Surge protection device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a surge protection device and a vehicle, and the device comprises a detection module of which the input end is used for accessing a power supply voltage signal and is connected with a load power supply end through a power harness, and which is configured to output a first detection signal when detecting that a surge voltage signal exists in the power harness based on a comparison result of a reference voltage signal and the power supply voltage signal; the first end of the switch module is connected with the output end of the detection module, and the switch module is switched off according to the first detection signal; the first input end of the protection module is connected with the input end of the detection module, the second input end of the protection module is connected with the second end of the switch module, the output end of the protection module is connected with the load power supply end, and the protection module is configured to respond to turn-off of the switch module and control connection between the first input end and the output end of the protection module based on a surge voltage signal. A voltage signal which is output to a load power supply end through an output end of the clamp is clamped in a safe voltage range; therefore, safe and reliable surge protection can be carried out on the power supply loop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of surge protection, and in particular to a surge protection device and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The power system of an electric vehicle primarily consists of a power battery, a low-voltage storage battery, a charging system, an energy management system, and related control circuits and connection lines. The power battery generally powers the vehicle's drive motor and other high-voltage equipment, while the low-voltage storage battery generally powers the vehicle's low-voltage equipment.

[0003] In related technologies, in a low-voltage power supply circuit, where a low-voltage battery supplies power to low-voltage equipment, many components are typically connected to the low-voltage power wiring harness. The switching of inductive components can cause certain surge voltages on the low-voltage wiring harness, damaging equipment in the circuit. Furthermore, in a high-voltage power supply circuit, where a power battery supplies power to high-voltage equipment, corresponding surge voltages also occur on the high-voltage wiring harness, damaging equipment in the circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a surge protection device and a vehicle that can safely and reliably protect the power supply circuit from surges.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a surge protection device, comprising:

[0006] a detection module, wherein an input end of the detection module is used to receive a power supply voltage signal and is connected to a load power supply end through a power supply harness, and is configured to output a first detection signal when a surge voltage signal is detected in the power supply harness based on a comparison result between a reference voltage signal and the power supply voltage signal;

[0007] a switch module, a first end of the switch module being connected to the output end of the detection module and being configured to be turned off according to the first detection signal;

[0008] A protection module, wherein a first input end of the protection module is connected to the input end of the detection module, a second input end of the protection module is connected to the second end of the switch module, and an output end of the protection module is connected to the load power supply end. The protection module is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module and control the connection between its own first input end and output end based on the surge voltage signal to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its own output end within a safe voltage range.

[0009] In one embodiment, the detection module includes:

[0010] A voltage divider unit, wherein the input end of the voltage divider unit is used to receive the power supply voltage signal and is connected to the load power supply end through the power harness, and the input end of the voltage divider unit is connected to the first input end of the protection module;

[0011] A comparison unit, wherein the first input end of the comparison unit is connected to the reference voltage end, the second input end of the comparison unit is connected to the output end of the voltage divider unit, and the output end of the comparison unit is connected to the first end of the switch module; wherein the comparison unit is configured to compare the voltage-dividing signal output from the output end of the voltage-dividing unit with the reference voltage signal of the reference voltage end, and output the first detection signal when the voltage-dividing signal is greater than the reference voltage signal.

[0012] In one embodiment, the switch module includes:

[0013] A controllable switch, wherein a control end of the controllable switch is connected to the output end of the detection module, a first end of the controllable switch is connected to a reference ground signal, a second end of the controllable switch is connected to the second input end of the protection module, and the controllable switch is configured to be turned off according to the first detection signal.

[0014] In one embodiment, the protection module includes:

[0015] a current limiting unit, wherein a first end of the current limiting unit is connected to the input end of the detection module, and a second end of the current limiting unit is connected to the second end of the switch module;

[0016] A clamping unit, wherein the first end of the clamping unit is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, the control end of the clamping unit is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the clamping unit is connected to the load power supply end; wherein the clamping unit is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module and, based on the current limiting voltage signal at the second end of the current limiting unit, control the connection between its own first end and second end so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its own second end within the safe voltage range.

[0017] In one embodiment, the clamping unit includes:

[0018] a clamping subunit, wherein a first end of the clamping subunit is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, a control end of the clamping subunit is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and a second end of the clamping subunit is connected to the load power supply end;

[0019] a voltage stabilizing subunit, wherein a first end of the voltage stabilizing subunit is connected to a second end of the current limiting unit, and a second end of the voltage stabilizing subunit is connected to a reference ground signal;

[0020] The clamping subunit is configured to, in response to the shutdown of the switch module, control the communication between its first and second ends based on the current limiting voltage signal at the second end of the current limiting unit, so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its second end within the safe voltage range;

[0021] The voltage stabilizing subunit is configured to, in response to the turning off of the switch module, stabilize the voltage of the control terminal of the clamping subunit based on the current limiting voltage signal of the second terminal of the current limiting unit.

[0022] In one embodiment, the clamping subunit includes a transistor, and the voltage stabilizing subunit includes a diode;

[0023] The first end of the transistor is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, the control end of the transistor is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the transistor is connected to the load power supply end;

[0024] The first end of the diode is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the diode is connected to the reference ground signal.

[0025] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0026] a protection module, wherein the first end of the switch module is connected to the output end of the detection module through the protection module;

[0027] a processing module, the processing module being connected to the enable terminal of the protection module and configured to send an enable signal or a disable signal to the protection module;

[0028] Wherein, the protection module is configured to be enabled according to the enable signal to transmit the signal outputted from the output terminal of the detection module to the first terminal of the switch module;

[0029] The protection module is also configured to be disabled according to the disabling signal to prevent the signal output from the output end of the detection module from being transmitted to the first end of the switch module, and to provide a conduction voltage signal to the first end of the switch module so that the switch module is turned on according to the conduction voltage signal.

[0030] In one embodiment, the protection module includes:

[0031] a three-state gate, wherein an input end of the three-state gate is connected to an output end of the detection module, an output end of the three-state gate is connected to a first end of the switch module, and an enable end of the three-state gate is connected to the processing module;

[0032] A pull-up subunit, wherein the output end of the pull-up subunit is connected to the output end of the tri-state gate, and the input end of the pull-up subunit is connected to a preset power signal.

[0033] In one embodiment, it further includes:

[0034] a first temperature measurement module, wherein the first temperature measurement module is connected to the processing module;

[0035] The first temperature measurement module is configured to detect the temperature of the protection module and output a first temperature measurement signal to the processing module;

[0036] The processing module is also configured to send the disabling signal to the protection module when it is determined that the first temperature measurement signal exceeds a first preset temperature threshold, and is also configured to send an enabling signal to the protection module when the first temperature measurement signal drops from exceeding the first preset temperature threshold to less than or equal to a second preset temperature threshold; wherein the second preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold.

[0037] In one embodiment, the processing module is connected to the output end of the detection module;

[0038] The processing module is further configured to count the number of the first detection signals, and send the disabling signal to the protection module when it is determined that the number of the first detection signals exceeds a preset number threshold within a preset time period.

[0039] In one embodiment, the detection module is further configured to output a second detection signal when it is detected that the surge voltage signal does not exist in the power harness based on a comparison result between the reference voltage signal and the supply voltage signal;

[0040] The switch module is further configured to be turned on according to the second detection signal;

[0041] The protection module is further configured to control the disconnection between its first input terminal and output terminal in response to the conduction of the switch module, so that the power supply voltage signal is transmitted to the load power supply terminal through the power supply harness.

[0042] In one embodiment, an anti-backfeed module is provided on the power harness between the input end of the detection module and the load power supply end, and the anti-backfeed module is used to prevent the current signal of the load power supply end from being backfeeded to the input end of the detection module through the power harness.

[0043] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising: a power supply, a load, and a surge protection device as described in the first aspect, wherein the power supply is used to provide the supply voltage signal.

[0044] The above-mentioned surge protection device and vehicle include a detection module, a switch module, and a protection module. The detection module can detect whether a surge voltage signal appears in the power supply circuit based on a comparison result between a reference voltage signal and a power supply voltage signal, and output a first detection signal when a surge voltage signal is detected in the power supply circuit; the switch module is shut down according to the first detection signal; a first input terminal of the protection module is connected to the power supply voltage signal and connected to the load power supply terminal via a power wiring harness; a second terminal of the protection module is connected to the switch module, and an output terminal of the protection module is connected to the load power supply terminal; thus, the protection module responds to the shutdown of the switch module and controls the connection between the first input terminal of the protection module and the output terminal of the protection module based on the surge voltage signal, thereby allowing the protection module to withstand and discharge the surge, thereby clamping the voltage signal output from the output terminal of the protection module to the load power supply terminal within a safe voltage range, preventing the load from being damaged by the surge voltage signal, thereby achieving safe and reliable surge protection for the power supply circuit; and the surge protection device of the embodiment of the present application is applicable not only to surge protection of high-voltage power supply circuits, but also to surge protection of low-voltage power supply circuits, and is safe, reliable, and easy to implement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the conventional technology, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a second structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a third structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a fourth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a fifth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a sixth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0052] Figure 7 FIG7 is a seventh structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0053] Figure 8 FIG8 is an eighth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a ninth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0055] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of temperature changes of a protection module according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 11 This is a tenth structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment;

[0057] Figure 12 FIG11 is a structural diagram of a surge protection device according to an embodiment.

[0058] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 10-power supply voltage source, 20-anti-backflow module, 30-detection module, 310-voltage dividing unit, 320-comparison unit, R3-first voltage dividing resistor, R4-second voltage dividing resistor, R1-first pull-up resistor, U1-comparator, 40-detection module, 420-clamping unit, 430-current limiting unit, 421-clamping subunit, 422-voltage stabilizing subunit, R5-current limiting resistor, R2-second pull-up resistor, 50-switch module, 60-protection module, U2-three-state gate, 70-processing module, 80-first temperature measurement module, 90-second temperature measurement module, D1-voltage stabilizing diode, J1-transistor, T_max-first preset temperature threshold, T_ref-second preset temperature threshold, Vref-reference voltage signal, Vin-power supply voltage signal, Vcc-preset power supply signal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] To facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings provide embodiments of the present application. However, the present application may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0061] It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor without departing from the scope of this application. The first resistor and the second resistor are both resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0062] It can be understood that the “connection” in the following embodiments should be understood as “electrical connection”, “communication connection”, etc. if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected circuits, modules, units, etc.

[0063] It is understood that “at least one” refers to one or more, “a plurality” refers to two or more, and “at least a portion of an element” refers to a portion or all of an element.

[0064] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include," "comprising," "having," and the like specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , provides a surge protection device, which includes a detection module 30, a protection module 40, and a switch module 50. The detection module 30, the protection module 40, and the switch module 50 are each a hardware circuit. The detection module 30 is composed of components such as a resistor and a comparator, for example. The protection module 40 is composed of components such as a transistor, a diode, and a resistor, for example. The switch module 50 is composed of components such as an electronic switch or a switching tube, a power tube, and a transistor, for example.

[0066] The input end of the detection module 30 is connected to the power supply voltage signal Vin, and the input end of the detection module 30 is also connected to the load power supply end through the power wiring harness. The output end of the detection module 30 is connected to the first end of the switch module 50; the detection module 30 is configured to detect whether a surge voltage signal appears in the power supply circuit based on the comparison result of the reference voltage signal Vref and the power supply voltage signal Vin, for example but not limited to detecting whether a surge voltage signal appears in the power wiring harness in the power supply circuit, and when a surge voltage signal is detected in the power wiring harness, a first detection signal is output to the first end of the switch module 50, and when no surge voltage signal is detected in the power wiring harness, a second detection signal is output to the first end of the switch module 50.

[0067] The switch module 50 is configured to be turned off in response to the first detection signal, thereby allowing the surge voltage signal to be input to the first input terminal of the protection module 40. The switch module 50 can also be configured to be turned on in response to the second detection signal. When there is no surge voltage signal in the power supply circuit, the protection module 40 does not perform surge protection, and the supply voltage signal Vin does not pass through the protection module 40, but directly supplies power to the load power supply terminal through the power wiring harness.

[0068] The voltage magnitude of the reference voltage signal Vref may be related to the voltage magnitude of the power supply voltage signal Vin, and may be calculated using the voltage magnitude of the power supply voltage signal Vin. The power supply voltage signal Vin may be provided by, for example but not limited to, the power battery of an electric vehicle or the low-voltage storage battery of an electric vehicle. The load may be, for example but not limited to, a high-voltage device or a low-voltage device in an electric vehicle that requires power supply, and the load power supply end may be an input terminal or a receiving terminal of the load for drawing power or for receiving power. The power supply wiring harness may be, for example but not limited to, a high-voltage power supply wiring harness or a low-voltage power supply wiring harness. Of course, the power supply voltage signal Vin may also be a power supply voltage signal Vin in other actual application scenarios, and the load may be a corresponding load in other actual application scenarios. As long as circuit surge protection is required, the surge protection device of the embodiment of the present application may be applied. Figure 1 The exemplary supply voltage signal Vin is provided by a supply voltage source 10, and the supply voltage source 10 may be superimposed with a surge excitation source; Figure 1 The figure also exemplarily shows a capacitor device C connected to the load power supply terminal, which serves as a filtering or energy storage capacitor for the power supply voltage signal Vin.

[0069] The first input end of the protection module 40 is connected to the input end of the detection module 30, the second input end of the protection module 40 is connected to the second end of the switch module 50, and the output end of the protection module 40 is connected to the load power supply end; in this way, the protection module 40 is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module 50, and control the connection between the first input end of the protection module 40 and the output end of the protection module 40 based on the surge voltage signal, so that the protection module 40 withstands and discharges the surge, so as to clamp the voltage signal output from the output end of the protection module 40 to the load power supply end within the safe voltage range, thereby avoiding damage to the load due to the surge voltage signal, thereby achieving safe and reliable surge protection for the power supply circuit, wherein the specific size range of the safe voltage range can be obtained based on the specific structure of the protection module 40, and the surge protection device of the embodiment of the present application is not only suitable for surge protection of high-voltage power supply circuits, but also suitable for surge protection of low-voltage power supply circuits, which is safe, reliable and easy to implement.

[0070] In addition, when the switch module 50 is turned on according to the second detection signal, the protection module 40 can also be configured to respond to the conduction of the switch module 50, control the disconnection between the first input end of the protection module 40 and the output end of the protection module 40, and the protection module 40 does not perform surge protection action, so that the power supply voltage signal Vin does not pass through the protection module 40, but is directly transmitted to the load power supply end through the power supply harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the load power supply end, thereby realizing normal power supply to the load.

[0071] For example, the first detection signal and the second detection signal can both be level signals. For example, when the first detection signal is low, the corresponding second detection signal is high; or, when the first detection signal is high, the corresponding second detection signal is low. The following explanation of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application is based on the assumption that the first detection signal is low and the second detection signal is high.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The detection module 30 includes a voltage dividing unit 310 and a comparison unit 320 .

[0073] The input end of the voltage divider unit 310 is connected to the power supply voltage signal Vin, and the input end of the voltage divider unit 310 is connected to the load power supply end through a power wiring harness. The input end of the voltage divider unit 310 is connected to the first input end of the protection module 40, wherein the voltage divider unit 310 is also connected to the reference ground signal; the voltage divider unit 310 is used to output a voltage divider signal from the output end of the voltage divider unit 310 according to the power supply voltage signal Vin or the surge voltage signal.

[0074] The first input end of the comparison unit 320 is connected to the reference voltage end and is used to receive the reference voltage signal Vref; the second input end of the comparison unit 320 is connected to the output end of the voltage divider unit 310; the output end of the comparison unit 320 is connected to the first end of the switch module 50; the comparison unit 320 is configured to compare the voltage-dividing signal output from the output end of the voltage-dividing unit 310 with the reference voltage signal Vref, and output a first detection signal or a second detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50 according to the comparison result, so as to detect the surge voltage signal. For example, when the voltage-dividing signal is greater than the reference voltage signal Vref, the first detection signal is output, indicating that a surge voltage signal exists in the power supply circuit, and when the voltage-dividing signal is less than or equal to the reference voltage signal Vref, the second detection signal is output, indicating that no surge voltage signal exists in the power supply circuit.

[0075] The voltage divider unit 310 may include multiple voltage divider resistors. The comparison unit 320 may include at least one comparator. The voltage of the reference voltage signal Vref is related to the voltage of the supply voltage signal Vin and the resistance of the voltage divider resistors, and can be calculated using the voltage of the supply voltage signal Vin and the resistance of the voltage divider resistors.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The voltage dividing unit 310 includes a first voltage dividing resistor R3 and a second voltage dividing resistor R4, so that the voltage dividing unit 310 has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to implement.

[0077] The first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected to the power supply voltage signal Vin, and the first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected to the load power supply terminal via a power wiring harness. The first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected to the first input terminal of the protection module 40; the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is connected to the second input terminal of the comparison unit 320. The first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected to the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3, and the second end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R4 is connected to the reference ground signal. The connection point between the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 and the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor R4 can serve as the output terminal of the voltage-dividing unit 310 for outputting the divided voltage signal.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 2 The comparison unit 320 includes a comparator U1, so that the comparison unit 320 has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to implement.

[0079] The first input terminal of the comparator U1 is connected to the reference voltage terminal for receiving the reference voltage signal Vref; the second input terminal of the comparator U1 is connected to the output terminal of the voltage divider unit 310, for example, the second input terminal of the comparator U1 is connected to the second terminal of the first voltage divider resistor R3, and the output terminal of the comparator U1 is connected to the first terminal of the switch module 50; illustratively, the first input terminal of the comparator U1 is the positive input terminal, and the second input terminal of the comparator U1 is the negative input terminal, Vref=Vin_max*K*R4' / (R3'+R4'), wherein Vin_max is the maximum voltage value when the power supply voltage signal Vin normally supplies power to the load power supply terminal, R4' is the resistance value of the second voltage divider resistor R4, and R3' is the resistance value of the first voltage divider resistor R3; K is the control coefficient, and the specific value can be an actual application experience value, generally taking a value of 1.1~1.2. K is used to ensure that Vref is not lower than Vin_max and not too large, thereby ensuring detection reliability.

[0080] Continue to refer Figure 2 The comparison unit 320 may further include a first pull-up resistor R1, wherein a first end of the first pull-up resistor R1 is connected to a preset power supply signal Vcc, and a second end of the first pull-up resistor R1 is connected to the output end of the comparator U1. In this way, the reliability of the working performance of the comparator U1 is ensured, and during the power-on initialization phase of the system in which the surge protection device is located, the output of the comparator U1 can be set to a high level by default, that is, the second detection signal by default, through the first pull-up resistor R1.

[0081] Exemplarily, when the comparator U1 compares that the voltage-dividing signal at the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is less than or equal to the reference voltage signal Vref, the comparator U1 outputs a second detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50. The second detection signal is, for example, a high level, indicating that no surge voltage signal is detected. When the comparator U1 compares that the voltage-dividing signal at the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor R3 is greater than the reference voltage signal Vref, the comparator U1 outputs a first detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50. The first detection signal is, for example, a low level, indicating that a surge voltage signal is detected.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 3 The switch module 50 includes a controllable switch, so that the switch module 50 has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to implement.

[0083] The control terminal of the controllable switch is connected to the output terminal of the detection module 30, the first terminal of the controllable switch is connected to the reference ground signal, and the second terminal of the controllable switch is connected to the second input terminal of the protection module 40. The controllable switch is configured to shut down according to the first detection signal. Specifically, shutting down the controllable switch can be achieved by disconnecting or blocking the first terminal of the controllable switch from the second terminal of the controllable switch, and turning on the controllable switch can be achieved by connecting or conducting the first terminal of the controllable switch from the second terminal of the controllable switch.

[0084] Optionally, the controllable switch can also be configured to be turned on according to the second detection signal; the protection module 40 can also be configured to respond to the turning on of the controllable switch, control the disconnection between the first input end of the protection module 40 and the output end of the protection module 40, and the protection module 40 does not perform surge protection action, so that the power supply voltage signal Vin does not pass through the protection module 40, but is directly transmitted to the load power supply end through the power supply harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the load power supply end, thereby realizing normal power supply to the load.

[0085] Among them, since the first end of the controllable switch is connected to the reference ground signal, when the controllable switch is turned on, the potential of the second end of the controllable switch also becomes the reference ground signal, so that the second input end of the protection module 40 connected to the second end of the controllable switch also receives the reference ground signal. The protection module 40 can control the disconnection between the first input end of the protection module 40 and the output end of the protection module 40 according to the received reference ground signal.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 4 , the protection module 40 includes a clamping unit 420 and a current limiting unit 430 .

[0087] A first end of the current limiting unit 430 is connected to the input end of the detection module 30, and a second end of the current limiting unit 430 is connected to the second end of the switch module 50. A first end of the clamping unit 420 is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit 430, a control end of the clamping unit 420 is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit 430, and a second end of the clamping unit 420 is connected to the load power supply end. The clamping unit 420 is also connected to a reference ground signal.

[0088] The current limiting unit 430 functions to limit current to prevent high current from damaging the clamping unit 420. The current limiting unit 430 may include at least one resistor. It is understood that when the surge voltage signal passes through the current limiting unit 430, the signal at the second end of the current limiting unit 430 is a current-limiting voltage signal.

[0089] The clamping unit 420 is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module 50, and control the communication between the first end of the clamping unit 420 and the second end of the clamping unit 420 based on the current limiting voltage signal of the second end of the current limiting unit 430, so that the clamping unit 420 can withstand and discharge the surge, so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through the second end of the clamping unit 420 within a safe voltage range, thereby preventing the load from being damaged by the surge voltage signal, thereby achieving safe and reliable surge protection for the power supply circuit.

[0090] Optionally, the clamping unit 420 can also be configured to respond to the conduction of the switch module 50, control the disconnection between the first end of the clamping unit 420 and the second end of the clamping unit 420, and the clamping unit 420 does not perform surge protection action, so that the power supply voltage signal Vin is normally transmitted to the load power supply end through the power supply harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the load power supply end, thereby realizing normal power supply to the load.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 5 The clamping unit 420 includes a clamping subunit 421 and a voltage stabilizing subunit 422. The first end of the clamping subunit 421 is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit 430, the control end of the clamping subunit 421 is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit 430, and the second end of the clamping subunit 421 is connected to the load power supply end. The first end of the voltage stabilizing subunit 422 is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit 430, and the second end of the voltage stabilizing subunit 422 is connected to the reference ground signal.

[0092] The clamping sub-unit 421 is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module 50, and based on the current limiting voltage signal of the second end of the current limiting unit 430, control the communication between the first end of the clamping sub-unit 421 and the second end of the clamping sub-unit 421, so that the clamping sub-unit 421 can withstand and discharge the surge, so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through the second end of the clamping sub-unit 421 within a safe voltage range, thereby preventing the load from being damaged by the surge voltage signal, thereby achieving safe and reliable surge protection for the power supply circuit.

[0093] In which, during the period when the clamping subunit 421 withstands and discharges the surge, the voltage stabilizing subunit 422 is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module 50, and stabilize the voltage of the control end of the clamping subunit 421 based on the current limiting voltage signal of the second end of the current limiting unit 430. For example, a fixed voltage signal can be provided to the control end of the clamping subunit 421 to stabilize the potential of the control end of the clamping subunit 421. The specific voltage size of the fixed voltage signal can be obtained based on the specific structure of the voltage stabilizing subunit 422.

[0094] Optionally, the clamping sub-unit 421 can also be configured to respond to the conduction of the switch module 50, control the disconnection between the first end of the clamping sub-unit 421 and the second end of the clamping sub-unit 421, and the clamping sub-unit 421 does not perform surge protection action, so that the power supply voltage signal Vin is normally transmitted to the load power supply end through the power supply harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the load power supply end, thereby realizing normal power supply to the load.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 6 The clamping subunit 421 includes a transistor J1, and the voltage stabilizing subunit 422 includes a diode D1. The first end of transistor J1 is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit 430, the control end of transistor J1 is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit 430, and the second end of transistor J1 is connected to the load power supply terminal. The first end of diode D1 is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit 430, and the second end of diode D1 is connected to the reference ground signal.

[0096] The transistor J1 can be an NPN transistor or an NPN transistor, without limitation. The following explanation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application assumes that the transistor J1 is an NPN transistor. The diode D1 is, for example, but not limited to, a voltage regulator diode.

[0097] Exemplarily, the first end of the transistor J1 is the collector (C pole) of the transistor J1, the second end of the transistor J1 is the emitter (E pole) of the transistor J1, and the control end of the transistor J1 is the base (B pole) of the transistor J1; the first end of the diode D1 is the cathode of the diode D1, and the second end of the diode D1 is the anode of the diode D1.

[0098] In this embodiment of the present application, the clamping unit 420 includes a transistor J1 and a Zener diode D1, resulting in a simple structure, low cost, and easy implementation. The conduction condition for transistor J1 is V(B)-V(E) ≥ 0.7 volts. Zener diode D1 stabilizes the voltage at the base (B) of transistor J1 at Vz based on the current-limiting voltage signal. This means that Zener diode D1 stabilizes the voltage Vz, clamping the voltage at the emitter (E) of transistor J1 at Vz-0.7. This effectively clamps the voltage signal output from the second terminal of the clamping sub-unit 421 to the load power supply terminal within a safe voltage range. During this period, the voltage drop caused by the surge is borne by the collector (C) and emitter (E) of transistor J1. Transistor J1 withstands the surge and converts it into heat energy for release, thereby achieving surge protection.

[0099] That is, in response to the shutdown of the switch module 50, the transistor J1 controls the conduction between the collector (C pole) of the transistor J1 and the emitter (E pole) of the transistor J1 based on the current limiting voltage signal at the second end of the current limiting unit 430, so that the transistor J1 withstands and discharges the surge, so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through the emitter (E pole) of the transistor J1 within a safe voltage range, thereby preventing the load from being damaged by the surge voltage signal, thereby achieving safe and reliable surge protection for the power supply circuit.

[0100] When the switch module 50 is turned off, the surge voltage signal is input to the first terminal of the current limiting unit 430. Based on the surge voltage signal, the current limiting unit 430 outputs a current-limiting voltage signal at its second terminal. Zener diode D1 stabilizes the voltage at the base (B) of transistor J1 at Vz according to the current-limiting voltage signal, turning on transistor J1. While transistor J1 withstands and discharges the surge voltage drop, Zener diode D1 responds to the turning off of the switch module 50 by stabilizing the voltage at the base (B) of transistor J1 to Vz based on the current-limiting voltage signal at the second terminal of the current limiting unit 430.

[0101] Optionally, the transistor J1 can also respond to the conduction of the switch module 50 to control the disconnection between the collector (C pole) of the transistor J1 and the emitter (E pole) of the transistor J1, and the transistor J1 does not perform surge protection action, so that the power supply voltage signal Vin is normally transmitted to the load power supply end through the power supply harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the load power supply end, thereby realizing normal power supply to the load.

[0102] Among them, the switch module 50 is turned on, so that the reference ground signal is transmitted to the second end of the current limiting unit 430, that is, the potential of the second end of the current limiting unit 430 becomes the reference ground signal. At this time, the potential of the base (B pole) of the transistor J1 also becomes the reference ground signal, so that the transistor J1 is cut off and does not perform surge protection action.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 6 The current limiting unit 430 includes a current limiting resistor R5, a first end of the current limiting resistor R5 serves as a first end of the current limiting unit 430, and a second end of the current limiting resistor R5 serves as a second end of the current limiting unit 430, so that the structure of the current limiting unit 430 is simple.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 7 The surge protection device further includes a protection module 60 and a processing module 70. A first terminal of the switch module 50 is connected to an output terminal of the detection module 30 via the protection module 60. The processing module 70 is connected to an enable terminal of the protection module 60; the processing module 70 is configured to send an enable signal or a disable signal to the protection module 60.

[0105] The protection module 60 is configured to be enabled according to the enable signal to transmit the signal outputted from the output end of the detection module 30 to the first end of the switch module 50 , wherein the signal outputted from the output end of the detection module 30 includes the first detection signal or the second detection signal.

[0106] The protection module 60 is also configured to be disabled according to the disabling signal to prevent the signal output from the output end of the detection module 30 from being transmitted to the first end of the switch module 50, and to provide a conduction voltage signal to the first end of the switch module 50 so that the switch module 50 is turned on according to the conduction voltage signal.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the protection module 60 can be enabled or disabled by the processing module 70, and the first end of the switch module 50 is connected to the output end of the detection module 30 through the protection module 60. Therefore, when the protection module 60 is disabled, the protection module 60 can prevent the first detection signal and the second detection signal from being transmitted to the first end of the switch module 50, and at the same time provide a conduction voltage signal to the first end of the switch module 50 so that the switch module 50 is turned on according to the conduction voltage signal. In this way, in addition to being turned on according to the second detection signal, the switch module 50 can also be turned on according to the disablement of the protection module 60, so that the protection module 40 stops surge protection. In some application scenarios that do not require surge protection or require immediate cessation of surge protection, this can be achieved by disabling the protection module 60. In terms of technical conception, a kind of protection of the surge protection device itself is achieved, and the use of the surge protection device is also more flexible.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 8 The protection module 60 includes a three-state gate U2 and a pull-up subunit. The input end of the three-state gate U2 is connected to the output end of the detection module 30, the output end of the three-state gate U2 is connected to the first end of the switch module 50, and the enable end of the three-state gate U2 is connected to the processing module 70. The three-state gate U2 is used to enable according to the enable signal to transmit the first detection signal or the second detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50; the three-state gate U2 is also used to disable according to the disable signal to prevent the first detection signal and the second detection signal from being transmitted to the first end of the switch module 50. The output end of the pull-up subunit is connected to the output end of the three-state gate U2, and the input end of the pull-up subunit is connected to a preset power supply signal Vcc. The pull-up subunit is used to provide a conduction voltage signal to the first end of the switch module 50.

[0109] Exemplary, reference Figure 8 The pull-up subunit includes a second pull-up resistor R2, a first end of the second pull-up resistor R2 is connected to the output end of the tri-state gate U2, and a second end of the second pull-up resistor R2 is connected to the preset power signal Vcc.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, in combination Figure 9 and Figure 10 The surge protection device further includes a first temperature measuring module 80 , which is connected to the processing module 70 .

[0111] The first temperature measurement module 80 can be provided near the protection module 40, specifically, near the transistor J1, to detect the temperature of the protection module 40 and output a first temperature measurement signal to the processing module 70. The processing module 70 is further configured to send a disable signal to the protection module 60 to disable the protection module 60 when it determines that the first temperature measurement signal exceeds a first preset temperature threshold T_max. The processing module 70 is further configured to send an enable signal to the protection module 60 to enable the protection module 60 when it determines that the first temperature measurement signal drops from exceeding the first preset temperature threshold T_max to less than or equal to a second preset temperature threshold T_ref, where the second preset temperature threshold T_ref is less than the first preset temperature threshold T_max.

[0112] The second preset temperature threshold T_ref can be the current ambient temperature of the environment in which the surge protection device is located. Since it is the transistor J1 that resists surges and converts the surges into heat energy for release, the temperature of the transistor J1 needs to be detected to prevent overheating and damage to the transistor J1. When it is detected that the first temperature measurement signal of the transistor J1 exceeds the first preset temperature threshold T_max, the switch module 50 is turned on by disabling the protection module 60, so that the transistor J1 stops surge protection and implements overheat protection for the transistor J1. When the first temperature measurement signal of the transistor J1 recovers from exceeding the first preset temperature threshold T_max to less than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold T_ref, the protection module 60 is re-enabled to resume surge detection and surge protection. The on / off state of the switch module 50 is further determined based on the output of the output terminal of the detection module 30.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 11 The surge protection device further includes a second temperature measurement module 90 , which is connected to the processing module 70 .

[0114] The second temperature measurement module 90 is configured to detect the temperature of at least one of the protection module 60, the switch module 50, the current limiting unit 430, and the detection module 30, and output a second temperature measurement signal to the processing module 70. The processing module 70 is further configured to send a disabling signal to the protection module 60 to disable the protection module 60 when the second temperature measurement signal is greater than or equal to a third preset temperature threshold.

[0115] When the second temperature measurement signal is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature threshold, it indicates that the entire surge protection device is overheated and the protection module 60 needs to be disabled to stop the transistor J1 from performing surge protection, thereby achieving overheat protection for the surge protection device.

[0116] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, a first temperature measurement module 80, a second temperature measurement module 90, and a processing module 70 are provided to monitor the temperature of the clamping unit 420 and the temperature of the entire surge protection device to provide overheat protection for the clamping unit 420 and the entire surge protection device, and to make the surge protection scheme more flexible. In actual applications, the specific strategy for disabling or enabling the protection module 60 based on the first temperature measurement signal and the second temperature measurement signal can be adjusted according to actual application requirements. In other words, the specific strategy for disabling or enabling the protection module 60 based on the first temperature measurement signal and the second temperature measurement signal can be configured according to actual needs in actual applications, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 12 The surge protection device further includes a processing module 70. The processing module 70 is connected to the output terminal of the detection module 30. The processing module 70 is configured to count the number of first detection signals and, upon determining that the number of first detection signals exceeds a preset threshold within a preset time period, send a disable signal to the protection module 60 and output a circuit abnormality signal.

[0118] Among them, each time the detection module 30 outputs a first detection signal, it represents each time a surge voltage signal occurs. When the number of first detection signals within the preset time period exceeds the preset number threshold, it means that the number of surges occurring within the preset time period has exceeded the upper limit. At this time, the processing module 70 can directly output a loop abnormality signal at the same time as the disabling protection module 60 to realize loop abnormality reporting.

[0119] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the processing module 70 is provided to monitor the number of the first detection signals to protect the surge protection device and make the surge protection scheme more flexible. In actual applications, the specific strategy for disabling or enabling the protection module 60 based on the number of the first detection signals can be adjusted according to actual application requirements. In other words, the specific strategy for disabling or enabling the protection module 60 based on the number of the first detection signals can be configured according to actual needs in actual applications, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment, referring to Figure 12 An anti-backflow module 20 is provided on the power harness between the input end of the detection module 30 and the power supply end of the load. The anti-backflow module 20 is used to prevent the current signal of the power supply end of the load from being backflowed to the input end of the detection module 30 through the power harness.

[0121] Exemplarily, the anti-backfeed module 20 includes an anti-backfeed diode. The input of the detection module 30 is connected to the anode of the anti-backfeed diode via a power wiring harness, and the cathode of the anti-backfeed diode is connected to the power supply terminal of the load via a power wiring harness. The anti-backfeed module 20 also helps prevent the branch where the protection module 40 is located from being bypassed during a surge by utilizing its own voltage drop.

[0122] Reference below Figure 12 , further exemplary supplementary explanation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application:

[0123] The processing module 70 disables the three-state gate U2: the three-state gate U2 has no output. Due to the action of the second pull-up resistor R2, the switch module 50 is turned on, so that the reference ground signal is transmitted to the base of the transistor J1, and the transistor J1 is turned off. Surge protection is not performed, and the power supply voltage signal Vin is normally supplied to the load through the anti-backfeed module 20.

[0124] The processing module 70 enables the tri-state gate U2: the output of the tri-state gate U2 follows the input of the tri-state gate U2; if the comparator U1 outputs the second detection signal (for example, a high-level signal), it indicates that the detection module 30 has not detected the surge voltage signal, and the tri-state gate U2 transmits the second detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50. The switch module 50 is turned on according to the second detection signal, so that the reference ground signal is transmitted to the base of the transistor J1, and the transistor J1 is turned off. Surge protection is not performed, and the supply voltage signal Vin is normally supplied to the load through the anti-backfeed module 20. If the comparator U1 outputs a first detection signal (for example, a low-level signal), it indicates that the detection module 30 has detected a surge voltage signal. The tri-state gate U2 transmits the first detection signal to the first end of the switch module 50. The switch module 50 is turned off according to the first detection signal, so that the surge voltage signal flows into the voltage-regulating diode D1 through the current-limiting resistor R5, providing a bias current for the voltage-regulating diode D1, and at the same time flows to the base of the transistor J1. At this point, the transistor J1 is normally turned on for surge protection. The surge flows from the collector of the transistor J1 to the emitter of the transistor J1, and the voltage-regulating diode D1 stabilizes the voltage of the base of the transistor J1 at Vz, that is, the voltage-regulating diode D1 stabilizes the voltage Vz, and then the voltage of the emitter of the transistor J1 is clamped at Vz-0.7, reaching The voltage signal output to the power supply end of the load through the clamping unit 420 is clamped within a safe voltage range. During this period, the collector and emitter of the transistor J1 withstand the surge voltage drop, and the transistor J1 withstands the surge and converts the surge into heat energy for release, thereby achieving surge protection. In addition, during the surge protection period, if the transistor J1 is reverse biased, the voltage of the emitter of the transistor J1 will drop. After dropping to Vz-0.7, the transistor J1 can be forward biased again, and the surge can flow from the collector of the transistor J1 to the emitter of the transistor J1. Finally, the voltage of the emitter of the transistor J1 is still clamped at Vz-0.7, thereby achieving the clamping of the voltage signal at the power supply end of the load, and the transistor J1 withstands the surge and converts the surge into heat energy for release, thereby achieving surge protection.

[0125] Since it is the transistor J1 that withstands the surge and converts the surge into heat energy for release, it is necessary to detect the temperature of the transistor J1 to prevent overheating and damage to the transistor J1. Therefore, when the first temperature measurement module 80 detects that the first temperature measurement signal of the transistor J1 exceeds the first preset temperature threshold T_max, the processing module 70 turns on the switch module 50 by disabling the protection module 60, so that the transistor J1 stops surge protection and implements overheat protection for the transistor J1. When the first temperature measurement signal of the transistor J1 recovers from exceeding the first preset temperature threshold T_max to less than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold T_ref, the processing module 70 re-enables the protection module 60, and the conduction or shutdown of the switch module 50 continues to be determined based on the output of the output end of the detection module 30.

[0126] The processing module 70 counts the number of the first detection signals, and when it is determined that the number of the first detection signals exceeds a preset threshold within a preset time period, it outputs a loop abnormality signal, reports it to the entire vehicle, and requests vehicle VCU policy protection.

[0127] When the second temperature measurement signal detected by the second temperature measurement module 90 is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature threshold, it indicates that the entire surge protection device is overheated, and the processing module 70 needs to disable the protection module 60, so that the transistor J1 stops surge protection and realizes overheat protection of the surge protection device.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes a power supply, a load and a surge protection device as provided in any of the above embodiments, wherein the power supply is used to provide a power supply voltage signal Vin, the load includes a high-voltage device or a low-voltage device that requires power supply, and the power supply includes a power battery or a low-voltage battery.

[0129] In addition, when the load is a load inside a controller in a vehicle, if the controller also includes a processor, the processing module 70 in the surge protection device can be integrated with the processor inside the controller, or the processor inside the controller can be directly reused as the processing module 70 to reduce costs and reduce size.

[0130] The vehicle and surge protection device provided in the embodiments of the present application both belong to the same inventive concept, can solve the same technical problems, and thus achieve the same technical effects, and the repeated contents will not be repeated here.

[0131] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "some embodiments" or "other embodiments" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0132] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0133] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A surge protection device, characterized in that: include: a detection module, wherein an input end of the detection module is used to receive a power supply voltage signal and is connected to a load power supply end through a power supply harness, and is configured to output a first detection signal when a surge voltage signal is detected in the power supply harness based on a comparison result between a reference voltage signal and the power supply voltage signal; a switch module, a first end of the switch module being connected to the output end of the detection module and being configured to be turned off according to the first detection signal; A protection module, wherein a first input end of the protection module is connected to the input end of the detection module, a second input end of the protection module is connected to the second end of the switch module, and an output end of the protection module is connected to the load power supply end. The protection module is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module and control the connection between its own first input end and output end based on the surge voltage signal to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its own output end within a safe voltage range.

2. The surge protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module includes: A voltage divider unit, wherein the input end of the voltage divider unit is used to receive the power supply voltage signal and is connected to the load power supply end through the power harness, and the input end of the voltage divider unit is connected to the first input end of the protection module; A comparison unit, wherein the first input end of the comparison unit is connected to the reference voltage end, the second input end of the comparison unit is connected to the output end of the voltage divider unit, and the output end of the comparison unit is connected to the first end of the switch module; wherein the comparison unit is configured to compare the voltage-dividing signal output from the output end of the voltage-dividing unit with the reference voltage signal of the reference voltage end, and output the first detection signal when the voltage-dividing signal is greater than the reference voltage signal.

3. The surge protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module includes: A controllable switch, wherein a control end of the controllable switch is connected to the output end of the detection module, a first end of the controllable switch is connected to a reference ground signal, a second end of the controllable switch is connected to the second input end of the protection module, and the controllable switch is configured to be turned off according to the first detection signal.

4. The surge protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection module includes: a current limiting unit, wherein a first end of the current limiting unit is connected to the input end of the detection module, and a second end of the current limiting unit is connected to the second end of the switch module; A clamping unit, wherein the first end of the clamping unit is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, the control end of the clamping unit is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the clamping unit is connected to the load power supply end; wherein the clamping unit is configured to respond to the shutdown of the switch module and, based on the current limiting voltage signal at the second end of the current limiting unit, control the connection between its own first end and second end so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its own second end within the safe voltage range.

5. The surge protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping unit comprises: a clamping subunit, wherein a first end of the clamping subunit is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, a control end of the clamping subunit is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and a second end of the clamping subunit is connected to the load power supply end; a voltage stabilizing subunit, wherein a first end of the voltage stabilizing subunit is connected to a second end of the current limiting unit, and a second end of the voltage stabilizing subunit is connected to a reference ground signal; The clamping subunit is configured to, in response to the shutdown of the switch module, control the communication between its first and second ends based on the current limiting voltage signal at the second end of the current limiting unit, so as to clamp the voltage signal output to the load power supply end through its second end within the safe voltage range; The voltage stabilizing subunit is configured to, in response to the switching module being turned off, stabilize the voltage of the control terminal of the clamping subunit based on the current limiting voltage signal of the second terminal of the current limiting unit.

6. The surge protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping subunit includes a triode, and the voltage stabilizing subunit includes a diode; The first end of the transistor is connected to the first end of the current limiting unit, the control end of the transistor is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the transistor is connected to the load power supply end; The first end of the diode is connected to the second end of the current limiting unit, and the second end of the diode is connected to the reference ground signal.

7. The surge protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: a protection module, wherein the first end of the switch module is connected to the output end of the detection module through the protection module; a processing module, the processing module being connected to the enable terminal of the protection module and configured to send an enable signal or a disable signal to the protection module; Wherein, the protection module is configured to be enabled according to the enable signal to transmit the signal outputted from the output terminal of the detection module to the first terminal of the switch module; The protection module is also configured to be disabled according to the disabling signal to prevent the signal output from the output end of the detection module from being transmitted to the first end of the switch module, and to provide a conduction voltage signal to the first end of the switch module so that the switch module is turned on according to the conduction voltage signal.

8. The surge protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protection module includes: a three-state gate, wherein an input end of the three-state gate is connected to an output end of the detection module, an output end of the three-state gate is connected to a first end of the switch module, and an enable end of the three-state gate is connected to the processing module; A pull-up subunit, wherein the output end of the pull-up subunit is connected to the output end of the tri-state gate, and the input end of the pull-up subunit is connected to a preset power signal.

9. The surge protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: a first temperature measurement module, wherein the first temperature measurement module is connected to the processing module; The first temperature measurement module is configured to detect the temperature of the protection module and output a first temperature measurement signal to the processing module; The processing module is also configured to send the disabling signal to the protection module when it is determined that the first temperature measurement signal exceeds a first preset temperature threshold, and is also configured to send an enabling signal to the protection module when the first temperature measurement signal drops from exceeding the first preset temperature threshold to less than or equal to a second preset temperature threshold; wherein the second preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold.

10. The surge protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The processing module is connected to the output end of the detection module; The processing module is further configured to count the number of the first detection signals, and send the disabling signal to the protection module when it is determined that the number of the first detection signals exceeds a preset number threshold within a preset time period.

11. The surge protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The detection module is further configured to output a second detection signal when detecting that the surge voltage signal does not exist in the power harness based on a comparison result between the reference voltage signal and the power supply voltage signal; The switch module is further configured to be turned on according to the second detection signal; The protection module is further configured to control the disconnection between its first input terminal and output terminal in response to the conduction of the switch module, so that the power supply voltage signal is transmitted to the load power supply terminal through the power supply harness.

12. The surge protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: An anti-backflow module is provided on the power harness between the input end of the detection module and the load power supply end, and the anti-backflow module is used to prevent the current signal of the load power supply end from being backflowed to the input end of the detection module through the power harness.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes a power supply, a load, and a surge protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the power supply is used to provide the supply voltage signal.

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