Camellia oleifera-blueberry high-yield composite cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and relates to a camellia oleifera-blueberry high-yield composite cultivation method. The method specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, ploughing land, applying a base fertilizer and an acidic substrate, ridging, ditching, and applying a camellia oleifera culture substrate in three layers; step 2, soaking roots of the camellia oleifera and blueberry seedlings with a nutrient solution; step 3, planting the camellia oleifera in the planting furrows, and planting the blueberries on the ridges; 4, watering and fertilizing in four stages; through layered matrix configuration, nursery stock treatment technology upgrading, staged water and fertilizer management and ecological complementary design, the problems of soil conflict, extensive nutrient management, frequent occurrence of diseases and pests and the like in traditional camellia oleifera and blueberry single planting are systematically solved, and the yield and quality of camellia oleifera and blueberry are improved through the composite cultivation mode; the utilization efficiency of land resources is also remarkably improved, ecological benefits and economic benefits are achieved, and an innovative scheme is provided for efficient cultivation of economic forest fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and relates to a high-yield composite cultivation method of oil-tea camellia and blueberry. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera is an important oil crop, but the traditional cultivation technology has the following defects: 1) Traditional cultivation of camellia oleifera mostly adopts a single soil improvement method, such as simply applying amendments to adjust the pH, but lacks a layered substrate configuration, resulting in uneven root nutrient absorption. Improper application of soil amendments can easily cause soil compaction or nutrient loss, affecting the root development and fruit yield of camellia oleifera. 2) In traditional cultivation, camellia oleifera is directly planted or the roots are simply cleaned without supplementing key elements through nutrient solution, which can easily make camellia oleifera susceptible to environmental stresses such as soil pH fluctuations, drought, and high temperature after planting, resulting in physiological diseases. 3) Traditional cultivation mostly relies on the one-time application of base fertilizer and lacks a staged topdressing strategy, which leads to nutritional deficiencies in the middle and late stages of camellia oleifera growth, easily causing flower and fruit drop, and reducing the oil content of camellia oleifera seeds. 4) Single cultivation of camellia oleifera occupies a lot of land resources and lacks ecological complementarity. Pest and disease control relies on chemical pesticides, which can easily cause environmental pollution.

[0003] However, as a high-value-added berry, the traditional cultivation method of blueberries has the following defects: 1) Blueberries are sensitive to acidic soils, and the existing technology for adjusting soil pH has limited effect, which can easily lead to poor development of blueberry roots and reduced yields. 2) Blueberries have high requirements for trace elements such as boron and zinc. If seedlings are directly planted without being treated with nutrients, the roots of the seedlings are likely to lack nutrients in the early stage, and their absorption capacity is limited, making it difficult to quickly obtain key elements, resulting in insufficient nutrition during the blueberry fruit expansion period and reduced sugar content in the fruit. 3) Blueberries have high requirements for water and trace elements, but the irrigation amount and water-fertilizer ratio in the existing technology are improper, resulting in reduced fruit quality. 4) Under the single planting model, blueberries are susceptible to root rot, aphids and other diseases. The existing technology mostly relies on chemical pesticides, which destroy the balance of soil microorganisms and are prone to drug resistance after long-term use.

[0004] The soil for cultivating camellia oleifera is loose, moist, deep, fertile, well-ventilated, and highly water-retaining. The soil type is sandy, acidic red or reddish-yellow loam, highly consistent with the climate and soil requirements for blueberry cultivation. The roots of camellia oleifera secrete organic acids during growth, creating a favorable soil environment for acid-loving blueberries. The small camellia oleifera and shrub blueberries complement each other in terms of growing space, resulting in a good ecological symbiosis between the two.

[0005] In view of the fact that the above-mentioned defects of blueberry and camellia oleifera are basically the same, providing a composite cultivation method of camellia oleifera and blueberry has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, plowing the land to a depth of 40-60 cm, applying base fertilizer and acidic substrate along with the plowing and mixing them evenly with the soil, forming ridges after the plowing is completed, with a ridge height of 20-30 cm, a ridge width of 1.2-1.5 m, and a ridge spacing of 1.2-1.5 m. A planting ditch is provided between the ridges, with a ditch width of 80-100 cm and a ditch depth of 35-50 cm. A camellia cultivation substrate 1 with a thickness of 20-25 cm is applied to the bottom layer of the ditch, a camellia cultivation substrate 2 with a thickness of 10-15 cm is applied to the middle layer of the ditch, the ditch surface is covered with original soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm, and then liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the entire field;

[0008] Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied in an amount of 400-500 kg / mu. Most preferably, the base fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, decomposed rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0009] Preferably, the acidic substrate is applied in an amount of 100-200 kg / mu. Most preferably, the acidic substrate comprises humus soil, red soil, coconut husk, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate in a mass ratio of 10:15:8:1:1.

[0010] Preferably, the oil tea cultivation matrix includes red soil, peat, coconut coir, vermiculite and rice husk in a mass ratio of 10:5:4:3:4.

[0011] Preferably, the second cultivation medium comprises humus, biochar, decomposed sheep manure, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3:8:3:2. Most preferably, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains 18%-20% P2O5.

[0012] Preferably, the organic matter content of the red soil is 1%-2%.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid fertilizer is used in an amount of 10-12 L / mu. Most preferably, the liquid fertilizer comprises potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:1000. Most preferably, the potassium fulvate is mineral-derived potassium fulvate.

[0014] Step 2: Before planting the oil tea seedlings, soak the roots in a nutrient solution at 25-30°C for 2-3 hours, then remove and dry the surface moisture.

[0015] Before planting blueberry seedlings, soak the roots in nutrient solution 2 at 30-35℃ for 2-3 hours, then take them out and dry the surface moisture.

[0016] Preferably, the nutrient agent comprises 0.3 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g / L magnesium sulfate, 0.05 g / L EDTA-Fe and 0.1 g / L humic acid based on water.

[0017] Preferably, the second nutrient agent includes 0.4 g / L ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 g / L manganese sulfate, 0.08 g / L EDTA-Fe and 0.03 g / L vitamin B based on water.

[0018] Step three: Plant the oil tea seedlings in the planting ditch, 50-60 plants / mu, and plant the blueberry seedlings on the ridge, 200-300 plants / mu. After planting, irrigate the field until the soil moisture content reaches 50-60%.

[0019] Step 4: 2-3 months after planting, apply 100-120kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer and water for 13-15 minutes. 3 / mu;

[0020] 4-5 months after planting, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves of tea and blueberry at a rate of 10-12L / mu and water for 12-13m 3 / mu;

[0021] 6-7 months after planting, apply 120-130kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer and water for 18-20 minutes. 3 / mu;

[0022] 8-10 months after planting, apply 100-120kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer and water for 20-22m 3 / mu;

[0023] Preferably, the topdressing comprises decomposed sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and sodium molybdate in a mass ratio of 90:10:5:3:1:0.1.

[0024] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2%-0.3%.

[0025] Preferably, the second topdressing comprises decomposed sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Zn, with a mass ratio of 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.1.

[0026] Preferably, the topdressing fertilizer includes decomposed rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea and superphosphate in a mass ratio of 80:8:10:5.

[0027] Preferably, the organic matter content of the above-mentioned decomposed sheep manure and decomposed rapeseed cake is ≥45%.

[0028] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) The present invention configures a special matrix for camellia oleifera at the bottom of the planting ditch, adds a high-organic matter matrix in the middle layer, and covers the surface with original soil. The layers are arranged to meet the deep rooting requirements of the camellia oleifera root system. When blueberries are planted on the ridges, the acidic matrix accurately adjusts the soil pH, and coconut bran is added to improve air permeability, thereby achieving compatibility between the soil environments of the two crops and solving the problem of excessive land resource occupation when a single camellia oleifera plantation is used.

[0030] (2) Nutrients: Soak the roots of tea oil seedlings in potassium dihydrogen phosphate to provide phosphorus and potassium, promote the activity of root meristem, magnesium sulfate to supplement magnesium and enhance photosynthesis, EDTA-Fe to prevent iron deficiency chlorosis, and humic acid to improve the rhizosphere microenvironment and enhance nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0031] The second nutrient agent is used to soak the roots of blueberry seedlings. Sulfuric acid provides a quick-acting nitrogen source to promote the germination of new roots, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Fe provide trace elements, and vitamin B activates the activity of root metabolic enzymes and shortens the seedling acclimatization period.

[0032] Through soaking, the roots of seedlings directly absorb high-concentration nutrient solution, quickly establish nutrient reserves, quickly restore absorption function after planting, and significantly shorten the seedling period.

[0033] (3) The base fertilizer of the present invention provides long-lasting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and topdressing is carried out in multiple stages to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to meet the needs of blueberries during the fruit expansion period. Foliar fertilizer directly supplements nutrients during the growth period, thereby improving the yield and quality of camellia seeds and blueberries, and solving the problem of nutrient waste and insufficient nutrition in the later stage caused by one-time fertilization.

[0034] (4) The difference in root distribution between tea oil and blueberry (tea oil has deep roots, blueberry has shallow roots) reduces nutrient competition. The organic acids secreted by tea oil roots not only create a favorable soil environment for blueberries, but also inhibit pathogens, forming a natural disease-resistant barrier, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and solving the technical problem that single planting is prone to causing pests and diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Step 1: plow the land to a depth of 60 cm, apply 450 kg / mu of base fertilizer and 150 kg / mu of acidic substrate along with the plowing and mix them evenly with the soil. After plowing is completed, ridges are formed with a ridge height of 25 cm, a ridge width of 1.5 m, and a ridge spacing of 1.5 m. Planting furrows are set between the ridges with a width of 90 cm and a depth of 50 cm. Oil tea cultivation substrate 1 with a thickness of 25 cm is applied to the bottom layer of the furrow, and oil tea cultivation substrate 2 with a thickness of 15 cm is applied to the middle layer of the furrow. The surface of the furrow is covered with original soil with a thickness of 10 cm, and then 10 L / mu of liquid fertilizer is sprayed on the entire field.

[0038] The base fertilizer is composed of decomposed sheep manure, decomposed rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 5:3:1.

[0039] The acidic matrix includes humus soil, red soil, coconut husk, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate in a mass ratio of 10:15:8:1:1.

[0040] The first cultivation medium for oil tea plants includes red soil, peat, coconut coir, vermiculite, and rice husks in a mass ratio of 10:5:4:3:4. The second cultivation medium includes humus, biochar, decomposed sheep manure, urea, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3:8:3:2. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains 18% P2O5. The organic matter content of the red soil is 1%-2%.

[0041] The liquid fertilizer comprises mineral-derived potassium humate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:1000.

[0042] Step 2: Before planting oil tea seedlings, soak the roots in nutrient agent 1 at 28°C for 2 hours, remove and dry the surface moisture; before planting blueberry seedlings, soak the roots in nutrient agent 2 at 32°C for 2 hours, remove and dry the surface moisture;

[0043] The nutrient agent comprises 0.3 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g / L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 g / L of humic acid based on water.

[0044] The second nutrient agent includes 0.4 g / L of ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 g / L of manganese sulfate, 0.08 g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.03 g / L of vitamin B based on water.

[0045] Step three: plant the oil tea seedlings in the planting ditch at 55 plants per mu, and plant the blueberry seedlings on the ridge at 250 plants per mu. After planting, irrigate the field until the soil moisture content reaches 55%.

[0046] Step 4: 2-3 months after planting, apply 115kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer and water for 15min. 3 / mu;

[0047] 4-5 months after planting, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves of tea and blueberry at a rate of 12L / mu and water for 12m 3 / mu;

[0048] 6-7 months after planting, apply 120kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer and water the fields for 18min. 3 / mu;

[0049] 8-10 months after planting, apply 100kg / mu of topdressing fertilizer to the field and water for 20min. 3 / mu;

[0050] The first topdressing fertilizer includes decomposed sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax, and sodium molybdate in a mass ratio of 90:10:5:3:1:0.1. The foliar fertilizer is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. The second topdressing fertilizer includes decomposed sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate, and EDTA-Zn in a mass ratio of 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.1. The third topdressing fertilizer includes decomposed rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea, and superphosphate in a mass ratio of 80:8:10:5.

[0051] The organic matter content of the above-mentioned decomposed sheep manure and decomposed rapeseed cake is ≥45%.

[0052] Step 5: For blueberry pest and disease control, refer to "Blueberry Cultivation and Management Manual," by Ishikawa Shunji and Koike Yoo. For camellia oleifera pest and disease control, refer to "Practical Cultivation Techniques for Camellia Oleifera," by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration's State Forest Farm and Seedling Management Department and the National Camellia Oleifera Scientific Management Center.

[0053] Test Example 1

[0054] A local terraced field with a height of 2 meters, a width of 1.5 meters, and a slope of 16° was selected and evenly divided into several plots with the same area. Two groups of treatments were set up.

[0055] Experimental group: blueberry and oil-tea camellia were compositely cultivated in the manner of Example 1.

[0056] Control group: The fields were divided into blueberry area and oil-tea camellia area. Blueberries and oil-tea camellia were cultivated completely separately. The planting amount of blueberries and oil-tea camellia was the same as that of the experimental group. The cultivation method of blueberries was completely based on the "Blueberry Cultivation and Management Manual", and the cultivation method of oil-tea camellia was completely based on the "Practical Cultivation Technology of Oil-tea Camellia".

[0057] Repeat 3 times per set.

[0058] The data collection indicators and results are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Yield: Camellia seed yield per mu (kg / mu), fresh blueberry yield per mu (kg / mu).

[0060] Quality: Camellia seed oil content (%), blueberry soluble solids (sugar content, Brix), vitamin C content (mg / 100g).

[0061] Pesticide dosage: the amount of chemical pesticides used in pest control (kg / mu).

[0062] Table 1

[0063] Experimental group control group Camellia oil seed yield (kg / mu) 320±15 210±15 Blueberry fresh fruit yield (kg / mu) 1250±50 850±40 Camellia oleifera seed oil content (%) 28.5±0.8 22.1±1.2 Blueberry Brix 14.2±0.5 11.6±0.7 Vitamin C content of blueberries (mg / 100g) 22.3±1.2 16.8±1.5 Chemical pesticide dosage (kg / mu) 1.2±0.3 3.8±0.5

[0064] Table 1 shows that the yield of camellia seeds and blueberries in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the stratified substrate and staged topdressing effectively met the nutritional needs of the crops. The oil content of camellia seeds, sugar content of blueberries, and vitamin C content in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, demonstrating that the acidic substrate and coating technology significantly improved the quality of camellia seeds and blueberries. Pesticide use in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group, indicating that organic acids secreted by the camellia roots inhibited pathogens, and ecological complementarity reduced the incidence of pests and diseases.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: plowing the land, plowing the depth, applying base fertilizer and acidic substrate along with the plowing and mixing them evenly with the soil, forming ridges after plowing, setting planting furrows between the ridges, the furrow width is 80-100 cm, the furrow depth is 35-50 cm, applying oil-tea camellia cultivation substrate 1 with a thickness of 20-25 cm to the bottom layer of the furrow, applying oil-tea camellia cultivation substrate 2 with a thickness of 10-15 cm to the middle layer of the furrow, covering the furrow surface with a thickness of 5-10 cm of original soil, and then spraying liquid fertilizer on the entire field; Step 2: soak the roots of the oil-tea camellia seedlings with a nutrient solution before planting, then take them out and dry the surface moisture; Before planting blueberry seedlings, soak the roots with nutrient agent 2, take them out and dry the surface moisture; Step 3: Plant the oil-tea seedlings in the planting furrows at a rate of 50-60 plants per mu, and plant the blueberry seedlings on the ridges at a rate of 200-300 plants per mu. After planting, irrigate the fields until the soil moisture content reaches 50-60%. Step 4: 2-3 months after planting, apply topdressing fertilizer and water the field; 4-5 months after planting, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves of tea and blueberry and water them; 6-7 months after planting, apply topdressing fertilizer and water the field; 8-10 months after planting, apply top dressing and water the field.

2. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer application rate in step 1 is 400-500 kg / mu, and the base fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, decomposed rapeseed cake and 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, with a mass ratio of 5:3:

1.

3. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidic substrate applied in step 1 is 100-200 kg / mu, and the acidic substrate includes humus, red soil, coconut bran, sulfur powder and ferrous sulfate in a mass ratio of 10:15:8:1:

1.

4. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil tea cultivation matrix 1 described in step 1 includes red soil, peat, coconut coir, vermiculite and rice husks in a mass ratio of 10:5:4:3:4, and the cultivation matrix 2 includes humus, biochar, decomposed sheep manure, urea and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:3:8:3:

2.

5. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient agent 1 in step 2 includes 0.3 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g / L of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 g / L of EDTA-Fe and 0.1 g / L of humic acid based on water.

6. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the nutrient agent 2 includes 0.4 g / L ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01 g / L manganese sulfate, 0.08 g / L EDTA-Fe and 0.03 g / L vitamin B based on water.

7. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topdressing described in step 4 includes decomposed sheep manure, urea, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, borax and sodium molybdate, with a mass ratio of 90:10:5:3:1:0.

1.

8. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer in step 4 is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass fraction of 0.2%-0.3%.

9. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second topdressing in step 4 includes decomposed sheep manure, potassium sulfate, urea, superphosphate, manganese sulfate and EDTA-Zn, with a mass ratio of 90:10:5:6:0.2:0.

1.

10. The high-yield composite cultivation method of camellia oil and blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topdressing fertilizer includes decomposed rapeseed cake, potassium sulfate, urea and superphosphate, with a mass ratio of 80:8:10:5.