Carbon right-green certificate collaborative transaction method based on block chain

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon right-green certificate collaborative transaction method based on a block chain, and belongs to the field of block chain technology and environment management. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) deploying an intelligent contract based on an Ethereum platform, and integrating power transaction, carbon quota delivery and green certificate issuing process chains to realize automatic execution of transaction rules and non-tampering of data; (2) a Carbon Token excitation mechanism is innovatively designed, a DPoS-CT consensus algorithm considering the right of the Carbon Token is proposed, and a market subject is excited to continuously reduce emission; 3) a dynamic reputation model and a reward and punishment mechanism are used to quantify subject performance behaviors and distribute on-chain rights and interests; and 4) resetting the transaction cycle every 24 hours, and optimizing quota allocation and consensus parameters based on historical data. According to the mechanism provided by the invention, renewable energy transaction can be effectively stimulated, and after the block chain carbon pass system is introduced, the quota completion rate, the green electricity utilization rate, the carbon emission, the carbon right-green certificate transaction volume and the economic benefit are optimized to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of blockchain technology and environmental management, and in particular relates to a blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method. Background Art

[0002] Carbon Emission Trading (CET) and Green Certificate Trading (GCT) are important policy tools for promoting the coordination of power economy and emission reduction targets, and they have significant complementary characteristics. However, the current CET and GCT markets operate in a fragmented state, with bottlenecks such as low green certificate trading activity, insufficient carbon emission reduction incentives, and a lack of cross-market coordination rules, making it difficult for the two to form a policy synergy.

[0003] Blockchain technology, with its distributed ledger, immutable data, and traceable transactions, offers innovative solutions for building a trusted electricity-carbon market system. Its core components, including encryption algorithms, consensus mechanisms, chained storage, and smart contracts, effectively support the operational management, asset ownership confirmation, and data traceability of joint trading platforms. While existing technologies have explored the application of blockchain in single carbon rights or green certificate trading scenarios, such as improving transaction settlement efficiency through cross-chain technology and optimizing data synchronization through underlying consensus mechanisms, significant limitations exist. First, existing solutions often focus on single applications of underlying blockchain technology, such as full-cycle transaction data on-chain or cross-chain interoperability. However, specialized smart contract architectures, adaptable consensus mechanisms, and trusted incentive methods for energy and power derivatives trading scenarios have yet to be fully explored. Second, existing reputation evaluation models struggle to accurately quantify the emission reduction contributions of market participants, leading to a disconnect between on-chain incentives and entity behavior, hindering the continued improvement of market participation and emission reduction benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This paper proposes a blockchain-based method for the combined trading of carbon rights and green certificates, aiming to address existing market fragmentation, the lack of quantified environmental value, and inefficient incentive mechanisms. This method achieves deep multi-market integration through the anchoring of carbon token value, a dynamic consensus algorithm, and a smart contract architecture.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Deploy a smart contract for carbon rights and green certificates based on the Ethereum platform, integrating power trading, carbon quota delivery, and green certificate issuance processes on the chain;

[0007] Step 2: Design a Carbon Token incentive mechanism and propose a DPoS-CT consensus algorithm that takes Carbon Token into consideration.

[0008] Step 3: Build a dynamic reputation model and reward and punishment mechanism to quantify the subject's performance and allocate on-chain rights and interests;

[0009] Step 4: Reset the transaction cycle every 24 hours and optimize quota allocation and consensus parameters based on historical data.

[0010] Specifically, the specific steps in Step 1 are: (1) quota allocation and margin pledge; (2) sealed quotation and on-chain matching; (3) security verification and transaction broadcast; (4) multi-party signature and automatic settlement; (5) reward and punishment execution and reputation value update.

[0011] Specifically, in Step 2, the accounting rights distribution method of the DPoS-CT consensus module is as follows: Top-N nodes are elected as accounting principals in each cycle, and the election basis is the change rate of the normalized carbon reduction capacity function; accounting rewards are weighted according to carbon token holdings and historical emission reduction contributions, and malicious nodes will have 50% of their pledged tokens deducted.

[0012] Specifically, in Step 3, the dynamic reputation model and reward and punishment mechanism are constructed as follows: the default penalty value is calculated through the Fibonacci sequence, and the trading rights of entities with a reputation value below the threshold are restricted:

[0013] The initial credit value and its upper limit are both set to 100. If the deviation between the user's actual power generation and consumption and the power specified in the contract is within a certain range, the subject's performance credit score is judged to be +1. Otherwise, the user's credit value is deducted, and before the start of each round of transactions, the user's credit value is updated to the value obtained after the credit value evaluation of the previous round of transactions. The credit value deduction method is shown in formula (1), and the assessment standard is shown in formula (2)

[0014]

[0015] Where: U i is the credit deduction value of the node in the kth default transaction; the deduction principle adopts the Fibonacci sequence, that is, when the node has the first and second default behaviors, 1 point is deducted; when the number of consecutive defaults is greater than 2, the deduction value is the sum of the previous two deduction values; U i-1 is the previous deduction value; U i-2 For U i-1 The previous deduction value; is the reputation value of transaction subject i in round t; The amount of electricity that user i should trade in the t-round transaction according to the contract; is the deviation power of user i in the t-th round of transaction; μ pdtv is the deviation threshold 0<μ pdtv <1;α rvc is the reputation value attenuation coefficient;

[0016] In order to maintain the stability and regular accounting of the blockchain, the accounting rewards are combined with the penalty for breach of contract, and the penalty for breach of contract of each responsible party is used as an incentive source, as shown below

[0017]

[0018] Where: The bookkeeping and block generation reward obtained by transaction subject i in round t; N is the penalty paid by node n in round t-1 and the number of defaulting entities; λ is the dividend ratio of node i that completes the verification.

[0019] Specifically, Step 4 includes: (1) transaction declaration; (2) on-chain matching; (3) consensus verification; (4) settlement and delivery; and (5) credit update.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) Through the use of blockchain technology, the dual market barriers of carbon rights and green certificates are broken down, and a joint trading framework driven by smart contracts is established to achieve closed-loop incentives for emission reduction targets and green electricity consumption, thereby increasing trading volume.

[0022] (2) Based on the on-chain carbon token and zero-knowledge proof, the entire process of quota verification and green electricity traceability is ensured to be tamper-proof, thereby improving the quota completion rate and eradicating the pain point of data falsification.

[0023] (3) Integrate real-time market and high-frequency on-chain settlement, support minute-level clearing and accurate quantification of carbon emissions and economic benefits, improve the utilization rate of green electricity, and provide a real-time data foundation for carbon financial derivatives. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the architecture of the smart contract for the carbon rights-green certificate combined transaction of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a transaction flow chart of the smart contract for the carbon rights-green certificate combined transaction of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a 24-hour operation flow chart of the carbon rights-green certificate joint market using the carbon token formed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1: Figure 1-3 As shown in FIG, a blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Deploy a smart contract for carbon rights and green certificates joint transactions based on the Ethereum platform, integrate the electricity trading, carbon quota delivery and green certificate issuance process chain, and realize the automatic execution of transaction rules and the tamper-proofness of data.

[0030] The key to combining the carbon rights and green certificates market with the blockchain lies in the design of smart contracts. Considering the different attributes of the transaction objects in the joint market, the contract deployment functions of each link need to be written on their respective contracts. The architecture of the smart contract for the carbon rights and green certificates joint transaction designed by this invention is divided into five stages according to the functions of the transaction system. The internal logic of the core functions of each stage is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0031] The transaction process of the smart contract based on the carbon rights-green certificate joint transaction of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it is divided into the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Call the quota allocation function, the regulatory agency allocates quotas to each entity based on indicators, and formulates a smart contract framework.

[0033] Step 2: Each participant declares the electricity quantity, green certificate and carbon rights quotation information to the network in a sealed manner according to its own needs, and transfers a certain amount of carbon tokens to the smart contract as a deposit.

[0034] Step 3: After the transaction listing period ends, the regulatory agency conducts a security check on the pending order. If it passes, the smart contract will record the transaction information in the blockchain and broadcast the results to the entire network.

[0035] Step 4: Participants call the smart contract by accessing the address, formulate the contract to automatically execute a series of conditions, and sign it with their own private keys to ensure the validity of the contract.

[0036] Step 5: After the transaction enters the settlement phase, the clearing contract is triggered according to the matching algorithm and settlement is automatically performed.

[0037] Step 6: The executed contract is propagated in the transaction network through P2P. Nodes with accounting authority package the contracts within the cycle into blocks, reach consensus, and broadcast them to the blockchain network.

[0038] Step 7: After the delivery is completed, the number of carbon tokens obtained by each entity in the cycle will be counted, and the margin replenishment and refund will be completed.

[0039] Step 8: Review the completion of quota obligations, punish the responsible parties who fail to meet the quota requirements, reward the main nodes that complete verification and block production, and update credit points.

[0040] Step 2: Design a Carbon Token incentive mechanism and propose a DPoS-CT consensus algorithm that takes Carbon Token into consideration to encourage market players to continuously reduce emissions.

[0041] The consensus algorithm is the core of blockchain. Using Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) allows the power derivatives trading center to retain control over the blockchain trading system while allowing transactions to be conducted autonomously by nodes. This ensures fairness and autonomy, meeting the needs of real-time power grid transactions. Therefore, this paper proposes a carbon token-based consensus mechanism, DPoSCT. This mechanism uses carbon reduction credits as the entry threshold for blockchain carbon tokens. Leveraging the DPoS mechanism, it uniformly calculates the carbon reduction capabilities of market entities, comprised of both their carbon reduction and their reputation.

[0042] The accounting rights distribution method of the DPoS-CT consensus module is as follows: Top-N nodes are elected as accounting principals in each cycle, and the election basis is the change rate of the normalized carbon reduction capacity function; accounting rewards are weighted according to the carbon token holdings and historical emission reduction contributions, and malicious nodes will have 50% of the pledged tokens deducted.

[0043] Considering that the carbon token represented by the carbon reduction amount is different from the credit value, after normalizing the two, the carbon reduction capacity function of the market entity is obtained as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where: is the carbon reduction capability function of market entities; T i t The number of carbon tokens owned by transaction subject i in round t; are the variance of the carbon token quantity and reputation value of subject i in round t respectively; is the variance of carbon reduction of subject k when blockchain is not considered; λ1 and λ2 are the weight coefficients of carbon token and reputation model respectively; is the number of carbon tokens obtained by entity i through round t of transactions.

[0046] Since the carbon reduction capability function mainly reflects the carbon token holdings and reputation of market entities, the higher the carbon token holdings, the easier it is to obtain blockchain accounting rights. Therefore, this invention proposes voting based on the change rate of the carbon reduction capability function shown in formula (6), and selects a list of delegates according to the DPoS concept, so that they have the opportunity to participate in the competition for accounting rights. In fact, from the perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction, this design is also a potential incentive. Whether a node can obtain accounting rights mainly depends on whether it can achieve good development in sustainable carbon reduction.

[0047]

[0048] Where: r it is the rate of change of the carbon reduction capability function of subject i in round t; Carbon reduction for market entities in the t-1 round

[0049] Step 3: Build a dynamic reputation model and reward and punishment mechanism to quantify the performance of the subject and allocate on-chain rights and interests. Calculate the default penalty value through the Fibonacci sequence and restrict the trading rights of the subject whose reputation value is below the threshold.

[0050] The reputation management mechanism is an important part of the design of the blockchain-based power derivatives trading platform. A reasonable reputation management mechanism design can effectively motivate all parties to improve their active performance of the contract. The present invention sets the initial reputation value and its upper limit to 100. If the deviation between the user's actual power generation and consumption and the power specified in the contract is within a certain range, the subject's performance reputation score is +1. Otherwise, the user's reputation value is deducted, and before the start of each round of transactions, the user's reputation value is updated to the value obtained after the reputation value evaluation of the previous round of transactions. The reputation value deduction method is shown in formula (1), and the assessment standard is shown in formula (2)

[0051]

[0052] Where: U i is the credit deduction value of the node in the kth default transaction; the deduction principle adopts the Fibonacci sequence, that is, when the node has the first and second default behaviors, 1 point is deducted; when the number of consecutive defaults is greater than 2, the deduction value is the sum of the previous two deduction values; U i-1 is the previous deduction value; U i-2 For U i-1 The previous deduction value; is the reputation value of transaction subject i in round t; The amount of electricity that user i should trade in the t-round transaction according to the contract; is the deviation power of user i in the t-th round of transaction; μ pdtv is the deviation threshold 0<μ pdtv <1;α rvc is the reputation value attenuation coefficient.

[0053] In order to maintain the stability and regular accounting of the blockchain, the present invention considers combining accounting rewards with breach of contract penalties, so the breach of contract penalties of each responsible party can be used as an incentive source, as shown below

[0054]

[0055] Where: The bookkeeping and block generation reward obtained by transaction subject i in round t; N is the penalty paid by node n in round t-1 and the number of defaulting entities; λ is the dividend ratio of node i that completes the verification.

[0056] Step 4: Reset the transaction cycle every 24 hours and optimize quota allocation and consensus parameters based on historical data, including: (1) transaction declaration; (2) on-chain matching; (3) consensus verification; (4) settlement and delivery; (5) reputation update.

[0057] Combining the design of the blockchain smart contract, consensus algorithm, credit management and reward and punishment incentive mechanism, the 24-hour operation process of the carbon rights-green certificate joint market considering the carbon token of the present invention can be obtained as follows: Figure 3 The steps are as follows.

[0058] Step 1: Build a blockchain network, deploy smart contracts and initialize carbon quotas;

[0059] Step 2: Market participants submit encrypted quotes and pledge carbon tokens as margin;

[0060] Step 3: Realize the multilateral transaction matching and on-chain settlement of electricity, carbon and green certificates through smart contracts;

[0061] Step 4: Complete transaction data packaging and block generation based on the DPoS-CT consensus mechanism;

[0062] Step 5: Dynamically update the credit value and implement rewards and penalties. The deposit and carbon token will be deducted from the entity that fails to fulfill the contract.

[0063] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Deploy a smart contract for carbon rights and green certificates based on the Ethereum platform, integrating power trading, carbon quota delivery, and green certificate issuance processes on the chain; Step 2: Design a Carbon Token incentive mechanism and propose a DPoS-CT consensus algorithm that takes Carbon Token into consideration. Step 3: Build a dynamic reputation model and reward and punishment mechanism to quantify the subject's performance and allocate on-chain rights and interests; Step 4: Reset the transaction cycle every 24 hours and optimize quota allocation and consensus parameters based on historical data.

2. A blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in Step 1 are: (1) quota allocation and margin pledge; (2) sealed quotation and on-chain matching; (3) security verification and transaction broadcast; (4) multi-party signature and automatic settlement; (5) reward and punishment execution and reputation value update.

3. The blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In Step 2, the accounting rights distribution method of the DPoS-CT consensus module is as follows: Top-N nodes are elected as accounting principals in each cycle, and the election basis is the change rate of the normalized carbon reduction capacity function; accounting rewards are weighted according to carbon token holdings and historical emission reduction contributions, and malicious nodes will have 50% of their staked tokens deducted.

4. The blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In Step 3, the dynamic reputation model and reward and punishment mechanism are constructed as follows: the default penalty value is calculated through the Fibonacci sequence, and the trading rights of entities with reputation values below the threshold are restricted: The initial credit value and its upper limit are both set to 100. If the deviation between the user's actual power generation and consumption and the power specified in the contract is within a certain range, the subject's performance credit score is judged to be +1. Otherwise, the user's credit value is deducted, and before the start of each round of transactions, the user's credit value is updated to the value obtained after the credit value evaluation of the previous round of transactions. The credit value deduction method is shown in formula (1), and the assessment standard is shown in formula (2) Where: U i is the credit deduction value of the node in the kth default transaction; the deduction principle adopts the Fibonacci sequence, that is, when the node has the first and second default behaviors, 1 point is deducted; when the number of consecutive defaults is greater than 2, the deduction value is the sum of the previous two deduction values; U i-1 is the previous deduction value; U i-2 For U i-1 The previous deduction value; is the reputation value of transaction subject i in round t; The amount of electricity that user i should trade in the t-round transaction according to the contract; is the deviation power of user i in the t-th round of transaction; μ pdtv is the deviation threshold 0<μ pdtv <1;α rvc is the reputation value attenuation coefficient; In order to maintain the stability and regular accounting of the blockchain, the accounting rewards are combined with the penalty for breach of contract, and the penalty for breach of contract of each responsible party is used as an incentive source, as shown below Where: The bookkeeping and block generation reward obtained by transaction subject i in round t; N is the penalty paid by node n in round t-1 and the number of defaulting entities; λ is the dividend ratio of node i that completes the verification.

5. The blockchain-based carbon rights-green certificate collaborative trading method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Step 4 specifically includes: (1) transaction declaration; (2) on-chain matching; (3) consensus verification; (4) settlement and delivery; and (5) credit update.

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