Microwave energy supply system based on anti-resonance hollow-core optical fiber

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave energy supply system based on an anti-resonance hollow-core optical fiber. The system comprises a microwave source, a microwave transmission assembly and a microwave energy conversion assembly. The microwave transmission assembly comprises at least one anti-resonance hollow-core optical fiber. The first end of the microwave transmission assembly is in butt joint with the microwave source, and the second end is in butt joint with the microwave energy conversion assembly. The microwave source converts electric energy into microwaves and outputs the microwaves to the microwave transmission assembly; the microwave transmission assembly transmits microwaves from the microwave source; and the microwave energy conversion assembly converts the received microwaves into energy in other forms. The system effectively reduces the energy transmission cost. Due to the transmission characteristic of the anti-resonance hollow-core optical fiber, the microwave transmission loss can be reduced to no more than 2.57% per thousand kilometers, and the energy consumption capability can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of energy conversion and transmission technology, and in particular to a microwave energy supply system based on anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber. Background Art

[0002] Traditional power transmission relies primarily on cables, particularly copper cables. However, the scarcity and high cost of copper resources make this energy transmission method challenging. Furthermore, traditional energy development and utilization methods, such as the use of fossil fuels, not only easily lead to resource waste but also can cause serious environmental pollution. Currently, some countries or regions possess large amounts of underutilized waste energy, such as solar and wind energy. However, due to the limited capacity of energy production sites to absorb these energies and the high cost of long-distance energy transmission, the vast majority of energy that cannot be absorbed or transmitted over long distances is ultimately wasted, which is a great pity. Saving energy transmission costs and improving energy absorption capacity have become urgent technical challenges in the field of energy conversion and transmission technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above problems, the present application provides a microwave power supply system based on anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber, the purpose of which is to save energy transmission costs and improve energy absorption capacity.

[0004] The embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions: The present application provides a microwave energy supply system based on an antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, the system comprising: A microwave source, a microwave transmission component, and a microwave energy conversion component; the microwave transmission component includes at least one anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber; The first end of the microwave transmission component is connected to the output end of the microwave source, and the second end of the microwave transmission component is connected to the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; The microwave source is used to convert electrical energy into microwaves and then output them to the microwave transmission component; The microwave transmission component is used to transmit microwaves from the microwave source; The microwave energy conversion component is used to convert the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into other forms of energy.

[0005] In an optional implementation, the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber includes an optical fiber outer cladding and a hollow core; multiple groups of capillaries are distributed on the inner circumference of the cladding; the wall thickness of the capillary is designed based on the antiresonance window of the microwave in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, the refractive index of the wall of the capillary and the refractive index in the hollow core.

[0006] In an optional implementation, each group of capillaries is a nested capillary structure, which includes a first capillary and a second capillary nested in the first capillary; the wall thickness of the first capillary is a first thickness, and the wall thickness of the second capillary is a second thickness.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the first thickness and the second thickness are not equal; The first thickness is designed based on an antiresonance window of microwaves in a first transmission band in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, a refractive index of a wall of the first capillary tube, and a refractive index in the hollow core; The second thickness is designed based on an antiresonance window of microwaves in a second transmission band in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, a refractive index of a wall of the second capillary tube, and a refractive index in the hollow core.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the first thickness and the second thickness are equal.

[0009] In an optional implementation, each group of capillaries is coated with a coating; the coating is used to additionally provide a reflective interface to enhance the antiresonance effect of the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the coating is a metal layer or a dielectric coating.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the material of the metal layer includes gold, silver or silver iodide.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the material of the dielectric coating includes multi-layer oxides or multi-layer fluorides.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the microwave transmission component includes a plurality of antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers, and a reflection component arranged between each two adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers; the reflection component is used to reflect the microwaves output by an adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber to another adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber.

[0014] In an optional implementation, the reflective assembly includes: a first collimator, a reflector, and a second collimator; The first collimator is used to collimate the microwave output from an anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber adjacent to the reflective component and transmit it to the reflector; The reflector is used to reflect the received microwaves to the second collimator; The second collimator is used to collimate the microwaves reflected by the reflector and transmit them to another anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber adjacent to the reflective component.

[0015] In an optional implementation, the microwave energy conversion assembly includes: a thermal energy conversion device; The heat energy conversion device is used to convert the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into heat energy.

[0016] In an optional implementation, the thermal energy conversion device includes: a boiler; the microwave energy conversion assembly further includes a turbine, a condenser and a generator; The liquid in the boiler absorbs energy of the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component and is converted into steam; The turbine is used to further drive the generator to generate electricity under the drive of the steam; The condenser is used to cool the remaining steam after driving the turbine, and to send the cooled and restored liquid back into the boiler for recycling.

[0017] In an optional implementation, the liquid is water or a liquid organic substance having a boiling point lower than that of water.

[0018] In an optional implementation, the microwave energy conversion component includes a rectenna; the rectenna includes a receiving antenna and a rectifier circuit; the receiving antenna is electrically connected to the rectifier circuit; The receiving antenna is used to receive microwaves from the microwave transmission component and transmit the received microwaves to the connected rectifier circuit; The rectifier circuit is used to convert the microwaves transmitted by the receiving antenna into electrical energy.

[0019] In an optional implementation, the receiving antenna is an antenna array, which includes multiple sub-antenna units; the rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifier modules; the multiple sub-antenna units correspond one-to-one to the multiple rectifier modules; and the multiple rectifier modules are connected in parallel.

[0020] In an optional implementation, the receiving antenna is a circularly polarized helical antenna array.

[0021] In an optional implementation, the receiving antenna is a slot antenna or a Vivaldi-type broadband antenna.

[0022] In an optional implementation, the rectifier circuit is a bridge rectifier circuit, a multi-unit parallel single Schottky rectifier circuit, or a rectifier circuit with optimized matching network.

[0023] In an optional implementation, the microwave energy supply system based on the antiresonant hollow core optical fiber further includes: a frequency modulation module and a transmitting antenna; The frequency modulation module includes a microwave receiving unit, a frequency control unit and a power amplifier. The end of the frequency modulation module is also provided with a radio frequency output port; the radio frequency output port is connected to the transmitting antenna; The microwave receiving unit is used to receive the microwave output from the second end of the microwave transmission component; The frequency control unit is used to perform frequency conversion on the microwaves received by the microwave receiving unit; The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the microwaves subjected to frequency conversion by the frequency control unit; The transmitting antenna is used to transmit the microwaves after power amplification output by the radio frequency output port into free space.

[0024] In an optional implementation, the microwave energy supply system based on the antiresonant hollow core fiber further includes: a modulator, the modulator being arranged between the second end of the microwave transmission component and the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; The modulator is used to adjust the wavelength range of the microwaves output from the second end of the microwave transmission component and transmit the microwaves with the adjusted wavelengths to the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; the microwaves output from the output end of the modulator are more easily absorbed by water than the microwaves input to the input end of the modulator; The modulator is a microwave frequency modulator.

[0025] In an optional implementation, the microwave frequency modulator is one of the following: a radio frequency mixer, a microwave photon frequency converter, or a frequency multiplier.

[0026] In an optional implementation, the microwave source is connected to a power generation system via a cable; the power generation system is any one of the following: Wind power generation system, nuclear power generation system, solar thermal power system, photovoltaic power generation system, thermal power generation system, tidal power generation system or hydropower generation system.

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, this application has the following beneficial effects: The microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber proposed in this application comprises: a microwave source, a microwave transmission component, and a microwave energy conversion component. The microwave transmission component includes at least one antiresonant hollow-core fiber. The first end of the microwave transmission component interfaces with the output end of the microwave source, and the second end of the microwave transmission component interfaces with the input end of the microwave energy conversion component. The microwave source converts electrical energy into microwaves and outputs them to the microwave transmission component; the microwave transmission component transmits the microwaves from the microwave source; and the microwave energy conversion component converts the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into other forms of energy. In this system, the microwave source converts electrical energy into microwaves, the microwave transmission component, including the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, handles the microwave transmission, and finally the microwave energy conversion component converts the microwaves into other forms of energy. Optical fiber offers the advantages of low cost and abundant resources compared to traditional cables, making it easy to deploy on a large scale and effectively reducing energy transmission costs. In particular, replacing cables with antiresonant hollow-core fiber can reduce the construction cost of ultra-high voltage technology, which typically exceeds tens of millions of RMB per kilometer, to approximately 100,000 RMB. Furthermore, the transmission characteristics of antiresonant hollow-core fiber can reduce microwave transmission loss to no more than 2.57% per thousand kilometers (better than UHV transmission loss). This reduction in energy transmission loss also helps improve energy absorption capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a microwave energy supply system based on an antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber in a microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber in another microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective assembly in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 For use Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave transmission component of the reflection component is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] As previously mentioned, reducing energy transmission costs and improving energy consumption capacity have become pressing technical challenges in the field of energy conversion and transmission. Traditional energy transmission methods that rely on cables present high deployment costs. Some energy production sites, such as solar and wind power, cannot fully consume the energy they produce locally. Cost constraints hinder the widespread transmission of this energy to the outside world. Furthermore, cable-based energy transmission relies on ultra-high voltage (UHV) technology, which carries significant costs, hindering efficient energy conversion.

[0031] After research, the inventors have proposed a microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber. This system primarily comprises a microwave source, a microwave transmission component, and a microwave energy conversion component. The microwave source converts electrical energy into microwaves, while the microwave transmission component, which includes the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, handles the transmission of the microwaves. Finally, the microwave energy conversion component converts the microwaves into other forms of energy. This system, which uses the antiresonant hollow-core fiber as the microwave transmission medium, significantly reduces costs and transmission losses. This approach addresses the aforementioned challenges.

[0032] In order to help those skilled in the art better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] See also Figure 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave energy supply system based on anti-resonant hollow core fiber provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow core fiber mainly includes: A microwave source 100, a microwave transmission component 200, and a microwave energy conversion component 300 are provided. The microwave transmission component 200 includes at least one antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber. A first end of the microwave transmission component 200 interfaces with the output end of the microwave source 100, while a second end of the microwave transmission component 200 interfaces with the input end of the microwave energy conversion component 300. Figure 1 The arrows in the middle show the transmission direction of microwaves in the system.

[0034] In such Figure 1In the entire antiresonant hollow-core fiber-based microwave power supply system shown, the microwave source 100 and the microwave energy conversion assembly 300 are each connected to the outside world. The microwave source 100 is responsible for receiving external electrical energy, converting the received electrical energy into microwaves, and then outputting them to the microwave transmission assembly 200, which then completes the subsequent transmission of the microwaves. Based on its connection with the microwave source 100, the microwave transmission assembly 200 can receive microwaves from the microwave source 100 and transmit the microwaves from one end to the other within the assembly itself. The microwave energy conversion assembly 300, based on its connection with the microwave transmission assembly 200, can receive microwaves transmitted from the microwave transmission assembly 200 and convert the received microwaves into other forms of energy.

[0035] In practical applications, the microwave source 100 can be connected to a power generation system outside the system via a cable. The power generation system can be any one of a wind power generation system, a nuclear power generation system, a solar thermal power system, a photovoltaic power generation system, a thermal power generation system, a tidal power generation system, or a hydropower generation system. The power generation system converts a specific type of energy into electrical energy, and then transmits the electrical energy to the microwave source 100. Thus, the microwave source 100 can obtain electrical energy and then convert the electrical energy into microwaves that need to be transmitted within the system. In this way, for wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, light energy, combustion heat energy, tidal energy, hydropower, etc. at the energy production site, if they can be converted into electrical energy by the power generation system and then connected to the microwave power supply system based on anti-resonant hollow core fiber described in the embodiments of the present application, they can be transmitted to the remote end in the form of microwaves and then converted into other forms of energy, such as electrical energy, so that they can be consumed by the remote end.

[0036] The microwave source 100 can also be called a microwave generator. In specific implementations, a magnetron, traveling wave tube, or klystron can be used. Magnetrons have power ranging from several hundred watts to tens of kilowatts, traveling wave tubes can reach tens of kilowatts, and klystrons have power ranging from several hundred watts to several megawatts, reaching up to the megawatt level. In practical applications, a magnetron, traveling wave tube, or klystron can be selected as the microwave source 100 to convert electrical energy into microwaves, depending on the power output requirements of the power generation system to which the microwave source 100 is connected. For example, if the power generation system requires megawatt-level power output, a klystron can be used as the microwave source 100 in a microwave power supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber.

[0037] In the microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber described in this embodiment, a microwave source 100 converts electrical energy into microwaves, a microwave transmission assembly 200 containing antiresonant hollow-core fiber handles microwave transmission, and finally a microwave energy conversion assembly 300 converts the microwaves into other forms of energy. Optical fiber offers advantages over traditional cables, such as low cost and abundant resources, making it easy to deploy on a large scale and effectively reducing energy transmission costs. In particular, replacing cables with antiresonant hollow-core fiber can reduce the construction cost of ultra-high voltage technology, which typically exceeds tens of millions of RMB per kilometer, to approximately 100,000 RMB. Furthermore, the transmission characteristics of antiresonant hollow-core fiber can reduce microwave transmission loss to no more than 2.57% per thousand kilometers (excellent compared to ultra-high voltage transmission loss). This reduction in energy transmission loss also helps improve energy absorption capacity.

[0038] The microwave transmission assembly 200 described above is a key component for reducing transmission costs, lowering transmission losses, and improving energy absorption capacity. The following describes in detail the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber therein. In this application, the number of antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers in the microwave transmission assembly 200 can be one, two, or more, depending on the energy transmission distance, the terrain in the transmission scenario, or the characteristics of the facilities and the required conversion requirements.

[0039] Unlike ordinary optical fibers, the structural feature of antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers is that the core of the optical fiber is hollow and has periodically arranged capillaries. In this application, the antiresonance mechanism can be used to confine microwaves of a specific wavelength in the hollow core. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber in a microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, an antiresonant hollow-core fiber comprises a cladding 201 and a hollow core 202. Multiple groups of capillaries 203 are distributed within the inner periphery of the cladding 201. In an antiresonant hollow-core fiber, the capillaries 203 are typically evenly distributed. The central region of the hollow core 202 is filled with gas or a low-refractive-index medium. Here, "low-refractive-index" means that the refractive index of the medium in the central region is lower than that of the walls of the capillaries 203. In practical applications, the gas filling the central region of the hollow core 202 can be air or another type of gas medium with a lower refractive index than that of the walls of the capillaries 203.

[0040] Figure 2 The antiresonant hollow core fiber shown in FIG specifically shows 6 groups of capillaries 203. In actual applications, the number of groups of capillaries 203 in the antiresonant hollow core fiber is not limited to 6 groups. For example, 8 groups, 10 groups, etc. can also be set. Figure 2 The cross-sectional effect shown is not intended to limit the anti-resonant hollow-core fiber structure in the microwave transmission component in the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the microwave power supply system based on the antiresonant hollow-core fiber can set the size of the matching antiresonant hollow-core fiber according to the selected microwave wavelength, so that the microwave can propagate under the transmission conditions of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber. Specifically, in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, the wall thickness of the capillary is designed based on the antiresonant window of the microwave in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, the refractive index of the capillary wall, and the refractive index of the hollow core. See the following formula (1) for the conditions for microwave propagation in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber: ; Formula (1) In formula (1), t is the wall thickness of the capillary tube, λ m is the mth harmonic wavelength, n1 is the refractive index of the capillary wall, and n2 is the refractive index of the hollow core of the antiresonant hollow core fiber. If the gas filled in the hollow core is air, then n2 is the refractive index of the filled air. If the microwave wavelength is λ, when the microwave wavelength λ is within the antiresonance window (λ m+1 ,λ m ), that is: m+1 <λ<λ m , microwaves of this wavelength λ can propagate with low loss in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber with the parameters shown in formula (1). From formula (1), we can know that the upper boundary λ of the antiresonance window is m Based on the calculated relationship between the refractive index n1 of the capillary wall, the refractive index n2 of the hollow core of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, and the capillary wall thickness t, t can be designed based on the microwave antiresonance window, the refractive index of the capillary wall, and the refractive index of the hollow core. It should be noted that in practical applications, once the capillary wall thickness is determined, the antiresonance window can be determined first, and then an appropriate microwave can be selected based on the antiresonance window. Alternatively, if the microwave wavelength to be transmitted is known, the antiresonance window range can be determined based on this wavelength, and the capillary wall thickness can then be set based on this range.

[0042] The precise design of the capillary tube wall thickness t allows microwaves of a specific wavelength to reflectively interfere with the capillary wall, creating an antiresonance effect. This effectively suppresses microwave leakage and confines the microwaves to the hollow core, achieving efficient microwave confinement. Specifically, when microwaves enter the thin wall of the cladding from the hollow core, they are simultaneously transmitted and reflected at the thin-wall interface. By precisely controlling the capillary tube wall thickness, microwaves near the target transmission wavelength are transmitted through both surfaces of the thin wall. When the reflected microwaves meet within the tube wall, they are in anti-phase, causing destructive interference and resulting in zero energy. This interference prevents the incident microwaves from effectively penetrating the capillary wall and leaking out of the cladding. After the interference, the thin wall interior is devoid of energy, which can be understood as energy being unable to enter the thin wall. In this situation, the microwaves are reflected back to the hollow core with extremely high efficiency, confining the energy within the hollow core. This allows for undefined microwave conduction within the hollow core, significantly reducing microwave losses during transmission.

[0043] The design and manufacture of microwave-compatible antiresonant hollow-core fibers (HCFs) must meet requirements such as low microwave loss, high structural strength, strong thermal stability, and feasible process implementation. Specific material selection must be considered in conjunction with the operating frequency, power level, and deployment environment to ensure the long-term stability of the HCF structure in high-power microwave, long-distance transmission scenarios. Materials that meet these requirements include, but are not limited to, low-dielectric-loss materials such as quartz glass, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polystyrene, as well as ceramics (including, but not limited to, aluminum oxide or silicon nitride).

[0044] exist Figure 2 In this example, each set of capillaries in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber is a single-layer structure. In other possible implementations, each set of capillaries can also be a nested structure. When using a broadband microwave source, this type of antiresonant hollow-core fiber with a nested capillary structure can be utilized. This is because each nested layer of capillaries within a set of capillaries in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber creates an additional antiresonance window, thereby expanding the transmission performance of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber in a microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The cross-sectional structure shown in Figure 3 Each group of capillaries is a nested capillary structure, which includes a first capillary 203a and a second capillary 203b nested within the first capillary 203a. For ease of description, the wall thickness of the first capillary 203a is described as the first thickness, and the wall thickness of the second capillary 203b is described as the second thickness.

[0046] In practical applications, the first thickness and the second thickness can be set to be the same or different in numerical value. In a specific implementation, if the microwave transmission component of a microwave power supply system based on an antiresonant hollow-core fiber needs to transmit microwaves of two wavelength bands, by setting the first thickness and the second thickness to be unequal, the antiresonant hollow-core fiber with a nested capillary structure can effectively perform the above transmission task.

[0047] For example, a microwave transmission component needs to transmit microwaves in a first transmission band and microwaves in a second transmission band, wherein the first transmission band and the second transmission band have no intersection or only have a partial band intersection. In one possible implementation, the first thickness and the second thickness are not equal. The first thickness of the first capillary 203a in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber is designed based on the antiresonance window of the microwaves in the first transmission band of the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, the refractive index of the tube wall of the first capillary 203a, and the refractive index in the hollow core. The second thickness of the second capillary 203b in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber is designed based on the antiresonance window of the microwaves in the second transmission band of the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, the refractive index of the tube wall of the second capillary 203b, and the refractive index in the hollow core. Ultimately, the first capillary tube 203a, thanks to its high refractive index and first thickness, enables microwaves in the first transmission band of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber to be transmitted to the remote end with low loss. The second capillary tube 203b, thanks to its high refractive index and second thickness, enables microwaves in the second transmission band of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber to be transmitted to the remote end with low loss. In other words, by properly configuring the first and second thicknesses, the microwave transmission assembly is capable of transmitting microwaves of two different bands to the remote end for absorption.

[0048] If the walls of the nested capillaries are the same thickness—that is, the first and second thicknesses are equal—then the nested capillary structure can further reduce losses compared to a single capillary of the same wall thickness. While the transmitted microwave band does not increase, the addition of an additional capillary of the same thickness still reduces microwave transmission losses.

[0049] Figure 3 The illustrated structure of an antiresonant hollow-core fiber with nested capillaries is for illustrative purposes only. In practical applications, the number of capillaries nested within each capillary group in an antiresonant hollow-core fiber is not limited to one, but may be two or more. For example, each capillary group may include a first capillary, a second capillary nested within the first capillary, and a third capillary nested within the second capillary.

[0050] In some scenarios, it may also be necessary to enhance the antiresonance effect within the antiresonant hollow-core fiber. To this end, as an optional implementation method, a coating can be applied to each set of capillaries during the design and manufacturing stage of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber. The coating is used to provide an additional reflective interface to enhance the antiresonance effect of the antiresonant hollow-core fiber. The coating applied to the capillary can be a metal layer or a dielectric coating. Optionally, the material of the metal layer includes gold, silver, or silver iodide. Optionally, the material of the dielectric coating includes multiple layers of oxide or multiple layers of fluoride. Coating the capillary is equivalent to adding a high-reflection interface, thereby enhancing the optical power reflected from the antiresonant hollow-core fiber to the core for the first time, and thus more light remains in the core. In other words, the presence of the coating adds a high-reflection surface to the antiresonant hollow-core fiber on the basis of the antiresonance effect, ensuring that microwaves are confined in the hollow core and continue to propagate, which helps reduce the transmission loss of microwaves in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber. It should be noted that the presence of the coating does not actually change the antiresonance effect. This is because the antiresonance effect itself is determined by the thickness of the capillary wall. Compared with not applying the coating, applying the coating increases the optical power of the reflected light by introducing a high-reflection interface.

[0051] In actual applications, due to some terrain features or facilities that hinder the transmission process, a microwave transmission assembly with only one anti-resonant hollow-core fiber may not be able to meet long-distance transmission requirements. Therefore, in an optional implementation, the microwave transmission assembly includes multiple anti-resonant hollow-core fibers and a reflection assembly disposed between each two adjacent anti-resonant hollow-core fibers. The reflection assembly is used to reflect the microwaves output by an adjacent anti-resonant hollow-core fiber to another adjacent anti-resonant hollow-core fiber. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microwave transmission component in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 The microwave transmission component shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a first anti-resonance hollow core fiber 200a and a second anti-resonance hollow core fiber 200b. Figure 4 It can be seen from the figure that the first antiresonant hollow core fiber 200a and the second antiresonant hollow core fiber 200b are placed at a certain angle. If the microwave source is along Figure 4Transmitted from left to right, the microwaves can be smoothly transmitted within the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a after being connected. However, since the microwave energy conversion component is far away from the second end of the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a or is not directly to the right of the second end of the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a, a second antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200b needs to be connected. The microwaves are folded between the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a and the second antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200b by the reflective component 200c. In practical applications, the reflective component can be any device with a microwave reflection function, and its structure can be planar or three-dimensional. In addition, in practical applications, the reflective component in the microwave transmission component can be one or more, and can be set according to the microwave folding requirements in the actual scenario.

[0052] Considering that microwave energy may tend to diverge after being emitted from the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, making it difficult to ensure efficient and low-loss transmission, in an optional implementation, a collimator can be further configured in the reflective component. Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a reflective component in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the reflective assembly includes: a first collimator 501, a reflector 502, and a second collimator 503. The first collimator 501 is used to collimate the microwaves output from an antiresonant hollow-core fiber adjacent to the reflective assembly and transmit them to the reflector 502; the reflector 502 is used to reflect the received microwaves to the second collimator 503; and the second collimator 503 is used to collimate the microwaves reflected by the reflector 502 and transmit them to another antiresonant hollow-core fiber adjacent to the reflective assembly.

[0053] Figure 6 For use Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure of the microwave transmission component of the reflection component is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, a first collimator 501 is positioned between the second end (microwave exit end) of the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a and a reflector 502, while a second collimator 503 is positioned between the reflector 502 and the first end (microwave entrance end) of the second antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200b. Thus, the first collimator 501 collimates the microwaves emitted from the first antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200a before transmitting them to the reflector. To ensure efficient transmission of the microwaves incident on the second antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200b, the second collimator 503 performs another collimation process on the microwaves before they enter the second antiresonant hollow-core fiber 200b.

[0054] Since optical fiber is an insulator, there is no risk of electric shock, which greatly reduces the threat to the personal safety of construction workers and maintenance personnel during line construction and daily maintenance.

[0055] The microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber proposed in this application uses antiresonant hollow-core fiber instead of ordinary single-mode fiber or multimode fiber. The upper limit of energy transmission of antiresonant hollow-core fiber can reach gigawatts to ten gigawatts, while the upper limit of energy transmission of ordinary single-mode fiber and multimode fiber is one to ten watts, which cannot meet the needs of transmitting high-power energy. In addition, when antiresonant hollow-core fiber transmits high-power laser signals (such as 10Kw-level lasers), the loss does not exceed 2.57% per kilometer, while the loss of energy transmission fiber specially designed for high-energy transmission reaches about 98% per kilometer, which cannot meet the needs of long-distance transmission. In addition, traditional energy transmission fiber cannot transmit microwaves and can only transmit lasers. When antiresonant hollow-core fiber transmits high-power microwaves, the transmission loss of microwaves can be reduced from 2.57% per kilometer when transmitting lasers to less than 2.57% per thousand kilometers.

[0056] There are three main causes of power loss in optical fiber: absorption loss of the transmitted signal within the fiber, backscattering loss (Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman scattering), and bending loss. Antiresonant hollow-core fibers designed for microwave applications have a diameter so large that they cannot be bent, resulting in no bending loss. Furthermore, the interior of antiresonant hollow-core fibers is air, making microwave absorption loss negligible. Regarding backscattering loss, Rayleigh scattering is the most dominant, followed by Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering is the weakest. The intensity of the loss due to Rayleigh scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, the intensity of the loss due to Brillouin scattering is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength, and the intensity of the loss due to Raman scattering is inversely proportional to the wavelength. It is known that the power loss of antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber in the laser band (1550nm) (mainly caused by backscattering) does not exceed 2.57% per kilometer. Therefore, when this type of optical fiber is used for microwave transmission, the power loss does not exceed 2.57% per thousand kilometers. The loss of ultra-high voltage is about 3% per thousand kilometers, so its transmission performance is superior to ultra-high voltage technology.

[0057] The Jinshang to Hubei UHVDC project, which began construction in 2023, spans mountainous provinces such as Sichuan and Hubei, is 2,107 kilometers long, and has an estimated dynamic investment of 34.3 billion yuan, which is relatively high. Another Sichuan-Chongqing UHVAC ring network, which began construction in 2022, will reach over 1,300 kilometers, cross mountainous areas, and be a long-distance AC line. The estimated investment is 28.6 billion yuan, which is relatively high. Generally speaking, the investment in a UHVDC line of more than 1,000 kilometers is generally around 20-30 billion yuan. The construction cost of UHV is more than 10 to 20 million yuan per kilometer, while the construction cost of a fiber optic network is around tens of thousands to 100,000 yuan per kilometer. Therefore, the microwave power supply system based on anti-resonant hollow-core fiber proposed in this application will greatly reduce the cost of energy transportation without increasing energy power transmission losses, and even while reducing energy power transmission losses.

[0058] In the aforementioned antiresonant hollow-core fiber-based microwave power supply system, the microwave energy conversion component receives microwaves from the microwave transmission component and converts them into other forms of energy. The specific form of the microwave energy conversion component can be configured based on specific needs.

[0059] In one optional implementation, the microwave energy conversion component converts received microwaves into thermal energy or, based on the thermal energy, further converts it into electrical energy. In this implementation, the microwave energy conversion component includes a thermal energy conversion device that converts microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into thermal energy. The following is an introduction to a specific implementation structure of the thermal energy conversion device: The thermal energy conversion equipment includes a boiler; the microwave energy conversion assembly also includes a turbine, a condenser, and a generator. The liquid in the boiler absorbs the energy from the microwaves received from the microwave transmission assembly and converts it into steam. The turbine, driven by the steam, further drives the generator to generate electricity. The condenser cools the remaining steam after driving the turbine and returns the cooled and restored liquid to the boiler for recycling. Through this process, the microwave energy conversion assembly successfully converts microwaves into thermal energy and then into electrical energy. Furthermore, the use of the condenser in the microwave energy conversion assembly allows for the recycling of steam, saving resource costs.

[0060] Generally speaking, in the process of generating electricity using water vapor, the efficiency of converting heat energy into electrical energy is between 25% and 45%. This application uses antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber to transmit microwaves and converts the energy of microwaves into heat energy first and then into electrical energy. The efficiency of the microwave source in converting electrical energy into microwaves is about 70%. The transmission loss is almost negligible, so the path of converting microwaves into heat energy and then into electrical energy in the present invention can make the utilization rate of waste energy reach 17.5%-31%. The total amount of waste energy in my country exceeds 100 billion kWh per year, and the corresponding economic loss exceeds 40 billion yuan per year. In other words, every 10% increase in the utilization rate of waste energy can achieve an economic benefit of more than 4 billion yuan per year. The microwave power supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber proposed in the embodiment of this application can bring economic benefits of about 7 billion to 12.4 billion yuan per year to my country, effectively realizing the absorption of waste energy.

[0061] In practical applications, the liquid in the boiler is water or a liquid organic substance with a boiling point lower than that of water, including but not limited to propane and butane. Because propane and butane have low boiling points, they can generate steam at relatively low temperatures to drive turbines and generators. Therefore, their vapor pressure is lower than that of water vapor, allowing for thinner boilers and simpler pumps and sealing systems, improving system safety. Furthermore, while these organic substances have lower boiling points than water, their condensation temperatures are often higher than water, meaning that the vapors of these substances can be condensed into liquid for recycling without the need for a powerful condensing system. Although these organic substances are more expensive than water, their properties make them suitable for power generation in water-scarce areas (where water cooling is costly) or where cooling towers are unavailable.

[0062] In another optional implementation, the microwave energy conversion assembly converts received microwaves into electrical energy. In this implementation, the microwave energy conversion assembly includes a rectenna, which specifically includes a receiving antenna and a rectifier circuit. The receiving antenna and the rectifier circuit are electrically connected. The receiving antenna is configured to receive microwaves from the microwave transmission assembly and transmit the received microwaves to the connected rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit is configured to convert the microwaves transmitted by the receiving antenna into electrical energy.

[0063] The above receiving antenna can be implemented in a variety of ways depending on the usage requirements, as listed below: (1) The receiving antenna is an antenna array, which includes multiple sub-antenna units, and the multiple sub-antenna units form a receiving matrix. The rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifier modules; the multiple sub-antenna units correspond one to one to the multiple rectifier modules; and the multiple rectifier modules are connected in parallel. Each sub-antenna unit is responsible for receiving and transmitting part of the microwave to its corresponding rectifier module. Multiple rectifier modules are connected in parallel to form a total DC output. The antenna array receiving antenna has good power sharing capability and scalability, and is suitable for high output power requirements. The array form can be flexibly arranged according to the spatial layout, supports structural flat packaging, modular thermal management and distributed control, and is a basic design solution for achieving high-efficiency, large-area, high-power microwave reception.

[0064] (2) The receiving antenna is a circularly polarized spiral antenna array. In application scenarios with high requirements for attitude adaptability, this application can use a circularly polarized spiral antenna array as the receiving antenna structure. This type of antenna can effectively alleviate the efficiency loss caused by the mismatch between the microwave receiving direction and the polarization angle, and is suitable for receiving microwave energy on moving platforms, rotating equipment or space carriers. Multiple circularly polarized antenna units in the circularly polarized spiral antenna array can work together in the array structure to jointly support the total output power of the system, which can meet the power generation power requirements of the power station. At the same time, it has a certain frequency adaptability and angle tolerance, which can improve the robustness of the system.

[0065] (3) The receiving antenna is a slot antenna or a Vivaldi-type broadband antenna. It is suitable for power supply systems that require high directivity, high bandwidth adaptability, or frequency tunability. This type of antenna can achieve microwave reception at multiple frequencies or bandwidths, and is suitable for scenarios where the optical fiber output frequency fluctuates greatly or dynamic frequency modulation control is required. Through large-area array combination, the structure can carry a total power of more than tens of kilowatts, while having good coupling efficiency and directional gain control capabilities, and is suitable for high-precision power supply or focal beam transmission structures.

[0066] The above rectifier circuit can be implemented in a variety of ways according to the application requirements, as listed below: (1) The rectifier circuit is a bridge rectifier circuit. In a microwave power supply system based on anti-resonant hollow-core fiber, if high-power microwave power supply is required, the rectifier circuit can specifically adopt a bridge rectifier circuit, and a full-wave rectifier structure composed of several high-speed, high-current diodes can be used to achieve stable and efficient DC output. The bridge rectifier circuit is suitable for power processing of hundreds of watts per channel, and can be connected in parallel to form an array form through multiple rectifier channels to meet the requirements of high total output power systems. This structure has the advantages of small output voltage fluctuation, strong current continuity, and high load adaptability. It is suitable for high-load, continuous power supply or energy storage application scenarios, especially in the receiving end environment where the microwave power distribution is relatively uniform, and performs stably and reliably.

[0067] (2) The rectifier circuit is a multi-unit parallel single Schottky rectifier circuit. Single Schottky diode rectifiers can also achieve high-power output through modular arrays. Each unit rectifier circuit processes microwave energy ranging from tens of watts to hundreds of watts. Through the parallel operation of hundreds or thousands of sub-modules, the total output DC power reaches 10 kilowatts or more. This structure has the characteristics of fast response speed, simple structure, and strong unit interchangeability. It is suitable for scenarios with wide power density distribution and expandable receiving surface space, such as rectifier array walls and multi-channel receiving systems. By optimizing the wiring and thermal management of the rectifier units, this structure can effectively support the high-power microwave energy conversion tasks of large-area space receiving systems.

[0068] (3) The rectifier circuit is a rectifier circuit optimized by a matching network. The circuit of the rectifier structure optimized by the matching network is used to further improve the conversion efficiency of microwave energy to DC power under high power conditions. By connecting a π-type, L-type or T-type impedance matching network in series before each rectifier channel, the antenna output and the rectifier input impedance are optimally coupled, thereby reducing reflection loss and improving the rectifier power capacity. This structure is particularly suitable for system environments with adjustable frequency, uneven antenna angle distribution, and large power density variations, and can achieve system output of 10 kilowatts and above through modular array deployment.

[0069] When the operating environment of a microwave power supply system based on an antiresonant hollow-core fiber changes, such as when significant temperature or pressure changes occur or when external forces are applied to the antiresonant hollow-core fiber, the microwave frequency output by the antiresonant hollow-core fiber can be appropriately adjusted to mitigate power loss due to antenna impedance drift. In an optional implementation, where the microwave energy conversion component includes a rectenna, the microwave power supply system based on an antiresonant hollow-core fiber also includes a frequency modulation module and a transmitting antenna. The frequency modulation module includes a microwave receiving unit, a frequency control unit, and a power amplifier. The module also has an RF output port (such as a coaxial port or waveguide port) at its end, which is connected to the transmitting antenna.

[0070] In practical applications, the microwave receiving unit can utilize a waveguide port or collimated antenna. The frequency control unit can include a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a reference frequency source, and a mixer. The power amplifier can utilize a GaN high-power amplifier module. Furthermore, the frequency modulation module can be further configured with phase and amplitude control components to modulate the phase or amplitude of the microwave signal. After processing by the frequency modulation module, the module ultimately outputs a stable microwave signal within the target frequency range.

[0071] In this embodiment, the frequency modulation module is installed at the microwave output end of the microwave transmission assembly. The microwave signal transmitted by the microwave transmission assembly is released into free space or a radio frequency waveguide environment at the end of the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, where it is then collected and introduced into the frequency modulation module. Within the frequency modulation module, a microwave receiving unit is used to receive microwaves output from the second end (microwave output end) of the microwave transmission assembly; a frequency control unit is used to perform frequency conversion on the microwaves received by the microwave receiving unit; and a power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the microwaves that have undergone frequency conversion by the frequency control unit.

[0072] The transmitting antenna transmits the amplified microwaves from the RF output port into free space. It radiates microwaves in a specific beam direction. The type of transmitting antenna is selected based on the microwave application requirements. For example, if a high power carrying capacity and high radiation efficiency are required, a horn antenna, microstrip array, or parabolic antenna can be used.

[0073] Microwaves emitted into free space are received by a receiving antenna in the microwave energy conversion assembly and converted into electrical energy via a rectifier circuit. The receiving antenna captures the microwave signal in space and converts it into high-frequency alternating current (AC). The rectifier circuit then converts the AC into DC for direct power supply, energy storage, or further regulation.

[0074] In general, the setting of the FM module in the system enhances the system's anti-interference ability and reduces power loss caused by antenna impedance drift and other reasons.

[0075] In practical applications, if the antiresonant hollow-core fiber in the system is used in water or relatively humid areas, the microwave wavelength needs to be designed to be less likely to be absorbed by water vapor in order to ensure that microwaves are not absorbed by water during transmission and to reduce transmission losses. When the system outputs microwaves, the microwave wavelength is modulated to a wavelength that is required for water absorption. In response to this wavelength conversion requirement, in an embodiment of the present application, the microwave power supply system based on the antiresonant hollow-core fiber also includes a modulator disposed between the second end of the microwave transmission component and the input end of the microwave energy conversion component. The modulator is used to adjust the wavelength range of the microwaves output from the second end of the microwave transmission component and transmit the wavelength-adjusted microwaves to the input end of the microwave energy conversion component. The microwaves output from the output end of the modulator are more easily absorbed by water than the microwaves input to the input end of the modulator. That is, the modulation here causes a change in the microwave wavelength. In a specific implementation, the modulator is a microwave frequency modulator that affects the wavelength by modulating the frequency. As an example, the selected microwave frequency modulator can be any of a radio frequency mixer, a microwave photon frequency converter, or a frequency multiplier.

[0076] Furthermore, the microwave energy supply system based on antiresonant hollow-core fiber described in the embodiments of this application can also be used directly for heating. For example, the microwave energy conversion component in this system is connected to a heating station. The microwave energy conversion component converts the heat energy into water, thereby achieving centralized heating. Because this system enables long-distance microwave transmission, it can also achieve long-distance heating.

[0077] Thermal energy is also required in some industrial scenarios, such as metal processing, the petrochemical industry, the food industry, and the paper industry. The thermal energy converted by the microwave energy conversion components in an antiresonant hollow-core fiber-based microwave power supply system can be used to heat industrial raw materials, initiate chemical reactions, or otherwise alter the state or form of matter. The microwave energy conversion components in this antiresonant hollow-core fiber-based microwave power supply system are connected to a remote industrial heat energy user, converting the transmitted microwaves into thermal energy for remote industrial applications.

[0078] In the field of national defense, when the area of garrisoned islands is limited, there is an upper limit on the amount of power that can be supplied to the islands using energy sources such as solar energy. To address this issue, currently commonly used power supply methods include transporting batteries and building offshore power supply ships. However, these power supply methods are extremely vulnerable to malicious attacks. Once the power is paralyzed by a malicious attack, all kinds of facilities on the island will also be "paralyzed" and become unusable. The microwave power supply system based on anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber provided in this application can carry anti-resonant hollow-core optical fibers through submarine optical cables to transmit microwaves and realize energy conversion, thereby supplying power to the islands. Submarine optical cables are usually buried on the seabed, which is more concealed and safer than transporting batteries or building offshore power supply ships, and provides a strong guarantee for the power supply security of garrisoned islands.

[0079] The above is merely one specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A microwave energy supply system based on anti-resonant hollow core fiber, characterized in that: include: A microwave source, a microwave transmission component, and a microwave energy conversion component; the microwave transmission component includes at least one anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber; The first end of the microwave transmission component is connected to the output end of the microwave source, and the second end of the microwave transmission component is connected to the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; The microwave source is used to convert electrical energy into microwaves and then output them to the microwave transmission component; The microwave transmission component is used to transmit microwaves from the microwave source; The microwave energy conversion component is used to convert the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into other forms of energy.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber includes an outer cladding and a hollow core; multiple groups of capillaries are distributed on the inner periphery of the cladding; the wall thickness of the capillaries is designed based on the antiresonant window of microwaves in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, the refractive index of the wall of the capillaries, and the refractive index in the hollow core.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that Each group of capillaries is a nested capillary structure, which includes a first capillary and a second capillary nested in the first capillary; the wall thickness of the first capillary is a first thickness, and the wall thickness of the second capillary is a second thickness.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The first thickness and the second thickness are not equal; The first thickness is designed based on an antiresonance window of microwaves in a first transmission band in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, a refractive index of a wall of the first capillary tube, and a refractive index in the hollow core; The second thickness is designed based on an antiresonance window of microwaves in a second transmission band in the antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber, a refractive index of a wall of the second capillary tube, and a refractive index in the hollow core.

5. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The first thickness and the second thickness are equal.

6. The system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that Each group of capillaries is plated with a coating; the coating is used to additionally provide a reflection interface to enhance the antiresonance effect of the antiresonant hollow core optical fiber.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The coating is a metal layer or a dielectric coating.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that The material of the metal layer includes gold, silver or silver iodide.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The material of the dielectric coating includes multi-layer oxide or multi-layer fluoride.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The microwave transmission component includes a plurality of antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers and a reflection component arranged between each two adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fibers; the reflection component is used to reflect the microwave output from an adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber to another adjacent antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein: The reflection assembly includes: a first collimator, a reflector and a second collimator; The first collimator is used to collimate the microwave output from an anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber adjacent to the reflective component and transmit it to the reflector; The reflector is used to reflect the received microwaves to the second collimator; The second collimator is used to collimate the microwaves reflected by the reflector and transmit them to another anti-resonant hollow-core optical fiber adjacent to the reflective component.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The microwave energy conversion assembly includes: a thermal energy conversion device; The heat energy conversion device is used to convert the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component into heat energy.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein: The thermal energy conversion equipment includes: a boiler; the microwave energy conversion assembly also includes a turbine, a condenser and a generator; The liquid in the boiler absorbs energy of the microwaves received from the microwave transmission component and is converted into steam; The turbine is used to further drive the generator to generate electricity under the drive of the steam; The condenser is used to cool the remaining steam after driving the turbine, and to send the cooled and restored liquid back into the boiler for recycling.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein: The liquid is water or a liquid organic substance having a boiling point lower than that of water.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The microwave energy conversion component includes a rectenna; the rectenna includes a receiving antenna and a rectifier circuit; the receiving antenna is electrically connected to the rectifier circuit; The receiving antenna is used to receive microwaves from the microwave transmission component and transmit the received microwaves to the connected rectifier circuit; The rectifier circuit is used to convert the microwaves transmitted by the receiving antenna into electrical energy.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein: The receiving antenna is an antenna array, which includes multiple sub-antenna units; the rectifier circuit includes multiple rectifier modules; the multiple sub-antenna units correspond one to one to the multiple rectifier modules; and the multiple rectifier modules are connected in parallel.

17. The system according to claim 16, wherein: The receiving antenna is a circularly polarized helical antenna array.

18. The system according to claim 15, wherein: The receiving antenna is a slot antenna or a Vivaldi-type broadband antenna.

19. The system according to claim 15, wherein: The rectifier circuit is a bridge rectifier circuit, a multi-unit parallel single Schottky rectifier circuit or a rectifier circuit with optimized matching network.

20. The system according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that Also includes: FM module and transmitting antenna; The frequency modulation module includes a microwave receiving unit, a frequency control unit and a power amplifier. The end of the frequency modulation module is also provided with a radio frequency output port; the radio frequency output port is connected to the transmitting antenna; The microwave receiving unit is used to receive the microwave output from the second end of the microwave transmission component; The frequency control unit is used to perform frequency conversion on the microwaves received by the microwave receiving unit; The power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the microwaves subjected to frequency conversion by the frequency control unit; The transmitting antenna is used to transmit the microwaves after power amplification output by the radio frequency output port into free space.

21. The system according to claim 1, wherein: Also includes: a modulator, the modulator being disposed between the second end of the microwave transmission component and the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; The modulator is used to adjust the wavelength range of the microwaves output from the second end of the microwave transmission component and transmit the microwaves with the adjusted wavelengths to the input end of the microwave energy conversion component; the microwaves output from the output end of the modulator are more easily absorbed by water than the microwaves input to the input end of the modulator; The modulator is a microwave frequency modulator.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein: The microwave frequency modulator is one of the following: a radio frequency mixer, a microwave photon frequency converter or a frequency multiplier.

23. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The microwave source is connected to the power generation system via a cable; the power generation system is any one of the following: Wind power generation system, nuclear power generation system, solar thermal power system, photovoltaic power generation system, thermal power generation system, tidal power generation system or hydropower generation system.

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