Double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method for watermelons

Abstract

The invention provides a watermelon double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method, and relates to the technical field of watermelon cultivation. The watermelon double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method comprises the following steps of site preparation, facility and equipment disinfection, matrix premixing and disinfection, rootstock and scion selection, rootstock and scion seed soaking, rootstock and scion sowing, root-cutting grafting, root dipping with hormone, cuttage and disc returning, callus period management, daily management and outplanting. A traditional watermelon grafting operation mode is changed, plant exogenous hormones are used for inducing stems to quickly generate new roots, and water evaporation of grafted seedlings is reduced by combining a mixed water-retaining agent in a seedling culture substrate, so that the water spraying frequency in the callus period is reduced, the effects of few diseases, developed root systems, high seedling strengthening rate and the like under low-temperature and weak-light conditions of the seedlings are achieved, and the production cost is reduced; the yield and the output value of the watermelon industry in China are expected to be improved, income increase of farmers is promoted, and contributions are made to agricultural modernization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, in particular to a watermelon double-root-cut grafting seedling raising method. Background Art

[0002] The quality of watermelon seedling cultivation directly impacts subsequent watermelon yield and quality. Grafting watermelon seedling cultivation is an effective means of producing high-quality seedlings. Traditional watermelon grafting primarily uses the cutting method, which preserves the rootstock's original root system. This method presents numerous drawbacks in factory-based seedling production, including uneven emergence of seedlings from the rootstock, time-consuming and labor-intensive grafting, inconsistent morphology of commercial seedlings, and high production costs. Disease resistance, stress tolerance, early maturity, commercial viability, and high yield often struggle to achieve optimal balance, leading to compromises. Furthermore, due to continuous cropping, continuous cropping obstacles, and severe soil-borne diseases, plant mortality and premature aging are common, severely impacting watermelon yield and quality. Traditional grafted seedlings, based on rootstocks like pumpkin, have a relatively sparse root system that extends deep into the soil. Due to water shortages in regions like Xinjiang, drip irrigation and mulching are commonly used, with the effective drip irrigation water depth typically exceeding 30 cm. This results in low fertilizer and water efficiency for grafted seedlings. The double-root-breaking grafting seedling technology can effectively improve the quality of grafted commercial seedlings, increase labor efficiency, and reduce production costs. Because the regenerated roots are fibrous roots, there are many of them and they are in the 30 cm tillage layer on the surface, it effectively improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and the plant's stress resistance, and significantly increases watermelon yields. It is a seedling technology that can replace traditional watermelon grafting methods.

[0003] Double-root grafting is a seedling cultivation method in which both the rootstock and scion are root-destroyed before grafting. The grafted seedlings are then inserted into a special cutting medium to cultivate new roots in the rootstock. Double-root grafting removes the original root system of the rootstock. As the grafting site heals, it induces the rootstock to produce new roots. The newly formed root system is more developed, the seedlings are stronger, and have greater resistance to stress. Therefore, double-root grafting of watermelons is an effective method to improve the stress resistance of watermelons, effectively improving their quality and yield. However, double-root grafting also increases the difficulty of management, and the grafted seedlings are extremely susceptible to disease or death within 7 days after grafting, seriously affecting the grafting survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a watermelon double-root-cut grafting seedling raising method, which solves the problems of low watermelon yield and high mortality rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A watermelon double-root-cut grafting seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Site preparation: Clean up the nursery area, remove garbage and waste, and neatly place the production materials and tools needed for production on the site; Step 2: Disinfection of facilities and equipment: First, spray the seedling racks and the surface of the site with artificial disinfection, and then use disinfectant to fumigate the greenhouse in a closed greenhouse. After closing for 1-2 days, ventilate for 2-5 days to remove the odor and then set aside. Step 3: Matrix premix disinfection: Prepare peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, add water-retaining agent according to 0.8% of the volume of the substrate, mix thoroughly and sterilize at high temperature, add water and stir evenly, and control the humidity at 50% to 60%; Step 4: Rootstock and scion selection: (1) Select varieties with good grafting affinity, strong disease resistance, and no impact on fruit quality. According to different scions and production conditions, select corresponding special varieties, including Yongzhen No. 1, Yongzhen No. 5, and Jingxin Zhen No. 1. The seeds are dry heat treated; (2) Scion varieties are selected according to cultivation needs, including Zaojia, Tianwang, Annong No. 2, and Jincheng No. 5, and the seeds are dry heat treated; Step 5: Soaking the rootstock and scion: After drying the seeds for 1 to 2 days, soak them in 55℃ warm water for 10 to 15 minutes. Rub off the mucus on the surface of the seeds with your hands and soak them in 25℃ to 30℃ warm water. Soak the rootstock for 12 to 24 hours depending on the thickness of the seed coat, and soak the scion for 6 hours. Step 6: Germination treatment: Wrap the seeds with a sterilized wet cloth and germinate them at 28-30°C. Sow them when 60% of the scion is white. Pick out the white seeds on the rootstock every 12 hours and sow them. Step 7: Sowing of rootstock and scion: The flat tray seedling method is used. The seedling tray is covered with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After the surface is scraped flat, the substrate is soaked with water. The scion seeds are 1500 grains / m 2 ~2000 particles / m 2 , Rootstock seeds 1000 grains / m 2 ~1200 particles / m 2 Sow evenly, then evenly cover with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After soaking with water again, cover the flat plate with mulch to keep the substrate moist. Step 8: Post-sowing management: Before emergence, the temperature of the scion should be 30℃~35℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night. When 50% of the seeds have broken through the soil, the mulch film can be removed. After germination, the temperature of the scion should be 25℃~28℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 20℃~25℃ during the day and 13℃~18℃ at night; Step 9: Root cutting and grafting: The scion is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened, and the stock is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened until the first true leaf is unfolded. Cut the pumpkin cotyledons 6 to 7 cm below the pumpkin cotyledons, and cut off 2 to 3 cm below the scion cotyledons. Place them on the upper seedling clamp according to the mechanical grafting operation standard, and perform mechanical cutting, lamination and clamping to form in vitro cutting seedlings. The cutting seedlings remove the growth point and one cotyledon of the stock, and retain the stem length of 0.5 to 1 cm. The cotyledons of the stock and the cotyledons of the scion are parallel and consistent. Step 10: Dip the roots with hormones: Prepare a hormone root dipping solution containing 400 ppm indolebutyric acid and 100 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid. Pour the solution upside down on a flat plate, and control the liquid depth to 0.5-1.0 cm. Immerse the roots of the rootstock of the grafted seedlings in the liquid to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, hold for 1 second, and then remove them. Step 11: Cuttings back to the tray: Before cutting, prepare a 32-hole or 50-hole tray, fill the tray with substrate, water thoroughly, and arrange neatly. Insert the grafted seedlings vertically into the tray substrate to a depth of about 2.5 cm. Between adjacent longitudinal rows, the cotyledons of the scion or rootstock should face each other. Place the grafted seedlings in a small arch shed in time to keep warm, moisturize and shade them. Step 12: Post-grafting management: Within 3 days after grafting, maintain the temperature at 24℃~26℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; gradually lower the temperature after 3 days, and on the 7th day, maintain the temperature at 18℃~20℃ during the day and 14℃~16℃ at night; after 10 days, manage the seedlings as normal ones; Before grafting, the seedling medium should be kept moist. For the first three days after grafting, the greenhouse should be kept closed and the relative humidity should be above 90%. Starting from the fourth day, ventilation and dehumidification should be gradually carried out according to the survival of the grafted seedlings. After the seventh day, ventilation time and volume should be gradually increased in the morning and evening. After the tenth day, attention should be paid to wind protection and normal seedbed management should be resumed. Step 13: Out of the Garden: The plant height is 10cm~13cm, the spread is similar to the plant height, the stem is more than 0.3cm thick, there are 2~3 true leaves, the leaves are large and thick, the leaf color is dark green, the root system is white, there are many secondary roots, no rust roots, the substrate ball does not fall apart after leaving the seedling tray, the seedlings are strong and disease-free.

[0006] The present invention provides a watermelon double-root-cut grafting seedling raising method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The double-root grafting technology can improve the stress resistance of watermelon seedlings and effectively improve the yield and quality of watermelon.

[0007] 2. By selecting rootstock and scion varieties, the affinity and disease resistance of watermelon seedlings are guaranteed, and the grafting survival rate is improved.

[0008] 3. During the seedling cultivation process, the greenhouse is disinfected to reduce the risk of disease infection and improve the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0009] 4. Using special seedling medium is conducive to the growth of new roots of the rootstock, making the melon seedlings stronger.

[0010] 5. Optimized grafting and management techniques, reduced grafting difficulty, and improved labor efficiency.

[0011] 6. Precise control of temperature, humidity and fertilization is conducive to the normal growth and development of grafted seedlings.

[0012] 7. Harden the seedlings before transplanting them into the field to help them better adapt to the field environment and increase their survival rate.

[0013] The present invention provides a watermelon double-root grafting seedling raising method with the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and significant results, providing a highly efficient and high-quality seedling raising technology for my country's watermelon cultivation industry. By implementing the present invention, by changing the traditional grafting operation method, new roots are induced to form, resulting in a well-developed root system and strong stress resistance. This improves seedling quality, increases yield, and reduces production costs. This method is expected to increase the output and output value of my country's watermelon industry, promote increased income for farmers, and contribute to the modernization of agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the seedling raising method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a watermelon double-root-cut grafting seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Site preparation: Clean up the nursery area, remove garbage and waste, and neatly place the production materials and tools needed for production on the site; Step 2: Disinfection of facilities and equipment: First, spray the seedling racks and the surface of the site with artificial disinfection, and then use disinfectant to fumigate the greenhouse in a closed greenhouse. After closing for 1-2 days, ventilate for 2-5 days to remove the odor and then set aside. Step 3: Matrix premix disinfection: Prepare peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, add water-retaining agent according to 0.8% of the volume of the substrate, mix thoroughly and sterilize at high temperature, add water and stir evenly, and control the humidity at 50% to 60%; Step 4: Rootstock and scion selection: (1) Select varieties with good grafting affinity, strong disease resistance, and no impact on fruit quality. According to different scions and production conditions, select corresponding special varieties, including Yongzhen No. 1, Yongzhen No. 5, and Jingxin Zhen No. 1. The seeds are dry heat treated; (2) Scion varieties are selected according to cultivation needs, including Zaojia, Tianwang, Annong No. 2, and Jincheng No. 5, and the seeds are dry heat treated; Step 5: Soaking the rootstock and scion: After drying the seeds for 1 to 2 days, soak them in 55℃ warm water for 10 to 15 minutes. Rub off the mucus on the surface of the seeds with your hands and soak them in 25℃ to 30℃ warm water. Soak the rootstock for 12 to 24 hours depending on the thickness of the seed coat, and soak the scion for 6 hours. Step 6: Germination treatment: Wrap the seeds with a sterilized wet cloth and germinate them at 28-30°C. Sow them when 60% of the scion is white. Pick out the white seeds on the rootstock every 12 hours and sow them. Step 7: Sowing of rootstock and scion: The flat tray seedling method is used. The seedling tray is covered with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After the surface is scraped flat, the substrate is soaked with water. The scion seeds are 1500 grains / m 2 ~2000 particles / m 2 , Rootstock seeds 1000 grains / m 2 ~1200 particles / m 2 Sow evenly, then evenly cover with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After soaking with water again, cover the flat plate with mulch to keep the substrate moist. Step 8: Post-sowing management: Before emergence, the temperature of the scion should be 30℃~35℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night. When 50% of the seeds have broken through the soil, the mulch film can be removed. After germination, the temperature of the scion should be 25℃~28℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 20℃~25℃ during the day and 13℃~18℃ at night; Step 9: Root cutting and grafting: The scion is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened, and the stock is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened until the first true leaf is unfolded. Cut the pumpkin cotyledons 6 to 7 cm below the pumpkin cotyledons, and cut off 2 to 3 cm below the scion cotyledons. Place them on the upper seedling clamp according to the mechanical grafting operation standard, and perform mechanical cutting, lamination and clamping to form in vitro cutting seedlings. The cutting seedlings remove the growth point and one cotyledon of the stock, and retain the stem length of 0.5 to 1 cm. The cotyledons of the stock and the cotyledons of the scion are parallel and consistent. Step 10: Dip the roots with hormones: Prepare a hormone root dipping solution containing 400 ppm indolebutyric acid and 100 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid. Pour the solution upside down on a flat plate, and control the liquid depth to 0.5-1.0 cm. Immerse the roots of the rootstock of the grafted seedlings in the liquid to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, hold for 1 second, and then remove them. Step 11: Cuttings back to the tray: Before cutting, prepare a 32-hole or 50-hole tray, fill the tray with substrate, water thoroughly, and arrange neatly. Insert the grafted seedlings vertically into the tray substrate to a depth of about 2.5 cm. Between adjacent longitudinal rows, the cotyledons of the scion or rootstock should face each other. Place the grafted seedlings in a small arch shed in time to keep warm, moisturize and shade them. Step 12: Post-grafting management: Within 3 days after grafting, maintain the temperature at 24℃~26℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; gradually lower the temperature after 3 days, and on the 7th day, maintain the temperature at 18℃~20℃ during the day and 14℃~16℃ at night; after 10 days, manage the seedlings as normal ones; Before grafting, the seedling medium should be kept moist. For the first three days after grafting, the greenhouse should be kept closed and the relative humidity should be above 90%. Starting from the fourth day, ventilation and dehumidification should be gradually carried out according to the survival of the grafted seedlings. After the seventh day, ventilation time and volume should be gradually increased in the morning and evening. After the tenth day, attention should be paid to wind protection and normal seedbed management should be resumed. Step 13: Out of the Garden: The plant height is 10cm~13cm, the spread is similar to the plant height, the stem is more than 0.3cm thick, there are 2~3 true leaves, the leaves are large and thick, the leaf color is dark green, the root system is white, there are many secondary roots, no rust roots, the substrate ball does not fall apart after leaving the seedling tray, the seedlings are strong and disease-free.

[0017] Comparative Example: The existing technology is used to carry out non-root-cutting grafting seedling cultivation of watermelon (watermelon variety: Annong No. 2).

[0018] Experimental example: The seedling rate, root length, root number and transplant survival rate of the grafted seedlings of the embodiment and the comparative example were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in the following table:

[0019] Through comparative experiments, the seedling rate of the embodiment was over 98%, while that of the control was only 90.2%; in terms of root length and root number, the grafted seedlings of the embodiment performed significantly better than the control, especially the root number index. After the rootstock was broken, a large number of fibrous root systems were formed, and the root system was particularly developed, which was 2.7 times that of the control; in addition, in terms of transplanting survival rate, the grafted seedlings of the embodiment had a survival rate of nearly 100%, while that of the control was 91.3%.

[0020]

[0021] Through comparative experiments, under the same cultivation conditions, the weight of a single melon in the embodiment reached 13.2 kg, an increase of 14.8% over the control; the sugar content of the embodiment was significantly improved, of which the edge sugar content was 0.9% higher than that of the control, and the core sugar content was 0.7% higher than that of the control; the water consumption was significantly reduced, with 63 m3 of water saved per mu. 3 , water saving rate is 25.8%.

[0022] In summary, the watermelon double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method provided by the present invention is superior to the control example in all indicators, indicating that the method has good practicality and promotion value. The watermelon double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method provided by the present invention has a high effect in practical application, can be widely used in the production and planting of watermelon, and improve the yield and quality of watermelon.

[0023] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A watermelon double-root grafting seedling raising method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Site preparation: Clean up the nursery area, remove garbage and waste, and neatly place the production materials and tools needed for production on the site; Step 2: Disinfection of facilities and equipment: First, spray the seedling racks and the surface of the site with artificial disinfection, and then use disinfectant to fumigate the greenhouse in a closed greenhouse. After closing for 1-2 days, ventilate for 2-5 days to remove the odor and then set aside. Step 3: Matrix premix disinfection: Prepare peat, perlite and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1:1, add water-retaining agent according to 0.8% of the volume of the substrate, mix thoroughly and sterilize at high temperature, add water and stir evenly, and control the humidity at 50% to 60%; Step 4: Rootstock and scion selection: (1) Select varieties with good grafting affinity, strong disease resistance, and no impact on fruit quality. According to different scions and production conditions, select corresponding special varieties, including Yongzhen No. 1, Yongzhen No. 5, and Jingxin Zhen No.

1. The seeds are dry heat treated; (2) Scion varieties are selected according to cultivation needs, including Zaojia, Tianwang, Annong No. 2, and Jincheng No. 5, and the seeds are dry heat treated; Step 5: Soaking the rootstock and scion: After drying the seeds for 1 to 2 days, soak them in 55℃ warm water for 10 to 15 minutes. Rub off the mucus on the surface of the seeds with your hands and soak them in 25℃ to 30℃ warm water. Soak the rootstock for 12 to 24 hours depending on the thickness of the seed coat, and soak the scion for 6 hours. Step 6: Germination treatment: Wrap the seeds with a sterilized wet cloth and germinate them at 28-30°C. Sow them when 60% of the scion is white. Pick out the white seeds on the rootstock every 12 hours and sow them. Step 7: Sowing of rootstock and scion: The flat tray seedling method is used. The seedling tray is covered with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After the surface is scraped flat, the substrate is soaked with water. The scion seeds are 1500 grains / m 2 ~2000 particles / m 2 , Rootstock seeds 1000 grains / m 2 ~1200 particles / m 2 Sow evenly, then evenly cover with vermiculite with a thickness of 2.0cm to 2.5cm. After soaking with water again, cover the flat plate with mulch to keep the substrate moist. Step 8: Post-sowing management: Before emergence, the temperature of the scion should be 30℃~35℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night. When 50% of the seeds have broken through the soil, the mulch film can be removed. After germination, the temperature of the scion should be 25℃~28℃ during the day and 15℃~18℃ at night; the temperature of the rootstock should be 20℃~25℃ during the day and 13℃~18℃ at night; Step 9: Root cutting and grafting: The scion is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened, and the stock is at the right age when two cotyledons are flattened until the first true leaf is unfolded. Cut the pumpkin cotyledons 6 to 7 cm below the pumpkin cotyledons, and cut off 2 to 3 cm below the scion cotyledons. Place them on the upper seedling clamp according to the mechanical grafting operation standard, and perform mechanical cutting, lamination and clamping to form in vitro cutting seedlings. The cutting seedlings remove the growth point and one cotyledon of the stock, and retain the stem length of 0.5 to 1 cm. The cotyledons of the stock and the cotyledons of the scion are parallel and consistent. Step 10: Dip the roots with hormones: Prepare a hormone root dipping solution containing 400 ppm indolebutyric acid and 100 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid. Pour the solution upside down on a flat plate, and control the liquid depth to 0.5-1.0 cm. Immerse the roots of the rootstock of the grafted seedlings in the liquid to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, hold for 1 second, and then remove them. Step 11: Cuttings back to the tray: Before cutting, prepare a 32-hole or 50-hole tray, fill the tray with substrate, water thoroughly, and arrange neatly. Insert the grafted seedlings vertically into the tray substrate to a depth of about 2.5 cm. Between adjacent longitudinal rows, the cotyledons of the scion or rootstock should face each other. Place the grafted seedlings in a small arch shed in time to keep warm, moisturize and shade them. Step 12: Post-grafting management: Within 3 days after grafting, maintain the temperature at 24℃~26℃ during the day and 18℃~20℃ at night; gradually lower the temperature after 3 days, and on the 7th day, maintain the temperature at 18℃~20℃ during the day and 14℃~16℃ at night; after 10 days, manage the seedlings as normal ones; Before grafting, the seedling medium should be kept moist. For the first three days after grafting, the greenhouse should be kept closed and the relative humidity should be above 90%. Starting from the fourth day, ventilation and dehumidification should be gradually carried out according to the survival of the grafted seedlings. After the seventh day, ventilation time and volume should be gradually increased in the morning and evening. After the tenth day, attention should be paid to wind protection and normal seedbed management should be resumed. Step 13: Out of the Garden: The plant height is 10cm~13cm, the spread is similar to the plant height, the stem is more than 0.3cm thick, there are 2~3 true leaves, the leaves are large and thick, the leaf color is dark green, the root system is white, there are many secondary roots, no rust roots, the substrate ball does not fall apart after leaving the seedling tray, the seedlings are strong and disease-free.

Images