Bad fruit utilization grading hull breaking machine
By designing a rotary rotating roller and pressure sensor to work in concert, the bad fruits that use a graded shell breaker is solved, and the problem of poor adaptability of nuts in the prior art is achieved efficient shell breaking and kernel protection for nuts of different sizes is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510833039.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
The existing shell breakers have strict requirements on the size of nuts, which leads to small nuts leaking and unable to break the shell. Large nuts can easily damage the kernels and cannot adapt to the treatment of nuts of different sizes.
A bad fruit hierarchical shell breaker is designed, including a rotating rotating roller, nut groove, shell breaking mechanism and controller. Through a pressure sensor and electric rod, it automatically adapts to the size of the nut to break the shell and protects the kernel.
Adaptive shell breakage for nuts of different sizes is achieved, protecting the kernel from damage, and improving the shell breakage efficiency and kernel recovery rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN120458282A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nut processing, and particularly relates to a grading and shelling machine for rotten nuts. Background Art
[0002] The macadamia nut, also known as the Hawaiian nut or Australian walnut, is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia. Its fruit is rich in oil, sweet, and has a distinctive buttery aroma. Its high nutritional value has earned it the nickname "King of Nuts." This nut is not only edible but also used in industrial products such as soap and shampoo. Growing macadamia nuts requires fertile, well-drained soil and suitable climatic conditions. Due to their unique taste and nutritional value, macadamia nuts are highly sought after in the food market.
[0003] After shelling, macadamia nuts are screened. This not only sorts the nuts into different sizes, but also removes bad nuts—those with defects like insect damage, cracks, and undersized nuts. The typical bad nut rate for macadamia nuts ranges from 5% to 20% (depending on management). While bad nuts are not necessarily worthless, they still need to be cracked open and the kernels recovered and screened for various uses.
[0004] Existing shelling machines have relatively high requirements on the size of nuts. When nuts of different sizes enter the shelling machine at the same time, small nuts are likely to miss and cannot be shelled, while large nuts are likely to be squeezed and damaged. Therefore, a shelling machine that can adapt to the size of nuts is needed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a rotten fruit utilization grading shelling machine.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A rotten fruit grading shelling machine comprises: a shelling machine, a screening machine arranged below the outlet of the shelling machine, the shelling machine comprising: a hollow cylindrical shell with openings at upper and lower ends, a rotating roller arranged in the shell, a plurality of axially linear nut grooves arranged on the side walls of the roller, a shelling mechanism arranged on the side of the shell and horizontally passing through the shell to shell the nuts, a driving mechanism arranged on the side of the shell to drive the roller to rotate, and a controller electrically connected to the driving mechanism and the shelling mechanism; the shelling mechanism comprises: a plurality of channels arranged linearly on the side of the shell, a support plate arranged horizontally below the channels, an electric rod arranged on the support plate and corresponding to the channels one by one, and a cutter head arranged at the front end of the piston rod of the electric rod; the number of the channels corresponds to the nut grooves one by one, and the nut grooves are aligned with the channels when rotated to horizontal; a pressure sensor is provided at the connection between the cutter head and the piston rod, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the controller.
[0007] Preferably, a cylindrical groove is concentrically provided at the front end of the piston rod, and the cutter head comprises: a cylindrical cutter seat provided in the cylindrical groove, and a V-shaped shelling cutter provided on the cutter seat with the cutting edge pointing to the nut groove.
[0008] Preferably, a waist-shaped hole is provided on the side wall of the cylindrical groove, a circular hole is provided on the knife seat, a pin passing through the waist-shaped hole is provided in the circular hole, the pressure sensor is provided between the inner bottom surface of the cylindrical groove and the bottom surface of the knife seat, and a spring is provided between the pressure sensor and the bottom surface of the knife seat; the piston rod extends into the channel.
[0009] Preferably, a semi-elliptical depression is provided at the bottom of the nut groove.
[0010] Preferably, a DC current sensor is provided on the shell, a turntable located outside the shell is concentrically provided on the roller, a magnetic component is provided on the turntable, and the DC current sensor and the channel are located in the same spatial plane.
[0011] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes: a servo motor provided on the housing and electrically connected to the controller, a reducer provided on the servo motor, and an output end of the reducer connected to the rotating roller.
[0012] Preferably, the screening machine is a vibrating conveyor, which is provided with three conveying troughs, and the conveyor includes: a first conveying trough provided on a balancing chassis, a second conveying trough provided on the first conveying trough and having a length exceeding that of the first conveying trough, a third conveying trough provided on the second conveying trough and having a length exceeding that of the second conveying trough, the bottom of the second conveying trough is a first sieve plate, the bottom of the third conveying trough is a second sieve plate, and the aperture of the second sieve plate is larger than the aperture of the first sieve plate.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Compared to existing technologies, the present invention can adapt to different nut sizes without the need for pre-size grading. Nuts are poured into a lower hopper. When the nut trough rotates with the rollers to the bottom of the lower hopper, the nut trough, which can only accommodate one nut, will accommodate the nut and continue to rotate with it. When the nut trough aligns with the channel, the rotation stops, and the electric rod is activated, driving the cutter head to cut the nut shell. At this time, the pressure sensor detects an increase in pressure. When the shell breaks open, the pressure sensor detects a decrease in pressure, and the electric rod is controlled by the controller to retreat, breaking the shell and protecting the kernel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the grading shelling machine for bad fruits; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a grading shelling machine for bad fruits; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the electric rod; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the electric rod.
[0015] In the figure: shell breaker 1, screening machine 2, shell 3, roller 4, nut slot 5, channel 6, support plate 7, electric rod 8, piston rod 9, pressure sensor 10, cylindrical slot 11, knife seat 12, shell breaker knife 13, kidney-shaped hole 14, round hole 15, latch 16, spring 17, turntable 18, magnetic component 19, DC current sensor 20, servo motor 21, reducer 22, balancing chassis 23, first conveying trough 24, second conveying trough 25, third conveying trough 26, first sieve plate 27, second sieve plate 28, feed hopper 29. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below to facilitate understanding by technicians.
[0017] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides a nut grading and shelling machine, comprising: a shelling machine 1; a screening machine 2 disposed below the outlet of the shelling machine 1; the shelling machine 1 comprising: a hollow cylindrical housing 3 with upper and lower openings, the upper opening of the housing 3 forming a feed hopper 29; a rigid roller 4 rotatably disposed within the housing 3; and a plurality of axially linear nut grooves 5 disposed on the sidewalls of the roller 4. In this embodiment, the nut grooves 5 are cylindrical. A shelling mechanism is provided on the side of the housing 3 and passes horizontally through the housing 3 to crack the nuts. A drive mechanism is provided on the side of the housing 3 to drive the rotating roller 4, and the drive mechanism and the shelling mechanism controller are electrically connected. The shelling mechanism includes: a plurality of channels 6 linearly provided on the side of the housing 3, each channel 6 having a circular cross-section; a support plate 7 provided horizontally below the channels 6; an electric rod 8 provided on the support plate 7 and corresponding one-to-one with each channel 6; and a cutting head provided at the front end of the piston rod 9 of the electric rod 8. The number of channels 6 corresponds one-to-one with the number of nut slots 5, and the nut slots 5 align with the channels 6 when rotated horizontally. A pressure sensor 10 is provided at the connection between the cutting head and the piston rod 9, and the pressure sensor 10 is electrically connected to the controller. The controller in this embodiment is a PLC controller, using the Omron CP1E-N30DR-A + expansion module CP1W-MAD44, and the electric rod 8 using the JPT JG-500. One nut slot 5 can only accommodate one nut.
[0018] The piston rod 9 has a cylindrical groove 11 concentrically disposed at its front end. The cutter head includes a cylindrical cutter seat 12 disposed within the cylindrical groove 11 and a V-shaped shelling knife 13 disposed on the cutter seat 12, with its cutting edge directed toward the nut groove 5. The piston rod 9 pushes the shelling knife 13 forward on the cutter seat 12 to cut the nut shell. The cutting edge angle of the shelling knife 13 is between 45° and 150°. The V-shaped shelling knife 13 can apply force from both sides of the nut shell, causing the shell to collapse when the gap is stretched to a certain extent. This embodiment processes dried nuts.
[0019] The cylindrical groove 11 has a sidewall with a waist-shaped hole 14. The blade holder 12 has a circular hole 15. A pin 16 is located within the circular hole 15 and passes through the waist-shaped hole 14. A pressure sensor 10 is located between the inner bottom surface of the cylindrical groove 11 and the bottom surface of the blade holder 12. A spring 17 is located between the pressure sensor 10 and the bottom surface of the blade holder 12. The piston rod 9 extends into the channel 6. The pin 16 can be withdrawn from the circular hole 15 to replace the shelling blade 13 if its durability has deteriorated. The pin 16 also restricts the forward and backward movement of the blade holder 12 within the confines of the waist-shaped hole 14. In its natural state, the spring 17 pushes the blade holder 12 forward, and the pressure sensor 10 fails to detect pressure. As the piston rod 9 moves forward, the shelling blade 13 contacts the nut, compressing the spring 17 and contacting the pressure sensor 10, detecting pressure. Once the nut shell is cracked, the detected pressure decreases, and the controller controls the electric rod 8 to retract, breaking the shell without damaging the kernel.
[0020] The bottom of the nut groove 5 is provided with a semi-elliptical depression, which allows the nut to face the shelling knife 13 when squeezed.
[0021] The shell 3 is provided with a DC current sensor 20, and the roller 4 is concentrically provided with a turntable 18 located outside the shell 3. The turntable 18 is provided with a magnetic component 19, and the DC current sensor 20 and the channel 6 are located in the same spatial plane. The turntable 18 rotates synchronously with the roller 4, and the magnetic component 19 rotates following the turntable 18. When the magnetic component 19 reaches the DC current sensor 20, a change in the magnetic field is detected, and the controller immediately stops the servo motor 21. The servo motor 21 is self-locking and has a matching driver. At this time, the controller sends a signal to drive the electric rod 8 to crack the shells. When the retraction stroke of the electric rod 8 reaches the limit, the controller starts the servo motor 21 again to carry out the next round of nut transportation and shelling. The maximum stroke of the electric rod 8 will not cause the shelling knife 13 to contact the bottom of the nut groove 5.
[0022] The driving mechanism includes: a servo motor 21 provided on the housing 3 and electrically connected to the controller, a reducer 22 provided on the servo motor 21 , and an output end of the reducer 22 connected to the rotating roller 4 .
[0023] The screening machine 2 is a vibrating conveyor having three conveying troughs, including: a first conveying trough 24 provided on a balancing chassis 23; a second conveying trough 25 provided on the first conveying trough 24 and longer than the first conveying trough 24; a third conveying trough 26 provided on the second conveying trough 25 and longer than the second conveying trough 25; a first sieve plate 27 being provided at the bottom of the second conveying trough 25; a second sieve plate 28 being provided at the bottom of the third conveying trough 26; and a larger aperture of the second sieve plate 28 than that of the first sieve plate 27. The vibrating conveyor is a prior art and its principle and structure will not be described again. The roller 4 continues to rotate with the shelled nuts, and when it reaches the outlet at the lower end of the casing, it falls under the action of gravity and first falls on the second sieve plate 28. The kernels can pass through the second sieve plate 28, and the large pieces of shells will be intercepted. The kernels and the broken shells fall on the first sieve plate 27. The kernels will not pass through the first sieve plate 27, and the broken shells pass through the first sieve plate 27 and fall on the first conveying trough 24, thereby separating the kernels and shells.
[0024] When a rotten fruit grading shelling machine of the present invention is used: After grading and screening, the bad nuts are dried, and the moisture content of the kernels is 1.5% to 3%. The nuts are poured into the feed hopper 29. The initial position of the nut slot 5 is at the bottom of the feed hopper 29. The nuts naturally fall into the nut slot 5 and rotate with the roller 4. The inner wall of the shell 3 prevents the nuts from falling out. When the magnetic component 19 on the turntable 18 rotates and is sensed by the DC current sensor 20, the controller immediately stops the servo motor 21. At this time, the nut slot 5 is facing the channel 6. At the same time, the electric rod 8 pushes the shelling knife 13 from the channel 6 into the nut slot 5. However, when the knife seat 12 contacts the nut, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 10 gradually increases. However, after the nut shell is broken, the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 10 decreases. The control uses this as a node to immediately control the piston rod 9 of the electric rod 8 to retreat, and the shelling knife 13 enters the channel 6. The servo motor 21 continues to rotate, and the roller 4 continues to rotate with the shelled nuts. When it reaches the outlet at the lower end of the casing, it falls under the action of gravity and first falls on the second sieve plate 28. The kernel can pass through the second sieve plate 28, and the large pieces of shell will be intercepted. The kernel and the broken shell will fall on the first sieve plate 27. The kernel will not pass through the first sieve plate 27, and the broken shell will pass through the first sieve plate 27 and fall on the first conveying trough 24, thereby separating the kernel and the shell.
[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A rotten fruit grading shelling machine, characterized in that: include: A shelling machine (1), a screening machine (2) arranged below the outlet of the shelling machine (1), the shelling machine (1) comprising: a hollow cylindrical shell (3) with upper and lower ends opened, a rotating roller (4) arranged in the shell (3), a plurality of axially linear nut grooves (5) arranged on the side wall of the roller (4), a shelling mechanism arranged on the side of the shell (3) and horizontally passing through the shell (3) to shell the nuts, a driving mechanism arranged on the side of the shell (3) to drive the roller (4) to rotate, and a controller of the driving mechanism and the shelling mechanism being electrically connected; the shelling mechanism comprises: A channel (6) is linearly arranged on the side of the housing (3), a support plate (7) is horizontally arranged below the channel (6), an electric rod (8) is arranged on the support plate (7) and corresponds one-to-one with the channel (6), and a cutter head is arranged at the front end of the piston rod (9) of the electric rod (8); the number of the channels (6) corresponds one-to-one with the nut grooves (5), and the nut grooves (5) are aligned with the channels (6) when they are rotated to the horizontal; a pressure sensor (10) is provided at the connection between the cutter head and the piston rod (9), and the pressure sensor (10) is electrically connected to the controller.
2. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical groove (11) is concentrically provided at the front end of the piston rod (9), and the cutter head comprises: a cylindrical cutter seat (12) provided in the cylindrical groove (11), and a V-shaped shell-breaking cutter (13) provided on the cutter seat (12) and with a cutting edge pointing toward the nut groove (5).
3. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A waist-shaped hole (14) is provided on the side wall of the cylindrical groove (11), a circular hole (15) is provided on the knife seat (12), a latch (16) passing through the waist-shaped hole (14) is provided in the circular hole (15), the pressure sensor (10) is provided between the inner bottom surface of the cylindrical groove (11) and the bottom surface of the knife seat (12), and a spring (17) is provided between the pressure sensor (10) and the bottom surface of the knife seat (12); the piston rod (9) extends into the channel (6).
4. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the nut groove (5) is provided with a semi-elliptical depression.
5. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A DC current sensor (20) is provided on the housing (3), a rotating disk (18) located outside the housing (3) is concentrically provided on the rotating roller (4), a magnetic component (19) is provided on the rotating disk (18), and the DC current sensor (20) and the channel (6) are located in the same spatial plane.
6. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises: a servo motor (21) provided on the housing (3) and electrically connected to the controller, a reducer (22) provided on the servo motor (21), and an output end of the reducer (22) connected to the rotating roller (4).
7. The rotten fruit grading shelling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screening machine (2) is a vibrating conveyor, which is provided with three conveying troughs, including: a first conveying trough (24) provided on a balancing chassis (23), a second conveying trough (25) provided on the first conveying trough (24) and having a length longer than the first conveying trough (24), and a third conveying trough (26) provided on the second conveying trough (25) and having a length longer than the second conveying trough (25), the bottom of the second conveying trough (25) being a first sieve plate (27), the bottom of the third conveying trough (26) being a second sieve plate (28), and the aperture of the second sieve plate (28) being larger than the aperture of the first sieve plate (27).