Breeding method of peony hybrid new variety with short breeding process

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of peony cultivation, and provides a peony hybrid new variety cultivation method with a short cultivation process, and the method comprises the steps of rootstock cultivation, filial generation seedling raising, cultivation management, propagation expanding and the like. One-year-old hybrid seedlings and paeonia ostii seedlings are subjected to inarching, flower bud differentiation is promoted, hybrid stock plants bloom in the fourth year, excellent single plants are selected and then grafted and propagated in situ, and the seedling number requirement of a DUS test can be met in the sixth year. Compared with a traditional method, the method shortens the breeding period by 4-5 years, saves land, manpower and other costs, reduces the loss risk of excellent single plants, and is beneficial to development, protection and popularization of new peony varieties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of peony cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating new peony hybrid varieties with a short cultivation process. Background Art

[0002] Peony breeding is a complex and lengthy process. Traditional hybrid breeding requires a series of operations such as collecting pollen, cold-storing pollen, emasculating, bagging, pollination, and seed selection to obtain high-quality seeds.

[0003] There are obvious technical problems with traditional breeding methods. On the one hand, the juvenile stage of peony growth takes a long time. Traditional hybrid breeding generally takes five years for the first flowering, and the longest time is eight years. After discovering excellent individual plants that meet the breeding goals, the characteristics must be observed and recorded for three consecutive years, resulting in an excessively long breeding cycle. According to relevant requirements, breeders need at least 10 years, or even longer, to meet the material quantity requirements for DUS testing of new varieties. On the other hand, during the long breeding period, if natural disasters or man-made disasters occur, the losses caused by plant death or loss cannot be compensated. In addition, the observation of trait stability and consistency during the reproduction and breeding process of peonies is the biggest obstacle to applying for new peony plant variety rights. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding new peony hybrid varieties with a short breeding process, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art identified in the background technology.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by a method for breeding new peony hybrid varieties with a short breeding process, the method comprising:

[0006] Choose a sunny, high-lying, well-drained sandy loam plot for the rootstock nursery. Deeply plow, prepare and disinfect the land 1-2 months before planting, and apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

[0007] In the autumn of the year of hybrid breeding, the two-year-old Fengdan seedlings are transplanted to the rootstock nursery, covered with soil for winter, and maintained as rootstocks in the following year;

[0008] Mature hybrid seeds are harvested in groups and sown in the second half of August of the same year. They are sown in high-beds and marked individually. After sowing, they are covered with soil, compacted, and watered. In winter, they are covered with plastic film.

[0009] In the spring of the second year, hybrid seeds germinate to obtain hybrid seedlings, which are numbered and maintained. In autumn, the hybrid mother plant is dug out, and Fengdan seedlings with no pests and diseases and a root neck diameter of 2 cm in the rootstock nursery are selected and grafted on the spot and marked.

[0010] In the third year, cultivate the grafted hybrid mother plant so that in the autumn of that year, the branches of the hybrid mother plant grow to 5-10 cm, the terminal buds and flower buds differentiate, and 2-3 foot buds form at the root neck;

[0011] In the spring of the fourth year, when the hybrid mother plants bloom, select high-quality plants that meet the breeding goals and mark them. Observe and record the specificity. In autumn, cut the main branches as scions and graft them on-site in the rootstock nursery to obtain at least one expanded hybrid seedling.

[0012] In the fifth year, continuous maintenance is carried out, and the specificity, consistency and stability of the flowering seedlings are observed during the flowering period. In autumn, at least two scions are cut from the mother plant, and at least one scion is cut from the propagation mother plant. The in-situ grafting method is repeated to obtain at least three propagation seedlings. Together with the hybrid mother plant and the propagation mother plant, a total of five seedlings are obtained;

[0013] Repeat the method of year 5 in year 6 to ensure that the total number of plants meets the DUS test requirements.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the two-year-old Fengdan seedlings are transplanted into the rootstock nursery at a plant spacing of 20-25 cm and a row spacing of 50-60 cm.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, the hybrid seeds are sown in the second half of August of the harvest year, and are soaked in clean water for 1-2 hours before sowing.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, in the high ridge strips, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the ridge width is 120 cm, the row spacing is 30 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, the on-site docking is specifically as follows:

[0018] Dig out the soil layer above 10 cm from the surface from one side to expose the root collar, cut off the branches above the root collar, leaving the roots in the soil, and use a grafting knife to cut the bark of the hybrid mother plant and rootstock from one side.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, in the sixth year, the survival rate is calculated using the formula 85%*95% based on 85% branching capacity and 95% grafting survival rate of the total number of plants.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] This plan enhances the root's ability to absorb nutrients and the plant's resistance by grafting one-year-old hybrid offspring seedlings with robust 2-3-year-old Fengdan seedlings in the autumn of the second year, allowing flowering in the spring of the fourth year and shortening the flowering time. After selecting excellent individual plants, they are propagated through on-site grafting, and the minimum number requirement for DUS testing of new varieties can be met in the sixth year, shortening the time by 4-5 years compared to traditional breeding methods. Early flowering and propagation can also ensure that irreparable losses due to the accidental death or loss of excellent individual plants are avoided. At the same time, this method does not require a grafting nursery, saving land use fees and a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources, which is conducive to the development, protection and promotion of new peony varieties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] A method for breeding new peony hybrid varieties with a short breeding process, the method comprising:

[0024] 1. Rootstock cultivation stage

[0025] (1) Site selection and land preparation

[0026] Plot selection: Select a sunny, high-lying, well-drained sandy loam plot in advance as the rootstock nursery, ensuring that the plot has sufficient sunlight and is not prone to water accumulation, which is conducive to the growth of the rootstock root system.

[0027] Soil treatment: 1-2 months before planting, deep plow the land to a depth suitable for root development; after deep plowing, prepare and disinfect the land (such as spreading disinfectants) to kill soil pathogens and insect eggs; apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to soil fertility.

[0028] (2) Cultivating rootstocks

[0029] Transplanting time and specifications: In the autumn of the year of hybrid breeding, select two-year-old healthy Fengdan seedlings and transplant them to the rootstock nursery with a plant spacing of 20-25 cm and a row spacing of 50-60 cm.

[0030] Overwintering and maintenance: Cover the soil after transplanting for the winter. In the following year, weed, fertilize (combine organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer), manage water (water in drought, drain in rainy season), and control pests and diseases, and cultivate spare rootstocks.

[0031] 2. Hybrid offspring seedling raising stage

[0032] (1) Hybrid seed treatment

[0033] Seed harvesting: Hybrid seeds are harvested in groups after maturity to avoid confusion among different combinations.

[0034] Soaking treatment: Before sowing in late August of the same year, soak the seeds in clean water for 1-2 hours to allow the seed coat to absorb water and swell, thereby promoting germination.

[0035] (2) Sowing method

[0036] Bed making and sowing: Use high bed strip sowing, with bed height of 15-20 cm, bed width of 120 cm, row spacing of 30 cm, and sowing depth of 2-3 cm. Each hybrid combination is individually numbered and marked.

[0037] Covering and management: Cover the soil after sowing, tamp it down, and water it thoroughly. In winter, cover it with straw, leaves or mulch to keep it warm and moist, which is conducive to root growth.

[0038] (3) Hybrid seedling management

[0039] Seedling cultivation: After the seeds germinate in the spring of the following year, obtain the hybrid mother plants, number them according to the combination and carefully maintain them (watering, fertilizing, and weeding).

[0040] Grafting operation: Dig out the hybrid mother plant in autumn, select healthy Fengdan seedlings with a root neck diameter of 2 cm in the rootstock nursery, dig out the soil layer above 10 cm on one side of the rootstock to expose the root neck, cut off the branches above the root neck, and keep the roots; use a grafting knife to cut the bark of the hybrid mother plant and one side of the rootstock and graft them, tie them together, fix them and mark them (the number should be the same as the mother plant).

[0041] The one-year-old hybrid mother plant is dug out in its entirety, while the Fengdan seedling rootstock is not dug out and grafted in situ. This is to increase the survival rate of grafting in advance. In addition, the roots of the hybrid mother plant and the rootstock can simultaneously absorb nutrients from the soil, providing nourishment to the hybrid mother plant, allowing the grafted hybrid seedlings to thrive and lay a good foundation for flower bud differentiation and grafting and propagation in the third year. This is at least 1-2 years earlier than ordinary grafting and propagation.

[0042] 3. Cultivation, management and propagation stage

[0043] (1) Third Year Management

[0044] Carefully cultivate the grafted mother plant to ensure nutrient supply. In the autumn of that year, the branches will grow to 5-10 cm, the terminal buds and flower buds will differentiate, and 2-3 foot buds will form at the root neck.

[0045] (2) Operation in the 4th year

[0046] Flowering plant selection: When the mother plant blooms for the first time in spring, select excellent individual plants that meet the breeding goals (such as A-1) and mark them, and record their specificity (flower shape, color, flowering period, etc.).

[0047] When the grafted hybrid mother plant blooms for the first time, superior individual plants that meet the breeding goals can be selected in advance, and the propagated hybrid seedlings (i.e., the propagated mother plant) can be obtained in advance. This is at least 1-2 years earlier than the conventional method of selecting superior individual plants for new varieties (5-6 years).

[0048] Propagation grafting: In autumn, the branches of the mother plant grow to 10-15 cm, and 1-2 side branches sprout from the base buds. Cut the main branches as scions and graft them on the spot in the rootstock nursery. At least one propagation seedling is obtained, and the number is the same as that of the mother plant. At this time, a total of 2 seedlings are obtained.

[0049] (3) 5th year operation

[0050] Flowering period observation: Maintain seedlings and observe the specificity, consistency and stability of flowering seedlings.

[0051] Propagation operation: In autumn, cut at least 2 scions from the mother plant and 1 scion from the propagation seedlings, repeat the on-site grafting, and obtain at least 3 propagation seedlings. Together with the mother plant and the propagation seedlings from the previous year, a total of 5 seedlings will be obtained.

[0052] (IV) 6th year operation

[0053] Propagation and calculation: According to the fifth year method, 4 propagated seedlings were obtained from 1 mother plant, 2 from 1 propagated mother plant, and 3 from 3 new propagated mother plants, for a total of 14 seedlings; based on 85% branching ability and 95% grafting survival rate, at least 11 seedlings of different ages were obtained for DUS testing.

[0054] 4. Specific Implementation (Taking “Gathering Together” as an Example)

[0055] (1) 2015

[0056] Spring hybridization (Tianxiangzhanlu female parent × Xiangyu male parent) yielded 12 seeds in late July, which were sown and marked (A) in late August.

[0057] At the same time, select the rootstock nursery, prepare the land and apply fertilizer, transplant and maintain the 2-year-old Fengdan seedlings.

[0058] (2) 2016

[0059] In spring, eight seeds germinate and are labeled A-1 to A-8. A special nutrient solution is applied regularly.

[0060] In autumn, dig out the hybrid seedlings, graft them on site in the rootstock nursery and mark them.

[0061] (III) 2017

[0062] The grafted seedlings grow as single branches, the terminal buds and flower buds differentiate, and 2-3 hidden buds appear at the root neck.

[0063] (IV) 2018

[0064] The first flowering in spring was marked as superior individual plant A-1 and the specificity was recorded.

[0065] In autumn, the terminal buds were cut and grafted on site to obtain one expanded seedling, a total of two seedlings.

[0066] (V) 2019

[0067] The characteristics of the flowering period were observed. In autumn, two scions were cut from the mother plant and one propagation seedling was cut, resulting in three new propagation seedlings, a total of five plants.

[0068] (VI) 2020

[0069] The operation was repeated to obtain 14 seedlings, which were then tested for DUS.

[0070] (VII) 2021

[0071] Approved by the Peony and Peony Branch of the China Flower Association.

[0072] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0073] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding new peony hybrid varieties with a short breeding process, characterized in that: The method comprises: Choose a sunny, high-lying, well-drained sandy loam plot for the rootstock nursery. Deeply plow, prepare and disinfect the land 1-2 months before planting, and apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. In the autumn of the year of hybrid breeding, the two-year-old Fengdan seedlings are transplanted to the rootstock nursery, covered with soil for winter, and maintained as rootstocks in the following year; Mature hybrid seeds are harvested in groups and sown in the second half of August of the same year. They are sown in high-beds and marked individually. After sowing, they are covered with soil, compacted, and watered. In winter, they are covered with plastic film. In the spring of the second year, hybrid seeds germinate to obtain hybrid seedlings, which are numbered and maintained. In autumn, the hybrid mother plant is dug out, and Fengdan seedlings with no pests and diseases and a root neck diameter of 2 cm in the rootstock nursery are selected and grafted on the spot and marked. In the third year, cultivate the grafted hybrid mother plant so that in the autumn of that year, the branches of the hybrid mother plant grow to 5-10 cm, the terminal buds and flower buds differentiate, and 2-3 foot buds form at the root neck; In the spring of the fourth year, when the hybrid mother plants bloom, select high-quality plants that meet the breeding goals and mark them. Observe and record the specificity. In autumn, cut the main branches as scions and graft them on-site in the rootstock nursery to obtain at least one expanded hybrid seedling. In the fifth year, continuous maintenance is carried out, and the specificity, consistency and stability of the flowering seedlings are observed during the flowering period. In autumn, at least two scions are cut from the mother plant, and at least one scion is cut from the propagation mother plant. The in-situ grafting method is repeated to obtain at least three propagation seedlings. Together with the hybrid mother plant and the propagation mother plant, a total of five seedlings are obtained; Repeat the method of year 5 in year 6 to ensure that the total number of plants meets the DUS test requirements.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The two-year-old Fengdan seedlings are transplanted into the rootstock nursery at a plant spacing of 20-25 cm and a row spacing of 50-60 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The hybrid seeds are sown in the second half of August of the harvest year and soaked in clean water for 1-2 hours before sowing.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the high ridge strips, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the ridge width is 120 cm, the row spacing is 30 cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The on-site docking specifically includes: Dig out the soil layer above 10 cm from the surface from one side to expose the root collar, cut off the branches above the root collar, leaving the roots in the soil, and use a grafting knife to cut the bark of the hybrid mother plant and rootstock from one side.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the sixth year, based on 85% branching capacity and 95% grafting survival rate, the survival rate of the total number of plants is calculated using the formula 85%*95%.