Depth-fixed and volume-fixed automatic surface soil sampling device based on ultrasonic cutting
By introducing ultrasonic cutting technology and an automatic topsoil sampling device with depth capacity control unit, the problem of difficult sampling depth and capacity in traditional sampling methods is solved, and efficient and accurate soil sample acquisition is achieved, ensuring the consistency of samples and the reliability of research.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510691488.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
AI Technical Summary
When traditional topsoil sampling methods are in the field, it is difficult to accurately control the sampling depth and capacity, resulting in inconsistent sample quality, poor data accuracy, large labor consumption and low efficiency, making it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale systematic research.
Ultrasonic cutting technology is used to combine depth and capacity control units to achieve accurate cutting through high-frequency vibration. Combined with depth and capacity control, an automatic depth and capacity sampling device is designed to reduce human errors, ensure sample consistency and efficient acquisition.
It realizes efficient and accurate soil sample acquisition in complex environments, reduces field operation time, reduces artificial errors, ensures the consistency of sample quality and research results, and improves sampling efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120467741A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil research, in particular to an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting. Background Art
[0002] In soil research, field sampling is a crucial method for obtaining first-hand data. Therefore, researchers or investigators must collect shallow soil samples in complex natural environments. However, traditional topsoil sampling methods, when used in the field, can vary significantly in acquisition methods, manual operation, and device application, leading to inconsistent sample quality and poor data accuracy.
[0003] In terms of soil acquisition methods, traditional manual excavation is relatively simple, but it is easily affected by human factors, the excavation depth and range are limited, and the soil structure is greatly disturbed. Sampling methods such as tubular sampling, spiral drilling sampling, and Luoyang shovel sampling are difficult to control in terms of sampling depth, vertical angle, etc. Due to differences in operating habits and skill levels, different operators have different control over force, angle, and speed, which makes it difficult to accurately control the depth and volume during sampling. In large-scale systematic studies, human errors accumulate, affecting the consistency and scientific nature of research results. The performance and accuracy of devices in different batches vary, and it is difficult to function stably under different soil conditions. In compacted soil, some devices have high cutting resistance, consume a lot of manpower and material resources, have low sampling efficiency, and samples are easily distorted due to squeezing, resulting in sampling failure or difficulty in ensuring sample quality.
[0004] Compared with traditional sampling methods, ultrasonic technology uses high-frequency vibrations to separate soil structures, which can reduce the pressure applied in the vertical direction and has higher operating efficiency. Secondly, ultrasonic cutting reduces the force applied during the sampling process, improves controllability, and increases sampling accuracy. Finally, ultrasonic methods have unique advantages in dealing with the influence of foreign matter. The high-frequency vibrations at the end of the ultrasound can provide real-time feedback on the internal conditions of the soil. When encountering foreign matter such as roots and stones, the frequency parameters of the ultrasound will change significantly; utilizing this feature can effectively prevent foreign matter from interfering with the sampling process, ensuring that the sampling work proceeds smoothly. In addition, in terms of maintaining sample integrity, ultrasonic cutting causes minimal disturbance to the soil, can maintain the original structure of the soil to the greatest extent, avoid the displacement of soil particles, changes in pore structure, and destruction of the living environment of microorganisms caused by cutting, thereby ensuring that the physical and chemical properties of the soil are not affected, and provide reliable samples for subsequent precise analysis. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting. It introduces ultrasonic cutting technology to achieve soil cutting through high-frequency vibration, reduce disturbance to the soil structure, and obtain high-fidelity soil samples; combining the ultrasonic cutting system with a depth control mechanism and a volume control unit can achieve precise depth and range control, realize automatic fixed-depth and fixed-volume sampling, avoid sample deviation caused by the difficulty of precise control in traditional methods, improve sampling efficiency, and reduce field operation time.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting, comprising a chassis, a tripod provided under the chassis, the tripod being used to adjust the height and level of the chassis, a transmission screw provided at the center of the chassis, an ultrasonic cutting system installed under the transmission screw, a power supply assembly provided on the outer circle above the chassis, a main control system and an electric motor installed on both sides of the transmission screw, and a horizontal calibration module provided at the top of the transmission screw.
[0007] Preferably, the ultrasonic cutting system includes a transducer, the transducer is driven by a high-frequency generator, a transformer is connected below the transducer, a capacity control unit is installed below the transformer, and a cutting head is installed below the capacity control unit.
[0008] Preferably, the capacity control unit includes a sampling chamber, a pressure sensor and an adjusting baffle.
[0009] Preferably, the main control system is used to coordinate the overall operation of the device, and includes a main control MCU, and the main control MCU is equipped with a power supply circuit, a signal conversion unit and a communication unit.
[0010] Preferably, the horizontal calibration module is used to monitor the horizontal state of the device, and includes a horizontal sensor and a leveling motor.
[0011] Preferably, there is at least one encoder provided above the cutting head, and the encoders are evenly distributed above the cutting head. The encoder, the motor and the transmission screw constitute a depth control mechanism, and the depth control mechanism is used to control the soil extraction depth and collect the inclination changes of the transmission screw.
[0012] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting, which has the following beneficial effects:
[0013] 1) Innovative application of ultrasonic cutting technology: In the field of topsoil sampling, the introduction of ultrasonic cutting technology has changed the traditional mechanical cutting method that relies on pure external force. Soil cutting is achieved through high-frequency vibration, which greatly reduces the disturbance to the soil structure and provides a new way to obtain high-fidelity soil samples.
[0014] 2) Precise cutting and efficient operation: The ultrasonic cutting system combined with a depth control mechanism and a volume control unit can achieve precise depth and range control, and realize automatic fixed-depth and fixed-volume sampling. Even in complex field environments, it can accurately obtain samples that meet research requirements, avoiding sample deviations caused by traditional methods that are difficult to precisely control. At the same time, the rapid cutting effect brought about by high-frequency vibration significantly improves sampling efficiency, reduces field operation time, and reduces the potential impact of external factors on samples.
[0015] 3) Reduce human errors: Compared with traditional manual sampling, operators only need to preset parameters, and the device can accurately control the sampling depth and sample volume according to the instructions, reducing the depth and volume control errors caused by individual differences among operators, ensuring the consistency and comparability of different batches of samples, and providing a reliable data basis for large-scale, systematic soil research.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 1. It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 1. It is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic cutting system of an embodiment of an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to the present invention;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the device control principle of an embodiment of the automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting of the present invention.
[0020] Reference numerals
[0021] 1. Ultrasonic cutting system; 2. Tripod; 3. Ground; 4. Chassis; 5. Power supply assembly; 6. Motor; 7. Leveling module; 8. Drive screw; 9. Main control system; 10. Cutting head; 11. High-frequency generator; 12. Transducer; 13. Amplifier; 14. Encoder; 15. Capacity control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0024] Example 1
[0025] The present invention provides an automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting. The overall structure of the device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic cutting system is as Figure 2 As shown, the overall control principle of the device is as follows Figure 3 The device comprises a chassis 4, with a tripod 2 positioned below it. The tripod 2 is used to adjust the height and level of the chassis 4, adapting flexibly to ground inclinations within a ±15° range. A drive screw 8 is positioned in the center of the chassis 4, with an ultrasonic cutting system 1 mounted below it. A power supply assembly 5 is positioned on the outer periphery above the chassis 4. A main control system 9 and an electric motor 6 are mounted on either side of the drive screw 8. A leveling module 7 is positioned at the top of the drive screw 8.
[0026] The ultrasonic cutting system 1 includes a transducer 12, which is driven by a high-frequency generator 11. An amplitude transformer 13 is connected below the transducer 12, a volume control unit 15 is mounted below the amplitude transformer 13, and a cutting head 10 is mounted below the volume control unit 15. The high-frequency generator 11 is used to generate a high-frequency electrical signal. In this embodiment, the frequency range generated by the high-frequency generator 11 is 3kHz to 20kHz. The operating frequency of the high-frequency generator 11 is automatically controlled in a gradually increasing manner, and is manually calibrated based on actual application scenarios with different soil textures, hardness, and moisture. The transducer 12 converts the electrical signal into mechanical vibrations, which are used to adjust the amplitude of the cutting head 10. The cutting head 10 is made of an alloy material with high strength, high wear resistance, and good corrosion resistance. In this embodiment, the cutting head 10 is made of a tungsten-cobalt alloy. The cut surface of the cutting head 10 can be flat, serrated, or frosted, which can easily sever tough plant roots during the cutting process while maintaining the integrity of the soil sample to the greatest extent possible, providing high-quality samples for subsequent soil ecology-related research.
[0027] The volume control unit 15 includes a sampling chamber, a pressure sensor, and an adjustment baffle. The sampling chamber is constructed from high-strength stainless steel and treated for corrosion, ensuring long-term stable operation in diverse chemical environments, such as acid and alkali. The pressure sensor utilizes the stress-deformation characteristics of the resistive sensing component to monitor changes in force within the sampling chamber in real time. A sudden change in force that does not exceed the threshold indicates that the sampling chamber has partially captured soil. When the force on the sample approaches the threshold, indicating that the sample volume meets the set requirements, a level signal is returned, driving the adjustment baffle to respond and adjust the sampling action.
[0028] The main control system 9 coordinates the overall operation of the device and includes a main control MCU, which is equipped with a power supply circuit, a signal conversion unit, and a communication unit. In this embodiment, the main control MCU is an Arduino Due, equipped with a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 core, operating at a frequency of 84MHz, and capable of generating precise control commands within milliseconds. The power supply circuit adopts a multi-channel regulated output design, converting the voltage output by the power supply component 5 into the 5V and 3.3V stable voltages required by the main control MCU through a DC-DC step-down module, powering its core and peripheral devices. The signal conversion unit uses the ADCADS1115 chip, which is responsible for converting the signals from various sensors into digital signals that the main control MCU can recognize. The communication unit is equipped with an RS485 communication interface for wired communication with other local devices. The communication methods to be selected and verified may include the ESP8266 Wi-Fi connection module or Bluetooth connection module.
[0029] The level calibration module 7 monitors the level of the device and includes a level sensor and a leveling motor. This module ensures sampling accuracy and consistency. The level sensor monitors the level of the device in real time with a measurement accuracy of ±0.05°. The acquired level data is fed back to the main control system 9 in real time via the I2C communication protocol.
[0030] Above the cutting head 10, at least one encoder 14 is evenly spaced. The encoders 14, along with the motor 6 and the drive screw 8, form a depth control mechanism that controls the depth of soil extraction and measures changes in the inclination angle of the drive screw 8. The encoders 14 collect real-time depth data from various locations to determine the depth of soil penetration and the inclination angle of the drive screw 8. The motor 6 is a DC servo motor that responds quickly to commands from the main control system 9, providing power to control the penetration depth of the cutting head 10.
[0031] When using the device described in this embodiment for soil sampling, the operating parameters are set in advance, the entire device is placed at the sampling point, the tripod 2 is adjusted, and the device is adjusted to a horizontal level using the horizontal calibration module 7. The control device is activated, and the device automatically performs a fixed-depth and fixed-volume sampling according to the preset parameters. After sampling is completed, the sample is manually collected.
[0032] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned fixed-depth and fixed-volume automatic surface soil sampling device based on ultrasonic cutting, and realizes automatic fixed-depth and fixed-volume sampling with the help of a depth control mechanism and a volume control unit, combined with an automatically controlled collection process; the ultrasonic cutting system avoids the sample deviation caused by the difficulty of precise control in traditional methods, and the rapid cutting effect brought by high-frequency vibration significantly improves the sampling efficiency, reduces field operation time, and reduces the potential impact of external factors on samples. It has positive significance in agricultural production, environmental monitoring, ecological research, geological exploration and other fields.
[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. An automatic surface soil sampling device with a fixed depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting, characterized by: It includes a chassis, a tripod is provided under the chassis, the tripod is used to adjust the height and level of the chassis, a transmission screw is provided in the center of the chassis, an ultrasonic cutting system is installed under the transmission screw, a power supply component is provided on the outer circle above the chassis, a main control system and a motor are installed on both sides of the transmission screw, and a horizontal calibration module is provided on the top of the transmission screw.
2. The automatic surface soil sampling device with a constant depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ultrasonic cutting system includes a transducer driven by a high-frequency generator. A horn is connected below the transducer. A capacity control unit is installed below the horn. A cutting head is installed below the capacity control unit.
3. The automatic surface soil sampling device with a constant depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The capacity control unit includes a sampling chamber, a pressure sensor and an adjusting baffle.
4. The automatic surface soil sampling device with a constant depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main control system is used to coordinate the overall operation of the device, including a main control MCU, and the main control MCU is equipped with a power supply circuit, a signal conversion unit and a communication unit.
5. The automatic surface soil sampling device with a constant depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal calibration module is used to monitor the horizontal state of the device, and includes a horizontal sensor and a leveling motor.
6. The automatic surface soil sampling device with a constant depth and volume based on ultrasonic cutting according to claim 2 is characterized in that: There is at least one encoder arranged above the cutting head, and the encoders are evenly distributed above the cutting head. The encoder, the motor and the transmission screw constitute a depth control mechanism, and the depth control mechanism is used to control the soil extraction depth and collect the changes in the inclination angle of the transmission screw.