and wind speed vector field, which are suitable for reflecting monsoon transport and large-scale surface circulation trends. For example, in a core channel area south of Indonesian waters, the measured flow velocity changed by 0.18 m / s, triggering a real-time buoy to enter high-frequency continuous sampling mode. Meanwhile, at a buoy node in the upwelling zone off the coast of Sulawesi, hourly collected temperature and salinity profiles combined with chlorophyll concentration data effectively captured changes in the nutrient front.

[0051] S43, 3D observation parameter optimization: Based on the sampling frequency configuration of each area, 3D observation parameters are optimized for the buoy deployment depth, buoy horizontal spacing, and mobile platform path, including: (1) Generation of depth gradient for buoy deployment (core channel area): The depth intervals of three typical water layers are set as the basis for deployment gradient: ; Combined with the maximum operating water depth of each area , construct a depth sequence: .

[0052] Example: If the core channel area =1200m, then the buoy deployment layers are 0 m, 50 m, 150 m, 350 m, 550 m, 750 m, 950 m, and 1150 m.

[0053] (2) Buoy spacing matrix construction (upwelling area): Construct the buoy spacing matrix based on the communication coverage requirements between buoys: ; in, represents the acoustic communication radius of the i-th buoy, is the acoustic overlap coefficient. Set the constraints: ; (3) Mobile platform cruise path planning (monsoon impact area): Based on the spatial distribution of the monsoon impact weight coefficient, all monsoon impact areas are first ranked by weight, and areas with higher monsoon weight coefficients are prioritized as the focus of path planning. For each high-priority area, a spiral observation path centered on the area is generated. The path coverage range is usually 10 kilometers in radius, and it expands outward layer by layer to ensure full coverage of the surface ocean processes driven by the monsoon. Multiple observation paths are connected in time and space between regions through the connection planning between mobile platforms, and finally a set of mobile platform cruise paths covering the entire monsoon impact area is formed: S44, multi-resolution nested integration: Integrate the buoy placement depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix, and mobile platform cruising path generated in the previous step to construct a multi-resolution nested layout solution under regional division. The specific mapping is as follows: Region Type Resolution control parameters Implementation Core channel area Buoy deployment depth gradient Vertical encrypted observation chain Upwelling zone Buoy spacing matrix Horizontal adaptive grid Monsoon-affected areas Mobile platform cruising path Track coverage optimization To ensure the systematicity and coordination of the nested layout, further time-space coupling tests were conducted to verify the following: Whether high-frequency sampling fully covers the daily tidal cycle; Whether the mobile platform path is synchronized with the monsoon phase changes; Whether the buoy spacing setting avoids communication overlap or blind spots.

[0054] Output the final multi-resolution nested layout solution, including the following three types of parameters: The depth gradient of buoy deployment in the core channel area, the buoy spacing matrix in the upwelling area, and the mobile platform cruising path in the monsoon influence area.

[0055] The present invention encompasses any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and solutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. To provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail below in connection with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will be able to fully understand the present invention without these detailed descriptions. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail.

[0056] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, Ocean Feature Extraction: Input historical ocean dynamic data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas, and output characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes through a multi-scale process identification algorithm. Typical ocean process characteristic parameters include the coordinate set of the core channel of the Indonesian throughflow, the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient; S2, multi-platform collaborative strategy generation: The characteristic parameters output by S1 are input into the observation platform adaptation model. Combined with the preset sensitive sea area operation constraints, a platform type combination plan is generated. The platform type combination plan includes the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats, and the station coordinates are optimized based on the exclusive economic zone collaborative observation strategy. S3, dynamic construction of network topology: Input the platform type combination scheme output by S2 into the hybrid topology network generator, design the fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link, configure the breakpoint resume protocol through the acoustic wake-up module, and output the collaborative observation strategy topology map; S4, multi-resolution layout output: The collaborative observation strategy topology map of S3 is input into the nested observation optimization algorithm, and high, medium and low sampling frequencies are configured for the core channel area, upwelling area and monsoon influence area respectively to generate a multi-resolution nested layout scheme. The multi-resolution nested layout scheme includes the buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path.

2. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 1, characterized in that: Said S1 comprises: S11, multi-source data standardization input: receiving historical ocean dynamics data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region and geopolitical boundary data of sensitive sea areas, aligning the historical ocean dynamics data of the Indo-Pacific exchange region in time and space dimensions to generate a standardized ocean dynamics dataset; S12, multi-scale ocean process decomposition: inputting the standardized ocean dynamics dataset into a multi-scale process identification algorithm, performing a typical process scale differentiation process through three-level wavelet packet decomposition, and outputting a multi-scale ocean process component set; S13, typical characteristic parameter extraction: performing characteristic parameter calculation operations based on the multi-scale ocean process component set to generate initial characteristic parameters, the characteristic parameter calculation operations including: Calculate the maximum value of the vorticity field for the throughflow scale component and generate the initial core channel coordinate set; The vertical velocity standard deviation of the mesoscale eddy component is calculated to generate the initial upwelling intensity matrix; Calculate the kinetic energy spectrum density weight of the monsoon scale component to generate the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient; S14, Geopolitical Constraint Correction: The geopolitical boundary data of the sensitive sea area is integrated and corrected with the initial characteristic parameters, specifically including: Traversing the initial core channel coordinate set, removing coordinate points with an overlap rate of more than 30% with the exclusive economic zone, and outputting the Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set; Traversing the initial upwelling intensity matrix, resetting the values of data cells whose matrix cell positions fall into the control area to zero, and outputting the spatiotemporal distribution matrix of the Java upwelling intensity; A boundary attenuation function is applied to the initial monsoon impact weight coefficient to generate a monsoon impact weight coefficient, wherein the boundary attenuation function is: ； in, Initial monsoon impact weight coefficient, d is the nautical mile distance to the nearest border, is the boundary attenuation function, is the monsoon impact weight coefficient; S15, characteristic parameter integration output: integrating the Indonesian throughflow core channel coordinate set, the Java upwelling intensity spatiotemporal distribution matrix, and the monsoon influence weight coefficient, and packaging to generate typical ocean process characteristic parameters.

3. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The typical process scale differentiation processing is performed by three-level wavelet packet decomposition, including: The first level decomposition extracts the monsoon scale component, which corresponds to a low-frequency signal with a wavelength greater than 1000 kilometers; The second stage decomposition extracts the mesoscale eddy component, which corresponds to an intermediate frequency signal with a wavelength between 100 and 500 kilometers; The third level of decomposition extracts the throughflow scale component, which corresponds to a high-frequency signal with a wavelength less than 50 kilometers.

4. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The S2 includes: S21, initialization of the observation platform adaptation model: By building a basic database of the observation platform adaptation model, the basic technical parameters of the observation platform are sorted and summarized, including the preset parameters of the real-time buoy, the preset parameters of the self-contained buoy, and the preset parameters of the Argo float, among which: The preset parameters of the real-time buoy include maximum operating depth, data return frequency and acoustic communication radius; The preset parameters of the self-contained buoy include energy endurance, storage capacity and flow resistance; The preset parameters of the Argo float include drift track deviation, profile measurement interval, and satellite communication delay; S22, characteristic parameter-platform matching operation: The characteristic parameters of typical ocean processes output by S1 and the operation constraints in sensitive sea areas are input into the observation platform adaptation model to perform matching operations, including the calculation of the real-time submersible buoy ratio, the function allocation of self-contained submersible buoys, and the number allocation of Argo floats. The initial platform type combination plan is output, including the number ratio and function allocation of real-time submersible buoys, self-contained submersible buoys, and Argo floats. S23, EEZ station optimization: Based on the EEZ collaborative observation strategy, the station configuration of the platform type combination scheme involving the overlapping waters of the EEZ and the regulation area is strategically optimized.

5. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Said S2 further comprises: S24, constraint compliance verification: The optimized platform type combination plan is verified against the sensitive sea area operation constraints item by item, including real-time buoy position verification, self-contained buoy depth verification, and Argo buoy path verification, and a compliant platform type combination plan is output; S25, Collaborative Strategy Integration Output: Integrate the compliant platform type combination schemes and their associated station coordinates to generate the final platform type combination scheme. The station coordinates include the real-time buoy coordinate set, the self-contained buoy coordinate set, and the Argo float initial position set.

6. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific strategy for collaborative observation in the exclusive economic zone is as follows: by identifying the boundary coordinates of the exclusive economic zones of Malaysia and Indonesia, the scope of operation in the waters of multiple countries is clarified, and an automatic weather station is deployed at the Wanjie land-based station in Malaysia for near-shore atmospheric and sea-air flux observations. Within the exclusive economic zone of Indonesia, real-time buoy deployment is implemented in the Lombok Strait through a joint China-Indonesia voyage to achieve cross-border collaborative observation missions. In the high seas, an Argo buoy array is deployed through autonomous ocean voyages to build a background observation network.

7. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S3 includes: S31, hybrid topology network generator initialization: configure the input interface of the hybrid topology network generator, receive the platform type combination scheme output by S2, and parse the real-time buoy coordinate set, self-contained buoy coordinate set and Argo float initial position set; S32, fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link construction: performing fixed platform link planning and mobile platform relay path generation in the hybrid topology network generator, and outputting an initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link; S33, acoustic wake-up module integration: Embed an acoustic wake-up module in the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link to achieve low-power communication and breakpoint resume capability.

8. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 7, characterized in that: Said S3 further comprises: S34, Anti-interference topology enhancement: Strengthening the initial fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link based on sensitive sea area operation constraints; S35, topology map integration output: Integrate the enhanced fixed-mobile platform joint data transmission link and acoustic wake-up module configuration to generate a collaborative observation strategy topology map.

9. The method for designing a network layout of submersible and buoy vessels for observing the marine environment in an exchange area according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S4 includes: S41, nested observation optimization algorithm initialization: by analyzing the collaborative observation strategy topology map, based on spatial region identification and node type screening, a representative set of observation platforms in three functional areas is extracted, including the set of submerged buoy nodes in the core channel area, the set of buoy nodes in the upwelling area, and the set of mobile platforms in the monsoon influence area; S42, sampling frequency partition configuration: in the nested observation optimization algorithm, a sampling frequency partition mapping relationship is established according to regional characteristics and observation targets; S43, 3D observation parameter optimization: Based on the sampling frequency configuration of each area, the 3D observation parameters of the buoy deployment depth, buoy horizontal spacing and mobile platform path are optimized respectively to generate the buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path; S44, multi-resolution nested integration: Integrate the generated buoy deployment depth gradient, buoy spacing matrix and mobile platform cruising path to construct a multi-resolution nested layout scheme under regional division and generate the final multi-resolution nested layout scheme.

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