Evaporation loss calculation method and device considering water body heat storage change

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of evaporation loss calculation method and device considering water body heat storage change, and it is related to hydrology and water resources technical field.The method steps include: obtaining the meteorological element data and water body element data monitored by device and arranging data;Based on daily average temperature and relative humidity, calculate the saturated water vapor pressure difference and the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure difference and temperature relationship curve;Based on the principle of energy balance, calculate the four components of net radiation, and then obtain the water surface net radiation;Based on the balanced temperature method, calculate the average temperature of water body and heat storage change;Based on the water body evaporation model considering the influence of heat storage change, calculate the daily evaporation rate of water body;Collect or construct the water depth-area relationship curve of water body, and calculate the daily evaporation loss of water body by using the product of evaporation rate and water body area.The present application can realize the reliable calculation of open water daily evaporation loss, thereby effectively supporting the healthy operation of water supply reservoir and the scientific planning and management of water resources.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water evaporation in hydrology and meteorology, and particularly relates to a method and device for calculating evaporation loss considering water body heat storage change. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water evaporation is an important part of global water cycle and one of the main ways of water loss in reservoirs, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. According to estimates, the annual average evaporation loss of reservoirs in China is about 27.9 billion m 3 , accounting for about 22% of the total water consumption in China in 2010. Accurate estimation of water evaporation loss is of great significance for the benign operation of reservoirs, the maintenance of ecological functions of lakes, the management of regional water resources and the safety of agricultural irrigation, etc. However, the evaporation loss of water body is influenced by meteorological conditions (radiation, wind speed and humidity, etc.) and water body elements (area, depth and albedo, etc.), and it is challenging to accurately estimate the evaporation loss of water body.

[0003] The evaporation loss of large water bodies is difficult to measure directly, and some indirect measurement techniques, such as eddy flux instrument and large aperture scintillometer, are expensive and difficult to popularize in large areas. In practice, the evaporation loss of water body is usually indirectly estimated based on meteorological elements. Common estimation methods include evaporation pan conversion method, water balance method and estimation method based on meteorological elements. Relatively speaking, the estimation method of water body evaporation based on meteorological elements is the most widely used in practical application, among which the representative methods include Priestley-Taylor method based on energy balance principle and Penman method considering both water vapor diffusion principle and energy balance. However, all the water body evaporation calculation methods involving energy balance need to consider the influence of water body heat storage change on evaporation estimation. Water body heat storage change is an important part of water body energy balance, which significantly affects the diurnal and annual distribution of available energy on the surface of water body. Water body can store heat during the day and release it slowly at night. Similarly, water body can store heat in spring and summer and release it in autumn and winter. Due to the influence of water body heat storage change, the diurnal maximum evaporation of water body usually occurs in the evening or at night, and the annual maximum evaporation usually occurs in autumn instead of summer. Therefore, the water body evaporation model based on energy balance must consider the influence of water body heat storage change, and ignoring the influence of heat storage change will cause unreasonable estimation of water body evaporation loss, especially at short time scales such as hours and days. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an economical and effective method and device for calculating evaporation loss considering water body heat storage change, which can realize accurate estimation of water body evaporation loss only by relying on conventional observation of meteorological and water body elements.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating evaporation loss considering changes in the thermal storage of water bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Acquire meteorological and water element data monitored by the device and process the data;

[0008] S2: Calculate the saturated vapor pressure difference and the slope of the curve showing the relationship between saturated vapor pressure difference and temperature based on daily average temperature and relative humidity;

[0009] S3: Calculate the four components of net radiation based on the principle of energy balance, and then obtain the net radiation of the water surface;

[0010] S4: Calculate the average water temperature and heat storage changes based on the equilibrium temperature method;

[0011] S5: Calculate the daily evaporation rate of water bodies based on a water evaporation model that takes into account the influence of heat storage changes;

[0012] S6: Collect or construct water depth-area relationship curves for water bodies, and calculate the daily evaporation loss of water bodies using the product of evaporation rate and water body area.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the meteorological data includes temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation; the water body data includes water surface temperature and water level.

[0014] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S21: Process the meteorological and water element data received by the device into daily-scale data;

[0016] S22: Calculate the daily water depth based on the initial day's water depth and radar level gauge data;

[0017] S23: Calculate the anemometer's measurement height based on the initial day's height and daily water level changes, and convert the wind speed observed by the anemometer into the wind speed at 2 meters using the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, z represents the observation height of the anemometer, in meters (m); u z u1 and u2 represent the daily average wind speeds at z meters and 2 meters, respectively, in m / s.

[0020] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:

[0021] S31: Measure the downward shortwave radiation R using a solar radiometer. s↓ ;

[0022] S32: Calculate the downward shortwave radiation R s↓ and the water body albedo α to calculate the upward shortwave radiation R s↑ ;

[0023] S33: Based on the Planck blackbody radiation law and the observation of water surface temperature and air temperature, respectively calculate the upward longwave radiation R l↑ and the downward longwave radiation R l↓ , the calculation formula is:

[0024] R l↑ = σε w T s 4 ;

[0025] R l↓ = σε a T a 4 ;

[0026] In the formula, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.67 × 10 -8 W K -4 m -2 , ε w and ε a represent the water surface emissivity and air emissivity respectively, T s is the water surface temperature measured by the thermal infrared sensor, ℃;

[0027] S34: Calculate the water surface net radiation Rn based on the energy balance principle, the calculation formula is:

[0028] R n = R s↓ - R s↑ + R l↓ - R l↑ = R s↓ (1-α) + σε a T a 4 - σε w T s 4 .

[0029] Further, in the step S33, the water surface emissivity ε w is 0.97, and the air emissivity ε a is calculated by the following formula:

[0030] ε a = 1.27 (e a / T a ) 1 / 7 ;

[0031] In the formula, e a represents the difference of saturated water vapor pressure, kPa, T a represents the air temperature above the water surface, ℃.

[0032] Further, in the step S4, the calculation formula of the water body average temperature based on the equilibrium temperature method is as follows:

[0033] T w = T e +(T w0 -T e )e -1 / τ ;

[0034] In the formula, T w and T w0 respectively represent the average water temperature at the current moment and the previous moment, T e is the equilibrium temperature, and τ is the time lag constant.

[0035] The water body heat storage change is calculated based on the difference of water temperature in a unit time interval:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, G c is the heat storage change, W m -2 ;△t is the calculation time step, d; is the average water depth at the current moment and the previous moment, m; c w is the specific heat capacity of the water body, MJ kg -1 ℃ -1 ;ρ w is the water body density, kg m -3 .

[0038] Further, in the step S5, the daily evaporation rate of the water body is calculated by using the energy balance based method or by using the method considering both the energy balance and the water vapor transport balance; the calculation time step is the hourly scale, the daily scale or the monthly scale, and the shorter the time step, the greater the influence of the water body heat storage change on the water surface evaporation calculation.

[0039] Further, in the step S6, if the water depth-area relationship curve is known, the daily evaporation rate and the water body area are directly multiplied to calculate the water body evaporation loss amount;

[0040] If the water depth-area relationship curve is unknown, the water surface area is extracted from the remote sensing satellite image for a large water body, and the water depth-area relationship curve is constructed together with the water depth observation at the same period; for a small water body, the water depth-area relationship curve of the water body is directly constructed by measuring the underwater terrain.

[0041] In the second aspect, the application provides an evaporation loss device considering the water body heat storage change, comprising:

[0042] a sensor module comprising a pyranometer, a weather box, an anemometer, a thermal infrared sensor and a radar water level gauge;

[0043] a data acquisition and transmission module comprising a data storage device, a data transmission device and a data receiving device;

[0044] a power supply module comprising a solar power panel and a storage battery, the solar power panel being connected with the storage battery and supplying power for the sensor module and the data acquisition and transmission module;

[0045] a mounting bracket and a base, the weather element sensors in the sensor module being mounted on the upper layer of the bracket, the water body element sensors being mounted on the lower layer of the bracket, and the power supply module and the data acquisition and transmission module being fixed in a metal power supply box;

[0046] The radar water level gauge is used for measuring water level change, the thermal infrared sensor is used for acquiring water surface temperature, the pyranometer is used for measuring downward shortwave radiation, and the anemometer converts the observed wind speed into 2-meter height wind speed through a height conversion formula.

[0047] Further, the device is installed at a stable water area away from water inlet and outlet of the water body, so as to avoid being installed at a position with turbulent water flow, vortex, a large amount of floating objects or easy accumulation of sundries; the installation height of the sensor satisfies perpendicularity to the water surface, and the sensor can effectively detect the water surface when the water level is low, and the sensor is not submerged by the water surface when the water level is high.

[0048] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present application can at least produce the following technical effects:

[0049] The present application considers the hysteresis change of water body heat storage change compared with the net radiation, and can realize the integration of synchronous acquisition of model driven elements and evaporation loss estimation. Compared with the traditional water body heat storage change calculation method (which requires water temperature data of the entire water body profile), the method proposed in the present application has low demand for water temperature observation data (only water surface temperature is needed), can be combined with the surface water temperature data inverted by remote sensing, and provides strong technical support for evaporation loss estimation of large areas and multiple water bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings shown.

[0051] Figure 1is a water body evaporation rate calculation flowchart in the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 2 is a comparison of water temperature calculation value and measured value in the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 3 is a comparison of water surface evaporation calculation value and observation value in the embodiment of the present application considering and not considering the influence of heat storage change;

[0054] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the meteorological and water body element monitoring device provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope of the present application when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable.

[0056] The present embodiment takes the mesoscale vortex flux observation network platform mountain station in Taihu Lake as an example. The station provides detailed observation values of meteorological elements (temperature, wind speed, humidity, water vapor pressure, net radiation and its components), water body elements (layered water temperature and water depth) and flux elements (latent heat and sensible heat).

[0057] As shown in Figures 1-3 , the present application provides an evaporation loss calculation method considering water body heat storage change, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0058] S1: Obtain the meteorological element data and water body element data monitored by the device and arrange the data;

[0059] In the present specification, it is particularly necessary to arrange and collect the daily average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation (downward shortwave radiation), water surface temperature and water level change data in the research period of the embodiment station; at the same time, the layered water temperature and latent heat, sensible heat and net radiation flux observation in the research period are arranged and collected.

[0060] Based on the water depth of the initial day and the water level change data of the radar water level gauge, the daily water depth is calculated:

[0061] z w,t =z w,t-1 +Δh;

[0062] In the formula, zw,t and z w,t-1 respectively represent the water depth (m) of the current day and the previous day, and △h represents the daily water level change (m) measured by the radar water level gauge.

[0063] Similarly, the anemometer measurement height is calculated according to the anemometer measurement height of the initial day and the daily water level change, and the wind speed observed by the anemometer is converted into the wind speed at 2 meters based on the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, z represents the observation height of the anemometer (m), u z and u2 respectively represent the daily average wind speed at z meters and 2 meters (ms -1 ).

[0066] The latent heat flux is corrected by the energy balance observation term of the flux station:

[0067] ΔE = R n -G c -H + LE;

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, LE and H are the latent heat and sensible heat flux observations (W m -2 ), G c is the water heat storage change calculated based on the stratified water temperature observation (W m -2 ), ΔE is the non-closed term of the energy balance (W m -2 ), LE corr is the corrected latent heat flux, which is used as reference data for evaluating the accuracy of the model evaporation calculation.

[0070] S2: Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure difference (e a , kPa) and the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure difference and temperature relationship curve (△, kPa℃ -1 ) based on the daily average temperature (T a , ℃) and relative humidity (RH, %);

[0071]

[0072] e a = e s (1-RH / 100);

[0073]

[0074] S3: Calculate the four components of the net radiation based on the energy balance principle, and then obtain the water surface net radiation;

[0075] S31: Measure the downward shortwave radiation R using a solar radiometer. s↓ ;

[0076] S32: Based on downward shortwave radiation R s↓ The upward shortwave radiation R is calculated by multiplying the product of the water body albedo α and the albedo α. s↑ ;

[0077] S33: Based on Planck's blackbody radiation law and observations of water surface temperature and air temperature, calculate the upward long-wave radiation R. l↑ and downward long-wave radiation R l↓ The calculation formula is:

[0078] R l↑ =σε w T s 4 ;

[0079] R l↓ =σε a T a 4 ;

[0080] In the formula, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.67 × 10 -8 WK -4 m -2 , ε w and ε a These represent the water surface emissivity and air emissivity, respectively, and Ts is the water surface temperature measured by a thermal infrared sensor, in °C.

[0081] Specifically, the albedo (α) and surface emissivity (ε) in the formula... w The values ​​of ε are 0.08 and 0.97 respectively, representing the air emissivity. a Calculate using the following formula:

[0082] ε a =1.27(e a / T a ) 1 / 7 ;

[0083] S34: Calculate the net surface radiation Rn based on the energy balance principle. The formula is:

[0084] R n =R s↓ -R s↑ +R l↓ -R l↑ =R s↓ (1-α)+σε a T a 4 -σε w Ts 4 .

[0085] S4: Calculate the average temperature of water body and heat storage change based on equilibrium temperature method;

[0086] Calculate the average temperature (T w , ℃) of water body based on equilibrium temperature method:

[0087] T w = T e + (T w0 - T e ) e -1 / τ ;

[0088]

[0089] T w0 is the water temperature at the previous time (℃), T e is the equilibrium temperature (℃), T n is the wet-bulb temperature (℃), τ is the time lag constant, ρ w is the density of water (ρ = 1000 kg m -3 ), z w is the water depth (m), c w is the specific heat capacity of water (MJ kg -1 ℃ -1 ), g is the psychrometer constant, △w is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure difference and temperature relationship curve at the wet-bulb temperature (kPa ℃ -1 ), f(u2) is the wind speed function (MJ m -2 d -1 kPa -1 ), and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0090] f(u2) = λ(2.33 + 1.65u2) LF -0.1 ;

[0091] In the formula, λ is the latent heat of vaporization of water (MJ kg -1 ), and LF is the fetch length (m).

[0092] The change in heat storage of water body (G c , W m -2 ) can be calculated based on the difference in water temperature within a unit time interval:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula, △t is the calculation time step (d), and z is the average water depth (m) of the current day and the previous day.

[0095] S5: Calculate the daily evaporation rate (Ew, mm / d) of the water body based on the water body evaporation model considering the influence of heat storage changes;

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the calculation of the water body evaporation rate can be based on the energy balance method (such as the Priestley-Taylor method) for calculation:

[0097]

[0098] In a specific embodiment, the calculation of the water body evaporation rate can also use a method that takes into account both energy balance and water vapor transport balance (such as the Penman method) for calculation:

[0099]

[0100] Ew is the daily evaporation rate (mm / d) -1 C e is the energy unit conversion coefficient (C e = 0.0864).

[0101] The fitting degree of the measured and simulated values of water surface evaporation is evaluated by using KGE and relative deviation (RE, %):

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, Ew obs and Ew sim represent the observation and simulation values of water body evaporation, respectively, r, v and β represent the correlation coefficient, variability and bias between the observation and simulation values.

[0104] S6: Collect or construct the water depth-area relationship curve of the water body, and calculate the daily evaporation loss of the water body by multiplying the evaporation rate and the water body area.

[0105] If the water depth-area relationship curve is known, the daily evaporation rate and the water body area are directly multiplied to calculate the evaporation loss of the water body;

[0106] If the water depth-area relationship curve is unknown, the water surface area is extracted from the remote sensing satellite image for large water bodies, and the water depth-area relationship curve is constructed with the contemporaneous water depth observation; for small water bodies, the water depth-area relationship curve of the water body is directly constructed by measuring the underwater topography.

[0107] In this embodiment, the daily evaporation loss of the water body is calculated under the condition that the water body evaporation rate and the area (A) are known:

[0108] W L = 1.0×10 -3 Ew×A;

[0109] wherein W L is the daily evaporation loss (m 3 d -1 ).

[0110] The evaporation loss calculation method provided by the present application is applicable to natural and artificial water bodies of different regions and areas. In actual application, the parameters and calculation steps (such as hours or months) of the model can also be adjusted according to specific needs to adapt to the requirements of different regions and tasks.

[0111] In addition, as Figure 4 indicated, the embodiment provides a meteorological and water body element integrated monitoring device for estimating water body evaporation loss, comprising a solar radiation meter, a louver box, a wind speed meter, a thermal infrared sensor, a radar water level gauge, a solar power supply panel, a storage battery, data storage, transmission and receiving equipment and a mounting bracket and base.

[0112] The device generates electricity through two solar power supply panels, and the generated electricity is stored in the storage battery for powering the solar radiation meter, the louver box, the wind speed meter, the thermal infrared sensor, the radar water level gauge and the data acquisition, storage and transmission equipment; the solar power supply panel and the storage battery, the storage battery and the electrical equipment (solar radiation meter, louver box, wind speed meter, thermal infrared sensor, radar water level gauge, data acquisition, storage and transmission equipment) are connected by wires; the meteorological element sensor (solar radiation meter, louver box and wind speed meter) should be installed on the uppermost horizontal support, the water body element sensor (thermal infrared sensor and radar water level gauge) should be installed on the lowermost horizontal support, and the storage battery, data acquisition, storage and transmission equipment are installed in the metal power supply box.

[0113] Preferably, the representative area of the water body to be measured is selected for installation of the equipment, and the installation position should be selected in a stable water area away from the water inlet and outlet of the water body, avoiding installation in a position with turbulent water flow, vortex, a large amount of floating objects or easy accumulation of debris; the installation height of the sensor should be moderate to ensure that the water body element sensor (thermal infrared sensor and radar water level gauge) is perpendicular to the water surface, and can still effectively detect the water surface when the water level is low, and the water surface will not be submerged when the water level is high.

[0114] Preferably, after installation, the data storage, transmission and receiving functions of the equipment are tested, and the quality of the monitoring data is evaluated.

[0115] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of calculating evaporation loss taking into account changes in water body heat storage, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: obtaining meteorological element data and water element data monitored by the device and processing the data; S2: calculating the saturated water vapor pressure difference and the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure difference and temperature relationship curve based on the daily average temperature and relative humidity; S3: calculating the four components of net radiation based on the energy balance principle, and then obtaining the water surface net radiation; Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: S31: Measure downwelling shortwave radiation R by pyranometer s↓ ; S32: the shortwave radiation R upwards is calculated as the product of the downward shortwave radiation R s↓ and the water body albedo a s↑ ; S33: Calculate the upward long-wave radiation R l↑ and the downward long-wave radiation R l↓ based on the Planck black-body radiation law and the observations of the water surface temperature and the air temperature, respectively, with the calculation formula being: R l↑ = σe w T s 4 ; R l↓ = σe a T a 4 ; where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, σ = 5.67 x 10 -8 WK -4 m -2 , ε w and ε a represent the emissivity of water surface and air, respectively, T s is the water surface temperature measured by thermal infrared sensor, °C; S34: Calculate the net radiation R of water surface based on the energy balance principle n The calculation formula is: R n = R s↓ - R s↑ + R l↓ - R l↑ = R s↓ (1 - a) + se a T a 4 - se w T s 4 ; S4: calculating the water body average temperature and heat storage change based on the equilibrium temperature method; The calculation formula for calculating the water body average temperature based on the equilibrium temperature method is as follows: T w = T e + (T w0 - T e )e -1 / τ ; where T w and T w0 represent the average water temperature at the current time and the previous time, respectively, T e is the equilibrium temperature, and τ is a time lag constant. The water body heat storage change is calculated based on the difference of water temperature in a unit time interval: In the formula, G c is the change in heat storage, W / m2 -2 ; Δt is the calculation time step, d; is the average water depth of the current and previous time, m; c w is the specific heat capacity of the water body, MJ kg -1 ℃ -1 ; p w is the water density, kg m -3 ; S5: calculating the daily evaporation rate of the water body based on the water body evaporation model considering the influence of heat storage change; S6: collecting or constructing the water depth-area relationship curve of the water body, and calculating the daily evaporation loss of the water body by multiplying the evaporation rate and the water body area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the step S1, the meteorological element data includes temperature, wind speed, humidity and solar radiation; and the water element data includes water surface temperature and water level.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, In the step S1, the method specifically comprises the following steps: S11: processing the meteorological element data and water element data received by the device into daily scale data; S12: calculating the daily water depth based on the initial water depth and water level change data of the radar water level gauge; S13: calculating the measurement height of the anemometer based on the initial measurement height of the anemometer and the daily water level change, and converting the wind speed observed by the anemometer into the wind speed at 2 meters based on the following formula: where z denotes the height of the anemometer, m; u z and u2denote the daily average wind speed at z meters and 2 meters, respectively, m / s.

4. The method for calculating evaporation loss considering water body heat storage change according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S33, the water surface emissivity ε w has a value of 0.97, and the air emissivity ε a is calculated using the following formula: ε a = 1.27 (e a / T a ) 1 / 7 ; where e a represents the difference in saturated water vapor pressure, kPa, T a represents the air temperature above the water surface, °C.

5. The method for calculating evaporation loss considering water body heat storage change according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S5, the daily evaporation rate of the water body is calculated by using the energy balance method or by using the method considering both energy balance and water vapor transport balance; the time step is hour scale, day scale or month scale, and the shorter the time step, the greater the influence of water heat storage change on the calculation of water surface evaporation.

6. The method for calculating evaporation loss considering water body heat storage change according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S6, if the water depth-area relationship curve is known, the evaporation loss of the water body is directly calculated by multiplying the daily evaporation rate and the water body area; If the water depth-area relationship curve is unknown, the water surface area is extracted from the remote sensing satellite image for large water bodies, and the water depth-area relationship curve is constructed with the contemporaneous water depth observation; for small water bodies, the water depth-area relationship curve of the water body is directly constructed by measuring the underwater terrain.

7. An apparatus for calculating the evaporation loss taking into account the change in the heat storage of a water body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It comprises: a sensor module comprising a pyranometer, a screen box, an anemometer, a thermal infrared sensor and a radar water level gauge; a data acquisition and transmission module comprising a data storage device, a data transmission device and a data receiving device; a power supply module comprising a solar power panel and a storage battery, the solar power panel being connected with the storage battery and supplying power to the sensor module and the data acquisition and transmission module; a mounting bracket and a base, the meteorological element sensors in the sensor module being mounted on the upper layer of the bracket, and the water element sensors being mounted on the lower layer of the bracket, the power supply module and the data acquisition and transmission module being fixed in the metal power supply box; the radar water level gauge is used for measuring water level change, the thermal infrared sensor is used for obtaining water surface temperature, the pyranometer is used for measuring downward shortwave radiation, and the anemometer converts the observed wind speed into the wind speed at 2 meters through a height conversion formula.

8. The apparatus for evaporation loss considering thermal storage variation of a water body according to claim 7, wherein, The device installation position is selected in stable water area far from water inlet and outlet, avoiding installation in position with turbulent flow, vortex, large amount of floating objects or easy accumulation of sundries; the installation height of the sensor satisfies perpendicular to water surface, and can effectively detect water surface when low water level, and the sensor is not submerged when high water level.

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