Farmland residual film fragment recovery device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland residual film fragment recovery device and method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, the farmland residual film fragment recovery device comprises a rack, and a soil crushing wheel, a rolling and throwing cylinder, an impurity removal conveying belt, a net-shaped conveying belt, a fan and a residual film collection box which are mounted on the rack and are sequentially arranged in the advancing direction; a crushing assembly is arranged on the peripheral face of the soil crushing wheel and used for crushing soil blocks when the soil crushing wheel rotates. Arc-shaped soil throwing plates which are distributed at intervals are arranged on the peripheral surface of the rolling and throwing cylinder and are used for throwing crushed soil blocks to the impurity removal conveying belt; an impurity removal assembly is arranged on the impurity removal conveying belt and used for enabling the soil blocks rolling down to fall back to the farmland and intercepting residual films and crop residues; the net-shaped conveying belt is used for receiving the residual films and the crop residues on the impurity removal conveying belt and adsorbing the residual films, so that the crop residues fall back to the farmland; the fan is used for blowing the residual film on the net-shaped conveying belt into the residual film collecting box; the plastic film residue recycling device can recycle broken plastic film residues in a farmland, reduces the influence of the plastic film residues on the environment, and provides powerful technical support for agricultural sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a device and method for recovering residual film fragments in farmland. Background Art

[0002] Ground film is widely used in crop planting because it is beneficial to the development of crops. However, in the process of traditional agricultural development, people often only focus on the use of ground film but neglect its recycling, resulting in a large amount of ground film remaining in farmland. The ground film currently used is difficult to decompose in the soil. The long-term retention of ground film in the soil will affect the growth and development of crop roots, resulting in reduced crop yields and income.

[0003] Most of the mainstream residual film recycling machines currently on the market use a purely mechanical recycling method. However, this type of recycling machine mainly targets deep, large, intact residual film that is less affected by wind erosion. Its recycling effect on fragmented residual film on the surface of farmland is not ideal. This is mainly because the fragmented residual film is small in size, relatively dispersed in distribution, and easily mixed with impurities such as soil and crop residues, making it difficult for purely mechanical recycling methods to effectively identify and separate it. Therefore, when faced with the problem of recycling fragmented residual film, purely mechanical recycling machines are often unable to cope with the requirements of comprehensiveness and efficiency in the recycling of residual film in farmland.

[0004] Therefore, how to design a device and method for recovering residual film fragments in farmland to efficiently recover fragmented residual film in farmland is a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the defects and shortcomings in the existing technology and provide a device and method for recovering fragmented residual film in farmland, which can be used to efficiently recover fragmented residual film in farmland, reduce the impact of residual film on the environment, and provide strong technical support for the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The present invention provides a device for recovering film residue fragments in farmland, which is characterized by comprising: a movable frame, and a soil crushing wheel, a rolling and throwing drum, a debris removal conveyor belt, a mesh conveyor belt, a fan and a residual film collection box which are installed on the frame and arranged in sequence along the direction of travel; the soil crushing wheel can rotate with the movement of the frame, and the outer peripheral surface of the soil crushing wheel is provided with a crushing assembly for crushing soil blocks; the rolling and throwing drum can rotate relative to the frame, and the outer peripheral surface of the rolling and throwing drum is provided with arc-shaped soil throwing plates distributed at intervals, and the soil throwing plates are bent toward the direction of the debris removal conveyor belt to throw the crushed soil blocks toward the debris removal conveyor belt; the inclined debris removal conveyor belt is provided with side-by-side and spaced debris removal assemblies The cleaning components are provided with hollow gaps between adjacent ones of the cleaning components for allowing the rolled soil blocks to fall back into the farmland. The cleaning components include a bottom plate and at least two shaft teeth located on the bottom plate. The adjacent shaft teeth are spaced apart for allowing the soil blocks to roll down and intercepting the residual film and crop residues. The head end of the mesh conveyor belt is located below the end of the cleaning conveyor belt. The mesh conveyor belt is a screen-like structure with mesh holes, and the mesh conveyor belt can generate electrostatic adsorption force to adsorb the residual film that falls into the mesh conveyor belt and discharge the crop residues. The air outlet of the fan is located below the end of the mesh conveyor belt and faces the inlet of the residual film collection box to blow the residual film into the residual film collection box.

[0008] In one embodiment, the crushing wheel includes at least two circular end plates arranged at intervals, at least three crushing shafts are provided between adjacent end plates, the crushing shafts are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference direction of the end plates, and all the crushing shafts constitute the crushing assembly.

[0009] In one embodiment, sharp teeth are provided on the inner side of the soil crushing shaft, and a plurality of the sharp teeth are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the soil crushing shaft.

[0010] In one embodiment, the free end of the throw-off plate is a smooth transition structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the impurity removal conveyor belt further includes two bases arranged side by side and at intervals, the two ends of the impurity removal component are respectively installed on the two bases, the bases are sleeved on a roller, and the roller is transmission-connected to the driving component to drive the bases to move.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mesh conveyor belt is conductive and grounded, an electrode plate is provided on one side of the mesh conveyor belt, a needle-shaped electrode is provided on the electrode plate, the needle-shaped electrode is electrically connected to the electrostatic generator, and the electrode plate at least covers the head end of the mesh conveyor belt.

[0013] In one embodiment, the inlet of the residual film collection box is a trumpet-shaped structure.

[0014] In one embodiment, a gathering scraper assembly is further included, wherein the gathering scraper assembly is located between the crushing wheel and the rolling drum and is used to gather soil blocks crushed by the crushing wheel.

[0015] In one embodiment, the gathering scraper assembly includes two gathering scrapers, which are respectively installed on the frame. A channel for the passage of soil blocks is formed between the two gathering scrapers. The opening of the channel close to the crushing wheel is larger than the opening of the channel close to the rolling and throwing cylinder, and the opening of the channel close to the rolling and throwing cylinder at least partially overlaps with the area where the throwing plate extends axially along the rolling and throwing cylinder.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for recovering residual film fragments in farmland, comprising the following contents:

[0017] S1. Break the large clods of soil into small clods;

[0018] S2. The crushed clods are transferred to an inclined impurity removal conveyor belt, wherein the impurity removal conveyor belt is provided with impurity removal assemblies arranged side by side and at intervals, with hollow gaps between adjacent impurity removal assemblies. The impurity removal assembly comprises a base plate and at least two shaft teeth located on the base plate, with adjacent shaft teeth spaced apart. The clods roll downward through the gaps between the adjacent shaft teeth and fall back into the farmland through the hollow gaps. Residual film and crop residues mixed between the clods are intercepted by the shaft teeth.

[0019] S3. The residual film and crop residues intercepted on the impurity removal conveyor belt are transferred to the mesh conveyor belt, which generates an electrostatic adsorption force to adsorb the residual film, and the crop residues fall back to the farmland through the mesh of the mesh conveyor belt;

[0020] S4. Transferring the residual film adsorbed on the mesh conveyor belt to a residual film collection box to complete the collection of the residual film.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention breaks large soil blocks in the farmland into small soil blocks through the soil-breaking wheel, releases the fragmented residual film wrapped in the large soil blocks, and provides favorable conditions for the recovery of the residual film. The soil blocks broken into small blocks are transferred to the impurity removal conveyor belt by the rolling drum, and the soil, residual film and crop residues are initially separated on the impurity removal conveyor belt. The soil blocks are heavy and can roll down along the impurity removal conveyor belt and roll back to the farmland through the hollow gaps in the impurity removal conveyor belt. The residual film and crop residues are intercepted by the shaft teeth in the process of rolling down with the soil blocks, and remain on the impurity removal conveyor belt and are transferred to the mesh conveyor belt. The separation of the residual film and the crop residues is completed in the mesh conveyor belt. The residual film is adsorbed on the mesh conveyor belt, and the crop residues fall back to the farmland through the mesh holes. The adsorbed residual film is finally transferred to the residual film collection box under the action of the fan. This residual film recovery device gradually releases fragmented residual film and separates fragmented residual film from soil and crop residues through mechanical crushing, mechanical preliminary screening and electrostatic adsorption, thereby achieving effective recovery of fragmented residual film, reducing the impact on the environment, and providing strong technical support for the sustainable development of agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a debris removal conveyor belt disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic side view of the structure of a debris removal conveyor belt disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic top view of the structure of a gathering scraper assembly disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the axial structure of a crushing wheel disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic side view of the structure of a crushing wheel disclosed in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 6Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at AA in the middle.

[0031] Among them, 1. Crushing wheel; 1-1. End plate; 1-2. Crushing shaft; 1-3. Sharp teeth; 2. Frame; 3. Storage battery; 4. Front motor; 5. Belt transmission mechanism; 6. Electrostatic generator; 7. Photovoltaic panel; 8. Debris removal conveyor belt; 8-1. Base; 8-2. Debris removal component; 8-2-1. Debris removal unit; 8-2-1-1. Bottom plate; 8-2-1-2. Shaft teeth; 9. Electrode plate; 10. Needle-shaped electrode; 11. Mesh conveyor belt; 12. Residual film collection box; 13. Fan; 14. Rear motor; 15. Travel mechanism; 16. Rolling barrel; 16-1. Cylinder; 16-2. Throwing plate; 17. Gathering scraper assembly; 17-1. Gathering scraper; 17-2. Connector; 17-3. Channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a device for recovering residual plastic film fragments in farmland. The application scenario is mainly in dry fields where crops have been harvested. The soil is turned up to form clods of different sizes. The clods are mixed with broken plastic film residues, and the clods cannot be too moist (the clods will adhere to the crushing wheel 1, affecting the crushing effect) or overly dried (the clods are too hard and large clods cannot be crushed into small clods).

[0035] The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland includes a frame 2, a crushing wheel 1, a roller 16, a debris removal conveyor belt 8, a mesh conveyor belt 11, a fan 13, and a residual film collection box 12. A traveling mechanism 15 is mounted on the frame 2 for driving the frame 2 and the entire device. The traveling mechanism 15 includes wheels / tracks and a power unit for driving the wheels / tracks, wherein the power unit is a rear-mounted motor 14. With the forward direction of the frame 2 being considered the front and the backward direction being considered the rear, the crushing wheel 1, roller 16, the debris removal conveyor belt 8, the mesh conveyor belt 11, the fan 13, and the residual film collection box 12 are mounted on the frame 2 in order from front to rear.The crushing wheel 1 rotates following the movement of the frame 2. The outer circumference of the crushing wheel 1 is provided with a crushing assembly, which can rotate with the crushing wheel 1 and crush large soil blocks in the farmland into small soil blocks; the rolling throwing cylinder 16 includes a cylinder body 16-1 and a throwing plate 16-2. The cylinder body 16-1 is installed on the frame 2 through a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is connected to the driving assembly, and the cylinder body 16-1 is driven to rotate by the driving assembly. At least two arc-shaped throwing plates 16-2 are distributed at intervals on the outer circumference of the cylinder body 16-1. The throwing plates 16-2 are arc-shaped structures bent toward the direction of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8. The throwing plates 16-2 can shovel up the broken small soil blocks and move with the cylinder body 16 -1 rotates to throw the scooped soil blocks to the impurity removal conveyor belt 8, and the number of soil throwing plates 16-2 can be determined according to actual needs; the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 is set at an angle, and at least two impurity removal components 8-2 are provided on the impurity removal conveyor belt 8. Along the forward direction of impurity removal and transportation, adjacent impurity removal components 8-2 are arranged side by side and at intervals. There is a hollow gap between adjacent impurity removal components 8-2. The hollow gap should be no less than the distance between the two farthest points in the outer contour of the small soil blocks, so that the small soil blocks can fall back to the farmland through the hollow gap. The impurity removal component 8-2 includes a bottom plate 8-2-1-1 and at least two shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 located on the bottom plate 8-2-1-1. , the adjacent shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 are arranged at intervals, and the component force of the gravity of the small soil blocks thrown onto the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8 in the conveying direction is greater than the adhesion force between the small soil blocks and the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8, and the small soil blocks roll down along the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8. When they roll to the hollow gaps, the small soil blocks fall back into the farmland from the hollow gaps, and the residual film, crop residues, etc. mixed among the small soil blocks are intercepted by the shaft teeth 8-2-1-2; the head end of the mesh conveyor belt 11 (the starting end of the movement of the mesh conveyor belt 11, which is also the end that receives the residual film and crop residues transferred from the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8) is located at the end of the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8 (the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8 is away from the roller The mesh conveyor belt 11 is a screen-like structure with mesh holes. The mesh conveyor belt 11 can generate electrostatic adsorption force to adsorb the residual film transferred to the mesh conveyor belt 11, and the crop residues cannot be adsorbed and fall back to the farmland from the mesh holes; the air outlet of the fan 13 is located below the end of the mesh conveyor belt 11 (the end of the mesh conveyor belt 11 away from the impurity removal conveyor belt 8) and faces the entrance of the residual film collection box 12. The blowing force of the fan 13 is adjusted so that the blowing force of the fan 13 is greater than the adsorption force of the mesh conveyor belt 11 on the residual film, so as to blow the residual film at the end of the mesh conveyor belt 11 into the residual film collection box 12 to complete the collection of the residual film.

[0036] See also Figures 5 to 7The crushing wheel 1 comprises at least two circular end plates 1-1 spaced apart from each other. At least three crushing shafts 1-2 are positioned between adjacent end plates 1-1. These multiple crushing shafts 1-2 are evenly and spaced apart along the outer circumference of the end plates 1-1. The crushing shafts 1-2 and the adjacent end plates 1-1 form a cage-like structure. A rotating shaft extends through the middle of the end plates 1-1. The crushing wheel 1 is mounted on a frame 2 via the rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the end plates 1-1. Because the outer circumference of the crushing wheel 1 is cylindrical, the crushing wheel 1 rotates with the movement of the frame 2. During rotation, the spaced crushing shafts 1-2 press against large clods, breaking them into smaller pieces and releasing any residual film trapped within them. The crushing assembly consists of the spaced crushing shafts 1-2.

[0037] The inner side of the crushing shaft 1-2 is provided with sharp teeth 1-3 for puncturing residual film. Several sharp teeth 1-3 are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the crushing shaft 1-2. When in use, the residual film wrapped around the crushing shaft 1-2 is punctured by the sharp teeth 1-3. The pulling force between the soil and the residual film tears the residual film wrapped around the crushing shaft 1-2 apart, causing it to fall back into the farmland, thus avoiding affecting the collection efficiency of the residual film.

[0038] To improve soil throwing efficiency, the axial dimension of the throwing plate 16-2 along the cylinder 16-1 should be as large as possible. The thickness of the free end of the throwing plate 16-2 should be less than the thickness at the connection between the throwing plate 16-2 and the cylinder 16-1. While maintaining sufficient strength, the free end of the throwing plate 16-2 should be as thin as possible to facilitate scooping up small, broken pieces of soil. The connection between the throwing plate 16-2 and the cylinder 16-1 should be as thick as possible to improve the connection strength between the throwing plate 16-2 and the cylinder 16-1. The free end of the throwing plate 16-2 is designed with a smooth transition structure, so that when the throwing plate 16-2 scoops up soil, residual film will not be punctured by the throwing plate 16-2, thereby smoothly transferring it to the debris removal conveyor belt 8.

[0039] See also Figures 2 to 3The impurity removal conveyor belt 8 also includes two bases 8-1 arranged side by side and at intervals. The two ends of the impurity removal component 8-2 are respectively installed on the two bases 8-1. The base 8-1 is mounted on rollers arranged at intervals. The rollers are connected to the driving component to drive the base 8-1 to move. The impurity removal component 8-2 includes at least two impurity removal units 8-2-1. The impurity removal unit 8-2-1 includes a bottom plate 8-2-1-1 and shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 arranged on the bottom plate 8-2-1-1. The bottom plates 8-2-1-1 of adjacent impurity removal units 8-2-1 are connected to form the impurity removal component 8-2. The spacing between adjacent shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 should be adapted to the distance between the two farthest points in the outer contour of the small soil blocks, so that the small soil blocks can roll down smoothly, and the residual film, crop residues, etc. mixed in the small soil blocks are intercepted by the shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 to complete the preliminary separation of the residual film, crop residues and soil blocks.

[0040] The end of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 is located above the head end of the mesh conveyor belt 11, and the end of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 partially overlaps with the head end of the mesh conveyor belt 11 in the up and down directions. After the residual film and crop residues are transported to the end of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8, the residual film and crop residues fall from the end of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 to the mesh conveyor belt 11 under the action of gravity. The residual film partially wrapped around the shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 is adsorbed to the mesh conveyor belt 11 under the electrostatic adsorption force of the mesh conveyor belt 11, thereby completing the transfer of the residual film and crop residues from the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 to the mesh conveyor belt 11.

[0041] The mesh conveyor belt 11 is conductive and fully grounded. An electrode plate 9 is provided on one side of the mesh conveyor belt 11. The electrode plate 9 carries a negative charge. A needle-shaped electrode 10 is provided on the electrode plate 9. The needle-shaped electrode 10 is electrically connected to the electrostatic generator 6, and the electrode plate 9 at least covers the head end of the mesh conveyor belt 11. When in use, the electrostatic generator 6 is turned on, and the needle-shaped electrode 10 on the electrode plate 9 performs corona discharge, and the negative charge is sprayed onto the surface of the residual film, so that the residual film carries a negative charge. The mesh conveyor belt 11 is fully grounded, and its potential is always zero. After the needle-shaped electrode 10 discharges, there is a potential difference between the electrode plate 9 and the mesh conveyor belt 11, thereby forming an electric field space, so that the residual film is adsorbed on the mesh conveyor belt 11. In one embodiment, the electrode plate 9 is fixed to the frame 2 in a detachable manner (such as bolt connection, clamping, bonding, etc.) and is located above the mesh conveyor belt 11. The mesh conveyor belt 11 can be made of metal, conductive composite material, or a conductive coating is applied to the surface of the mesh conveyor belt 11; the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 needs to be made of a material with insulation (blocking charge transfer and preventing the electrostatic field from forming a path through the conveyor belt), antistatic / dissipative charge capability (high surface resistivity (>10 12Ω) or adding antistatic agents to avoid static electricity accumulation), materials with low friction coefficient (reducing triboelectric charging and preventing secondary static electricity generation), such as pure insulating polymers, antistatic modified materials, fiber-reinforced insulating materials, etc., avoid the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 from generating electrostatic adsorption force, so that the residual film can be smoothly transferred to the mesh conveyor belt 11.

[0042] A fan 13 with adjustable speed is selected to adjust the speed of the fan 13 according to the size of the electrostatic adsorption force between the mesh conveyor belt 11 and the residual film, so that the blowing force generated by the fan 13 is greater than the electrostatic adsorption force between the mesh conveyor belt 11 and the residual film, thereby blowing the residual film away from the mesh conveyor belt 11.

[0043] The inlet of the residual film collection box 12 is a trumpet-shaped structure, so that the residual film can be blown into the residual film collection box 12; the bottom of the residual film collection box 12 is provided with an outlet that can be opened and closed, so that the residual film collected in the residual film collection box 12 can be taken out.

[0044] See also Figure 1 The farmland film debris recovery device also includes a gathering scraper assembly 17, which is located between the soil crushing wheel 1 and the rolling drum 16 and is used to gather small soil blocks crushed by the soil crushing wheel 1.

[0045] See also Figure 4 The gathering scraper assembly 17 includes two gathering scrapers 17-1, each gathering scraper 17-1 is provided with a connecting piece 17-2, and the gathering scraper 17-1 is installed on the frame 2 through the connecting piece 17-2. A channel 17-3 for the passage of soil blocks is formed between the two gathering scrapers 17-1. The opening of the channel 17-3 close to the crushing wheel 1 is larger than the opening of the channel 17-3 close to the rolling drum 16, so that when the farmland film fragment recovery device moves forward, the crushed small soil blocks are gathered. The opening of the channel 17-3 close to the rolling drum 16 at least partially overlaps with the area of the throwing plate 16-2 extending axially along the rolling drum 16. The optimal state is that the two completely overlap, so that the throwing plate 16-2 can transfer the gathered small soil blocks to the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 to the greatest extent.

[0046] The rollers of the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 and the rollers of the mesh conveyor belt 11 are respectively connected to the drive assembly through the belt transmission mechanism 5. The drive assembly is the front motor 4, the electrostatic generator 6, the front motor 4, the rear motor 14 and the storage battery 3 are electrically connected. A photovoltaic power generation panel 7 is provided on the top of the frame 2, and the photovoltaic power generation panel 7 is electrically connected to the storage battery 3 to store the generated electricity in the storage battery 3 for powering the electrostatic generator 6, the front motor 4 and the rear motor 14.

[0047] Working principle: The farmland film residue fragment recovery device moves forward driven by the walking mechanism 15, and the soil crushing wheel 1 rotates following the advancement of the farmland film residue fragment recovery device, crushing large soil blocks into small soil blocks while rotating. If the residual film is wound onto the outer peripheral surface of the soil crushing wheel 1 through the soil crushing shaft 1-2, the sharp teeth 1-3 on the inner side of the soil crushing shaft 1-2 will puncture the residual film, reducing the structural strength of the residual film, while the residual film not wound onto the soil crushing wheel 1 is still mixed in the soil or adhered to the soil blocks, and this part of the residual film will generate a pulling force on the residual film wound onto the soil crushing wheel 1, thereby causing the residual film to break from the punctured part and fall back into the farmland; as the farmland film residue fragment recovery device moves forward, the gathering scraper assembly 17 gathers the broken small soil blocks, the throwing plate 16-2 shovels up the gathered soil blocks, and throws the scooped soil blocks onto the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 in the process of rotating with the rolling throwing drum 16. The frame 2 transmits the charge to the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8, and the component force of the gravity of the small soil blocks in the direction of the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8 is greater than the adhesion force between the small soil blocks and the impurity-removing conveyor belt 8. The small soil blocks will roll down through the gaps between the adjacent shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 and fall back into the farmland from the hollow gaps. During the rolling process, the residual film and part of the crop residues mixed between the small soil blocks are intercepted by the shaft teeth 8-2-1-2. The intercepted residual film and crop residues are transferred to the mesh conveyor belt 11. Under the discharge action of the needle-shaped electrode 10, the residual film carries negative charge and is adsorbed onto the mesh conveyor belt 11, while the crop residues fall back into the farmland from the mesh holes because they cannot carry charge. When the residual film moves with the mesh conveyor belt 11 to the air outlet of the fan 13, it is blown into the residual film collection box 12 by the fan 13. After collecting for a period of time, the outlet of the residual film collection box 12 is opened and the residual film in the residual film collection box 12 is taken out.

[0048] The present invention also provides a method for recovering residual film fragments in farmland, comprising the following contents:

[0049] S1. Break the large clods of soil into small clods;

[0050] S2. The crushed small soil blocks are transferred to the inclined impurity removal conveyor belt 8. The impurity removal conveyor belt 8 is provided with impurity removal components 8-2 arranged side by side and at intervals. There is a hollow gap between adjacent impurity removal components 8-2. The impurity removal component 8-2 includes a bottom plate 8-2-1-1 and at least two shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 located on the bottom plate 8-2-1-1. The adjacent shaft teeth 8-2-1-2 are spaced apart. When the small soil blocks and the crop residues mixed in the soil blocks roll down through the gaps between the adjacent shaft teeth 8-2-1-2, the residual film and larger crop residues mixed in the small soil blocks are intercepted by the shaft teeth 8-2-1-2. The small soil blocks and smaller crop residues continue to roll down and fall back into the farmland from the hollow gaps between the adjacent impurity removal components 8-2, completing the preliminary separation of the residual film and soil blocks.

[0051] S3. The residual film and crop residues intercepted on the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 are transferred to the mesh conveyor belt 11. The electrostatic adsorption force generated by the mesh conveyor belt 11 can adsorb the residual film, but cannot adsorb the crop residues, so that the crop residues fall back to the farmland through the mesh of the mesh conveyor belt 11, completing the separation of the residual film and crop residues;

[0052] S4. The residual film adsorbed on the mesh conveyor belt 11 is transferred to the residual film collection box 12 to complete the collection of the residual film.

[0053] Among them, the method of breaking up soil blocks, the method of transferring residual film and crop residues on the impurity removal conveyor belt 8 to the mesh conveyor belt 11, the method of electrostatically adsorbing residual film on the mesh conveyor belt 11, and the method of transferring residual film on the mesh conveyor belt 11 to the residual film collection box 12 are the same as the discussion on the device part and will not be repeated here.

[0054] In order to improve the collection efficiency of residual film, a step of gathering small soil clods can be added before S2. The gathering method is the same as that discussed in the device part and will not be repeated here.

[0055] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the present invention, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

Claims

1. A device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland, characterized in that: include: A movable frame, and a soil crushing wheel, a rolling drum, a debris removal conveyor belt, a mesh conveyor belt, a fan and a residual film collection box installed on the frame and arranged in sequence along the direction of travel; The crushing wheel can rotate with the movement of the frame, and the outer peripheral surface of the crushing wheel is provided with a crushing assembly for crushing soil clods; The rolling and throwing drum can rotate relative to the frame, and the outer circumference of the rolling and throwing drum is provided with arc-shaped throwing plates distributed at intervals, and the throwing plates are bent toward the direction of the debris removal conveyor belt to throw the crushed soil blocks toward the debris removal conveyor belt; The inclined impurity removal conveyor belt is provided with impurity removal components arranged side by side and at intervals, and hollow gaps are provided between adjacent impurity removal components for allowing soil blocks that roll down to fall back into the farmland. The impurity removal components include a bottom plate and at least two shaft teeth located on the bottom plate, and the adjacent shaft teeth are arranged at intervals for allowing soil blocks to roll down and intercepting residual film and crop residues. The head end of the mesh conveyor belt is located below the end of the impurity removal conveyor belt. The mesh conveyor belt is a screen-like structure with mesh holes. The mesh conveyor belt can generate electrostatic adsorption force to adsorb residual film falling into the mesh conveyor belt and discharge crop residues. The air outlet of the fan is located below the end of the mesh conveyor belt and faces the inlet of the residual film collection box to blow the residual film into the residual film collection box.

2. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing wheel includes at least two circular end plates arranged at intervals, at least three crushing shafts are arranged between adjacent end plates, the crushing shafts are arranged at intervals along the outer circumference direction of the end plates, and all the crushing shafts constitute the crushing assembly.

3. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the soil crushing shaft is provided with sharp teeth, and a plurality of the sharp teeth are arranged side by side along the axial direction of the soil crushing shaft.

4. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The free end of the throwing plate is a smooth transition structure.

5. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impurity removal conveyor belt also includes two bases arranged side by side and at intervals. The two ends of the impurity removal component are respectively installed on the two bases. The base is sleeved on a roller, and the roller is transmission-connected to the driving component to drive the base to move.

6. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh conveyor belt is conductive and grounded. An electrode plate is provided on one side of the mesh conveyor belt. A needle-shaped electrode is provided on the electrode plate. The needle-shaped electrode is electrically connected to an electrostatic generator, and the electrode plate at least covers the head end of the mesh conveyor belt.

7. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the residual film collection box is a trumpet-shaped structure.

8. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a gathering scraper assembly, which is located between the soil crushing wheel and the rolling drum and is used to gather soil blocks crushed by the soil crushing wheel.

9. The device for recovering residual film fragments from farmland according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gathering scraper assembly includes two gathering scrapers, which are respectively installed on the frame. A channel for the passage of soil blocks is formed between the two gathering scrapers. The opening of the channel close to the crushing wheel is larger than the opening of the channel close to the rolling and throwing cylinder, and the opening of the channel close to the rolling and throwing cylinder at least partially overlaps with the area where the throwing plate extends axially along the rolling and throwing cylinder.

10. A method for recovering residual film fragments in farmland, characterized in that: Includes the following: S1. Break the large clods of soil into small clods; S2. The crushed clods are transferred to an inclined impurity removal conveyor belt, wherein the impurity removal conveyor belt is provided with impurity removal assemblies arranged side by side and at intervals, with hollow gaps between adjacent impurity removal assemblies. The impurity removal assembly comprises a base plate and at least two shaft teeth located on the base plate, with adjacent shaft teeth spaced apart. The clods roll downward through the gaps between the adjacent shaft teeth and fall back into the farmland through the hollow gaps. Residual film and crop residues mixed between the clods are intercepted by the shaft teeth. S3. The residual film and crop residues intercepted on the impurity removal conveyor belt are transferred to the mesh conveyor belt, which generates an electrostatic adsorption force to adsorb the residual film, and the crop residues fall back to the farmland through the mesh of the mesh conveyor belt; S4. Transferring the residual film adsorbed on the mesh conveyor belt to a residual film collection box to complete the collection of the residual film.

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