Simple cultivation method for high-yield hybrid rice

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield hybrid rice simplified cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, sowing in good time to avoid the influence of bad weather; s2, the number of hybrid rice seeds and basic seedlings is increased, and effective panicles are greatly increased; s3, a high fertilizer application level is kept, and scientific fertilizer and water management is conducted; s4, final-period management is well grasped; s5, implementing a lodging-resistant technology; s6, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds. According to the light and simple cultivation method for the high-yield hybrid rice, through basic seedling increasing, scientific fertilizer and water management and lodging-resistant and disease and pest prevention technologies, effective panicles are greatly increased, the total grain number is properly reduced, the maturing rate is increased, a high-yield population structure suitable for modern agricultural light and simple cultivation is formed, and the yield of the high-yield hybrid rice is increased by applying measures suitable for large-area light and simple cultivation. The effective panicle and the maturing rate of the high-yield hybrid rice variety are greatly increased, and the purposes of adapting to modern agricultural production and development requirements and improving the large-area rice yield level are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a simple and easy cultivation method for high-yield hybrid rice. Background Art

[0002] Professor Yuan Longping's high-yield hybrid rice demonstration plots have consistently seen rising yields, demonstrating the potential for new hybrid rice varieties to increase yields under meticulous management. However, these varieties have proven difficult to promote for large-scale production. This is primarily due to the fact that, in addition to being constrained by regional climatic conditions, these high-yield hybrid rice varieties typically produce large panicles with numerous grains but a relatively small number of effective panicles under modern agricultural production conditions. This often results in low seed set due to poor fertilizer and water management or weather conditions, resulting in an apparent high yield but a low yield. These varieties are unsuitable for simple cultivation and are difficult for large-scale growers to adopt, hindering the widespread adoption and yield increase of these high-yield hybrid rice varieties. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for light and simple cultivation of high-yield hybrid rice. By applying measures suitable for large-scale light and simple cultivation, the effective panicles and seed setting rate of high-yield hybrid rice varieties are greatly increased, so as to achieve the purpose of adapting to the development requirements of modern agricultural production and improving the rice yield level in large areas, and solve the technical problem that high-yield hybrid rice varieties have too few effective panicles and low seed setting rate, resulting in low yield.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] S1. Sow seeds at the right time to avoid adverse weather conditions;

[0006] S2. Increase the number of hybrid rice seeds and basic seedlings, increase the number of effective panicles, and improve the fruit set rate;

[0007] S3. Maintain a high level of fertilizer use and scientific fertilizer and water management;

[0008] S4. Pay close attention to post-production management to ensure sufficient sources of photosynthetic products for filling;

[0009] S5. Implement anti-lodging technology to prevent lodging under high-yield conditions;

[0010] S6. Carry out pest and disease control to prevent pests and diseases and ensure healthy growth.

[0011] Preferably, the step S1 of avoiding adverse weather influences specifically involves avoiding different disastrous weather conditions according to different seasons. Since the time and severity of meteorological disasters vary, they can only be adjusted according to the approximate time periods of previous years through the sowing period. For example, regular meteorological disasters such as the late spring cold snap during the early rice seedling raising stage in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the high temperature and heat damage from late July to mid-August, and the "Cold Dew Wind" during the late rice heading period.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the number of seeds and basic seedlings is increased to increase the effective ears and fruit setting rate. The effect of increasing the amount of seeds used is to increase the basic seedlings. The increase in the number of basic seedlings can significantly increase the number of effective ears. The increase in the number of effective ears will lead to a decrease in the total number of grains per ear, reduce the proportion of weak flowers, shorten the secondary filling time, and increase the fruit setting rate. Increasing the amount of seeds and basic seedlings is not the more the better. From the perspective of appropriate population density and input-output ratio, the general sowing amount of early season hybrid rice can reach 45kg / hm 2 , the sowing rate of medium and late rice can reach 37.5kg / hm 2 .

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, according to the "three-fixed cultivation method" of rice, the fertilization ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 1:0.6:0.8, and the yield per unit area is 9000, 10500, and 12000 kg / hm 2 The nitrogen application rates were 165, 195 and 225 kg / hm2 respectively. 2 .

[0014] Preferably, the fertilizer application in step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S31. Base fertilizer is mainly used, tillering fertilizer is applied early, ear fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are applied skillfully; base fertilizer is mainly slow-release compound fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer;

[0016] S32. Tillering fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for about 40% of the total nitrogen application, with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0017] S33. The ear fertilizer should be mainly low-nitrogen compound fertilizer, or potassium chloride mixed with urea, accounting for 20% of the total nitrogen application amount;

[0018] S34. During the tillering, booting and heading stages, apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizers or brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers to promote growth in conjunction with pest and disease control.

[0019] Preferably, the fertilizer and water management in step S3 is implemented by dry cultivation before three leaves, shallow water tillering, field sun drying after enough seedlings, keeping moist during the heading period, heading with water, and strengthening seeds by both dry and wet methods.

[0020] Preferably, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S41. Water management: Moist irrigation during the booting stage; Maintain a water layer during the heading stage; Deep water or running water irrigation should be used during high temperatures to reduce field temperatures; Maintain deep watering during low temperatures; Dry-wet-dry water management during the grain filling stage; Cut off watering 7 days before harvest.

[0022] S42, nutrient management: use 45% (NPK content 15%) compound fertilizer 300-375kg / hm 2Or use potassium chloride 150kg / hm 2 , + urea 45kg / hm 2 As ear fertilizer;

[0023] S43. Pest and disease control: Control leaf rollers, rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, sheath blight and rice blast.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, the later management of rice should focus on nourishing roots and protecting leaves, meeting water and fertilizer needs and improving photosynthetic efficiency.

[0025] Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0026] S51. Apply balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to soil fertility;

[0027] S52, scientific water management;

[0028] S53, during the peak tillering period, apply paclobutrazol pure product 225-300g / hm 2 Reduce plant height;

[0029] S54. Do a good job in pest control;

[0030] S55. Reduce direct seeding cultivation.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solutions, sunning the field as an important measure to prevent lodging in water management requires good timing and degree. The field should be sun-dried in time when the number of seedlings reaches the predetermined number of ears. Different varieties have different seedling number indicators. High-yield hybrid rice generally has an index of 2.4-3 million / hm2. 2 between.

[0032] Preferably, step S6 specifically includes the following steps:

[0033] S61. Pest Control: Use green control techniques such as insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, deep-water pupation control or rice pile treatment, raising ducks in rice fields, and using insects to control insects, supplemented by early and small-scale chemical control methods to effectively control rice thrips, rice stem borers, leaf rollers, and rice planthoppers;

[0034] S62. Disease prevention: Properly handle diseased rice straw, dry seeds, and disinfect seeds. Adopt a healthy cultivation method that does not overuse nitrogen fertilizers. Combined with preventive drug control measures, the primary focus is on preventing diseases such as rice blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, and false smut.

[0035] S63. Weed control: Improve the quality of tillage and give full play to the role of mechanical weed control; use machine transplanting and seedling throwing as much as possible to improve the growth advantage of seedlings; combine agricultural comprehensive measures such as water control of weeds, supplemented by chemical weed control methods that combine enclosure and weed control, to prevent and control rice field weed damage, mainly barnyard grass.

[0036] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solutions, integrated agricultural measures should be used as an important means of pest and disease control, many of which are included in high-yield cultivation techniques. Chemical control should pay attention to the appropriate, timely, and accurate use of drugs.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] The high-yield hybrid rice light and simple cultivation method provided by the present invention significantly increases the number of effective ears, appropriately reduces the total number of grains, and improves the fruit set rate by increasing basic seedlings, scientific fertilizer and water management, and anti-lodging and disease and pest prevention technologies, thereby forming a high-yield population structure suitable for modern agricultural light and simple cultivation, achieving the purpose of adapting to the development requirements of modern agricultural production and improving the rice yield level on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the simple and easy cultivation method for high-yield hybrid rice of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the principles of fertilizer application of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the late management method of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 is a flow chart of the anti-lodging method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for preventing and controlling diseases, insects and weeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, specific embodiments are described in detail below.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a simple and easy cultivation method for high-yield hybrid rice, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1. Sow seeds at the right time to avoid adverse weather conditions;

[0047] S2. Increase the number of hybrid rice seeds and basic seedlings, increase the number of effective panicles, and improve the fruit set rate;

[0048] S3. Maintain a high level of fertilizer use and scientific fertilizer and water management;

[0049] S4. Pay close attention to post-production management to ensure sufficient sources of photosynthetic products for filling;

[0050] S5. Implement anti-lodging technology to prevent lodging under high-yield conditions;

[0051] S6. Carry out pest and disease control to prevent pests and diseases and ensure healthy growth.

[0052] In step S1, avoiding adverse weather conditions specifically involves avoiding different types of disastrous weather according to different seasons. Since the time and extent of meteorological disasters vary, it can only be adjusted according to the approximate time periods of previous years by adjusting the sowing period. By controlling the sowing time, favorable ecological conditions for rice growth are created. For example, in the early season, direct seeding or broadcast planting is scheduled after the strong cold wave in early April to avoid late spring cold weather that causes seedling rot and death. By controlling the sowing period, mid-season rice and late rice in the first season can avoid high temperature damage from late July to mid-August when heading and filling. Late rice is ensured to reach full heading safely before the arrival of the "Cold Dew Wind". These are all important measures to ensure production safety and promote high yields and harvests.

[0053] In step S2, the number of seeds and basic seedlings is increased to increase the effective ears and fruit setting rate. The effect of increasing the amount of seeds used is to increase the basic seedlings. The increase in the number of basic seedlings can significantly increase the number of effective ears. The increase in the number of effective ears will lead to a decrease in the total number of grains per ear, reduce the proportion of weak flowers, shorten the secondary filling time, and increase the fruit setting rate. Increasing the amount of seeds and basic seedlings is not the more the better. From the perspective of appropriate population density and input-output ratio, the general sowing amount of early season hybrid rice can reach 45kg / hm 2 , the sowing rate of medium and late rice can reach 37.5kg / hm 2 .

[0054] Hybrid rice seeds, especially those that are popular in the market, generally cost between 80-120 yuan / kg. Many farmers are reluctant to use more seeds, which is a cost-saving practice. In the past, the seed rate for high-yield fields transplanted manually was 15-22.5kg / hm2. 2 , the average temperature in large areas has not yet exceeded 30kg / hm 2 However, from the test results and the typical high-yield production practice, the 2 Within the seed usage range, every increase of 1kg of seed usage can increase rice production by more than 100kg.

[0055] In step S3, according to the "three-fixed cultivation method" of rice, the fertilization ratio of N: P2O5: K2O is 1:0.6:0.8, and the yield is 9000, 10500, and 12000 kg / hm 2 The nitrogen application rates were 165, 195 and 225 kg / hm2 respectively. 2 .

[0056] High-yield hybrid rice varieties require higher fertility and scientific water management. For medium-fertility fields, the amount of pure nitrogen required is 210kg / hm2. 2Above, N:P₂O₅:K₂O = 1:0.6:0.8. In addition to base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be used as ear fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of the weaker flowers during secondary grain filling. Fully utilize the regulatory effect of water management on fertilizer absorption and manage water scientifically to increase fruit set rate and thousand-grain weight.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the fertilizer application in step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0058] S31. Base fertilizer is mainly used, tillering fertilizer is applied early, ear fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are applied skillfully; base fertilizer is mainly slow-release compound fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer;

[0059] S32. Tillering fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for about 40% of the total nitrogen application, with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;

[0060] S33. The ear fertilizer should be mainly low-nitrogen compound fertilizer, or potassium chloride mixed with urea, accounting for 20% of the total nitrogen application amount;

[0061] S34. During the tillering, booting and heading stages, apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizers or brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers to promote growth in conjunction with pest and disease control.

[0062] In step S3, the fertilizer and water management is carried out by dry cultivation before three leaves, shallow water tillering, field sun drying after enough seedlings, keeping the field moist during the heading period, heading with water, and strengthening seeds by using both dry and wet methods.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] S41. Water management: Moist irrigation during the booting stage; Maintain a water layer during the heading stage; Deep water or running water irrigation should be used during high temperatures to reduce field temperatures; Maintain deep watering during low temperatures; Dry-wet-dry water management during the grain filling stage; Cut off watering 7 days before harvest.

[0065] S42. Nutrient Management: High-yield varieties have large ears and abundant grains, and exhibit significant secondary filling, which is significantly affected by various factors. To maintain leaf function, applying a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is an important measure to meet nutrient requirements and increase seed set. Use 300-375 kg / hm2 of 45% (15% NPK and 15% NPK) compound fertilizer. 2 Or use potassium chloride 150kg / hm 2 , + urea 45kg / hm 2 As ear fertilizer;

[0066] S43. Pest and disease control: Control leaf rollers, rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, sheath blight and rice blast.

[0067] Among them, the later management of rice should focus on nourishing roots and protecting leaves, meeting water and fertilizer needs, and improving photosynthetic efficiency.

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown, step S5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0069] S51. Apply balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to soil fertility;

[0070] S52, scientific water management;

[0071] S53, during the peak tillering period, apply paclobutrazol pure product 225-300g / hm 2 Reduce plant height;

[0072] S54. Do a good job in pest control;

[0073] S55. Reduce direct seeding cultivation.

[0074] Among them, sunning the fields is an important measure for preventing lodging in water management, and the timing and degree of sunning must be mastered. The fields should be sun-dried when the number of seedlings reaches the predetermined number of ears. Different varieties have different seedling number targets. High-yield hybrid rice generally has a seedling number target of 2.4 to 3 million per hectare. 2 between.

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, step S6 specifically includes the following steps:

[0076] S61. Pest Control: Use green control techniques such as insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, deep-water pupation control or rice pile treatment, raising ducks in rice fields, and using insects to control insects, supplemented by early and small-scale chemical control methods to effectively control rice thrips, rice stem borers, leaf rollers, and rice planthoppers;

[0077] S62. Disease prevention: Properly handle diseased rice straw, dry seeds, and disinfect seeds. Adopt a healthy cultivation method that does not overuse nitrogen fertilizers. Combined with preventive drug control measures, the primary focus is on preventing diseases such as rice blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, and false smut.

[0078] S63. Weed control: Improve the quality of tillage and give full play to the role of mechanical weed control; use machine transplanting and seedling throwing as much as possible to improve the growth advantage of seedlings; combine agricultural comprehensive measures such as water control of weeds, supplemented by chemical weed control methods that combine enclosure and weed control, to prevent and control rice field weed damage, mainly barnyard grass.

[0079] Among them, integrated agricultural measures should be used as an important means of pest and disease control, and many of their contents are included in high-yield cultivation techniques. Chemical control should pay attention to the appropriate, timely, and accurate use of drugs.

[0080] Operation Example

[0081] Example 1

[0082] Implementation location: Group 2, Wanjia Community, Lijiapu Township, Jinshi City

[0083] 0.2hm planted in 2021 2 The first season of late rice variety "Qingliangyou 225" was sown on May 20 and transplanted on June 7. The seed rate was 41.25kg / hm2. 2 Before transplanting, apply 40% Shikefeng slow-release compound fertilizer 300kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 150kg / hm2 was used on June 10th 2 + Potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 Use as tillering fertilizer; apply tillering fertilizer again on June 17, urea 105kg / hm 2 On July 25, 300 kg / hm2 of 45% compound fertilizer was applied. 2 As ear fertilizer. Total nitrogen fertilizer application: 214.5 kg / hm 2 N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.32:0.56. Ears reached full strength on August 22nd, and harvested on September 28th. Irrigate frequently with shallow water during the tillering phase, sun-dry the fields on July 13th, and re-water on July 20th. Keep the fields moist during the booting phase, irrigate deeply during the heading phase, and irrigate five times during the grain filling phase. Later in the season, leaves turn green and seeds turn yellow. The main ears and tillers are uniform in size and maturity. 2.82 million effective ears / hm2 2 The total number of grains is 240.5 per ear, the fruit set rate is 84.5%, the thousand-grain weight is 25.3 grams, and the average yield is 12540 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0084] Example 2

[0085] Implementation location: Group 8, Yangbazhai Village, Yaoshan Town, Jinshi City

[0086] 1.5hm planted in 2021 2 The first season of late rice variety "Qingliangyou 225" was sown on May 22 and transplanted on June 8. The seed rate was 30kg / hm2. 2 Before transplanting, apply 40% Shikefeng slow-release compound fertilizer 300kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 110kg / hm2 was used on June 10 2 + Potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 As tillering fertilizer; on June 17, apply urea 105kg / hm 2 On July 28, 300 kg / hm2 of 45% compound fertilizer was applied. 2 As ear fertilizer. Total nitrogen fertilizer application: 167.9 kg / hm 2 N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.41:0.71. Ears reached full strength on August 20th, and harvested on September 26th. Shallow irrigation was applied during the tillering phase, and the field was sun-dried from July 14th to 22nd to control seedling growth. Shallow irrigation was applied during the booting phase, deep irrigation was applied during the heading phase, and dry-wet-wet phase was applied during the grain filling phase to maintain root vitality. At maturity, the leaves were green and the seeds were yellow, indicating a high yield. 2.085 million ears / hm2 were available. 2The total number of grains was 285.4 per ear, the fruit set rate was 75.6%, the thousand-grain weight was 25.3 grams, and the average yield was 9387 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0087] Example 3

[0088] Implementation location: Rice-Fish Agricultural Professional Cooperative, Liuye Lake Resort, Changde City

[0089] 63hm2 planted in 2022 2 A late-season variety, “Qingliangyou Guangxiangnian”, was sown directly from May 15 to 25, with a seed rate of 30kg / hm2. 2 The fertilizer application rate is 51% compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 25-10-16) 450kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 150-180kg / hm 2 +51% triple compound fertilizer 225kg / hm 2 As topdressing. Total nitrogen fertilizer application: 237.8 kg / hm2 2 , N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.33:0.45. Pest and disease control is in place, water management is appropriate, and leaves are green and seeds are yellow at maturity, with no lodging. The average number of effective ears per hectare is 2.93 million. 2 , total number of grains 227 / ear, fruit set rate 81.3%, 1000-grain weight 25.3g, on-site actual cutting 850m 2 1278 kg of wet grain (31% moisture content) was obtained, and the dry grain yield reached 12743.7 kg / hm 2 .

[0090] Example 4

[0091] Implementation location: Group 2, Sanxingyuan Village, Yaoshan Town, Jinshi City

[0092] Planting 3.2hm in 2023 2 The ratoon rice variety "Shenliangyou 867" was sown on March 20 and transplanted on April 18. The seed rate was 45.0 kg / hm2. 2 Before transplanting, use 40% Shikefeng slow-release compound fertilizer 375kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 120kg / hm2 was used on April 21 2 + Potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 As tillering fertilizer; on April 28, apply urea 105kg / hm 2 On June 27, 300 kg / hm2 of 45% compound fertilizer was applied. 2 As ear fertilizer. Total nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 189kg / hm 2，N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.17:0.45. Harvest on August 15th. Shallow irrigation during tillering, sun-drying from June 13th to 21st. Keep fields moist during booting, deep watering during heading, dry-wet-dry management during grain filling, and clear coloring at the end. 2.835 million effective ears / hm2 2 The total number of grains was 242.3 per ear, the fruit set rate was 84.8%, the thousand-grain weight was 26.2 grams, and the average yield was 13054.5 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0093] Example 5

[0094] Implementation location: Group 8, Yangbazhai Village, Yaoshan Town, Jinshi City

[0095] Planting 4.2hm in 2024 2 The first season of late rice variety "Qingliangyouguangxiangnian" was sown on May 23 and transplanted on June 10. The seed rate was 45.0kg / hm2. 2 Before transplanting, use 40% Shikefeng slow-release compound fertilizer 375kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 120kg / hm2 was used on June 11 2 + Potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 As tillering fertilizer; on June 17, apply urea 105kg / hm 2 On July 25, 300 kg / hm2 of 45% compound fertilizer was applied. 2 As ear fertilizer. Total nitrogen fertilizer application: 231.0 kg / hm 2 , N: P2O5: K2O = 1: 0.32: 0.55. The ears of grains reached their peak on August 17th. Before and after the ears of grains, 1800 mL / hm2 of Changnongle amino acid water-soluble fertilizer was sprayed in combination with pest control. 2 Once, harvested on September 27. Irrigate shallowly during the tillering phase, sun-dry the fields from July 13th to 21st, keep the fields moist during the booting phase, irrigate deeply during the heading phase, manage the fields on a dry-wet-dry basis during the grain filling phase, and maintain a clean, beautiful color in the later stages. 2.955 million effective ears / hm2 2 The total number of grains was 240.2 per ear, the fruit set rate was 86.2%, the thousand-grain weight was 25.3 grams, and the average yield was 12315.0 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0096] In the above embodiments, the varieties used are all large-ear high-yield varieties. Example 1 is the realization of the high-yield goal of this type of variety, and a path suitable for light and simple cultivation has been explored; Example 2 is a comparison with Example 1. The seed amount is small and the effective ears are few. Although the ears are large and the grains are many, the actual yield is 25.14% lower; Example 3 is a successful example of cultivation under high fertilizer conditions. Although the seed amount is small, the high fertilizer conditions and scientific cultivation management increase the number of effective ears and the yield reaches 12743.7kg / hm 2Example 4 is an example of high yield in the first season of regenerated rice under spring planting conditions. A large amount of seeds, high amount of fertilizers and good cultivation level were used, which brought out the high-yield characteristics of the variety. Example 5 is the normal performance of standardized planting of high-yield varieties, which confirms the universality of simple cultivation technology for high-yield varieties.

[0097] Related trials

[0098] Experiment 1

[0099] 1. Purpose of the study

[0100] In order to change the problems of high-yield varieties such as weak tillering ability, few effective ears, large ears, obvious secondary filling and low fruit set rate, experiments were conducted to increase the seed amount and basic seedlings.

[0101] 2. Trial Location

[0102] Changde Liuye Lake Resort Rice-Fish Agricultural Professional Cooperative

[0103] 3. Test methods

[0104] In 2022, the late rice variety "Qingliangyou Guangxiangnian" was selected for direct seeding on May 23. The seed rates were 22.5, 30, 37.5, 45, and 52.5 kg / hm2. 2 5 treatments. Plot area: 300m 2 Before sowing, apply 51% triple compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 25-10-16) 450kg / hm 2 As base fertilizer, urea 150-180kg / hm 2 +51% triple compound fertilizer 225kg / hm 2 As topdressing. Total nitrogen fertilizer application: 237.75 kg / hm 2 , N: P2O5: K2O = 1: 0.33: 0.45. Pest and disease control is in place, water management is appropriate, leaves are green and seeds are yellow at maturity, and there is no lodging.

[0105] 4. Test results

[0106] Comparison of yields at different seed rates

[0107]

[0108] ①The number of effective ears increased with the increase of seed amount, showing a significant positive correlation.

[0109] ②The total number of grains decreased with the increase of effective ears, while the fruit set rate increased.

[0110] ③ The effect of increasing seed rate on yield was greatest in treatments 2 and 3. Seed rate: 37.5 kg / hm 2 The input-output ratio is the largest.

[0111] 5. Conclusion

[0112] "Qingliangyou Guangxiangnian" has good yield performance, with large ears and many grains, but its tillering ability is relatively weak, so it is necessary to increase the seed rate to increase the effective ears and improve the yield. 2 Within this range, it is indeed possible to achieve the effect of increasing grain production by using one more kilogram of seeds and producing an additional hundred kilograms of grain. 2 The processing input-output ratio is the highest.

[0113] Experiment 2

[0114] 1. Purpose of the study

[0115] Appropriate fertility levels are the foundation of high yields. According to Zou Yingbin's "Three-Determination Cultivation Method," we determined the appropriate fertilization levels for new varieties.

[0116] 2. Trial Location

[0117] Group 2, Sanxingyuan Village, Yaoshan Town, Jinshi City

[0118] 3. Test methods

[0119] The ratoon rice variety "Shenliangyou 867" was planted in 2023, with sowing on March 20 and transplanting on April 8. The seed rate was 45.0 kg / hm2. 2 Before transplanting, the experiment was conducted with 40% Shikefeng slow-release compound fertilizer at 300, 375, 450, and 525 kg / hm 2 4 treatments such as base fertilizer, etc. Each treatment area is 600m 2 On April 11, urea was applied at 120 kg / hm2. 2 + Potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 As tillering fertilizer; on April 21, apply urea 105kg / hm 2 On June 22, 300 kg / hm2 of 45% compound fertilizer was applied. 2 As ear fertilizer. Total nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 172.5, 189, 205.5, 222 kg / hm2. 2 . Harvest on August 15th.

[0120] 4. Test results

[0121] Yield results of different fertilizer application rates

[0122]

[0123] ① This variety is fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant, with large ears and many grains. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the number of effective ears, total number of grains and actual yield all increase.

[0124] ② The nitrogen fertilizer dosage for this variety is 189kg / hm 2Above, the output level can reach 13000kg / hm 2 about.

[0125] 5. Conclusion

[0126] This variety is fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant, confirming the relationship between yield and fertilizer application in Zou Yingbin's "Three-fixed Cultivation Method." Nitrogen application exceeds 189kg / hm2. 2 Therefore, from the perspective of modern agricultural scale and mechanized production, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate for this type of variety in light and simplified cultivation is 189-205.5 kg / hm2. 2 It is appropriate.

[0127] Experiment 3

[0128] 1. Purpose of the study

[0129] Find out the fertilizer requirements of high-yield varieties and explore economical and efficient fertilization plans.

[0130] 2. Trial Location

[0131] Group 8, Yangbazhai Village, Yaoshan Town, Jinshi City

[0132] 3. Test methods

[0133] In 2024, a late rice variety "Qingliangyou Guangxiangnian" was selected, sown on May 23, transplanted on June 9, and nitrogen fertilizer rates were set at 150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 kg / hm2. 2 5 treatments. Plot area: 20m 2 , seed rate 30kg / hm 2 , basic seedlings 1.5 million / hm 2 Three replicates were used in randomized block arrangement. Each plot was irrigated and drained independently, with urea as tillering fertilizer at 225 kg / hm2. 2 , potassium chloride 75kg / hm 2 , ear fertilizer 45% compound fertilizer 300kg / hm 2 All other fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer before transplanting. Each plot was treated with 40% Shi Ke Feng compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 22-8-10) at 0.01, 0.29, 0.56, 0.83, and 1.10 kg, respectively, and raked after application. Tillering fertilizer was applied 3 and 10 days after transplanting, and ear fertilizer was applied 7 days after sun-drying and re-watering. Pest and disease control and aerobic water management were implemented. At maturity, except for treatment 1, which showed yellowish leaves, all other treatments showed green leaves and yellow seeds, with no lodging.

[0134] 4. Test results

[0135] Table 1. Comparison of yields at different nitrogen application rates

[0136]

[0137] Table 2. Comparison of yield differences in different nitrogen application rates

[0138]

[0139] ①The number of effective ears and total grains increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, showing a significant positive correlation.

[0140] ②The fruit setting rate decreases with the increase of total grain number.

[0141] ③ Nitrogen application rate reaches 210kg / hm 2 Later, the production level reached 12000kg / hm 2 When the nitrogen application rate increased, the yield did not increase significantly, which may be related to the high-yield potential of this variety. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the rear three leaves became wider and longer, the pests and diseases became more serious, and the plant began to show a tendency to fall over.

[0142] 5. Conclusion

[0143] Under the experimental conditions, the yield of "Qingliangyou Guangxiang sticky rice" can reach 12,000 kg / hm 2 The best nitrogen fertilizer application rate is 210kg / hm2. 2 Further fertilizer application has little effect on yield increase and increases the risk of pests and diseases and lodging.

[0144] In summary, most high-yield hybrid rice varieties have weak tillering ability. Therefore, increasing seed use has a significant impact and potential for yield increases. Furthermore, their high yield potential requires higher nitrogen fertilization levels than typical rice varieties, which aligns with the "Three-Fixed Cultivation Method" principle of high yield requiring high fertilizer. Enlarging the primary seedlings to achieve more viable panicles, sun-drying the fields to control ineffective tillers, and maintaining nitrogen nutrient supply in the later stages are key measures to transform high-yield hybrid rice from large panicles and multiple grains to multiple panicles with medium grains, reduce secondary filling, improve heading uniformity and seed set, and adapt to light and simple cultivation.

[0145] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simple and easy cultivation method for high-yield hybrid rice, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Sow seeds at the right time to avoid adverse weather conditions; S2. Increase the number of hybrid rice seeds and basic seedlings, increase the number of effective panicles, and improve the fruit set rate; S3. Maintain a high level of fertilizer use and scientific fertilizer and water management; S4. Pay close attention to post-production management to ensure sufficient sources of photosynthetic products for filling; S5. Implement anti-lodging technology to prevent lodging under high-yield conditions; S6. Carry out pest and disease control to prevent pests and diseases and ensure healthy growth.

2. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Avoiding the influence of adverse weather in step S1 specifically involves avoiding different disastrous weather according to different seasons.

3. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed amount used in step S2 is 45 kg / hm2 for early season hybrid rice. 2 , the sowing rate of medium and late rice can reach 37.5kg / hm 2 .

4. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, according to the "three-fixed cultivation method" for rice, the yield per unit area was 9000, 10500 and 12000 kg / hm2 with a fertilization ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 1:0.6:0.

8. 2 The nitrogen application rates were 165, 195 and 225 kg / hm2 respectively. 2 .

5. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of fertilizer in step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. Base fertilizer is mainly used, tillering fertilizer is applied early, ear fertilizer and foliar fertilizer are applied skillfully; base fertilizer is mainly slow-release compound fertilizer, accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer; S32. Tillering fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for about 40% of the total nitrogen application, with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; S33. The ear fertilizer should be mainly low-nitrogen compound fertilizer, or potassium chloride mixed with urea, accounting for 20% of the total nitrogen application amount; S34. During the tillering, booting and heading stages, apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizers or brassinolide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers to promote growth in conjunction with pest and disease control.

6. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer and water management in step S3 is implemented by dry cultivation before three leaves, shallow water tillering, field sun drying after enough seedlings, keeping moist during the heading period, heading with water, and strong seeds during both dry and wet periods.

7. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. Water management: Moist irrigation during the booting stage; Maintain a water layer during the heading stage; Deep water or running water irrigation should be used during high temperatures to reduce field temperatures; Maintain deep watering during low temperatures; Dry-wet-dry water management during the grain filling stage; Cut off watering 7 days before harvest. S42, nutrient management: use 45% (NPK content 15%) compound fertilizer 300-375kg / hm 2 Or use potassium chloride 150kg / hm 2 , + urea 45kg / hm 2 As ear fertilizer; S43. Pest and disease control: Control leaf rollers, rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, sheath blight and rice blast.

8. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. Apply balanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to soil fertility; S52, scientific water management; S53, during the peak tillering period, apply paclobutrazol pure product 225-300g / hm 2 Reduce plant height; S54. Do a good job in pest control; S55. Reduce direct seeding cultivation.

9. The high-yield hybrid rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 specifically includes the following steps: S61. Pest Control: Use green control techniques such as insecticidal lamps, sex attractants, deep-water pupation control or rice pile treatment, raising ducks in rice fields, and using insects to control insects, supplemented by early and small-scale chemical control methods to effectively control rice thrips, rice stem borers, leaf rollers, and rice planthoppers; S62. Disease prevention: Properly handle diseased rice straw, dry seeds, and disinfect seeds. Adopt a healthy cultivation method that does not overuse nitrogen fertilizers. Combined with preventive drug control measures, the primary focus is on preventing diseases such as rice blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, and false smut. S63. Weed control: Improve the quality of tillage and give full play to the role of mechanical weed control; use machine transplanting and seedling throwing as much as possible to improve the growth advantage of seedlings; combine agricultural comprehensive measures such as water control of weeds, supplemented by chemical weed control methods that combine enclosure and weed control, to prevent and control rice field weed damage, mainly barnyard grass.

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