Mixed sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed sea-island fiber and a preparation method thereof, a sea component and two island components are adopted, the sea component is water-soluble polyester, the two island components are an island component A and an island component B of different fiber forming polymers, and the sea component, the island component A and the island component B are melted and extruded in parallel to form a fiber with a mixed sea-island structure. The mixed sea-island fiber with good mechanical properties, environmental protection performance and use performance can be prepared through blowing, cooling, oiling, winding and post-drafting processing without a post-blending process, and then the mixed sea-island fiber can be directly used for processing and preparing functional fabrics. According to the scheme, the process steps are effectively simplified, related processing requirements are met, and the production efficiency is improved; after splitting treatment, the fiber can be put into use as a functional superfine composite fiber, and is suitable for the fields of artificial leather, high-water-absorption fabric, cleaning cloth and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a sea-island structure fiber, in particular to a mixed sea-island fiber and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of textile materials. Background Art

[0002] Sea-island fibers refer to differentiated fibers obtained by evenly dispersing one polymer in another polymer and spinning it. In the fiber cross-section, the dispersed phase is in an "island" state, while the matrix is equivalent to the "sea". The sea phase can generally be removed, leaving behind an island phase with extremely low fineness. It is one of the main methods for producing ultrafine fibers. At present, when ultrafine fibers are used to prepare high-end fabrics, they often have the problem of having a single style and a single function. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the performance of high-end fabrics in terms of dyeing, feel, moisture absorption and breathability, so as to ensure that the fabrics have rich colors and varied styles while still having good touch and comfort. Similar technical improvements will be the main direction of future development of high-end fabrics.

[0003] Prior art attempts have been made to improve fabric quality by blending island-in-the-sea fibers with other fibers. For example, CN117400607A discloses a method for producing a stretchable island-in-the-sea microfiber synthetic base fabric. This method blends polyester island-in-the-sea fibers, cationic polyester island-in-the-sea fibers, and high-shrinkage polyester fibers. This results in a staggered appearance of the cationic polyester island-in-the-sea fibers and the polyester island-in-the-sea fibers on the fabric surface, improving the fabric's dyeing quality while also providing functionality. However, after spinning the cationic polyester island-in-the-sea fibers and the polyester island-in-the-sea fibers independently, the blending process remains complex, leading to systemic risks such as increased costs and decreased quality in the overall processing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hybrid island-in-the-sea fibers and a preparation method to overcome these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a hybrid sea-island fiber and a preparation method thereof to meet the demand for the development of high value-added fibers in the chemical fiber industry.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a mixed sea-island fiber, comprising a sea component and two island components, characterized in that: the sea component is water-soluble polyester; the two island components are island component A and island component B, respectively, and the island component A and the island component B are different types of fiber-forming polymers, including but not limited to one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene.

[0006] The water-soluble polyester includes but is not limited to titanium-based water-soluble polyester, and one of water-soluble aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, polylactic acid (PLA) derivatives, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based polyesters.

[0007] Specifically, the titanium-based water-soluble polyester includes a titanium-based polyester and an added modifier, and is specifically made by introducing a hydrophilic segment (such as PEG, a sulfonic acid monomer) or a hydrolyzable bond (such as an aliphatic ester bond) through copolymerization.

[0008] The present invention also provides a hybrid sea-island fiber and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step (1) Take island component A, island component B and sea component, the mass ratio of the island component A to the island component B is 97 / 3 to 3 / 97, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the island component A and the island component B to the sea component is 50 / 50 to 90 / 10. After the above island component A, island component B and sea component are vacuum dried, they are melted by their respective screws and quantitatively transported into the spinning box through a metering pump, and further evenly distributed into the mixed sea-island composite spinning device in the spinning box.

[0010] Step (ii) The island component A, the island component B and the sea component are simultaneously injected into the spinneret inside the mixed island composite spinning device. After composite, several fiber monofilaments with a mixed island structure are ejected. After air cooling treatment, oiling treatment and winding treatment, the raw yarn is obtained, and then the raw yarn is drawn to obtain a mixed island fiber. The obtained mixed island fiber has a linear density of 60 to 100 dtex, a breaking strength of 2.5 to 3.5 cN / dtex, and an elongation at break of 20 to 40%.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, wherein: in the step (i), the proportions of the island component A, island component B and sea component are automatically controlled by a metering pump, wherein the automated control of the metering pump can be achieved through variable frequency drive, stroke adjustment and intelligent programming, and can perform high-precision, low-error fluid delivery, specifically by installing a variable frequency motor to adjust the pump speed, thereby changing the flow output (for example, after receiving a 4-20mA signal or a pulse signal, the system automatically adjusts the frequency to adapt to different working conditions); equipped with an automatic stroke controller, The plunger stroke is adjusted according to preset parameters to achieve precise flow control (such as ±1% steady-state accuracy). The automation system control center can use an embedded system or an external programmable controller (PLC) to calculate and output adjustment instructions based on feedback signals (for example, the built-in intelligent control system of the Prominent VAMD12026 pump can be used), that is, the preset pump supply of island component A is 1.5-50g / min, the pump supply of island component B is 1.5-50g / min, and the pump supply of sea component is 20-30g / min.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, in step (1), the melting temperatures of the island component A and the island component B are 190-290°C; and the melting temperature of the sea component is 270-295°C.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, in step (ii), the spinning temperature of the sea-island composite spinning device is 270-295°C.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, in step (ii), the air blowing cooling treatment adopts a side blowing method, the air temperature is 10-15°C, and the side blowing pressure is 100-200Pa.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, in step (2), the winding speed adopted in the winding process is 2000-3500 m / min.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned hybrid sea-island fiber and preparation method thereof, wherein: in step (ii), the drawing treatment adopts hot roller-hot plate drawing, the drawing ratio is 1.5-2.5, and the winding speed is 100-150m / min.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, after adopting the technical solution of the present invention, a sea island fiber structure design with two island components is adopted. The island components can be arbitrarily matched according to the needs of fabric production, and can be formed in one step by melt spinning, without the need for a subsequent blending process; moreover, the fiber breaking strength of the prepared mixed sea island fiber reaches 2.5-3.5 cN / dtex, and the elongation at break reaches 20-40%. It has good mechanical properties and performance. After fiber opening treatment, it can be put into use as a functional ultrafine composite fiber, and is suitable for many fields such as artificial leather, highly absorbent fabrics and clean cloths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of the island-in-the-sea yarn prepared in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the island-in-the-sea raw yarn prepared in the comparative example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific examples. However, it should not be understood that the scope of protection of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example

[0022] Titanium-based polyester is used as island component A; polyamide 6 is used as island component B; and titanium-based water-soluble polyester is used as sea component. The mass ratio of the total island component to the sea component is 70:30, and the mass ratio of the island component A to the island component B is 80:20. The three components are melted by the screw and then enter the mixed island component for mixed island composite spinning. The specific operation process is as follows:

[0023] Step (1) The titanium-based polyester chips with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.685 dL / g are vacuum dried at 130°C for 12 hours, heated and melted by screw A, the temperature of screw A is 288°C, accurately measured by a metering pump, and transported to the spinning box body, and evenly distributed to the island composite spinning device in the spinning box body.

[0024] In step (2), polyamide 6 chips with a relative viscosity of 2.4 are vacuum dried at 120°C for 12 hours, heated and melted by a C screw having a temperature of 265°C, accurately metered by a metering pump, and transported to the spinning box body, and evenly distributed to the island composite spinning device in the spinning box body.

[0025] In step (3), the titanium-based water-soluble polyester chips with a characteristic viscosity of 0.525 dL / g are vacuum dried at 130°C for 12 hours, heated and melted by screw B, the temperature of screw B is 279°C, and transported to the spinning box after precise metering by a metering pump, and evenly distributed to the island composite spinning device in the spinning box.

[0026] In step (4), the island component A, the island component B and the sea component are accurately measured by a metering pump and simultaneously injected into the spinneret inside the island composite spinning device. The temperature of the composite spinning device is 288°C. After compounding, several fiber monofilaments with an island structure are extruded and cooled by side blowing and spinning tunnel. The blowing cooling temperature is 11.5°C and the blowing cooling air pressure is 100Pa. Then, the monofilaments are subjected to a bunching and oiling treatment and a winding machine with a speed of 3000m / min to obtain the raw yarn. The raw yarn is then subjected to a drawing treatment with a hot roller temperature of 90°C, a hot plate temperature of 160°C, a drawing multiple of 1.8 and a winding speed of 150m / min to finally obtain a mixed island fiber.

[0027] Comparative Example

[0028] Polyester is used as the island component and water-soluble polyester is used as the sea component, and the two are screw melt extruded at a mass ratio of 70:30 to carry out conventional sea-island composite spinning.

[0029] Step (1) The polyester chips with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.685 dL / g are vacuum dried at 130°C for 12 hours, heated and melted by screw A, the temperature of screw A is 288°C, accurately measured by a metering pump, and transported to the spinning box body, and evenly distributed to the conventional island composite spinning device in the spinning box body.

[0030] In step (2), water-soluble polyester chips with a characteristic viscosity of 0.525 dL / g are vacuum dried at 130°C for 12 hours, heated and melted by screw B, the temperature of screw B is 279°C, accurately measured by a metering pump, and transported to the spinning box body, and evenly distributed to the conventional island composite spinning device in the spinning box body.

[0031] In step (3), the melts of polyester and water-soluble polyester are simultaneously injected into the spinneret inside the island composite spinning device. The temperature of the composite spinning device is 288°C. After compounding, several fiber monofilaments with an island structure are extruded and cooled by side blowing and spinning tunnel. The blowing cooling temperature is 11.5°C and the blowing cooling air pressure is 100Pa. The monofilaments are then subjected to a bunching and oiling treatment and a winding machine with a speed of 3000m / min to obtain the raw yarn. The raw yarn is then subjected to a drawing treatment with a hot roller temperature of 90°C, a hot plate temperature of 160°C, a drawing multiple of 1.8, and a winding speed of 150m / min to finally obtain conventional island fiber.

[0032] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in Figure 1 The hybrid island fiber phase of the embodiment is evenly distributed, compared with Figure 2 The conventional sea-island fiber in the comparative example has two different island components in the inner and outer rings, and has better stability and uniformity.

[0033] The following are the performance tests of the sea-island fibers prepared in the examples and comparative examples of this case. The specific testing methods are as follows:

[0034] 1) Fiber cross-section detection: Use a Hastelloy slicer and a single-sided blade to prepare a fiber cross-section sample, and observe and photograph the cross-section morphology under a microscope with a magnification of 500 times.

[0035] 2) Fiber opening effect test: The fiber was opened with a 3% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, with a bath ratio of 1:30, an opening temperature of 80°C, and an opening time of 30 min.

[0036] 3) Dyeing effect test: The samples were dyed with 5% disperse dye at a bath ratio of 1:40. The dye uptake was calculated based on the absorbance of the blank dye and the residual liquid of the dyed sample. The L, a, b and K / S values of the samples were measured using a spectrocolorimeter.

[0037] 4) Breaking strength and elongation at break: An electronic single yarn strength tester was used for testing. The fiber clamping length was 200 mm, the stretching rate was 50 mm / min, and the pre-tension was 5 cN. Each group of samples was tested 15 times, and the average values were taken to obtain the breaking strength and elongation of the fiber.

[0038] The following are the performance test results of the sea-island fibers prepared in the examples and comparative examples of this case, as shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0039] Table 1: Mechanical properties and fiber opening properties of examples and comparative examples

[0040] Linear density (dtex) Breaking strength (cN / dtex) Elongation at break (%) Fiber water solubility (%) Fiber opening Example 80 3.35 31.42 33.69 good Comparative Example 81 3.22 30.04 22.56 good

[0041] Table 2: Dyeing properties of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0042] Dyeing rate / % L a b K / S Example 99.21 46.27 50.01 2.67 8.754 Comparative Example 96.71 44.55 49.52 3.15 7.025

[0043] The results in Table 1 and Table 2 show that: compared with the comparative example, the embodiment, while ensuring that the fiber opening effect is basically consistent with that of the conventional sea-island fiber, can be formed by melt spinning in one step by simultaneously introducing another island component, without the need for a subsequent blending process. The one-step process can achieve the improvement of the overall mechanical properties and dyeing properties of the fiber, achieving the use effect that the conventional sea-island fiber still needs to undergo blending processing, which can effectively improve production efficiency, save energy consumption and achieve flexible production.

[0044] In the technical solution of the present invention, the use of two different fiber-forming polymers as island component raw materials, and then using water-soluble polyester as the sea component raw material to prepare a mixed sea island fiber is the technical key of this case, and finally a functional three-component sea island structure composite green fiber is obtained. Among them, the island component A and the island component B can be selected according to actual needs, and fiber-forming polymers including polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. can be selected respectively. Since multiple island components are simultaneously ejected and formed through the spinneret, functional mixed fibers can be obtained after the mixed sea island fibers are opened and treated. They can be directly used for the preparation of functional fabrics, effectively saving the process steps of blending, reducing costs and consumables, and fully meeting the textile industry's requirements for the development of green, high value-added fibers.

[0045] In this way, by adopting the technical solution of the present invention, the mixed sea-island fiber prepared contains two island components, which can be directly used in the preparation of functional fabrics after fiber opening treatment, saving process steps. While ensuring the performance, it meets the new demand for the development of high value-added fibers in the chemical fiber industry and has high market development potential. Its preparation method is simple to operate, practical and reliable, and its fiber performance is basically consistent with that of traditional sea-island fibers. At the same time, it has the advantages of high spinning speed, continuous spinning and uninterrupted spinning, and is suitable for industrial production.

[0046] From the above description, it can be found that compared with the prior art, after adopting the technical solution of the present invention, a sea-island fiber structure design with two island components is adopted. The island components can be arbitrarily matched according to the needs of fabric production, and can be formed in one step by melt spinning. There is no need for a subsequent blending process, which effectively simplifies the process steps and improves production efficiency. Moreover, the fiber breaking strength of the prepared hybrid sea-island fiber reaches 2.5-3.5 cN / dtex, and the elongation at break reaches 20-40%. It has good mechanical properties and performance. After fiber opening treatment, it can be put into use as a functional ultrafine composite fiber, which is suitable for many fields such as artificial leather, highly absorbent fabrics and clean cloths.

[0047] The above describes the technical solution, working process and implementation effect of the present invention in detail. It should be noted that what is described is only a typical example of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also have many other specific implementation methods. Any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid sea-island fiber comprising a sea component and two island components, characterized in that: The sea component is a water-soluble polyester; the two island components are island component A and island component B, respectively. The island component A and the island component B are different types of fiber-forming polymers, including but not limited to one or more of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene.

2. A method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: After vacuum drying, the island component A, the island component B, and the sea component are melted by their respective screws and quantitatively transported into the spinning manifold by a metering pump, and further evenly distributed into the mixed sea-island composite spinning device in the spinning manifold; Step S2: The island component A, the island component B, and the sea component are simultaneously injected into a spinneret inside a hybrid island-in-the-sea composite spinning device. After composite, several fiber monofilaments having a hybrid island-in-the-sea structure are ejected. After air-cooling treatment, oiling treatment, and winding treatment, a precursor is obtained. The precursor is then drafted to obtain a hybrid island-in-the-sea fiber. The obtained hybrid island-in-the-sea fiber has a linear density of 60 to 100 dtex, a breaking strength of 2.5 to 3.5 cN / dtex, and an elongation at break of 20 to 40%. The mass ratio of the island component A to the island component B is 97 / 3 to 3 / 97; The mass ratio of the total amount of the island component A and the island component B to the sea component is 50 / 50 to 90 / 10.

3. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step S1, the proportions of the island component A, island component B and sea component are automatically controlled by metering pumps. The preset pump supply of the island component A is 1.5 to 50 g / min, the pump supply of the island component B is 1.5 to 50 g / min, and the pump supply of the sea component is 20 to 30 g / min.

4. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step S1, the melting temperatures of the island component A and the island component B are 190-290°C; the melting temperature of the sea component is 270-295°C.

5. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step 2, the spinning temperature of the island-in-the-sea composite spinning device is 270-295°C.

6. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step 2, the air blowing cooling treatment adopts a side blowing method, the air temperature is 10-15° C., and the side blowing pressure is 100-200 Pa.

7. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step 2, the winding process adopts a winding speed of 2000 to 3500 m / min.

8. The method for preparing a hybrid sea-island fiber according to claim 2, wherein: In step S2, the stretching process adopts hot roller-hot plate stretching, the stretching ratio is 1.5-2.5, and the winding speed is 100-150 m / min.

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