Construction quality control method and system for cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation based on BIM and VR

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for quality control of cast-in-situ beam steel truss floor deck installation based on BIM and VR, comprising the following steps: BIM three-dimensional modeling, construction scheme simulation, VR scene construction, 3D scanning and model comparison, drone cruise monitoring, real-time interaction and collaborative management; it constructs a full-process, visual, and interactive construction quality control system, so that construction personnel can intuitively and clearly understand the spatial position, connection method and other details of each component, which greatly reduces the difficulty of understanding and effectively reduces construction errors caused by deviations in the comprehension of drawings; it realizes scheme simulation optimization before the construction of steel truss floor deck, real-time dynamic monitoring during construction, and efficient collaborative management of all parties involved in the construction, thereby predicting construction quality risks in advance, correcting construction deviations in time, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of construction quality control; it reduces construction costs, shortens construction period, and ensures that the construction quality of steel truss floor deck meets high standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and in particular relates to a method and system for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decks based on BIM and VR. Background Art

[0002] With the development and widespread adoption of intelligent construction technology, prefabricated steel truss floor decks have become widely used. However, due to the numerous construction steps and complex spatial structures involved in their actual construction, traditional construction quality control methods have exposed numerous drawbacks. Traditional methods rely heavily on manual experience and simple tools, making it difficult to comprehensively, accurately, and effectively monitor and manage the entire construction process in real time.

[0003] For example, traditional methods of overall construction quality control mostly rely on manual on-site inspections and comparisons with two-dimensional drawings, resulting in a single measurement method. Construction workers are prone to deviations in their understanding of complex nodes, leading to frequent errors in floor decking installation.

[0004] Before pouring concrete, hidden inspections of the steel bars should be completed, and the position, quantity, and fixing of embedded parts, wire pipes, and holes should be verified to ensure that the formwork elevation, position, and size are accurate and meet design requirements, that the brackets are stable, that the supports and formwork are reliably fixed, and that the formwork joints are tight. All of these must be ensured to meet the requirements before pouring. However, due to the large construction site area, the large number of construction workers, and the complex construction process, it is difficult for quality inspectors to conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of each construction link and location. This leads to frequent construction quality problems, which not only affect the progress of the project, but also pose a potential threat to the safety and durability of the building structure. In addition, traditional quality inspections rely on the sense of responsibility of quality inspectors to conduct dynamic and comprehensive monitoring of the construction process. As a result, most quality problems are not discovered until the later stages of construction, which affects the construction period and makes it difficult to meet the needs of intelligent construction for refined management of the construction quality of steel truss floor decks.

[0005] When inspecting the installation quality of large-scale floor decking, manually measuring the flatness and joint gaps one by one is not only time-consuming and inefficient, but also highly influenced by human factors, prone to missed inspections and misjudgments, and difficult to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the inspection results. In addition, traditional quality inspection methods can only conduct post-inspections after problems occur, and cannot achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of the construction process. It is difficult to detect and correct potential quality problems in a timely manner. Once quality defects occur, rework is often required, increasing construction costs and the risk of delays.

[0006] The existing technology is still in the exploratory stage of combining Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and Virtual Reality (VR) technology, but a mature, systematic and effective quality control method has not yet been formed.

[0007] It can be seen that the existing floor decking construction quality control has at least the following defects: 1. Traditional inspection methods are inefficient and difficult to monitor in real time; 2. Existing technology is mainly based on two-dimensional drawings, which are abstract and difficult to understand; 3. The traditional method is to directly purchase and deliver the materials after rough layout according to the construction drawings CAD drawings, without fully considering factors such as multi-professional pre-embedded and construction errors. The installation and cutting are completely dependent on the on-site construction personnel according to the actual situation in the later stage; 4. The information exchange between the parties in traditional construction relies on meetings, documents and other methods, resulting in low efficiency and prone to information lag or omission; 5. The traditional method has frequent rework due to quality problems, which increases the cost and the risk of delays in construction period; 6. Although the use of pure BIM technology can provide a visual model, it lacks real-time and interactivity; at the construction site, the actual construction progress and quality status cannot be fed back to the BIM three-dimensional model in real time, resulting in a deviation between the model and the actual construction status; when quality problems occur during the construction process, they cannot be reflected in the model and analyzed and processed in time; moreover, when construction personnel view the BIM When using a three-dimensional model, certain professional knowledge and spatial imagination are still required to understand the information in the model. For some workers with low cultural level or insufficient experience, it is difficult to understand and apply BIM three-dimensional models, and it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of BIM technology in construction guidance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for quality control of the installation of cast-in-place beam steel truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, create a three-dimensional construction model of the steel truss floor decking with the help of BIM technology, and combine VR technology to achieve immersive briefing, build a full-process, visual, and interactive construction quality control system, so that construction personnel can intuitively and clearly understand the spatial position, connection method and other details of each component, greatly reducing the difficulty of understanding, and effectively reducing construction errors caused by deviations in the comprehension of drawings; realize scheme simulation optimization before the construction of the steel truss floor decking, real-time dynamic monitoring during construction, and efficient collaborative management of all parties involved in the construction, so as to predict construction quality risks in advance, correct construction deviations in time, and improve the accuracy and efficiency of construction quality control; reduce construction costs, shorten construction period, and ensure that the construction quality of the steel truss floor decking meets high standards.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decks based on BIM and VR, comprising the following steps:

[0011] BIM 3D modeling: Use BIM modeling software to model the parameters of the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck to generate a BIM 3D model. Then, layout the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck to obtain a BIM layout solution model.

[0012] Construction plan simulation: 4D simulation is performed based on the BIM 3D model;

[0013] VR scene construction: convert the BIM 3D model into a VR-recognizable format and import it into VR scene construction software to produce a virtual reality construction scene;

[0014] 3D scanning and model comparison: 3D scan the constructed area to obtain 3D point cloud data, and compare the 3D point cloud data with the BIM 3D model. If the outer contour of the area to be laid out generated by the 3D point cloud data is found to be different from the layout area of ​​the BIM layout plan model, the layout is re-laid and the BIM layout plan model is adjusted.

[0015] Drone patrol monitoring: Control point marks are set on the cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck, and the drone is equipped with sensors and cameras, and cruises along a preset route, returning image and video data; the data is analyzed through a deep learning network model to calculate the installation efficiency; if the installation efficiency is found to exceed the floor decking installation efficiency limit value in the system database, it is determined that there is a risk of installation quality defects, and the system will prompt an abnormality and immediately conduct a manual quality inspection of the installation of the cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck in the area; if there are no quality issues, the floor decking installation efficiency limit value in the system database is modified; if there are quality issues, the installation is adjusted or reinstalled;

[0016] Real-time interaction and collaborative management: Construction workers from multiple parties wear VR devices to enter the virtual reality construction scene, and mark problem areas and / or send rectification instructions and / or discuss solution optimization as needed.

[0017] Preferably, the following steps are also included: floor deck acceptance: performing a second 3D scan of the constructed area to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data again, identifying the three-dimensional point cloud data in the area, and judging whether the cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor deck is installed correctly; if the installation is incorrect, adjusting or reinstalling it;

[0018] Preferably, after the paving of some areas to be laid is completed, the pipeline laying and pre-embedding work is started; after all pipelines and floor decking are installed, before pouring concrete, the floor decking acceptance step is carried out;

[0019] During the floor deck acceptance process, after acquiring the 3D point cloud data again, based on the pre-scanned data of the junction boxes to be installed, the CoProcess point cloud intelligent processing software and the cloudcompare point cloud preprocessing secondary development object recognition algorithm are used to identify the point cloud data in the area and determine the correctness of the number and location of the reserved pre-buried junction boxes. If incorrect, they are adjusted or reinstalled.

[0020] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps: pouring concrete: the drone cruises along a preset route to monitor quality risks during the concrete pouring operation; if any risks are found, the construction personnel are notified to handle them.

[0021] Preferably, the method further includes the following steps: Quality assessment: comprehensively assessing the construction quality and generating a quality assessment report.

[0022] Preferably, in the quality assessment step, based on the BIM three-dimensional model data, 3D scanning data, and drone monitoring data accumulated during the construction process, the information integration management function of BIM is utilized to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the construction quality and generate a quality assessment report.

[0023] Preferably, the following steps are also included: problem tracing and experience summary: tracing the causes of acceptance problems through BIM three-dimensional models and construction data, summarizing the experience and deficiencies of construction quality control, providing reference for subsequent projects, and optimizing the construction quality control method of the cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation.

[0024] Preferably, in the BIM three-dimensional modeling step, the steel bar specifications, steel bar types, steel bar layout, floor deck size, floor deck shape, floor deck connection nodes, and reserved and embedded pipelines of the cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck are modeled based on the architectural, structural, and electromechanical design drawings;

[0025] In the construction plan simulation step, the construction technology and process are combined to simulate the 3D model + time dimension; Navisworks software is used to simulate the construction sequence, material transportation path, and equipment operation process.

[0026] During the VR scene construction process, the BIM 3D model is converted into FBX format and imported into Unity or Unreal Engine's VR scene construction software; multiple perspectives and interaction methods are set, and construction safety warning information is added.

[0027] Preferably, before the installation of the cast-in-situ beam reinforcement truss floor deck, after the beam side formwork and beam reinforcement are completed, a step of 3D scanning and model comparison is performed;

[0028] During the drone patrol monitoring step, control point marks are set for each cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck; the installation efficiency is calculated every day based on the number of workers on site and the installation progress of the floor deck. If any abnormality is found between the installation efficiency and the records in the knowledge base, an alarm will be alerted to the management personnel; when quality problems such as steel bar welding defects, excessive floor deck splicing gaps, steel bar position offset, and floor deck installation angle errors that exceed the allowable range are identified, the system will mark and generate a report.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a BIM- and VR-based cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck installation construction quality control system, which is used to implement the BIM- and VR-based cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck installation construction quality control method described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising:

[0030] Image acquisition module, including a camera;

[0031] A flight module, comprising a drone, on which the image acquisition module is mounted;

[0032] A sensor module, comprising a sensor, wherein the UAV is equipped with the sensor module;

[0033] A GPS route positioning module, which is installed on the UAV and is used to monitor the route and location information of the UAV;

[0034] An information storage module, configured to receive the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the flight status data of the UAV;

[0035] A BIM module is used to present three-dimensional model information and construct a BIM three-dimensional model based on the image information acquired by the image acquisition module;

[0036] A VR display screen is used to display the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the BIM three-dimensional model information designed by the BIM module;

[0037] The computer is used to receive the information in the information storage module and formulate the inspection route of the drone, then perform data analysis on the BIM three-dimensional model and the information collected by the image acquisition module, and implement the demonstration in the BIM module and display it through the VR display screen.

[0038] The BIM and VR-based cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation construction quality control method and system provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The present invention provides a method and system for quality control of the installation of cast-in-place beam steel truss floor decking based on BIM and VR. The method and system use BIM technology to create a three-dimensional construction model of the steel truss floor decking, and combine VR technology to achieve immersive communication, thereby building a full-process, visual, and interactive construction quality control system, so that construction personnel can intuitively and clearly understand the spatial position, connection method and other details of each component, which greatly reduces the difficulty of understanding and effectively reduces construction errors caused by deviations in the comprehension of drawings; realizes scheme simulation optimization before the construction of the steel truss floor decking, real-time dynamic monitoring during construction, and efficient collaborative management of all parties involved in the construction, thereby predicting construction quality risks in advance, correcting construction deviations in a timely manner, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of construction quality control; reducing construction costs, shortening construction period, and ensuring that the construction quality of the steel truss floor decking meets high standards.

[0040] 2. The BIM and VR-based cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck installation construction quality control method and system provided by the present invention utilize the advantages of BIM technology in 3D visualization modeling, 3D scanning, drone patrol, object recognition algorithm module, deep learning network model information integration management, and immersive experience of VR technology. Through scanning point cloud model analysis, the boundaries of the installation area are extracted for actual measurement, the layout diagram is extracted for verification and fine-tuning, and the overall material cutting method is used. Database management is performed according to the remaining materials, saving materials and reducing high-altitude secondary cutting. Installation efficiency is improved. Based on the integrated BIM model of multiple disciplines, pipeline laying is carried out for each discipline, and the reservation and embedding of electrical conduits are deepened. The point cloud data of drone patrol is then combined for regional identification and automatically compared with the BIM model to verify the correctness of the construction. Through simulation analysis, potential problems in design and construction are discovered in advance. During the construction process, scanners, drones, etc. are used to collect data. In combination with the BIM+VR system, dynamic monitoring of construction quality is achieved, quality deviations are promptly discovered and adjusted, and quality problems are resolved in the bud.

[0041] BIM technology integrates various information from the entire lifecycle of a construction project in a three-dimensional digital format, enabling visual simulation of building structures, equipment, and pipelines, providing a powerful tool for construction management. Virtual reality (VR) technology creates an immersive virtual environment, allowing users to interact naturally with the virtual scene. This invention organically integrates BIM and VR technologies and applies them to the construction quality control of cast-in-place beam, steel truss, and floor decking, demonstrating enormous potential and broad application prospects.

[0042] 3. The BIM and VR-based cast-in-situ beam, steel bar truss, floor slab installation construction quality control method and system provided by the present invention, based on the BIM+VR platform, enables construction, design, supervision and other participating parties to work together in the same virtual environment, share construction information in real time, and jointly discuss and make decisions on construction quality issues, thereby significantly improving information interaction efficiency and collaborative management level; it addresses the defects of traditional methods such as frequent rework due to quality problems, which increases costs and the risk of delays in construction. Through simulation optimization before construction and precise control during construction, it reduces construction errors and rework times, reduces material waste and labor costs, and effectively shortens the construction period, thereby improving the economic and social benefits of engineering construction.

[0043] 4. The BIM- and VR-based cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation construction quality control method and system provided by the present invention constructs a complete quality control solution from pre-construction preparation, construction process monitoring to post-construction acceptance stage.

[0044] This invention achieves technological innovation through a fusion of three-dimensional visualization modeling and digital information management capabilities of BIM technology with the immersive interactive capabilities and user experience advantages of VR technology for construction quality control. It can also integrate 3D scanning, drone navigation, object recognition algorithms, and deep learning network model information integration and management. By utilizing BIM technology to digitally integrate and analyze construction information and VR technology to create an immersive interactive environment, it transcends the limitations of traditional construction quality control methods and provides a new technical approach for quality control of cast-in-place beam, steel truss, and floor deck construction.

[0045] This invention enables full-process quality control, establishing a comprehensive quality control system covering pre-construction preparation, construction process monitoring, and post-construction acceptance. Pre-construction optimization is achieved through BIM modeling and solution simulation. During construction, real-time dynamic monitoring is achieved through 3D scanning and drone patrols. Post-construction quality assessment and experience summary are conducted based on multi-source data, forming a closed-loop management system to ensure effective control of construction quality at every stage.

[0046] The present invention can realize intelligent analysis and decision support. That is, it uses object recognition algorithm modules and deep learning network models to intelligently analyze 3D scanning data and image and video data collected by drone cruise, automatically identify construction quality problems, and provide data support for construction quality control decisions, realizing an intelligent process from data collection and analysis to decision-making, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of quality control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a method for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, provided by another embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 This is an overview of the construction process of a method for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, provided by yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the 3D scanning and model comparison steps of a BIM and VR-based cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck installation construction quality control method provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the drone cruise monitoring steps of the BIM and VR-based cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation construction quality control method provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the floor deck acceptance steps of a method for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decks based on BIM and VR provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the concrete pouring steps of a method for quality control of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck installation construction based on BIM and VR provided by one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step S11, BIM 3D modeling: Model the parameters of the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck using BIM modeling software to generate a BIM 3D model, and layout the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck to obtain a BIM layout solution model;

[0058] Step S12, construction plan simulation: perform 4D simulation based on the BIM 3D model;

[0059] Step S13, VR scene construction: converting the BIM 3D model into a VR recognizable format and importing it into VR scene construction software to produce a virtual reality construction scene;

[0060] Step S21, 3D scanning and model comparison: 3D scanning is performed on the constructed area to obtain 3D point cloud data, and the 3D point cloud data is compared with the BIM 3D model; if the outer contour of the area to be laid out generated by the 3D point cloud data is found to be different from the layout area of ​​the BIM layout plan model, the layout is re-laid and the BIM layout plan model is adjusted;

[0061] Step S22, drone patrol monitoring: Control point marks are set for the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor decking, and the drone is equipped with sensors and cameras, and cruises on a preset route, and image and video data are transmitted back; the data is analyzed using a deep learning network model, and the installation efficiency is calculated; if the installation efficiency is found to exceed the floor decking installation efficiency limit value in the system database, it is determined that there is a risk of installation quality defects, and the system prompts an abnormality and immediately conducts a manual quality inspection of the cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor decking installation in the area; if there are no quality issues, the floor decking installation efficiency limit value in the system database is modified; if there are quality issues, the installation is adjusted or reinstalled;

[0062] Step S23, real-time interaction and collaborative management: multiple construction workers wear VR equipment to enter the virtual reality construction scene, and mark problem areas and / or send rectification instructions and / or discuss solution optimization as needed.

[0063] Among them, in step S22, if it is found that the installation efficiency exceeds the maximum installation efficiency value of the floor deck in the system database, it is judged that there is a risk of installation quality defects due to the blind pursuit of efficiency and inadequate process execution. The system will immediately prompt an abnormality and immediately conduct a manual quality inspection of the area.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the following steps are further included: Step S31, floor deck acceptance: perform a second 3D scan of the constructed area to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data again, identify the three-dimensional point cloud data in the area, and determine whether the cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck is installed correctly; if the installation is incorrect, adjust or reinstall it;

[0065] Preferably, after the paving of some areas to be laid is completed, the pipeline laying and pre-embedding work is started; after all pipelines and floor decking are installed, before pouring concrete, the floor decking acceptance step is carried out;

[0066] During the floor deck acceptance process, after acquiring the 3D point cloud data again, based on the pre-scanned data of the junction boxes to be installed, the CoProcess point cloud intelligent processing software and the cloudcompare point cloud preprocessing secondary development object recognition algorithm are used to identify the point cloud data in the area and determine the correctness of the number and location of the reserved pre-buried junction boxes. If incorrect, they are adjusted or reinstalled.

[0067] The CloudCompare point cloud preprocessing and secondary development object recognition algorithm refers to the object recognition function in the CloudCompare software, which is implemented through the system's built-in M3C2 plug-in.

[0068] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included:

[0069] Step S32, pouring concrete: the drone cruises along a preset route to monitor quality risks during the concrete pouring operation; if any risks are found, the construction personnel are notified to handle them.

[0070] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included: Step S33, quality assessment: comprehensively assess the construction quality and generate a quality assessment report.

[0071] Preferably, in the quality assessment step, based on the BIM three-dimensional model data, 3D scanning data, and drone monitoring data accumulated during the construction process, the information integration management function of BIM is utilized to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the construction quality and generate a quality assessment report.

[0072] Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

[0073] Step S34, problem tracing and experience summary: trace the causes of acceptance problems through BIM 3D models and construction data, summarize the experience and deficiencies of construction quality control, provide reference for subsequent projects, and optimize the construction quality control method of cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation.

[0074] In some embodiments, during the BIM 3D modeling step, the steel bar specifications, steel bar types, steel bar layout, floor deck dimensions, floor deck shapes, floor deck connection nodes, and reserved and embedded pipelines of the cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck are modeled based on the architectural, structural, and electromechanical design drawings.

[0075] In the construction plan simulation step, the construction technology and process are combined to simulate the 3D model + time dimension; Navisworks software is used to simulate the construction sequence, material transportation path, and equipment operation process.

[0076] During the VR scene construction process, the BIM 3D model is converted into FBX format and imported into Unity or Unreal Engine's VR scene construction software; multiple perspectives and interaction methods are set, and construction safety warning information is added.

[0077] In some embodiments, before installing the cast-in-place beam reinforcement truss floor deck, after the beam side formwork and beam reinforcement are completed, a 3D scanning and model comparison step is performed;

[0078] During the drone patrol monitoring process, control points are marked on each cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck; the installation efficiency is calculated every day based on the number of workers on site and the installation progress of the floor deck; if any anomalies are found between the installation efficiency and the records in the knowledge base, an alarm will be alerted to the management personnel; when quality problems such as steel bar welding defects, excessive gaps in floor deck splicing, steel bar position offset, and floor deck installation angle errors that exceed the allowable range are identified, the system will mark and generate a report.

[0079] In this embodiment of the BIM and VR-based cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation construction quality control method, the steps of BIM three-dimensional modeling, construction plan simulation, and VR scene construction are carried out in the pre-construction preparation stage; the steps of 3D scanning and model comparison, drone cruise monitoring, real-time interaction and collaborative management are carried out in the construction process monitoring stage; the steps of floor deck acceptance, concrete pouring, quality assessment, problem tracing and experience summary are carried out in the post-construction acceptance stage. Each link is closely linked to form a closed-loop management.

[0080] This embodiment of the BIM and VR-based method for quality control of cast-in-place beam, steel bar, truss, and floor deck installation uses BIM 3D modeling to accurately model and lay out the cast-in-place beam, steel bar, truss, and floor deck. This method also calculates the project quantity and provides accurate quantities to the material procurement department for procurement. This provides basic data for subsequent construction plan simulation, collision checking, and construction guidance. For example, accurate modeling can identify potential collision points between steel bars and pre-buried pipelines, enabling early design optimization.

[0081] Through the steps of construction plan simulation, problems such as conflicts in construction procedures and poor transportation routes can be discovered in advance, the construction plan can be optimized, confusion in the construction process can be avoided, and construction efficiency can be improved.

[0082] Through the steps of building a VR scene, construction workers can use VR equipment to familiarize themselves with the construction environment and process in advance, enhance their safety awareness, and reduce construction errors caused by unfamiliar operations.

[0083] During the 3D scanning and model comparison step, after the beam side formwork and beam reinforcement are completed, a high-precision 3D scanner is used to scan the constructed area in real time to obtain 3D point cloud data. Using an object recognition algorithm, this point cloud data is automatically compared with the BIM 3D model. The outer contours of the pre-layout area are extracted and compared with the pre-layout area of ​​the original BIM layout model. If any changes are detected in the layout area compared to the original BIM layout model, a prompt is immediately issued to re-layout and adjust the layout model to avoid rough cutting and installation on site.

[0084] During drone patrol monitoring, control point markers are affixed to each floor deck to increase recognition accuracy. Drones equipped with high-definition cameras and sensors cruise along pre-set routes, transmitting image and video data in real time. Data is analyzed using deep learning network models, and installation efficiency is calculated daily based on the number of workers on site and the progress of floor deck installation. If any deviations in installation efficiency are found from records in the knowledge base, management personnel are promptly alerted. This enables large-scale, efficient construction site monitoring, allowing for timely monitoring of quality and progress, and facilitating dynamic adjustments to construction schedules. Upon identifying quality issues such as steel bar welding defects, excessive gaps in floor deck splicing, steel bar position offsets, and floor deck installation angle errors that exceed the allowable range, the system automatically marks the issue and generates a report. This enables real-time monitoring of construction quality, timely identification of deviations, and guidance for rectification, ensuring construction accuracy.

[0085] During the real-time interaction and collaborative management process, construction personnel from all parties wear VR headsets, such as the HTC Vive, to enter a virtual reality construction scene. Within the VR scene, quality management personnel can mark problem areas and issue corrective instructions, while all parties discuss and optimize solutions. This technology breaks down information barriers, enabling efficient collaborative management and ensuring that quality issues are addressed promptly.

[0086] The floor decking acceptance process can ensure that the floor decking is installed correctly and that the number and position of components such as pre-buried junction boxes are correct.

[0087] During the concrete pouring process, drones cruise along a preset route, using the same principle to monitor common quality problems and hidden dangers in the concrete pouring operation.

[0088] Through the quality assessment steps, an objective and comprehensive evaluation basis can be provided for the construction quality to determine whether it meets the design and specification requirements.

[0089] Through the steps of problem tracing and experience summary, we can use BIM three-dimensional models and construction data to trace the causes of acceptance problems, summarize the experience and shortcomings of construction quality control, provide reference for subsequent projects, and continuously optimize quality control methods.

[0090] like Figure 3 As shown, the method for controlling the installation construction quality of cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR in this embodiment, in the pre-construction preparation stage, in the step of BIM three-dimensional modeling, creates a BIM three-dimensional model of the floor decking based on the architectural design documents, structural design documents, electromechanical design documents, floor decking processing and production technology and installation and transportation plans; obtains the comprehensive information of the electromechanical professional model, the floor decking layout number and the reserved hole processing plan, obtains the floor decking purchase list through the floor decking layout number, and obtains the floor decking installation drawing and the floor decking hole drawing through the reserved hole processing plan.

[0091] During the VR scene construction process, obtain VR results delivery and immersive interactive technology briefing.

[0092] During the construction process monitoring phase, 3D scanning and model comparison steps are carried out before the floor decking is installed. After the beam side formwork is installed, the shape of the floor decking area to be arranged is 3D scanned and automatically compared with the BIM 3D model. If any changes are found in the layout area compared to the BIM 3D model, the reserved hole treatment plan is adjusted and the layout is re-created.

[0093] During the installation of floor decking, drone patrol monitoring is carried out, and the floor decking installation is carried out through the information collected by drone patrol data, the information collected by 3D scanner data, the deep learning network model and the object recognition algorithm module; then the pipeline reservation and embedding, as well as the floor decking acceptance steps are carried out; at the same time, point cloud data files, quality assessment reports and experience rectification reports are obtained.

[0094] During the acceptance stage, the plate reinforcement is tied, and then the concrete pouring step is carried out based on the information collected by the drone cruise data, the information collected by the 3D scanner data, the deep learning network model and the object recognition algorithm module; at the same time, the point cloud data file, quality assessment report and experience rectification report are obtained.

[0095] The construction quality control method of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor deck installation based on BIM and VR in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the 3D scanning and model comparison step, BIM layout and floor deck modeling are carried out according to the design drawings, and then immersive technical briefing is achieved through VR technology. The first 3D scan is performed after the beam side formwork is installed, and then the outer contours of each area to be installed are extracted from the scanned point cloud data. The deviation between the outer contour and the BIM layout scheme model is analyzed, and the position of the beam and the BIM layout scheme model are adjusted according to the deviation.

[0096] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, during the drone patrol monitoring step, special control points are marked on the key locations of the floor decking, and then the floor decking installation steps are carried out. Then, through drone patrol, the point cloud data and the floor decking feature points, as well as the labor productivity of the on-site construction personnel and the knowledge base are matched to determine whether the construction progress is abnormal. If the construction progress is abnormally fast or too slow, it is determined whether the construction size deviation is too large.

[0097] like Figure 6As shown, in the floor deck acceptance step, pipeline laying is carried out, then the floor deck installation acceptance is carried out, and a second 3D scan is performed. The point cloud data and the floor deck feature points are compared with the BIM three-dimensional model, and the object recognition algorithm is used to determine the position and number of the junction boxes, whether the laying direction of the reinforced floor deck is correct, whether the reserved holes are within the allowable deviation range, whether the floor deck has no twisting or deformation, whether the side tie hooks of the floor deck are tightly connected, and whether the lowering elevation is correct.

[0098] like Figure 7 As shown, during the concrete pouring step, the slab reinforcement is tied, the reinforcement acceptance is carried out, and the concrete is poured. Through drone cruising, a three-dimensional comparison is made between the point cloud data and the characteristic points of the floor decking and the BIM three-dimensional model of the floor decking to determine whether there are wood chips, debris, and scraps in the formwork before pouring, to confirm whether the specifications, lengths, and arrangement spacing of the additional reinforcement before pouring are accurate, to confirm that there are no leakage areas at the slab edges and special-shaped areas or cut locations, and to determine whether the core tube side support angle steel and the external cantilever support settings meet the design requirements to avoid the accumulation of excessive concentrated loads.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] This embodiment provides a BIM- and VR-based cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck installation construction quality control system, which is used to implement the BIM- and VR-based cast-in-place beam, steel bar truss, and floor deck installation construction quality control method of Example 1, including:

[0101] Image acquisition module, including a camera;

[0102] A flight module, including a drone equipped with an image acquisition module;

[0103] A sensor module, including a sensor, is mounted on the drone;

[0104] GPS route positioning module, which is installed on the drone and used to monitor the drone's route and location information;

[0105] An information storage module is used to receive the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the flight status data of the UAV;

[0106] The BIM module is used to present the three-dimensional model information and construct the BIM three-dimensional model based on the image information obtained by the image acquisition module;

[0107] The VR display screen is used to display the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the BIM three-dimensional model information designed by the BIM module;

[0108] The computer is used to receive the information in the information storage module and formulate the inspection route of the drone, and then perform data analysis on the information collected by the BIM three-dimensional model and image acquisition module, and implement the demonstration in the BIM module and display it through the VR display screen.

[0109] The above embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to provide an exhaustive list of all implementations. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0110] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0111] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed and operates in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0112] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: BIM 3D Modeling: Parameters of the cast-in-place beam, steel bar, and truss floor deck are modeled using BIM modeling software. Based on the architectural design documents, structural design documents, electromechanical design documents, and the deck processing and production processes, installation, and transportation plans, a BIM 3D model of the deck is generated. The cast-in-place beam, steel bar, and truss floor deck are then laid out to obtain a BIM layout model. Construction plan simulation: Based on the BIM 3D model, perform 4D simulation of the construction plan; VR scene construction: convert the BIM 3D model into a VR-recognizable format and import it into VR scene construction software to produce a virtual reality construction scene; 3D scanning and model comparison: BIM layout and floor deck modeling are performed based on the design drawings. Immersive technical briefing is then conducted using VR technology. A first 3D scan is performed on the constructed beam side formwork and beam reinforcement to obtain 3D point cloud data. The outer contours of each area to be installed are then extracted from the scanned point cloud data. The deviation between the outer contours of each area to be installed extracted from the 3D point cloud data and the BIM layout model is analyzed. If it is found that the outer contour of the area to be installed generated by the three-dimensional point cloud data is different from the layout area of ​​the BIM layout plan model, the layout is re-set, and the position of the beam and the BIM layout plan model are adjusted according to the deviation; Drone patrol monitoring: Control point marks are set on each cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck, and the drone is equipped with sensors and cameras, and cruises on a preset route, and transmits image and video data back; Every day, based on the number of workers on site and the progress of floor decking installation, a deep learning network model is used to analyze data and calculate installation efficiency. If any discrepancy is found between the installation efficiency and the records in the knowledge base, an alert is sent to management personnel. The system also determines whether the construction progress is abnormal. If the progress is abnormally fast or slow, it determines whether the construction dimensions have deviated significantly. If the installation efficiency is found to exceed the floor decking limit installation efficiency value in the system database, it is determined that there is a risk of installation quality defects due to the pursuit of efficiency and inadequate process execution. The system will prompt an abnormality and immediately conduct a manual quality inspection of the installation of the cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor decking in the area; If there is no quality problem, modifying the floor decking limit installation efficiency value in the system database; If there is any quality problem, adjust or reinstall; Real-time interaction and collaborative management: Construction workers from multiple parties wear VR devices to enter the virtual reality construction scene. Quality management personnel mark problem areas and / or send corrective instructions as needed, and all parties discuss and optimize the solution together. Floor deck acceptance: Perform a second 3D scan of the constructed area to obtain 3D point cloud data again, identify the 3D point cloud data within the area, and determine whether the cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck is installed correctly; if not, adjust or reinstall it; Concrete pouring: The drone is operated along a preset route to monitor quality risks during concrete pouring operations; if any risks are found, the construction personnel are notified to handle them; Quality assessment: conduct a comprehensive assessment of construction quality and generate a quality assessment report; Problem tracing and experience summary: Using BIM 3D models and construction data to trace the causes of acceptance problems, summarize the experience and deficiencies of construction quality control, provide reference for subsequent projects, and optimize the construction quality control method for the cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck installation; The steps of BIM three-dimensional modeling, construction plan simulation, and VR scene construction are carried out in the pre-construction preparation stage; the steps of 3D scanning and model comparison, drone cruise monitoring, real-time interaction and collaborative management are carried out in the construction process monitoring stage; the steps of floor decking acceptance, concrete pouring, quality assessment, problem tracing and experience summary are carried out in the post-construction acceptance stage, forming a closed-loop management of each link.

2. The method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor decking based on BIM and VR according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After the paving of some areas to be laid is completed, the pipeline laying and pre-embedding work will begin; after all pipelines and floor decking are installed, before pouring concrete, the floor decking acceptance step will be carried out; During the floor deck acceptance process, after acquiring the 3D point cloud data again, based on the pre-scanned data of the junction boxes to be installed, the CoProcess point cloud intelligent processing software and the cloudcompare point cloud preprocessing secondary development object recognition algorithm are used to identify the point cloud data in the area and determine the correctness of the number and location of the reserved pre-buried junction boxes. If incorrect, they are adjusted or reinstalled.

3. The method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor deck based on BIM and VR according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the quality assessment process, based on the BIM three-dimensional model data, 3D scanning data, and drone monitoring data accumulated during the construction process, and utilizing BIM's information integration management function, a comprehensive assessment of the construction quality is conducted to generate a quality assessment report.

4. The method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor deck based on BIM and VR according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the BIM 3D modeling step, the steel bar specifications, steel bar types, steel bar layout, floor deck size, floor deck shape, floor deck connection nodes, and reserved and embedded pipelines of the cast-in-place beam steel truss floor deck are modeled based on the architectural, structural, and electromechanical design drawings; During the construction plan simulation, we combined the construction technology and process to simulate the 3D model and time dimension. We also used Navisworks software to simulate the construction sequence, material transportation path, and equipment operation process. During the VR scene building process, the BIM 3D model is converted into FBX format and imported into Unity or UnrealEngine's VR scene building software; multiple perspectives and interaction methods are set, and construction safety warning information is added.

5. The method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor deck based on BIM and VR according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: During the drone patrol monitoring process, when quality problems such as steel bar welding defects, excessive gaps in floor decking splicing, steel bar position offset, and floor decking installation angle errors exceeding the allowable range are identified, the system will mark and generate a report.

6. The construction quality control system for cast-in-place beam steel bar truss floor deck installation based on BIM and VR is characterized by: A method for controlling the installation quality of cast-in-situ beam steel bar truss floor decks based on BIM and VR according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: Image acquisition module, including a camera; A flight module, comprising a drone, on which the image acquisition module is mounted; A sensor module, comprising a sensor, wherein the UAV is equipped with the sensor module; A GPS route positioning module, which is installed on the UAV and is used to monitor the route and location information of the UAV; An information storage module, configured to receive the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the flight status data of the UAV; A BIM module is used to present three-dimensional model information and construct a BIM three-dimensional model based on the image information acquired by the image acquisition module; A VR display screen is used to display the image information collected by the image acquisition module and the BIM three-dimensional model information designed by the BIM module; The computer is used to receive the information in the information storage module and formulate the inspection route of the drone, then perform data analysis on the BIM three-dimensional model and the information collected by the image acquisition module, and implement the demonstration in the BIM module and display it through the VR display screen.

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